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Understanding Reflection of Light: Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Understanding Reflection of Light: Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
5.1
UNDERSTANDING REFLECTION OF LIGHT
What light is? Is a form ……………Light travel in a .................. and high speed about 300,000 km s-1.
How the light 1. The light ray that strikes the surface of
ray reflected the mirror is called ……………….ray.
by the surface 2. The light ray that bounces off from the
of mirror? surface of the mirror is called
……………..
3. The ……………is a line perpendicular
to the mirror surface where the reflection
occurs.
4. The angle between the incident ray and
AO = incident ray
the normal is called the ………………
OB = reflected ray
5. The angle between the reflected ray and
i = angle of incident
the normal is called
r = angle of reflected
…………………………………………….
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
State the 1.
characteristics 2.
of the image 3.
formed by 4.
plane mirror 5.
What is meant
by virtual
image? Image that ……………..be seen on a screen.
What is meant
by real image?
Image that ………………be seen on a screen.
CURVED MIRRORS:
Concave mirror Convex mirror
f f
r r
Common Refer to the diagrams above and give the names for the following:
terminology of
reflection of 1.Centre of curvature ,C = ……………………………………………………………………………….
light on a ...........................................................................................................
curved mirror 2.Pole of mirror, P = ……………………………………………………………………….
3.Radius of curvature ,r = CP = ……………………………………………………………
4.Focal length, f = ………………………………………………………………………….
................................................................................................................
5.Object distance, = ………………………………………………………………………..
6.Object distance , v = ..........................................................................................................
Construction
Rules for
Concave
Mirror
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
5-3
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Construction
Rules for
Concave
Mirror
Image formed Using the principles of construction of ray diagram, complete the ray diagrams for each of the
by concave cases shown below:
mirror:
u = object distance; v = image distance ; f = focal length ; r = radius of curvature
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Check Yourself:
Objective Question:
2. The diagram shows a single ray of light being 5. An object is placed in front of a plane mirror.
directed at a plane mirror. Compare to the object, the image formed in the
mirror is always
A virtual
40° B smaller
C bigger
D three times as far away
What are the angles of incidence and reflection?
Angle of incidence Angle of reflection
A 40o
40o 6. A light ray incident onto a plane mirror at an
B 40o
50o angle of 50o
C 50o 40o The characteristics of an image , formed by a
D 50o 50o convex mirror for all positions of the object are
A diminished, real and inverted
B magnified , real, and upright
C diminished ,virtual and upright
3. The diagram shows a ray of light from a small bulb D magnified , virtual and inverted
strikes a plane mirror.
A diminished
B magnified
C same size of object
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
9. When an object is placed at a point 20 cm in (a) Name the type of mirror shown in Diagram 3.1
front of a concave mirror, a real image of the
same as the object is formed on a screen placed ……………………………………………………..
next to the object. What is the focal length of the [1 mark]
mirror?
(b) Name one characteristic of the image formed
A 5 cm by the mirror.
B 10 cm
C 15 cm ……………………………………………………..
D 20 cm [1 mark]
(c) Sketch a ray diagram to show how the image
10. Which of the following states the right reason for
is formed.
replacing a plane mirror are used as rear- view
mirrors in motor vehicles with a convex mirror ?
Answer:
1
2
3
4
5 [3 marks]
6 (d) What is the advantage of using this type of
7 mirror in the shop?
8
9 ……………………………………………………………
10 [1 mark]
5-6
Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
DIAGRAM 4.1
………………………………………… …….
[ 1 mark ]
DIAGAM 7.1
(b) State the light phenomenon that causes the
image of the teeth. (a) Diagram 7.2 shows an incomplete ray
diagram when a plane mirror is placed at X.
………………………………………………...
[ 1 mark ]
………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
[ 3 marks]
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
(ii) State the light phenomenon involved in (a)(i). (ii) Complete the ray diagram in Diagram 7.3
[2 marks]
…………………………………………………
[1 mark]
………………………………………………………..
..............................................................................
[1 mark]
…………………………………………………
[1 mark]
……………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………
[1 mark]
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
5.2
UNDERSTANDING REFRACTION OF LIGHT
The diagram shows the spoon bent when put inside the water.
State the
phenomenon ………………………………….
occurs.
How the Light travel from ………………..medium which is air to …………………….(water), light will
phenomenon be deviated ………………….to the normal. Thus the spoon seems like bending after putting
occurs? inside the water.
