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57 jrefrmhtvkyo
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Copyright © International Labour Organization 2017
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59 jrefrmhtvkyo
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5 jrefrmhtvkyo
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vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mrawmfrw&m;jyKrt I xd yg0ifEikd yf gonf/

8 t"r®vkyftm;cdkif;aprIqdkif&m jy|mef;csuf? 1930 (trSwf-20)? tGefvdkif;ay:wGif http://www.ILO.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::

NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C029 wGi& f &SEd ikd yf gonf/
9 t"r®vkyftm;cdkif;aprI zsufodrf;jcif;qdkif&mjy|mef;csuf 1957 ckESpf (trSwf-105)/ tGefvdkif;ay:wGif http://www.ILO.org/dyn/normlex/en/
f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C105 wGi& f &SEd ikd yf gonf/
 6

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wpfckrSm pD;yGm;a&;t&acgif;ykHjzwf tjrwfxkwfjcif;ESifh tjzpf jy|mef;Edik o f nf/
uav;\ use;f rma&;ESihf ud, k uf sihf w&m;udx k cd u kd af ponfh
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1 0 ti,fq;Hk touft½G,q f ikd &f m jy|mef;csu?f 1973 ckEpS f (trSw-f 138) ? tGev
f ikd ;f ay:wGif http://www.ILO.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::
NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C138 wGi& f &SEd ikd yf gonf/
1 1 tqdk;½Gm;qkH;ykHpHjzifh uav;vkyfom;cdkif;apjcif;qdkif&mjy|mef;csuf? 1999 ckESpf (trSwf-182)? tGefvdkif;ay:wGif http://www.ILO.org/dyn/normlex/en/
f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C182 wGi& f &SEd ikd yf gonf/
7 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

