Unit 1 What Are Hydrocarbons? How Do They Act?What Are Hydrocarbons—How Do They Act? is about what goes on in the units. It begins by explaining the nature of oil, how it is. made up and what happens to its structure when it is cracked or reformed, Next it discusses the different properties of oil, giving special attention to those properties often referred to or measured in the refining process. The final sections are devoted to explanations of sensible heat, latent heat, vapor pressure and partial pressure. These sections form @ review of the basic principles which underlie the distil- lation process, and are presented as background for future sections of the program which will explain the actual practical operation of distillation units. How Distillation Works is about the process of distillation and how it works. The unit is designed to develop, logically, the knowledge of the distillation process from the elementary shell still through to the mechanisms of reflux, reboiling, and side- stream drawing of the sophisticated fractionator. An important section describes the temperature profile of the tower in distillation, showing the nature of the flow of liquid and vapors in the tower, and the reasons for the flow. The final section is a review and summary of the entire distillation process.HERE ARE SOME SAMPLE ITEMS TO GIVE YOU PRACTICE WITH “PROGRAMED LEARNING.” First, we say something, like this: “A program may look very much like a test, or exami- nation, but it is not a test.” Next, we ask you for an interpretation, or we say more about what we have just said but leave something out for you to fill in, like this: “A program is not a 7 Next, you fll in the blank, and then move down the mask at the right to see if your answer is correct. If your answer is wrong, review until you can see why it is wrong, and then go on to the next item. If your answer is right, go on at once. Instead of a blank to fill in, we may give ‘you a choice of two answers. Cirele or underline the right one. “No one grades you on the answers you give in studying a program. However, filling in all the answers is impor- tant for your own learning and remembering. “It (is/is not) important to fill in all the answers as you study a program.” Here is one more example: “A program permits you to study at your own rate of speed. Take time to read each item carefully, because skimming and guessing make for poor learning. “In studying a program, it is (helpful/wasteful) to give each item close attention.” Notice that the left-hand pages from here on are printed upside down. The program is designed s0 that you will go through all the right-hand pages first, and then turn the book upside down and go through the other pages. Now, go on to Page 2 and begin. (1) Before beginning, cover this column with the mask. test helpful