Why light is It due to change in the …………………of light as it passes from one medium into another.
refracted? Light travel more ………………in water (or glass) than in air.
When a light beam passes from air into glass, one side of the beam is slowed before the other.
This makes the beam ………………………….
Three different
cases of refraction
i = 0 ,r = 0 i>r i<r
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
When a ray of light crosses Ray is light passes from Ray of light passes from
the boundry between two air(less dense) to glass(dense) to air(less
different mediums at a right glass(denser). dense)
angle or the incident ray
………………..to normal,
ray is bent ray bent
the ray is ……………………... ………………..from
…………………but the normal the normal
the speed of light is
……………………. the speed of light the speed of light
The angles of …………………after …………………….
incidence and entering the glass after emerging from
refraction the glass.
are………………….
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Refractive Index 1. When light travels between two mediums with different optical densities, it changes speed
and bends.
2. The speed of light will decrease when it enters an optically denser medium and increases when
it enters an optically less dense medium.
3. The angle of bending of light depends on the refractive index of the mediums and the angle of
incidence ,i.
n = sin 50°
sin 40°
= 1.2
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
2. Example:
n = speed of light in vacuum (air) The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 ms-1
speed of light in medium and the speed of light in glass is 2 x 108 ms-1 .
Determine the refractive index of glass.
Solution:
0r
n = va n = 3 x 108 ms-1
2 x 108 ms-1
vm = 1.5
3.Real Depth and Apparent Depth The refraction of light gives us a false
impression of depth.
Example:
A) The fish in the pond appears to be closer to
the surface than it actually is.
n = Real depth , H
Apparent depth, h
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
Explanation:
Experiment to investigate the relationship between the Experiment to investigate the relationship between
angle of incidence and the angle of refraction. real depth and apparent depth.
Hypothesis: Hypothesis:
The angle of refraction ………………. as the angle of The apparent depth …………………..as the real depth
incidence ……………………… ………………………..
.
Aim of the experiment : Aim of the experiment :
To investigate the relationship between
…………………………. and …………………….. To investigate the relationship between
……………….and the …………………………………..
Variables in the experiment: Variables in the experiment:
Glass block, ray box, white paper protactor, power Pin, ruler, water, retort stand ,tall beaker
supply .
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
Check Yourself:
Objective Question:
1 When light travels from one medium to another, 4 Figure shows a light ray travelling from medium
refraction take place. Refraction is caused by the R to medium S.
change in the
A A fish in pond appears nearer to the surface Which of the following diagrams correctly shows
of the water the path of the light ?
B The sunlight reaches to the earth in a curve
[ Medium P denser medium and Medium Q less
path
dense ]
C A ruler appears to bend at the water surface.
D The sea water appear in blue colour
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
A Angle of incidence
Angle of refraction
B Apparent depth
Real depth
C Speed of light in vacuum
Speed of light in the medium
7 The diagram shows a light ray travels from liquid
L to liquid M.
A 44.4o
B 45.6o
What is the refrective index of the glass?
C 54.5o
A Sin S B Sin P D 55.4o
Sin Q Sin R E 58.9o
C Sin Q D Sin R
Sin R Sin S
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
12 The diagram shows a light of ray travels from the 15 The diagram shows a coin is put at the base of
air into a glass block. the beaker. The image of the coin appears to be 5
cm from the base of the beaker.
A 0.1 m B 0.3 m
C 0.9 m D 1.1 m
E 1.6 m
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
Section A
(Paper 2)
Structure Question:
DIAGRAM 3.1 ii. Calculate the angle that this new path makes with
[2 ma
RS and label the angle. [1 mark]
[ 2 marks]
water
Light ray
Lamp
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
2. An observer is looking at a piece of coin at the 3. Figure(a) shows an object in a small pond. The
bottom of a glass filled with water as shown in depth of the water in the pond is H. The image of
Diagram 3. He found that the image of the coin is
nearer to the surface of the water. the objet appears to be h from water surface.
[
2
m
a
r
Figure(a)
k
s
]
(a) State the relationship between H and h
....................................................................
(a)(i) State a characteristic of image in
Diagram 3. (1 mark)
1 (2 marks)
1
]
(ii) Name the science phenomenon
involve in the observation above.
[1 mark]
1
]
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2010
Section B (Paper 2)
Essay Question
ii. Observe Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) carefully.