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touf(14)ESpfatmufrnfolYudkrS tvkyfrcefY&yg/ tvkyf t&oifah wmfaMumif; twnfjyKxm;onfv h ufrw S /f
vkyfcGifh& uav;vkyfom;qdkonfrSm touf14-15 ESpf
&Sdoluav;oli,fjzpfNyD; w&m;0if tvkyfvkyfEdkif&eftwGuf vufrSwfonf(12)vwmtwGufw&m;0ifygonf/ q&m0ef
rSwfykHwifq&m0efxHrS usef;rmaMumif; axmufcHcsufudk taejzifh i,f½, G af omuav;rS aqmif½u G Ef ikd af om tvkyf
&&Sdxm;oljzpfonf/ uav;oli,fOya'ü uav;rsm;onf tudik t
f rsKd ;tpm;rsm;udk uefo
Y wfxm;aumif;xm;Edik yf gonf/
Oya'rScGifhjyKxm;aom tvkyfrsm;wGif rdrdqE´tavsmuf
tvkyv f yk yf ikd cf iG &hf NdS y;D tvkyvf yk cf sed ?f tem;,lcsed Ef iS hf tyef;ajz oifhawmfaMumif;vufrSwfxkwfay;&ef(jyefvnfxkwfay;&ef)
csed wf uYkd kd &ydik cf iG v hf nf;&Syd gonf[k azmfjyxm;onf/ odaYk omf jiif;qdo
k nfh q&m0efonf jiif; y,f&onfh taMumif;&if;wdu Yk kd
xdkuav;vkyfom;onf wpf&ufvQif 4 em&DrQom tvkyf pma&;om;íazmfjy&rnf/ usef;rmaMumif;vufrSwftwGuf
vkyu f ikd Ef ikd Nf y;D n(6)em&DEiS hf reuf(6)em&DMum;wGif tvkyv f yk f uscH&rnfhp&dwf onftvkyf&SifESifh omoufqdkifNyD; tvkyf
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csdefjynfhoGm;NyD;aemuf xdkaeYwGif tjcm;aom puf½kHwpf½kHü tvufrsm;tm; xyfro H &d v
dS ykd gu tcef;(14) uav;vkyo
f m;
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tvkyo f rm;rsm;[kac:Ny;D todtrSwjf yKq&m0efrS tvkyv f yk f twGuf tvkyfcefYxm;rIvdktyfcsufrsm;
&efoifah wmfygonf[k axmufcaH y;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ (18) (FIL Sec. 24; SEZ Sec. 71-78)
ESpaf tmuf tvkyo f rm;tm;vk;H onf tvkyv f yk u
f ikd af epOfwiG f Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrK§ yEf o
HS rl sm;ESihf txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkerf S tvky&f iS f
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vuf r S w f t m; ud k i f a qmif x m;&rnf / wnf q J O ya't& EdkifiHom;rsm;udk iSm;&rf;&rnfjzpfonf/ tvkyf&Sifrsm;onf
tEÅ&m,f&o dS nf[k ,lq&aomtvkyrf sm;wGi(f 18)ESpaf tmuf jrefrmEdik if oH m;rsm;\ pGr;f &nfrsm;jrifw h ufvmap&ef oufqikd f
uav;rsm;tm; rcdkif;&yg/ (tcsuftvufrsm;tm; xyfrH &moifwef;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/
od&v dS ykd gu tcef;(14)uav;vkyo f m; tcef;wGiMf unfyh g/)
vkyfief;pwifvnfywfonfh yxr(2)ESpftwGif; uRrf;usif
tvky&f iS rf sm;onf ¤if;wd\ Yk vkyif ef;rsm;wGif uav;vkyo f m; vkyfom;rsm;? enf;ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;pkpkaygif;
tm;vk;H \ rSww f rf;rsm;udx k m;&S&d rnf/ xdrk w
S w
f rf;rsm;wGif tenf;qk;H (25)% onf jrefrmEfikd if o H m;rsm;jzpf&rnf/ vkyif ef;
• tvkyform;\trnfESifhrdbtrnfrsm; vnfywfonft h csed (f 2)ESprf S (4)ESptf wGi;f Edik if o
H m; tenf;qk;H
• tvkyftrsdK;tpm; (50)% ESihf tcsed (f 4)ESprf S (6)ESpt f wGi;f Edik if o H m;tenf;qk;H
• tvkyv f yk cf sed f (75)% txd jrifw h ufomG ;&rnfjzpfonf/
• usef ; rmaMumif ; vuf r S w f taxmuf t xm;wd k Y
yg0if&rnf/ od&Yk mwGif tvky&f iS rf sm;onf txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zke\ f pDrcH efcY rJG I
aumfrwDrS cGijhf yKcsujf zifh enf;ynmydik ;f qdik &f mESihf pDrcH efcY rJG I
2.2/ usef ; rma&;qd k i f & mvd k t yf c suf r sm; qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;twGuf EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;rsm;udk
(FA Secs. 68, 81) &mcdik Ef eI ;f ydí
k iSm;&rf;cefx
Y m;Edik yf gonf/ jrefrmh&if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS I
tvkyfcefYxm;&mü usef;rma&;qdkif&mvdktyfcsufrsm;udk aumfr&Sifonf todynmtajcjyK tvkyftufdkiftwGuf
uav;oli,frsm;ESifh q,fausmfouftvkyform;rsm;tm; tcsed u f efo Y wfcsurf al bmifukd wd;k csUJ oGm;Edik yf gonf/
umuG,f&eftwGuf a&;qGJxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ todtrSwfjyK
ay;onfh q&m0efonf vufrw S t
f rsKd ;tpm;(2) rsKd ;teufrS jrefrmhuRrf;usifvkyfom;rsm;onf EdkifiHjcm;ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh
wpfrsKd ;udk xkwaf y;Edik o
f nf/ wef;wltcaMu;aiG &&S&d rnfjzpfonf/ (tcef; (16) jrefrm
EdkifiHtwGif; EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform; iSm;&rf;cefYxm;jcif;
qdik &f m enf;Oya'rsm;udMk unfyh g/)
 12

