Equipment Design PDMS

Version 11.
Module 4
Equipment Design
Training Manual
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Contents
1 Session 1....................................................................1
The Principles of Building ................................................................................1
Objectives........................................................................................................1
Must Know Points............................................................................................1

Equipment........................................................................................................2
Primitives.........................................................................................................2
PDMS Names..................................................................................................3
Creating Equipment.........................................................................................3
Default Axes.....................................................................................................4
Equipment and Primitive Orientation...............................................................4
Creating Primitives...........................................................................................4
Setting Attributes.............................................................................................4
Size Attributes (Primitives)...............................................................................5
Positioning.......................................................................................................6
Positioning Using P-Points............................................................................10
Orientation.....................................................................................................10
Orientate>Axes..............................................................................................11
Orientate>Rotate...........................................................................................12
Orientate>Primitive>Point..............................................................................12
Other PDMS Attributes..................................................................................13
LEVEL Attributes...........................................................................................13
Obstruction Attributes....................................................................................13
PDMS Units...................................................................................................14
Exercise 1
.......................................................................................................................15
Correcting errors using Model Editor.............................................................16
Summary of design errors.............................................................................19
2 Session 2....................................................................1
Building the Basic Structure.............................................................................1
Objectives........................................................................................................1
Must Know Points............................................................................................1
Exercise 2 (Create the Site, Zones and Base)................................................2
What You Will Be Expected to Do!..................................................................2
Exercise 3 (Create Pump P1501A).................................................................6
Exercise 4 (Copying Equipment).....................................................................9
Create Pumps P1502A & B...........................................................................10
Exercise 5 (Create Heat Exchangers)...........................................................11
Exercise 6 (Create/E1301)............................................................................12
Creating Equipment from individual primitives..............................................12
Exercise 7 (Create /C1101)...........................................................................15
Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 Contents-i

Using Model Editor to Rotate a Nozzle typically N10....................................16
Using Model Editor to Position Nozzle N12...................................................16
Exercise 8 (Create /D1201)...........................................................................19
3 Appendix A..................................................................1
The PDMS Primitives.........................................................................................1
4 Appendix B..................................................................1
Simple Plant........................................................................................................1
Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 Contents-ii

1 Session 1
The Principles of Building
This module includes all the fundamentals of Equipment building including positioning and
orientation both by attribute manipulation manually, but also using graphical picking which
also introduces event driven graphics. The fundamentals learnt here are projected later for
piping design so it’s worth taking time to make sure trainees fully understand all the topics.
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
• Create equipment elements.
• Know how to create, position, orientate and connect primitives.
• Know how to modify elements and manipulate attributes.
• Understand the principles of graphical hits to modify elements
• Manipulate the graphical representation of elements.
Must Know Points

The following points need to be understood by the trainees
• How to create equipment and primitive elements.
• How to manipulate and check position and orientation of the above.
• How to manipulate graphical representation and set obst and lev attributes of
primitives.
Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04 1

Equipment
Equipment items consist of a collection of PDMS primitives, arranged in such a way that they
physically model the real life object to some degree. When you build equipment, you need to
decide how you want to model the object, just as you would if you were building a plastic
model. The only difference in PDMS terms is that you model the object at full size rather
than working to a scale.
Primitives
In order to build an equipment item, you first need to decide what types of primitives to use.
As an example, the simple storage vessel shown below could be constructed from a cylinder
for the main body, two dishes for the ends, two boxes for the support legs and a nozzle for
the piping connection.
All of these ‘building blocks’ are selected from the list of available PDMS primitives. These
are described in detail in Appendix A.
At the same time as you choose the primitives you want to use you must also consider the
position of the equipment origin.
Once you have decided on how you want to represent an equipment, that is, what primitives
you want to use, the next stage is to begin creating each primitive in turn.
There are other facilities in PDMS, which allow you to model items in varying degrees of
detail for different levels of viewing; we will look at these later in the session.
The following topics are selected from the Design>Equipment bar menu, as shown below
or from their submenus. The command path will be shown i.e. Position>Explicitly (At).
2 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

PDMS Names
Any element in the PDMS database may be named. Names enable you to identify elements
and to produce meaningful reports from the database. Which elements you attach names to
is a matter of choice, but in general you would be expected to name all major design items
such as Equipment, Nozzles, Pipes and Valves.
Conventionally, for equipment, you would probably name the main equipment and all of its
nozzles. Nozzles usually carry the equipment name plus a suffix to identify the specific
nozzle. For example nozzle 1 of an equipment called /E1101 would probably be called
/E1101-N1 or /E1101/N1 or simply /E1101/1. Whatever names you apply, the name
convention is usually defined in the project specification used for the project you are working
on. It is probable that the project will have autonaming rules set up for items such as nozzles
so that the project conventions are followed in every detail.
Attaching names to elements may be done in a number of ways. If you are using the PDMS
applications menus, most creation forms offer you an opportunity to name the element you
are creating. If you forget to name an element, or want to change a name, then you can use
the Modify>Name. . . menu to change or set a new name.
All of the application forms allow you to input a name without the preceding slash (/)
character. This is because the system adds this automatically during the command
processing.
Creating Equipment
When you want to create new elements in the system, you can either use the Equipment
application or commands at the command line. Creating elements using the equipment
applications can be done in several ways.
For equipment itself, you can either use the Create>Equipment menu to create an empty
equipment element, or you can select one of the standard items by selecting the
Create>Standard option on the bar menu. The Create>Equipment option presents you
with a form for the name, position and certain other attributes while the Create>Standard
option takes you through a series of steps, which allow you to build a parameterised
equipment based on a specification of standard equipment types. During the course, you will
use both the Create>Equipment and the Create>Standard options.
Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 3