1. Figure 4(a) shows a pencil placed in a glass of Compare the common characteristics of the pencil
water. Figure 4(b) shows the appearance of print and the print before and after they are removed
viewed from the top of a thick block of glass placed from the water and the glass block respectively.
over it. Use a physics concept to explain the appearance
pencil Glass block of the pencil and the print in water and under the
glass block respectively.
[5 marks]
water
Answer:
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
5.3
UNDERSTANDING TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
What is meant by Total internal reflection is the complete reflection of light ray travelling from a …………………
total internal to a .................................medium.
reflection?
Total: because 100% of light is reflected
Internal: because it happens inside the glass or denser medium.
What is meant by The critical angle, c, is defined as the angle of incidence (in the denser medium) when the angle
critical angle ,c? of refraction (in the denser medium), r is 90°.
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
2. Rainbow
When sunlight shines on millions of
water droplets in the air after rain, a
multi coloured arc can be seen.
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Answer:
1.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
…………………………………………..
2.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
……………………………………………
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
1.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
2.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
1. .................................................................
2. .................................................................
.................................................................
3. .................................................................
.................................................................
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
4. .................................................................
.................................................................
Check Yourself:
Objective Question:
1 A ray of red light travelling in glass strikes the [ Refractive index of medium X = 1.3
glass-air boundary . Some light is reflected and Refractive index of medium Y = 1.5 ]
some is refracted. Which diagram shows the paths
of the rays?
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Which of the following is correct? 10 The diagram shows a light ray, P, directed into a
glass block. The critical angle of the glass is 42o.
A The angle of reflection is 55o In which direction does the light move from point
B The critical angle of medium M less than 35o Q?
C Density of medium M less than the density
of medium N
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
A 5 B 12
12 13
C 13 D 5
12 13
E 13
5
19 The figure shows a ray of light AO traveling in
Answer:
medium X strikes the medium X-air boundary.
[ The refractive index of medium X = 1.12 ] 1 11
2 12
3 13
4 14
5 15
6 16
7 17
8 18
9 19
In which direction does the light move from O ? 10 20
A OE B OD
C OC D OB
A Prism binocular
B Mirror periscope
C Optical fibre
D Road mirage
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Puddle of water
Figure 4
DIAGRAM 1
(a) (i) Name the light phenomenon observed in
optical fibre?
a) Which part of the air is denser?
…………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ] ( 1 mark )
(ii) Compare the refractive index of outer
layer X and inner core Y. b) Name a phenomena of light that always depends
on the air density when light travels from the sky to
the earth before it reaches point X.
[ 1 mark ]
…………………………………………………………
( 1 mark )
(b) The refractive index of inner core Y is 2.10.
Calculate the critical angle of the inner core
Y. c) i) What is the phenomenon occurring at point X
……………………………………………………..…
[ 2 marks ] (1 mark )
…………………………………………………………
( 1 mark )
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
( 2 marks )
…………………………………………………………
( 1 mark )
Glass
object
prism
tctct
Eye
e
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
5.4
U N D E R S T A N D I N G L E N S E S
Introduction
Lenses are made of …………………..material such as glass or clear plastics.
Types of lenses (a) …………………lens, also known as (b) ………………lens, also known as
converging lens. diverging lens.
It …………………….at the centre of the lens. It is ………………….at the centre of the lens.
When light ray which are parallel and close to When light rays are parallel to the principle
the principle axis …….. on a convex lens, they axis …… on a concave lens., they are ………..
are ………… and ............... to a point, F on the and appear to …………. from the ……………
principle axis. This point is a ………….. of the on the principle axis.
convex lens.
Common 1. The focal point, F is a point on the …………………….where all rays are ……………….and
terminology of ……………………..to the axis that ………………………to it after passing through a convex
reflection of light lens, or appear to ………………………..from it after passing through a concave lens.
on a curved mirror
2. The focal length, f is the distance between the …………………and the ………………….
3. The optical centre, C is the geometric centre of the lens. It is the point through which light
rays pass through without ……………………………
4. The principle axis is the line passing through the optical centre, C.
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Rule 2:
A ray passing through the focal point is
refracted parallel to the principle axis.
Rule 3:
A ray passing through the optical
centre, C travels straight without
bending.
Images form by Using the principles of construction of ray diagram, complete the ray diagrams for each of the
convex lens cases shown below:
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Construction rules
of concave lens Ray 1:
A ray parallel to the principle axis is refracted
1
as if it appears coming from the focal point, F
which is located at the same side of the
2 incident ray.