2.4/ roef p G r f ; ol r sm;tm; iS m ;&rf ; cef Y t yf & mwG i f

vd k t yf r I r sm;
(roefpGrf;olrsm;Oya'? yk'fr-36? 75-76? 81)

tvky&f iS rf sm;onf roefprG ;f aom trsKd ;om;? trsKd ;orD;rsm;18

tm; ¤if;wd\ Yk t&nftcsi;f ESihf vkyEf ikd pf rG ;f wdYk ESiu hf u kd nf aD om
tvkyfwGif roefpGrf;olrsm;tcGifhta&;qdkif&m EdkifiHawmf
trsKd ;om;tqifah umfrwDu jy|mef;owfrw S x f m;aom tcsKd ;
tpm;yrmPESiahf vsmn f pD mG cefxY m;&rnf/ xdo k Ykd cefx Y m;&mwGif
oufqikd &f mNrKd Ue,f tvkyt f udik Ef iS hf tvkyo f rm; &SmazGa&;½k;H
rsm;wGif rSwfykHwifxm;onfh roefpGrf;olrsm;udk a½G;cs,f
cefYtyf&rnf/ tvkyf&Sifrsm;taejzifh roefpGrf;olrsm;tm;
vlawGUppfar;&mwGif vlawGUppfar;rIqdkif&m avsmfuefaom
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qdkif&m t&nftcsif;rsm;tay:tajcjyKaom toufarG;
0rf;ausmif; ynma&;ESihf oifwef;rsm;ESihf qufE, T Nf y;D tjcm;
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tcsm&S&d rnf/ twdtusq&kd aomf tvky&f iS u f cdik rf maom
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orm;rsm;tm; tvkyfrS&yfqdkif;jcif;? tvkyfrSxkwfy,fjcif;?
&mxl;tqifh avQmYcsjcif;? tvkyfae&m a½TUajymif;jcif;rsm;
rvky&f / tvky&f iS rf sm;onf roefprG ;f aom tvkyo f rm;pm&if;
Z,m;ESihf tvkyv f pfvyf ae&mrsm;udk NrKd Ue,ftvkyt f udik Ef iS hf
tvkyo f rm;&SmazGa&;½k;H odYk ay;yd&Yk rnf/

tvkyf&Sifrsm;u tvkyftudkifqdkif&m tcsdK;tpm;yrmPudk

jynfhrD&ef rjzpfEdkifaomtcg roefpGrf;olrsm;tcGifhta&;
twGuf xlaxmifxm;aom &efykHaiGodkY wpfpkHwpf&maom
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18 roefprG ;f olrsm;tcGit
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f ikd &f m? tjrif? tajym? tMum;? pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m?
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Y wm;&Sad omol [lí zGiq hf ykd gonf/
13 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