The Axis System

After you have decided how to represent an equipment item with the appropriate primitives,
you need to consider both the orientation of the equipment itself and that of its primitives.
PDMS models are built in a 3D world, which allows you to position and orientate any
element. The axis system used in the 3D world relates to compass directions, as you would
expect in conventional plant design. Just as you use positions such as ‘NORTH4500
EAST3000 UP8000’ you can also use orientations like ‘NORTH 45 EAST’ or ‘UP 45 SOUTH
15 DOWN’. In PDMS, you need only give the first letter of these directions, i.e. N, S, E, W,
U, D, and you do not usually need spaces between the different co-ordinate directions; thus
N37.5 E27.3 U is a valid direction.
Default Axes
In PDMS, each element has a default orientation. If you refer to the primitives shown in
Appendix A, you will see that they all lie in a particular orientation with respect to the axis
system labelled X, Y and Z. These axes relate to the World co-ordinates as follows:
Z
X = EAST -X = WEST Y
Y = NORTH -Y = SOUTH
Z = UP -Z = DOWN
X
Equipment and Primitive Orientation

When you plan the layout of your equipment, you will need to make some decisions about
orientation. The first major decision will be to fix equipment north, that is, where north is in
relation to the equipment drawing. When you are considering this, it is usually best to try and
build the equipment in such a way that it does not need to be orientated within the Zone.
Primitives like boxes should be built such that their X, Y and Z lengths are aligned with the
default axis system not built in such a way that they need to be rotated from the default axis
system. Obviously, some primitives will need to be rotated, but if you try to keep these to a
minimum then any subsequent changes to the equipment will be easier.
Creating Primitives
After creating an equipment item, you need to know how to create primitives. Using the
Equipment application, you can select from the list of primitives given on the
Create>Primitives menu. Simply selecting the correct option creates each of the primitives
in this section. For example, if you select a box, the box creation form is shown on the
screen and you are invited to enter the appropriate attributes. When you have filled in the
form, selecting OK creates the new box.
Setting Attributes
All new elements may need to have some or all of their attributes changed from their
defaults. The four main ones on a cylinder, for example, are:
HEIGHT
DIAMETER

POSITION
ORIENTATION
A new cylinder has, by default, zero length and diameter, so its HEIGHT and DIAMETER
attributes need to be set in order to give it size. After setting the size, you also need to set
position and orientation attributes. There are other PDMS attributes that may be changed.
We will now look at the different ways of setting or changing attributes.
Size Attributes (Primitives)

When you create new primitives using the equipment application, you automatically see
what attributes need setting from the form and its associated picture. The form gadgets
should be filled in with values for each of the attributes you want to set. When you select OK
on the creation form, you will get the shape and size of primitive you want. If at any time you
select the Cancel option, the process will be abandoned.
Sometimes, after you have created a primitive, you will want to change an attribute. This is
achieved by using the Modify>Attributes menu, and re-specifying the attributes you want to
change. Click on the attribute you want to change and this will display a form with the current
setting, which can now be modified. OK to return the value back to the Attributes menu.
Remember to OK the Attributes form.
Alternatively, you can re-specify any attribute directly from the command line by entering the
attribute type and its required setting. For example, the command “HEIGHT 200” sets the
HEIGHT attribute for the current element to 200mm.

Positioning
There are three ways of setting the position attribute, Explicitly, Relatively or by using the
Model Editor explained in the Basics & Functions manual.
Selecting Position>Explicitly (AT) will display the following two forms.
The first is the Positioning Control form. By default this appears at the top right on the main
menu bar but can be dragged to any position on the screen.
The Positioning Control Form (event-driven graphics) is shown automatically whenever you
need to pick positions in event-driven graphics mode. It lets you specify how your cursor
picks are to be interpreted as positions.
The form has two option lists from which you can make the required selections:
Option 1 Pick Type: Lets you control the types of items to which cursor picking will respond.
As you move the cursor over the 3D View, only items of the specified type will be highlighted
as the cursor passes over them. The identities of highlighted elements are shown in the
prompt bar, immediately above the graphical view.
The choices are:
Any: You can pick any element, aid, P-line or P-point.
Element: Picking is restricted to elements.
Aid: Picking is restricted to drawing aids.
P-line: Picking is restricted to structural P-lines.
P-point: Picking is restricted to P-points.
Screen: Lets you pick anywhere in the graphical view, which identifies two co-
ordinates. The third co-ordinate is taken from the current Working Plane.
Graphics: Lets you pick any graphical element (including aids, construction pins, etc.)
that is displayed in the view.
Option 2 Pick Method: Determines how the position will be derived from
subsequent cursor picks. The currently selected mode is
shown in the prompt bar.
Note: Most of these options are mainly applicable to Steelwork

The choices are:
Snap: Selects the snap point nearest to the cursor pick point.
Distance: Applies the offset value, which you enter in the adjacent text-box (e.g. 500
gives a point 500 mm from the nearest snap point, measured towards the
cursor position; –500 gives a point 500 mm from the nearest snap point,
measured away from the cursor position).
Mid-Point: Derives the mid-point between two snap points along a linear item
Fraction: Subdivides the distance between two snap points into a specified number of
parts (as entered in the adjacent text-box). Then derives the fractional
position closest to the cursor pick (e.g. 6 gives a point at the nearest sixth of
the distance along the line joining the first snap point to the second snap
point).