3 Ray 2:
A ray passing through the focal point is
refracted parallel to the principle axis.
Ray 3:
A ray passing through the optical centre, C
travels straight without bending.
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
f = focal length
The linear
magnification , m
define as:
Where
f = focal length
u = object distance
v = image distance
m = linear magnification
Lens Formula
ho = object height
hi = image height
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Meaning of real A real imge is one which can be cast on a A virtual imge is one which cannot be cast on a
image and virtual screen. screen.
image
Check Yourself:
Objective Question:
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
6 Diagram shows light rays passing through a 10 Figure shows four light rays A,B,C and D passing
convex lens . through a convex lens. F is the focal point of the
length. Which of the following path of the light
rays is not correct?
A Image distance
B Object distance
C Focal length 11 What is the power of a convex lens which has a
D Optical length focal length 50 cm ?
A less than f
9 The diagram shows an image ,I is formed by a B between f and 2f
concave lens. C same as 2f
Where is the position of the object?
D more than 2f
A parallel
B converge
C diverge
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
A magnified,virtual,upright
B diminished,virtual,upright
Which of the following characteristics of the C magnified,real,inverted
image is not correct when u is 10 cm ,15 cm , 35 D diminished,real,inverted
cm and 45 cm from the lens?
u / cm Characteristics of the image 21 An object is placed at 18.0 cm from a convex
lens of focal length 20.0 cm.
A 10 Virtual and bigger What is the the characteristics of image ?
B 15 Virtual and bigger
C 35 Real and smaller A virtual, upright and magnified
D 45 Real and smaller B real, inverted and magnified
C virtual ,upright and diminished
17 An object is placed 25 cm in front of a convex D real, inverted and diminished
lens and its image is formed at infinity. If the
object is placed 20 cm in front of the lens , the 22 A lens is placed between a light bulb and a
image is secreen. The distance between the light bulb and
screen is 60.0 cm. The position of the lens is
A inverted adjusted until the size of the image is same as the
B smaller than object size of the object.
C formed on the same side as the object What is the type and the focal lenghth of the
lens?
18 The diagram shows an object ,O is placed in front
of a convex lens produced an image , I. Type of lens Focal length
A Convex lens 30 cm
B Convex lens 15 cm
C Concave lens 30 cm
D Concave lens 15 cm
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
23 An object is placed at a distance 10 cm in front of 27 A convex lens with a focal length of 20.0 cm to
a convex lens of power 5D. form an image which is 2 times the size of the
What is the image distance and the characteristic object. What is the object distance?
of the image?
A 10.0 cm B 15.0 cm
Image distance Characteristic of the image C 30.0 cm D 40.0 cm
A 10.0 cm Virtual image E 60.0 cm
B 10.0 cm Real image
C 20.0 cm Virtual image 28 An object of height 5 cm is placed at 15 cm from
D 20.0 cm Real image a convex lens of focal length 10.0 cm.
What is the image height?
24 An object is placed at a distance 80 cm in front of
a concave lens of focal length 20 cm. A 5 cm B 10 cm
What is the image distance and the characteristic C 15 cm D 20 cm
of the image? E 25 cm
Image distance Characteristic of the image
29 An object of height 6.0 cm is placed at 8 cm
A 16.0 cm same side of the lens as the from a convex lens of power 50 D.
object What is the image height?
B 16.0 cm the other side of the lens as A 2 cm B 4 cm
the object C 5 cm D 6 cm
C 26.7 cm same side of the lens as the E 8 cm
object
D 26.7 cm the other side of the lens as 30 A convex lens is used to produce a real,
the object magnified and inverted image. What is the effect
on the image produced when the upper portion of
25 The diagram shows an image I of an object O is the lens is covered by a coin ?
formed by a convex lens.
A The upright image is formed
B The size of the image is reduced
C The brightness of the image is
reduced
What is the linear magnification of the image? 31 The diagram shows a graph of object distance,u
against image distance ,v of the lens.
A 0.5 B 1.0
C 3.0 D 4.0
E 5.0
32 The diagram shows a graph of image distance,v (a) State the light phenomenon that causes the
against linear magnification ,m of the lens. image FIZIK to be enlarged.
………………………………………………
(1 mark)
(b) What is the change size of the image if the
water is replaced with a transparent liquid of
a greater density?