3/ vkyfc rsm;ESifh olwdkY\rdom;pktwGuf tajccHusí r&Sdrjzpfaom

vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhrSDap&ef? tvkyform;wdkY\ pGrf;aqmif
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(MWA Sec. 2; PWA Sec. 2) tm;ay;&efjzpfonf/ tenf;qk;H tvkyo f rm;(15)OD;ESihf tcsed f
vkycf tay:t"dymÜ ,fziG q hf ckd suw f rYkd mS tcsed yf akd Mu;ESihf Oyrm jynfh tvkyo f rm;rsm;&So
d nfh tvky&f iS rf sm;tjyif Oya'onf
tm;jzifah vsmaf Mu; wGucf su&f mwGif rl0g'a&;qGo J rl sm;? tvkyf tcsdefydkif; tvkyform;tm;vkH;ESifh em&Dpm;tvkyform;rsm;
&Sifrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifh or*¾rsm;twGuf ta&;ygvS twGufvnf; tusKH;0ifygonf/
ygonf/ tenf;qkH;tcaMu;Oya'(2013)ESifh tcaMu;aiG
ay;acsa&; Oya'wdw Yk iG f tcaMu;aiGwu G cf surf üI atmufygwdYk vuf&t dS enf;qk;H vkycf (tcaMu;aiG)rSm wpfem&DvQif jrefrmaiG
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• tcaMu;aiG (od)Yk vkycf vpmrsm;/ owfrw f m;Ny;D jzpfonf/21 þaeYwu
S x G cf onf wpf&ufvQif
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• aumif;rGeaf omtvkyt f udik f (od)Yk aumif;rGeaf om tusKd ;cHpm;cGirhf sm; (od)Yk tjcm;aom rnfonfah xmufyahH Mu;rS
pm&dww å t
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hf ckd surf cS xJG u
G íf
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tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;/ tajccHay:rlwnfí tcaMu;aiGay;&rnfjzpfonf/ (tcsed yf kd
aMu;EI e f ; rsm;ud k atmuf y gtcef ; (4.3)wG i f jcH K ik H a zmf j y
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• yifpifaMu;/
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f eS x
f m;cJ&h onfrmS
• vlrIzlvkHa&;tusdK;cHpm;cGifhaiGaMu;rsm;/ EdkifiH0efxrf;rsm;ESifh oabFmom;rsm;tjyif tvkyf&Siftay:
• c&D;pm;&dwrf sm;/ rSDcdkítwlaexdkifaeMuaom tvkyf&Sif\rdom;pk0ifrsm;
• pm;aomufp&dwfrsm;/ jzpfonfh cifyeG ;f / ZeD;? om;orD;? rdbESihf nDtpfukd armifErS
• aq;ukorIESifhtjcm;aom0efaqmifrIrsm;/ t&if;rsm;jzpfMuonf/
• aexdik rf /I
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• tvkyfESifhoufqdkifonfhp&dwfrsm;19 xufydkíjrifhrm;onfh tusdK;cHpm;cGifhwdkYudk ay;Edkifygonf/
• pmcsKyof ufwrf;tqk;H ü &&Srd nfh tydq k ak Mu;rsm;/ odkYaomf tvkyf&Sifrsm;taejzifh tcef;(1)wGif azmfjyxm;
• tyef;ajzp&dw/f onfhcRif;csufrsm;rSvGJí tenf;qkH;tcaMu;aiGxuf avsmh
• wnf q J O ya'rsm;t& tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f enf;Ny;D ay;ír&yg/ (qdv k o kd nfrmS ueOD;oifwef;umvwGif
tvkyf&SifwdkYrS xnfh0ifay;onfh pkaygif; xnfh0if &mxl;wpfct k wGuf vkycf vpmtjynf\ h 50% xufrenf;
aiGrsm;/20 ay;&rnfjzpfNyD; tprf;cefYumvwpfckwGifvnf; &mxl;\
• avsmaf Mu;ESihf tNird ;f pm;vkyo
f ufpak iG/ vkycf vpm tjynfrh S (75)% xufrenf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/)
oabmwl p mcsKyf pwif c sKyf q d k o nf h t csd e f ü tenf ; qk H ;
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(MWA Preamble, Sec.’s 2-4, 7, 12, 14, 46-
orm;rsm;wGif ,if;ydrk jkd rifrh m;aom avsmaf Mu;aiGukd qufvuf
47; MWR Sec. 43)
cHpm;cGi&hf adS eygonf/
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(od)Yk xdxYk ufyí
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tenf;qk;H tcaMu;aiGOya'\ &nf½, G cf surf mS tvkyo f rm; tcsdefjynfh tvkyform;wpfOD;onf wpfywfvQif 44 em&D

1 9 þoD;oefcY sev f yS x f m;rIukd tcaMu;aiGay;acsa&;Oya'wGio

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f nf[í l jzpfygonf/
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 14