Proportion: Derives the point whose proportional position between two snap
points has been entered in the adjacent text-box (e.g. 0.25 gives a
point 25% along the line joining the first snap point to the second snap
point).
Intersect: Lets you to pick two lines (any directional items) or three planes and
then derives their intersection point.
Cursor: Places the derived point exactly where the cursor picks on the
element. The second form that is displayed is the Position At as
shown below.

This form lets you position an element either by typing in co-ordinates or by reference to the
position of another design item.
Use of the Datum option allows identification of the specific point on the element to which the
position is to apply, or to a Designate Position. If you choose the latter, you will be prompted
to pick the position on the element using any of the facilities provided by the Positioning
Control form.
To define a position explicitly, enter the required co-ordinates in the East/West, North/South
and Up/Down boxes, using the option buttons to set the appropriate direction in each case.
If necessary, use the, WRT (with respect to) box to identify the element whose co-ordinate
system is to be used for the Position data.
To define a position by reference to existing design items, use the Positioning Control form
and the cursor to identify the required positions by picking them in a graphical view.
If required, use the Lock buttons to fix the current co-ordinate along any axis.
To position another element, use the Select menu options to change the focus of the form.
Use the CE or Owner option if you have already navigated to the required item, or use the
Pick or Pick Owner option and then pick the required item when prompted.
The form will display the current position and you can then change any part of this by
entering new values. The position you give will be relative to the Datum, which may be the
Origin or a selected ID Design point.
Selecting Position>Relatively (BY)... will display the following menu, as well as the Position
control menu described earlier.

The values you give will position the item by that amount relative to its origin.
Positioning Using P-Points

All the PDMS primitives have a number of predefined points on their surfaces known as p–
points. For example, a cylinder has three p–points, P0 (the origin), P1 and P2 at either end.
P0 is normally used for general positioning whereas P1 and P2 are used for connecting or
positioning relatively.
P1
 Origin of the
element
 P0

Z
Y
P2 X
You can connect a p–point on the current element to any other p–point in the design. The
act of connecting both positions and orientates the current element such that the two
connected points are at the same position and facing each other.
Orientation
Like positioning, orientating items can be done in a number of ways. The Basics & Functions
manual explains how to rotate items using Model Editor as this is the preferred way to
orientate. However, for completeness, the next 2 pages explain the orientation available
using the application menus. They split orientation into different categories for safety

reasons, so that you do not inadvertently orient the equipment when you expected to orient
a primitive. The menus are split as follows:
Orientate>Axes
Orientate>Rotate
Orientate>Primitive>Point
Orientate>Axes
This option is used for orientating Equipment and Primitives. Some elements such as
SCTNs cannot be orientated using this form, and the system will signal an error and ignore
the command.
The default orientation for any element is Y is North and Z is Up. With this orientation, the X
axis can only be East. If we apply an orientation of Y is North 45 East, the Z axis is allowed
to take its default value, so in effect we have done a single axis orientation.

Orientate>Rotate
This option enables you to specify an angle of rotation about a given axis.
Orientate>Primitive>Point
This option allows you to orientate any of the p–points of your current element.

Other PDMS Attributes

When you create elements, the attributes you set are usually related to position, orientation
and size. Taking Equipment as an example, there are a number of other attributes relating to
the engineering data, which you may wish to set. These include:
Function
Design code
Paint specification
Insulation code
Below equipment level, all primitives have the two extra attributes LEVEL and
OBSTRUCTION. These relate to how PDMS sees the primitives both visually
LEVEL Attributes
The LEVEL attribute defines the range of detailing levels at which the primitive is visible. For
example, if you build an equipment item, you can display the primitives in layers 1-3, the
base in layers 5-7 and the nozzles in layer 8-10. An example of how this works in Steelwork
is that you might draw the centreline representation between, say, levels 0 and 5, and the full
section between levels 6 and 10. The levels visible in DESIGN determine the picture you
see. The current visible, levels are given by the Settings>Graphics>Representation menu.
Obstruction Attributes
All primitives in PDMS have an OBSTRUCTION attribute which can be set to 0, 1 or 2. This
is used by the clash-checking utility, to determine the types of clash that the element could
be involved in. The three values have the following meanings:
OBST = 0 Any clashes with this object will be ignored.
OBST = 1 The object is considered to be a soft obstruction.
OBST = 2 The object is a hard obstruction, that is, it is solid.

PDMS Units
Although on this course you use only metric units, PDMS can deal with both metric and
imperial units. By default, the numbers you input are assumed to be in metric units, but you
can enter imperial units simply by changing the format of your input. For example:
Input Meaning
5’6IN 5 feet 6 in
5.5FT 5.5 feet
2.3M 2.3 metres
By choosing the Settings>Units option, the following form will be displayed.
Select from the list the units you require for both distances and bores.

