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KIMIA
TINGKATAN 4
1. You are given two white substance labelled X and Y. The substance is urea while the
other one is a naphthol .
Andadiberiduabahanberwarnaputih yang berlabel X dan Y. Satubahanialah urea
manakalasatulagiialahnaftol.
Describe an experiment to identify the identity of X and Y using physical methods.
Huraikansatueksperimenuntukmengenalpasti identity bahan X dan Y
menggunakankaedahfizikal.
You are given the following information:
Andadiberimaklumatberikut:
Substance / Bahankimia Melting point / Takatlebur (oC)
Urea 132
Naftol 95
[Jisim atom relatif: N=14; H=1; O=16 dan 1 mol gas menempatiisipadu
24dm3padasuhudantekananbilik]
(a) Construct equation for the decomposition of sodium azide.
Bina persamaankimiabagipenguraiannatriumazida. [2marks]
(b) In an accident, an air bag fills with 72dm3 of nitrogen at room temperature and
pressure. What is the mass of sodium azide needed to provide 72dm3 of nitrogen?
Dalamsuatukemalangan, beg udaramengandungi 72dm3 gas nitrogen
padasuhudantekananbilik. Berapakahjisimnatriumazida yang
diperlukanuntukmenghasilkan 72dm3 gas nitrogen?
[3 marks]
(c) Sodium azide, NaN3 reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride
and compound A. Compound A contains 2.33% of hydrogen and 97.7% of nitrogen
by mass.
Natrium azida NaN3
bertindakbalasdenganasidhidroklorikcairuntukmenghasilkannatriumkloridadansebatia
n A. Sebatian A mengandungi 2.33% hydrogen dan 97.7% nitrogen
berdasarkanjisim.
[4 marks]
(ii) Constuct the equation for the reaction between sodium azide and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
Bina persamaanbagitindakbalasantaranatriumazidadanasidhidroklorikcair.
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
Rajah 1
(b) With reference to the number of protons in the periodic Table, explain why the
gas X exists as a monoatomic gases while oxygen gas exists as a diatomic
gases.
Dengan merujuk kepada bilangan proton dalam Jadual Berkala, terangkan
mengapa gas X wujud sebagai gas monoatom sedangkan gas oksigen wujud
sebagai gas dwiatom
(7 markah )
(c) Sea water containing sodium chloride. Explain the formation of bond between
sodium atom and chlorine atom.
In your description, state the type of bond and draw the electron arrangement
of the compund formed
Apart from soluble in water, state one another physical properties of sodium
chloride
Selain daripada larut dalam air, nyatakan satu sifat fizik lain bagi natrium
klorida
(10 markah )
BAB 6 ELEKTROKIMIA
(a) A group of students were given a task by their teacher to carry out an experiment to
determine the electrical conductivity of three substances X, Y and Z.
Sekumpulanpelajartelahdiberikantugasanoleh guru
merekauntukmenjalankaneksperimenuntukmenentukankekonduksianelektrikbagitigabahanX, Y danZ.
Results of the experiment are shown in Diagram 1.1
Keputusaneksperimenditunjukkandalam Rajah 1.1.
[10 marks]
Answer
1.X - glucose solution / (any suitable covalent compound)
2.Y – solid sodium chloride / (any suitable ionic compound in solid state )
3.Z – sodium chloride solution / (any suitable ionic compound in aqueous state)
4. X cannot conduct electricity
5. because X consist of molecule//has no free moving ions
6. Y cannot conduct electricity
7. Because the ions in Y cannot move freely
8. Z can conduct electricity
9.Because the ions in Z move freely
10.
electrolyte Non electrolyte
z X, y
Gold electroplating, when used in jewellery manufacturing, allows the manufacturer to provide the
market with jewellery that appears to be made of pure gold at a cheaper price as the jewellery is
only plated with gold.
Penyaduranlogamemasapabiladigunakandalampembuatanbarangkemasmemberikanpengilanguntu
kmemasarkanbarangkemasseolah-olahdibuatdaripadaemastulentetapidijualpadaharga yang
lebihrendahdisebabkanbarangkemasdisadurkandenganemas.
Reffering to the above statement, describe an experiment in the laboratory how to electroplate an
iron ring with gold. Include a labeled diagram in your description.
Merujukkepadapernyataan di atas,
huraikansatueksperimendalammakmalbagaimanauntukmenyadurcincinbesidenganemas.
Sertakangambar rajah berlabeldalamhuraiananda.
[10 marks]
Answer
(a) What are the ingredients of food additives is added in the red meat?
Apakahjenisbahantambahmakanan yang ditambahkandalamdagingtersebut?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation that involved when the red meats are grilled?
Tuliskanpersamaankimiaseimbang yang terlibatapabilasekepingdagingdipanggang
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(c) Based on the equation verify the present of the gas released
Berdasarkanpersamaandiatassahkankehadiran gas yang terbebas
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(d) Explain the harmful effect of consuming the chemicals P in long terms.
Terangkankesanmerbahayapengambilanbahankimia P tersebutdalamjangkamasa
yang panjang.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
2. Different substances have different levels of acidity or alkalinity. The pH scale which
ranged from 0 to 14 is used to indicate the degree of acidity and alkalinity of
substances. The pH values for daily common substances are shown in Diagram 1
Bahan yang berbezamempunyaitahapkeasidandankealkalianbahan. Skala pH
mempunyainilaidari 0 ke 14. Nilai pH bagikeperluanharianditunjukkan di Rajah 1.