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S rf nfjzpfonf/ ,if;qk;H jzwfcsuf
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tpnf;rsm;(odYk tvky&f iS wf \ Ykd ud,
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Ykd tqdjk yKcsuf
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wdik ;f a'oBu;D / jynfe,ftqifw h wYkd iG f ok;H yGiq
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udvk nf; zGUJ pnf;rnfjzpfonf/ udk twnfjyK(od)Yk y,fzsurf nfjzpfonf/

tcaMu;aiGqdkif&maumfrwDrsm;onf tenf;qkH;tcaMu; 3.4/ tcaMu;aiGay;acsrIESifh tjcm;aomavsmfaMu;

aiGukd tqdjk yKonft
h cgwGif atmufygtcsurf sm;udk xnfo
h iG ;f rsm;/
pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/ (PWA Sec.’s 3-6; MWA Sec.’s 12-20, 24-25;
ShE Sec. 16)
• tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ,if;wdkY\ rdom;pkvdktyfcsuf tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk tenf;qk;H vpOf vkycf vpm ay;acs&rnf/
rsm;/ vk y f c vpmud k NyD ; cJ h o nf h v twG u f ,ck v \ 7 &uf
• vuf&SdtcaMu;aiG^vkyfcrsm;/ ajrmufaomaeYrwdik cf ifü tvky&f iS Ef iS t hf vkyo
f rm;Mum; tjyef
• vlrzI v l aHk &;tusKd ;cHpm;cGirhf sm;/ tvSeo f abmwlncD sut f ay:tajccHí tvkyv f yk &f onfah eY
• pm;0wfaea&;ukeu f sp&dwEf iS hf ,if;ukeu f sp&dww
f \Ykd wGif (cGifh,lxm;onfhaeYr[kwf) aiGom;jzifhjzpfap? csuf
ajymif;vJcsufrsm;/ vufrSwfjzifhjzpfap(odkY) bPfrSwpfqifhvGJay;jcif;jzifhjzpfap
• vlaerItqifhtwef;rsm;/ ay;acsEikd o f nf/ tvkyo f rm;(1000) (od)Yk xdxYk ufyrkd rkd sm;jym;
• tvkyzf efw;D a&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufrv I t
kd yfcsurf sm;/ onft h vkyo f rm;rsm;&So d nfh tvky&f iS of nf vwpfv\ 10
• Edik if pH ;D yGm;a&;t½G,t f pm;ESihf wpfO;D csi;f 0ifaiG/ &ufaeYrwdik cf ifwiG f vkycf vpmay;acs&rnfjzpfonf/ tvkyf
• vkyfief;cGif\ oabmobm0ESifh tvkyform;wdkY &SifrS tvkyf&yfpJvdkufonfh tvkyform;rsm;onf olwdkY\
twGuftEÅ&m,frsm;/ vpmudk tvkyzf iG &hf ufEpS &f uftwGi;f &&S&d rnfjzpfonf/

trsKd ;om;aumfrwDonf tjcm;aomaumfrwDrsm;\ twnf tenf;qkH;tcaMu;aiGtygt0if tajccHtcaMu;aiG22wdkYudk

jyK axmufccH surf sm;udk jyefvnfo;Hk oyf&rnfjzpfNy;D tenf;qH;k aiGom;jzifh ay;acs&rnfjzpfonf/ tvkycf efY xm;a&;oabm
tcaMu;aiG rowfrw S rf tD enf;qk;H &ufaygif;(60) BuKd wifí wlncD su(f od)Yk pkaygif; ndE§ idI ;f awmif;qdrk I oabmwlncD suw
f iG f
tqdjk yKxm;onfh tenf;qk;H tcaMu;aiGukd xkwjf yefaMunm oabmwlxm;ygu tcsdKUaomtusdK;tjrwfrsm;udk ypönf;
&rnf jzpfonf/ taejzifh (aiGaMu;r[kwfonfhypönf;rsm;) ay;acs&rnfjzpf
onf/ odkYaomf ypönf;tusdK;tjrwfrsm;udk tenf;qkH; tc