Exercise 1
Your trainer will have changed the small site that you were working on earlier, shown in
Appendix B and introduced some errors. The object of this exercise is to correct these errors
in a slightly messed up version to what it looked like previously.
The first task is to go into design and display the site on the screen. When you have done
this, you will see some of the errors immediately. A summary of the errors is given at the end
of the exercise, if you get into difficulties.
All the errors are in the equipment, so you will need to select the equipment application
before you begin. The types of errors in the equipment fall into three categories.
1. Size errors Some primitives have one of their size attributes
incorrectly set. Your task is to identify which attribute is wrong
and correct it.
2. Positional errors Equipment or primitives are incorrectly positioned within
the equipment, or the equipment itself is incorrectly positioned.
3. Orientation errors Equipment or primitives are incorrectly orientated
Hint - All equipment should be orientated on an
orthogonal axis.
The method used, to change size parameters is influenced by the type of shape you are
changing. Quite appropriately, the different shapes have differing parameters to control their
size. Cylinders have HEIGht and DIAMeter, whilst Boxes have XLENth, YLENth and
ZLENth.
The equipment application provides a facility for changing the attributes of an element under
the Modify>Attributes menu. When you select this menu, a form appears with the current
settings of each of the element’s attributes. To change an attribute, all you need to do is to
select the attribute you want to change. A second form will appear allowing you to input a
new value. Select the OK button. Finally you must select the Apply gadget to send the new
values back to the database.

Correcting errors using Model Editor
Select Model Editor mode either by clicking

the button on the Model Editor Toolbar
or by using the menu

Edit>Model Editor.
Clicking on an Equipment Item and selecting
Edit Equipment from the shortcut menu
enables the Graphical Equipment Modification
(GEM) facilities. GEM gives menu options that
facilitate the graphical modification of an
Equipment item and its ‘offspring’, down to
primitive level. This also makes all items that
are displayed and not part of the selected
equipment display translucent.
This example explains the steps required to

correct TANK1.
With Feature Highlighting On
(Selection>Feature Highlighting or press F)
move the pointer over the ppoint at the bottom
of the cylinder and right click. Select Move
Handle Here. This will move the handles to
the bottom of the cylinder to allow it to be
positioned about this point.

Move the pointer over the ppoint at the top of

the box directly below and right click. Select
Move Selection Here. If you make any
mistakes you can use the Undo facility. This
will position the cylinder directly on top of the
lower box
The whole equipment requires rotating. Exit

Equipment editing by right click and select
Exit>Equipment>Editor.
Set the view direction to Plan North. To
orientate the Equipment move the pointer over
the Y Rotation Handle and either drag it
around until Y is N or right click and select
Align with… and enter N and press OK.
To complete the Tank modification at the box select Modify > Attributes and enter 2850 for
Ylen.

The next equipment to correct is TANK2. Modify attributes on CONE1 and change DTOP to
be 1500. Move CYLI 1 in the same way as previously as in Move the Handle to the bottom
of the CYLI and then move the pointer over the CONE and select Move Selection Here.
The elevation on PYRA1 needs to

be the same as PYRA2. Move the
handle to the bottom of the PYRA
as explained previously. With the
pointer over the Z Linear
Movement Handle select Align
with Feature…and pick the
corresponding ppoint on PYRA2
The North Position on PYRA 2 is

incorrect and needs aligning with
PYRA 1. Move the pointer over P0
on PYRA 1 right click and select
Move Selection Here.
To complete the Tank modifications rotate NOZZ 2 so that P1 is pointing E.

Correct the errors on PUMP1 using the features explained above.

Summary of design errors

The following is a list of the database errors and their correct settings.
/TANK1 Orientation should be Y is North and Z is UP
Cylinder 1 POS should be at up 1500
Box 1 YLEN should be 2850
/TANK2
Cone 1 - DTOP should be 1500
Cylinder 1, East position should be 2600 WRT /*
Pyra 2 - North position should be zero WRT EQUIP
Pyra 1 - Up position should be the same as Pyra 2
Nozzle /TANK2-N2 Orientation of p1 should be east
/PUMP1 Elevation should be changed to up 350 WRT /*
The drive shaft cylinder should be orientated with p1
pointing east.
Dish 2 Should be connected to the motor cylinder

2 Session 2
Building the Basic Structure
This module includes all the fundamentals of Equipment building using practical exercises.
Project 2000 started in this module is used in subsequent modules for other disciplines and
principles. Basic input checking is also introduced here.
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to:
• Create and understand the top-level elements in a project situation.
• Understand the methods of element naming and conventions.
• Know how to input and check project 2000 civils base.
• Understand how to create a standard equipment item
• Understand the power of the copy function and its options.
• Create an equipment item from primitives and add in detail of obstruction and
soft volumes.
• Appreciate some basic syntax for equipment design
Must Know Points

The following points need to be understood by the trainees
• How to create equipment and primitive elements.

• How to manipulate and check position and orientation of the above.
• How to manipulate graphical representation and set OBST and LEV attributes of
primitives.

Exercise 2 (Create the Site, Zones and Base)

In this exercise we use a real engineering design for our training course. Project 2000 is part
of a real chemical plant, and it is built in the same way that you would expect to see any
other plant. In building this model, you will be able to use general engineering techniques to
create your design in PDMS
What You Will Be Expected to Do!