Section A
(Paper 2)
Structure Question:
(ii) State the characteristics of the image. (b) If the object is now placed in front of the
lens, an image which is 4 times the size of
the object is formed.
............................................................
(2 marks) (i) Calculate the object distance.
(b) Determine the linear magnification (2 marks)
...................................................................
(d) What is the effect on the image produced
(d) What will happen to the characteristis of the when the lower portion of the lens is covered
image when by a card? (1 mark)
(i) the convex lens is replaced by a
concave lens of focal length 15.0 cm.
................................................................
............................................................
(2 marks)
............................................................
(2 marks)
(a) Determine,
(i) the focal length of the lens
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
5.5
THE USES OF LENSES IN OPTICAL DEVICES
Introduction There are many types of optical devices used lenses such as magnifying glass, microscope,
telescope, camera and slide projector etc. For every types of the devices we must learn about the
uses of the instruments, lens characteristics is used, normal adjustment of the instruments , ray
diagrams and the characteristics of the final image which are formed .
1. Compound Microscope
Give the use of a A microscope is used to observe and magnify tiny objects such as bacteria.
compound
microscope.
Draw a diagram to
describe the
formation of
image formed by
microscope.
1. It consist of two powerful ………………….lenses of short focal length (5.0 cm-10.0 cm)
2. The lens which receives light rays from the objects is called the …………………lens. The
lens which is used for viewing the final image is called the………………….. lens.
3. The focal length of the objective lens is fo whereas the focal length of the eyepiece lens is fe.
4. The object is placed at a distance between …………………..so that the imaged formed
is……………….., …………………and …………………….in front of the eyepiece lens.
5. The position of the eyepiece lens is adjusted until the position of the first image is less than fo
from the eyepiece lens.
Define the
characteristics of The final image formed …………………… ,……………………..and ………………………
the image formed
by objective lens o
microscope.
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
2. Magnifying glass
Give the use of a A microscope is used to observe and magnify tiny objects such as bacteria.
compound
microscope.
Draw a diagram to
describe the
formation of
image formed by
microscope.
Define the
characteristics of The image formed is …………………, …………………..and………………………...
the image formed
by objective lens o
microscope.
3. Astronomical Telescope
Give the use of a A microscope is used to observe and magnify tiny objects such as bacteria.
compound
microscope.
Draw a diagram to
describe the
formation of
image formed by
microscope.
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Define the
characteristics of The first image formed is at focal point of the objective lens Fo.It is ……………, ……………….
the image formed and ................................
by objective lens o
microscope. The final image formed is at ………………………………
4. Slide Projector
Draw a diagram to
describe the
formation of
image formed by
microscope.
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Define the
characteristics of Upright, real , magnified
the image formed
by objective lens
of microscope.
5. Camera
Draw a diagram to
describe the
formation of
image formed by
microscope.
Check Yourself:
Objective Question:
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
4 Which of the following is true concerning the 9 A telescope has two convex lens of power 4.0 D
operation of a compound microscope? and 20.0D respectively.
Which of the following is true?
A The focal length of objective lens greater
than the focal length of eyepiece Linear Distance between the
B Both objective lens and eyepiece has a high magnification lens /cm
power. A 5 24.0
C The characteristics of final image are B 5 30.0
magnified, upright and virtual C 4 30.0
D 4 24.0
5 The characteristics of image is formed by the E 0.2 16.0
objective lens of a microscope are
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
Answer:
1 11 (c) State two differences between telescope and
2 12 microscope by completing the table below.
3 13
4 14 Telescope Microscope
5 15
6 16
7 17
8 18
9 19
10 20
Section A
(Paper 2)
Structure Question: 2 The diagram shows the arrangement of the lenses
in a telescope. The power of lens A and lens B are
1 The diagram shows the arrangement of the lenses 0.5 D and 5D respectively.
in a compound microscope.
(a) Complete the ray diagram in the diagram (a) Why do the light rays PQ and RS are
above. parallel? (1 mark)
Answer:
………………………………………….
..........................................................
..........................................................
(b) State the characteristics of the final image
formed. (c) What is the distance between lens A and lens
(1 mark) B? (2marks)
..................................................................
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Physics Module Form 4 Chapter 5 - Light GCKL 2011
...................................................................
..........................................................
..................................................................
………………………………………………
(c) State the characteristics of the final image
formed.. (2 marks)
..................................................................
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