Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Always asymptomatic
Thyroplasty
Given by isshika
Mc afee: stenosis
Levanson criteria:
Congenital cholestoma
Tracheostomy
Bjork's flap
Inferior side
Nose
pH of nose: neutral
Ant ethmoidal
Middle ethmoid
Capacity: 15 ml
Foramen of Breschet
FESS
Back to FESS
Endoscopy is always done from medial wall of sinus( lateral wall of nasal
cavity)
12 important terms
Onodi cell: posterior most cell of ethmoidal sinus, optic nerve very close
Hiatus semilunaris
Radix is the uppermost edge of the nasal bone or root of the nose
Malignancies
PNS
Mc site: frontal
Site : maxillary
Maxillary sinus ca
Maxillary cell Ca
Ohgren's. Lederman's
facial fracture
zygomatic arch
Gurein fracture
Total possible: 3
Class 3: multidirectional
Rhinophyma
Mx of choice: surgery
Rhinoscleroma
Protozoal infection
Rhino Seebri
Doc: dapsone
Other mulberry
Nasal polyposis
Focus on age
3. Is 5 cm in front of nasion
Rhinitis
Hypertrophic rhinitis
If everything atrophied,
Atrophic rhinitis
Nerve fibre
Merciful anosmia
Sodium:
Bicarbonate
Biborate
Chloride
1:1:2
Alkaline solution
Drug induced
Anti hypertensive:
Anti cholinesterase:
OCP's:
Another pt.
Rhinitis medicamentosa
Another pt.
Nerves involved
Sinusitis
Adult: maxillary
Pediatric: ethmoid
M: 4 month
E: 1 year
F: 6
S: 4
ENT infections
Fungal ball
Bony destruction
Sinusitis
Major
A: anosmia
B: blockage
C: congestion
D: discharge
F: facial pain(acute)
F: fever
Minor
Halitosis
Fever( chronic)
Complications
Mucocoele
Pyocoele
Osteomyelitis
CSF rhinorrhea
Single ring sign: CSF, non traumatic CSF rhinorrhea aka dot sign
IOC: CT
Epistaxis
Arteries
For septum
All same
Area of epistaxis
Mx of epistaxis
Trotters method
Columellar
Membranous
Septum proper
Major are
Vomer
Qudrangular cartilage
Inferior turbinate
Septum
Osmia: small
Geusia: taste
Olfactory esthenioneuroblastoma
Pharynx
1. Mucosa
Diffuse: vertebral
TOC: I and D
Boundary:
Abscess on the lateral wall of pharynx from base of skull to hyoid bone
Post styloid: carotid artery, jugular vein, last four CN( 9,10,11,12)
Ludwig abscess
Submandibular abscess
This space is between the floor of the mouth and deep cervical fascia
Myohyoid ms passes
Diabetes
Woody
Angiofibroma. Nasopharyngeal ca
Tonsils
Anatomy of tonsil
Styloid process
Tonsillitis/ pharyngitis
Adeno virus
625 mg adult
375 mg children
Tonsillectomy
Rose position
Indication of tonsillectomy
Absolute
Recurrent attacks
7 into 1
Relative indications
Misc indications
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
Contraindications:
Hb less than 10
Epidemic of polio
Bleeding of disorder
Complications
Venous bleed
Descending palatine vein aka peri tonsillar vein aka Dennis brown vein
Second source is
Reactionary haemorrhage
In first 24 hours
Religate the pt
Secondary haemorrhage
Infection
IV antibiotics
Grisel syndrome
Facial nerve
Exits from BS
Intracranial
Extra cranial
Amplifier gone
Due to
Canal atresia
Canal stenosis
Stimulator/ receiver
Severe deafness
Neural deafness
High power hearing aid is the first step in all deafness pt.
Important point
Traumatic perforation
Maxillary conditions