For the rest of the course, you will be using different PDMS techniques to build up a replica
of Project 2000 (Stabilizer). As the course progresses, you will practice what you already
know, and build on existing knowledge by introducing new subjects.
Starting with an empty design database, you will begin by building various types of
equipment items using several different techniques. These techniques will be explained by
your tutor before you use them, or introduced in the form of exercises. The sequence of
modelling will be as follows:
1) Basic Modelling Building a Site, Zones and a site base.
2) Equipment Modelling Building all of the equipment in the plant.
This is the first exercise in which you will actually create new elements. The object is to
create the basic design structure in which you will build the training site. The training site
(Project 2000) is a real plant design, which has been adopted for this course. The design
package contains all of the drawings necessary to create a PDMS model of this site, and it
will be used extensively during the rest of the course. For now, we will consider the initial
design structure in which the design will sit.
When you next enter DESIGN, you will find that the data structure is completely empty of
elements. In fact your Trainer will have given you a new database in which to work.
Project 2000 consists of equipment, steelwork, civils and pipes. In this module we will create
the civil and equipment data of the project. From your knowledge of PDMS so far, you
should know that these elements need to belong to a ZONE, and the ZONE needs to belong
to a SITE. These are what you are about to build.
The simplest data structure, which would allow you to build the model, is a single SITE,
which owns just one ZONE. This could then accommodate all of the equipment, structures,
civils and pipes without difficulty.
The practical way of building the data structure is to place similar element types in individual
zones so that they can be accessed in logical groups. For your design, the hierarchy should
be something like;
SITE /STABILIZER
ZONE /EQUI.ZONE Containing all equipment items
ZONE /PIPE.ZONE Containing all pipes
ZONE /STRU.ZONE Containing all structural items
ZONE /CIVIL.ZONE Containing the site base

When you select the Create>Site
or Create>Zone
options you will be shown a form on the screen. Enter the name of the site or zone you want
to create. Select and appropriate zone purpose for each zone and select the OK gadget on
the form.
Although SITES and ZONES could be positioned, we recommend that at this stage, you
leave them at the default position of North 0 East 0 Up 0.
REMEMBER: To create any element, you need to be positioned at the correct level
in the hierarchy - so before you can create a zone, you must have a
site.
Once you have built the basic hierarchical structure, you need to start building actual
physical objects to make up your design. The first of these is a simple box to form a site
base upon which all of the rest of your design will be positioned. In practice, the site base
would probably be much more complicated than the simple slab that we are proposing, but
for now, this will form the Civils for our project.

The actual box, which will represent the site base, needs to be owned by an equipment
element, which in turn belongs to a ZONE. For our purpose, we suggest that you create an
equipment belonging to your civils zone. To do this, you will need to be using the
Equipment application so that you can build an equipment item.
Create > Equipment
You will need to calculate the POSITION of the Equipment Origin
Create Primitive - BOX

You will obviously need to calculate the length, width and position of the box.
Checking the Slab Position

You will need to know how to check that it is correct when you have built it. The method of
checking is as follows.
From the above diagram, you can see that each of the box edges is labelled with a single
co-ordinate. You can check this co-ordinate by checking the position of the appropriate
ppoint, which is associated with each of the edges. The PPOINTS for all elements are given
in appendix A. Those for a box are reproduced as follows for convenience.
The PPOINTS are in the centre of each face apart from the origin of the box, P0, which is in
the centre of the box.
The way of checking the box PPOINTS is to use the Query>General menu and select the
PPOINTS option to check each of the individual points in turn. By default, all querying will be
done relative to the equipment, but you can select world, site or zone options as well. For
this exercise, you should query the PPOINTS in World co-ordinates, to make sure that they
are correctly positioned.
Any mistakes made during this exercise need to be corrected. The errors you are likely to
have made will only be in the areas of position, size or orientation, so you should try to use
the appropriate menus to make corrections.
Savework
If you have just completed the exercise above, you will probably be keen to make sure that
you save the results, so that you don’t have to do it again. Any work that you do during a
design session is automatically saved when you leave DESIGN
The Savework option allows you to save the results of your efforts without having to leave
DESIGN. Whenever you complete a significant amount of work, we recommend that you use
Savework. Select Design>SaveWork from the main bar menu.

Exercise 3 (Create Pump P1501A)

This exercise is designed to familiarise you with the Standard Equipment Application by
building and positioning the set of four pumps: /P1501A, /P1501B and /P1502A, /P1502B.
First, you will build the two pumps /P1501A and /P1501B using the following procedure:
In DESIGN with the Equipment Application selected
Make the Equipment Zone your Current Element (/EQUI.ZONE)
Select Create> Standard from the bar menus
Enter the name of the pump on the
equipment creation form P1501A.
From the CADC Standard Equip
specification,
select
Standard Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Centreline Mounted
Centreline mounted tangential outlet
(PUMP005)
Click the Properties… button and enter the required values into the equipment properties
form.
For this first exercise, (the purpose of which is to get used to the Equipment application), it is
not necessary to work out the dimensions from the drawing, these are as follows: -
A=1390, B=510, C=154, D=155, E=340, F=180, G=545, H=70, J=135
When you have completed the dimensions, press OK to accept the values.