Based on Diagram 1,
Berdasarkan Rajah 1,
(a) State the formula of ions that enable the substances to show its acidic and alkaline
property.
Nyatakan formula bagi ion yang membolehkanbahan-
bahantersebutmenunjukkansifatkeasidandankealkalian.
Acidic:___________________________________________________________
Keasidan:________________________________________________________
Alkaline:_________________________________________________________
Kealkalian: _______________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) How does the ions that you have stated in (a) affect pH value of the substances?
Bagaimanakah ion-ion yang andanyatakan di (a) mempengaruhinilai pH bahan-
bahantersebut?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c)
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(i) Based on the situation in Diagram 2, which substance in Diagram 2 you would
suggest the student to solve the problem?
Give reason for your answer.
Berdasarkansituasidalam Rajah 2, bahanmanakahdalam Rajah 2 yang
akanandacadangkankepadapelajartersebutuntukmenyelesaikanmasalahnya?
Berialasankepadajawapananda.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) The student found there was a piece of magnesium ribbon on the floor that
started dissolving and fizzing as the acid ran over it.
Explain the observation.
Pelajaritukemudiannyamendapatisekeping pita magnesium di
ataslantaisedangmelarutdanmendesisapabilaterkenaasid yang mengalir.
Terangkanpemerhatiantersebut.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
3.
Lim Seng was playing in the playground with his friends. While playing suddenly a bee
came and stung his hand. He went to home and told his mother. She apply substance Y
that was found in the bathroom on Lim Seng hand. Suggest substance Y that his mother
applied on his hand. Explain your answer.
Lim Seng bermainbersamarakan-rakannya di tamanpermainan. Semasabermain,
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
4.
Shell of the snail is made of compound X. Compound X is an ionic compound which can
react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Cengkerangsiputdibuatdaripadasebatian X. Sebatian X adalahsebatianionik yang
bolehbertindakbalassdenganasidhidroklorikcair.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
5.
Diagram 3 / Rajah 3
Suggest solution X which can be easily found in the kitchen and explain the
observation. Write a chemical equation to show the reaction.
Cadangkanlarutan X yang mudahdidapati di dapurdanterangkanpemerhatian yang
berlaku. Tuliskanpersamaankimiabagitindakbalas yang berlaku.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
Why the frame of a racing bicycle cannot be made of steel? Give a suggestion and
explain which material is most suitable to be used as a frame.
Mengapakah rangka basikal ini tidak sesuai dibina daripada besi keluli? Berikan satu
cadangandan terangkan bahan yang manakah paling sesuai digunakan sebagai
rangka basikal.
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
[6 marks]
2. John pours hot water into a glass bottle. Then, he puts the bottle into a refrigerator.
After two hours, he discovered that the bottle is cracked. Explain the situation based
on the properties of glass.
John menuang air panas ke dalam sebuah botol kaca. Kemudian, dia masukkan botol
tersebut ke dalam peti sejuk. Selepas dua jam, dia mendapati botol tersebut retak.
Terangkan keadaan tersebut berdasarkan sifat-sifat bagi kaca
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………………
[6 marks
JAWAPAN:
https://cikguadura.wordpress.com/
Soalan Jawapan Markah
1 (a) Apparatus: boiling tube , and clamp foot retort , furnace tripod
, Bunsen burner , wire gauze , thermometer , beaker 500ml
and stopwatch .
Radas: tabungdidih, kaki retort danpengepit, tungku kaki tiga,
penunu Bunsen, kasadawai, thermometer, bikar500ml dan
jam randik.
(a) Procedure
Prosedur:
Result/ keputusan:
Suhu (oC)
(c)
Element H N
Unsur
Mass/g 2.33 97.7 1
Jisim/g
Number of mole . .
= 2.33 = 6.98 1
Bilanganmol
Simplest ratio . .
=1 =3
. .
Nisbahteringkas
1
Empirical formula = HN3
JAWAPAN
2. (a) Helium 1
Ringan 1 3
Lengai/tidak bertindak balas secara kimia 1
Ion natrium dan ion klorida tertarik antara satu sama lain 1
oleh daya tarikan elektrostatik yang kuat
10
Rajah
1+1
JUMLAH 20
JAWAPAN:
Soalan Jawapan Markah
1 (a) Preservatives / Pengawet 1
(b) The higher the concentration of H+, the lower the pH value 1
The higher the concentration of OH-, the higher the pH value. 1
Semakintinggikepekatan H+, semakinrendahnilaipH.
Semakintinggikepekatan OH-, semakintingginilaipH.
Deliver the gas released into a test tube containing lime water 1
Menyalurkan gas terbebaskedalamtabunguji yang mengandungi
air kapur.
A glass bottle is made from soda lime glass. Soda lime glass 3
contains silicon dioxide, sodium oxide and calcium oxide.
2
Botolkacadiperbuatdaripadakaca soda kapurmengandungi silicon
dioksida, natriumoksidadankalsiumoksida.
3 4
Soda lime glass has low melting point, a low thermal expansion,
does not withstand heat and cracks easily with sudden change in
temperature.
Kaca soda kapurmempunyaitakatlebur yang rendah,
pengembangantermal yang rendah,
tidakbolehtahanpanasdanmudahpecahapabilaberlakuperubahansuhu
yang mendadak.