2 2 jrefrmOya'ESihf usio
hf ;Hk rIwiG f tcaMu;aiG? tajccHtcaMu;aiG ESihf tcaMu;aiG tjynft
h 0[laom a0g[m&rsm;ESiyhf wfoufNy;D ? xif&mS ;ta&;ygonfh ½Iyaf xG;rIonf
wnf&Sdaeygonf/ þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfykHESdyfxkwfa0onfhtcsdefwGif Oya'wpfckESifhwpfck a&SUaemufudkufnDrIr&Sdjcif;udk &Sif;vif;atmifjyKvkyfNyD;jcif;r&Sdao;yg/
rSDcdktm;xm;&eftaumif;qkH;aomaqmif½GufrIonf tcaMu;aiGay;acsa&;Oya'ESifh tenf;qkH;tcaMu;aiGOya'wdkYwGifpDpOfazmfjyxm;onfh tcaMu;aiG\
t"dyÜm,fjzpfygonf/
15 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

aMu;aiGudk jynfrSDjcif;tvdkYiSm tokH;jyKír&yg/ ,if;uJhodkY ¤if;wd\Yk trIxrf;vpm pm&if;wGif rSm;,Gi;f aom rSww f rf;wifrI
ay;acsrrI sm;udk a'oaygufaps;EIe;f tay: tajccHí wGucf suf (od)Yk vSnjhf zm;xm;aomtpD&ifcrH rI sm;jyKvyk u
f sL;vGex
f m;ygu
&rnfjzpfonf/ axmif'PfwpfESpftxd jypf'PfESifh 'PfaiGwdkYudk &ifqdkif
&Edkifygonf/
aiGay;acsru I kd ypön;f tjzpf om&vdak om xk;H wrf;pOfvm&So d nfh
pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;ESiahf rG;jrLa&; vkyif ef;rsm;wGif vkyu
f ikdf v
f su&f o
dS nfh 3.5/ tcaMu;aiG r S Ek w f , l j zwf a wmuf j cif ; ES i f h
tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf þenf;Oya'wGif >cif;csuf tenf; 'Pf a iG r sm;
i,f&Sdonf/ (MW Sec.’s 5-8, 10-11; PWA Sec.’s 7-11)
tvkyf&SifwdkYonf atmufyg>cif;csufrsm;rSty tvkyform;
þowday;csuaf tmufwiG f tvky&f iS of nf xk;H wrf;"avht& wd\
Yk vcrS Ekw, f jl zwfawmufjcif; rjyKvyk &f yg/
tvkyo f rm;\ ud,
k af &;ud, k w
f m tok;H jyKrEI iS hf tusKd ;tjrwf • tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;odaYk y;&rnfh xnf0h ifaiG
wpfpkHwpf&mtwGuf tcaMu;aiGtm; aiGom;ESifhypönf; rsm;/
aygif;pyfí ay;acsEikd yf gonf/ • vlrIzlvkHa&;xnfh0ifaiGrsm;/
• tvkyrf qif;onf&h ufrsm;/ (cGirhf ,lb)J
rnfonft h vkyo f rm;rqdk ¤if;wdaYk wmif;qdo k nfh tcaMu;aiG • 'PfaiGrsm;/
ESihf tusKd ;cHpm;cGit hf m;vk;H r&&Syd gu pnf;urf;csKd ;azmufc&H onfh • tvkyo f rm;\ ayghavsmrh EI iS hf rSm;,Gi;f rIwaYkd Mumifh
wpf E S p f t wG i f ; trsd K ;om;tqif h (od k Y ) wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; / jzpfay:vmonfh ypön;f (od)Yk aiGaMu;ysupf ;D qk;H ½I;H rI/
jynfe,ftqifah umfrwDrsm;odw Yk ifjyí epfemaomtcaMu;aiG (tvkyo f rm;rsm;taejzifh aysmufq;Hk aiGaMu; (od)Yk