Select the Apply button to accept the choice and to position the equipment using the EDG.
On the Positioning Control form that appears in the top right of the screen, select the
positioning explicit button and enter the position.
W 312660 N 303300 U 100645 and press Apply to instruct the event (EDG) to position the
equipment. When entering the (W) coordinate it will be (-E) in the positioning form.
Kill the Explicit Position Form using X, the Create Standard Equipment Form can be
Dismissed using Dismiss.
Having positioned the pump, the orientation of the pump needs rotating 180 degrees. Use
Model Editor to do this. Select Model Editor mode either by clicking the button on the Model
Editor Toolbar or by using the menu Edit>Model Editor.

Select the pump to display the Locator Handle and using the Y Rotation Handle turn the
equipment 180 degrees.
Alternatively, select Edit>Rotate Selection>About … enter a value of 180 and select OK.
Use the Modify>Attributes… form and fill in the Equipment description and the attributes
below and press the Apply button.
FUNCTION ‘REFLUX PUMP’
PAINT SPEC (PTSPEC) ‘N/A’
INSCHEDULE ‘N/A
The equipment attributes will be used later when you learn about database reporting. If you
cannot think of an appropriate set of titles for these, we suggest the above.
When you are satisfied, press the Apply and Dismiss the form.
Note: -
Modify > Properties can be used at any time to change the sizes of the Equipment.

We now need to name the nozzles and set the nozzle specification. With the Equipment
Application Form set to Element probe the nozzles in turn to change their names and
specification
To set the nozzle name use the Modify>Name… from the menu bar
To modify the nozzle size and rating, use Modify>Nozzle Specification… to set the
required Bore size and specification.
The nozzles are

SUCTION P1501A-N1 100NB #300 RAISED FACE
DELIVERY P1501A-N2 50NB #300 RAISED FACE
Check that the PPOINTS for the Nozzles on the Pumps correspond with the Equipment
Arrangement drawing. Remember this is done using Query > General, check the position of
/P1501A-N1 P1.

Exercise 4 (Copying Equipment)

Rather than repeat the previous exercise, we can use the copy facilities in the equipment
application to create pump /P1501B.
The copy facilities can be accessed from the Create> Copy>Offset menu. (Providing of
course that your current element is still /P1501A.) The following form will be displayed.
By selecting the Offset menu you can choose that the offset is any of the following:
from Element > to Element
from Design Point > to Design Point
from Pline > to Pline
From Edge > to Edge
or a mixture of each.
The Object to copy can be CE, List or Pick. The to option can be CE or Rel. which means
relative (the same position in the hierarchy as the copied item).
Input the distance between the equipment origins. -1830mm in the OFFset X box, then hit
Apply and Dismiss.
Use Modify>Name to change the name of the pump to P1501B, and the nozzles to
P1501B-N1 and P1501B-N2
Check that the PPOINT for the Suction Nozzle corresponds with the Equipment
Arrangement drawing.

Create Pumps P1502A & B

Now create the other two pumps /P1502A and /P1502B. This time you will need to calculate
the positions and dimensions from the drawing.
Use the pump type - Centreline mounted with vertical offset nozzles (PUMP 006)
Check that the PPOINTS for the Nozzles on the Pumps correspond with the Equipment

Exercise 5 (Create Heat Exchangers)

After creating the Pumps, create the two stacked exchangers, /E1302A and /E1302B. These
can be built using the standard equipment items with box supports. The standard option of
heat exchangers,
“Dished and flanged with nozzles” (EXCH 005) should be selected.
Remember to set the Exchanger Support before selecting Apply on the properties form.
You should have no problems in building these two following the detail drawings provided.
The standard supports should be used to construct the basic equipment.
Build one exchanger and then use copy for the other. The Nozzles should be rotated and the
sizes checked. The support Sub Equipment should be copied to form the double height
saddle on the lower exchanger E1302A.
Check that the PPOINTS for the Nozzles on the Exchanger correspond with the Equipment

Exercise 6 (Create/E1301)
Creating Equipment from individual primitives

The next building exercise is to build Reboiler /E1301 and stabilizer /C1101 using the
primitives bar menu to create and set the primitive attributes.
When you build any equipment item in PDMS you need to make three decisions before you
begin.
Firstly, you need to define an origin point about which all of the primitives will be placed
Secondly, you need to decide on the direction or orientation of the equipment
Thirdly, you need to decide on the number and types of primitive to use.
Find your drawing of /E1301. When you start designing this you would probably choose one
of two origin points. Your first choice may well be the base of one of the support legs, so that
you can position the exchanger on top of a steelwork member. Your second choice may well
be along the centreline of the cylinders in line with nozzles N1 and N2. This second choice
may not appear as logical as the first, except for the fact that this is the point dimensioned to
on the plant layout drawing. This means you do not need to do any further calculations to
find the equipment position.

As for the orientation, there is little point in building the piece of equipment in one axis and
then reorienting it after it is complete. You might as well build it in the correct orientation in
the first place. Therefore, looking at the arrangement drawing, you will see that /E1301 lies
with its flanged end to the south, and its dished end to the north. This is the orientation we
will use for the primitives.
The next task is to decide on how you would represent the exchanger in the PDMS model. If
you refer to the drawing of /E1301 you will see that you could use quite a number of
primitives to represent it. In fact, taking all of the individual cones, cylinders and boxes, we
could use up to 31 primitives to represent this equipment. However by combining some of
the primitives and not being so detailed, we can reduce this number to 13 or 14.
Whenever you are looking at how to build a piece of equipment, you should always look at
creating the minimum number of primitives, while still enclosing the overall obstruction.
Another way of looking at this would be to imagine the sort of model that a plastic model
maker would build for the same piece of equipment. The drawing below should give you an
idea of how /E1301 should look.
3 13 12 9
4 2 1 14
Origin Point
6
5 8 11 7 10
Sequence of building
To begin building the reboiler, first select
Create>Equipment . . .
from the Main menu. This will display a form, which allows you to input a name and position
for the equipment. Give the name as E1301 and the position as N296950 W319150
U101470
Now select the Create>Primitives . . . form, as shown below, to build up your equipment.

From the Create option you may choose Solid or Negative, which means a primitive may
represent a hole in a solid object. Select the other option button (displayed here as Nozzle)
to select the type of primitive you wish to create.
Build the equipment to the dimensions shown on the drawings.

Check that the PPOINTS correspond with the Equipment Arrangement drawing.
Tip: Use the Model Editor to make any fine adjustments to complete the reboiler.

Exercise 7 (Create /C1101)

Now it is time to build /C1101. This is a similar exercise to the previous one, except you will
be left on your own to complete it. Most of the nozzles can be positioned and orientated
using the create nozzle form. Also, make use of the copy and rotate form. There is just one
complication in this exercise, which is the orientation and position of the nozzle on top of the
tower nozzle N12. There are 2 examples below. The first is showing how to rotate nozzles
with Model Editor and the second is positioning NOZZ N12.

Using Model Editor to Rotate a Nozzle typically N10

Typical sequence of events would be as follows:
Set the view direction to be Plan North.

Create a copy of a nozzle and name it
C1101-N10.
Select Model Editor mode either by clicking
the button on the Model Editor Toolbar
or by using the menu

Edit>Model Editor.
Click C1101 and select Edit Equipment from
the shortcut menu. Select Nozzle N10. With
Feature Snapping On move the pointer over
any primitive in the centre of the tower and
right click and select Move Handle Here.
This will allow the nozzle to be rotated about
the centre of the tower.
With the Rotation Handle now over the

centre of the tower the Nozzle can be rotated
either by dragging the Z Rotation Handle to
the desired orientation or by right click and
entering the required value. Position the
Using Model Editor to Position Nozzle N12

Typical sequence of events would be as follows:
After positioning N5 at the top of the tower, create a copy, move it up by 100 (to allow it to be
easily selected) and name it N12. Select a Plan view North and in Model Editor mode select
Edit>Equipment and pick the new nozzle N12.

With the pointer on the Z Rotation

Handle right click and select Align With…
Enter a value of E45S and select OK. Use

the Preview button first to check your
selection and press OK when you are
happy it is correct.
With the pointer on the Z Linear

Direction handle right click and select
Enter Value…

Enter a value of 250 and select OK. Use

the Preview button first to check your
selection and press OK when you are
happy it is correct. This will move the
nozzle 250mm in a direction of E45S
giving the correct W and N position.
To complete the positioning of the nozzle

it will be required to be moved down.
From the origin position of the EQUI the
elevation of the nozzle is calculated as
U22611 by adding the values on the drg.
The elevation of N5 is U22687. So the
difference is 76 mm plus the 100mm that
was added during the copy.
With the pointer on the X Linear
Direction handle right click and select
Enter Value…
Enter 176 and OK.
Exit Equipment Editor.
To complete the nozzle modify the nozzle
spec and select bore size of 50mm

Exercise 8 (Create /D1201)

If time, create the last equipment in a similar manner to the two previous items. Otherwise, a
macro to build the items can be read in using !!traRunMacro(‘d1201.pmlmac’)

3 Appendix A
The PDMS Primitives
The BOX Element (BOX)

The PDMS Primitives
The Cylinder Element (CYLINDER)
DIAM
P1
Z
Y
P0
X HEIGH
P2
Special Attributes:
DIAMETER Diameter
HEIGHT Axial height
The origin of the cylinder is at the mid–point of the axis, the default orientation of the
cylinder is with the axis on the Z-axis, and 3 P-points are as shown.

Simple Plant
The Cone Element (CONE)
DTOP
P1
Z
Y
HEIGH
X
P
P2
DBOTT
Special Attributes:
DTOP Diameter of top surface
DBOTTOM Diameter of bottom surface
HEIGHT Axial height
The origin of the cone is at the mid-point of the axis, the z-axis lies along the longitudinal
axis of the cone.

The PDMS Primitives
The Dish Element (DISH)
P1
Z HEIGH
P0 Y
X
P2
DIAM
RADIUS 0 RADIUS 70
Special Attributes:
DIAMETER Diameter of base.

HEIGHT Maximum height of dished surface above base.
RADIUS If the radius is set to zero, then the Dish is drawn as a section of a
sphere. If the radius is greater than zero, then the Dish is defined as half of an ellipsoid.
The origin of the Dish is at the centre of the base, and its Z–axis lies along the normal to the
base.

Simple Plant
The Circular Torus Element (CTORUS)
X
P1
P2
ANGLE
Y RINSI
P0
X ROUTS
Special Attributes:
RINSI Inside radius

ROUTS Outside radius
ANGLE Subtended angle (not allowed to be greater than 180 degrees)
The origin of the circular torus is at the centre of the circular arcs of radii RINSI and ROUTS,
and is defined in the X-Y plane.

The PDMS Primitives
The Snout Element (SNOUT)
DTOP
P1
.
..
...
..
...
..
Z ..
.
... Y
..
P0 . HEIGH
... X Y
..
X ..
...
..
...
.
YOFF ..
.
XOFF.
YOFF
P2
DBOT
Special Attributes:
DTOP Diameter of top surface

DBOTTOM Diameter of bottom surface
XOFF Displacement of axes along X–axis
YOFF Displacement of axes along Y–axis
HEIGHT Perpendicular distance between surfaces
The origin of the Snout is at the mid–point of the line joining the centres of the top and
bottom surfaces and the Z–axis is normal to the top and bottom surfaces.

Simple Plant
The Pyramid Element (PYRAMID)
P
XTO
YTOP
XOFF
YOF
YBOT
P
XBOTT
Special Attributes:
XBOTT Dimension of bottom parallel to X–axis

YBOTT Dimension of bottom parallel to Y–axis
XTOP Dimension of top parallel to X–axis
YTOP Dimension of top parallel to Y–axis
HEIGH Height between top and bottom surfaces
XOFF Displacement of axes along X–axis
YOFF Displacement of axes along Y–axis
The origin of the Pyramid is at the mid–point of the line joining the mid–points of the top and
bottom surfaces, and its Z–axis is normal to the top and bottom faces.

The PDMS Primitives
The Slope–Bottom Cylinder Element (SLCYLINDER)
P1 P1
XTSH
YTSH
Z Z
X HEIGH Y
P0 P0
DIAM
XBSH
YBSH
P2 P2
SOUTH ELEV. WEST ELEV.
Special Attributes:
DIAME Diameter
HEIGH Height along axis, between P1 and P2
XTSH Inclination of top face to X–axis
YTSH Inclination of top face to Y–axis
XBSH Inclination of bottom face to X–axis
YBSH Inclination of bottom face to Y–axis
The origin of the slope–bottom cylinder is at the mid–point of the axis (mid–way between P1
and P2) and the default orientation is with the axis on the Z–axis.

Simple Plant
The Nozzle Element (NOZZLE)
HEIGH
Z Y
P2
P0
P1
X
Nozzles are significant to the Design because they provide the link between an Equipment
(which owns them) and a Pipe (Branch) which is connected to each one. It may be helpful to
think of a nozzle as being a vessel attachment point.
Some of the Special Attributes of a Nozzle
TEMP These information attributes can hold relevant Temperature and

PRES Pressure ratings.
HEIG Controls the height of the Nozzle stem (assuming normal Catalogue
conventions are followed.
CREF Connection Reference. Usually set automatically when a Branch is
connected to a Nozzle. It stores the name of the connected Branch. If it
is not set, the Nozzle is not connected to anything.
CATREF Provides the physical description of the Nozzle directly from the
Catalogue. If it is not set, then the Nozzle has no geometry.
DUTY 12–character text attribute describing the type of fluid handled by the
Nozzle.

The PDMS Primitives
The Polyhedron Element (POHEDRON)
The Polyhedron is constructed from a number of Polygons (PGON) and has only the general
attributes to all equipment members.
The Polygon Element (POGON)

The Polygon has the following attributes:
Owner: owner reference
Level: drawing level
It is owned by the Polyhedron and consists of a number of Points (POINT) which define the
Polygon.
GROUT automatically draws a line from the last point of a polygon to the first point.
The polyhedron above is composed of seven polygons. Five of the points contain four points
each and two of the polygons contain five points each. Each point will be defined three times
in the design data.

4 Appendix B
Simple Plant

N
The PDMS Primitives

Simple Plant

The PDMS Primitives

Equipment Design PDMS

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Must Know Points............................................................................................1

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 Contents-i

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 Contents-ii

Must Know Points

Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04 1

2 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 3

The Axis System

Equipment and Primitive Orientation

4 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Size Attributes (Primitives)

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 5

6 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

The choices are:

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 7

8 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 9

Positioning Using P-Points

10 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 11

12 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Other PDMS Attributes

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 13

14 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 15

Correcting errors using Model Editor

Select Model Editor mode either by clicking

or by using the menu

This example explains the steps required to

16 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Move the pointer over the ppoint at the top of

The whole equipment requires rotating. Exit

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 17

The elevation on PYRA1 needs to

The North Position on PYRA 2 is

To complete the Tank modifications rotate NOZZ 2 so that P1 is pointing E.

18 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Summary of design errors

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 19

Must Know Points

• How to create equipment and primitive elements.

Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04 1

Exercise 2 (Create the Site, Zones and Base)

What You Will Be Expected to Do!

2 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

When you select the Create>Site

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 3

Create > Equipment

You will need to calculate the POSITION of the Equipment Origin

Create Primitive - BOX

4 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Checking the Slab Position

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 5

Exercise 3 (Create Pump P1501A)

6 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Editor Toolbar or by using the menu Edit>Model Editor.

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 7

The nozzles are

8 Module 4 Equipment Design – Issue 18/10/04

Exercise 4 (Copying Equipment)

Module 4 Equipment Design - Issue 18/10/04 9