ESifh tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;&&Sda&;twGuf awmif;qdkEdkifygonf/ ypönf;twGuf wdkuf½dkufwm0ef,l&rnf? ¤if;wdkY
tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;½kH;onf vkyfief;cGiftm; Oya'ESifh tay:pGyfpGJcsufrsm;tm; jyefvnfckcHydkifcGifhvnf;
vduk af vsmnDaxGrI &S^d r&Sd ppfaq;Edik Nf y;D Oya'udck sKd ;azmuf ay;&rnf)
aomtvky&f iS rf sm;tm; oufqikd &f m jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f (od)Yk • tvky&f iS (f od)Yk tpd;k &rSay;xm;onfh tdr&f mESihf tjcm;
jynfe,faumfrwDw\ Ykd twnfjyKcsujf zifh w&m;pGq J í
kd tc 0efaqmifrIrsm;/ (Ekwf,ljzwfawmufaiGwdkYonf
aMu;aiG awmif;cHEikd yf gonf/ tpd;k &rSowfrw S x
f m;onfw h efz;kd rsm;xufyí kd rjrifEh ikd yf g)
• tvkyo f rm;rSay;aqmif&rnfh 0ifaiGceG rf sm;/
tvky&f iS rf sm;onf tvkyo
f rm;rsm;tm; vkyif ef;\ tenf;qk;H • w&m;½k;H rStrdecYf srw S vf ukd of nfh Ekw, f jl zwfawmuf
tcaMu;aiGukd today;xm;&rnfjzpfNy;D vkyif ef;cGiwf iG f vkycf jcif;rsm;/
vpmEIef;? vcxkwf&uf? 'PfaiGESifh Ekwf,ljzwfawmuf • &efyakH iGrS BuKd wifxw k ,f al iGtm; jyefvnfay;acsjcif;
jcif;jyKvkyf&onfhjzpfpOfwdkYtm; today;pmuyfxm;&rnf • tvkyo f rm;wpfO;D csi;f rS vufrw S tf axmuftxm;
jzpfonf/ ygonfh tpd;k &twnfjyKxm;onfh aiGpk pDrcH surf sm;/
tpdk;&ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdrsm;onf tenf;qkH;tcaMu;aiG tcaMu;aiG&&Srd nfh umvrSEw k ,
f jl zwfawmufrI pkpak ygif;onf
Oya'tusK;H 0ifaeonfh rnfonfv h yk if ef;cGiof rYkd qdk 0ifa&muf (tvkyyf suu f uG o f nft
h wGuf Ekw, f jl zwfawmufjcif; ryg0if
ppfaq;cGifh&SdNyD; Oya'tm; av;pm;vdkufemjcif; &Sd^r&Sdudk yg/) tvkyo f rm;&&Srd nfh tcaMu;aiG\ (50)% xufyrkd nf
qH;k jzwfEidk &f efjzpfonf/ ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sw d iG f tjcm;tvky&f iS f r[kwyf g/ tvkyf twGuv f t
kd yfonfh ypön;f (od)Yk ud&,d mrsm;
rsm;xHrS jyifypmcsKyf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tygt0if vkyif ef;cGirf S twGuf Ekw, f jl zwfawmufrI rjyKvyk &f yg/
tvkyo f rm; wdEYk iS qhf ufpyfaeonfh vpmpm&if;? tvkyo f rm;
pm&if;? pm&if;Z,m;rsm;ESihf tjcm;aom tcaMu;aiGqikd &f m tvky&f iS w
f oYkd nf tvkyo f rm;wdb Yk ufrS 'PfaiGcsrw S jf cif;ESihf
pm½Gupf mwrf;rsm;udk rdwLå ul;,l ppfaq;ydik cf iG &hf o dS nf/ ywfoufNyD ckcu H muG,cf iG hf r&&Sad o;cifwiG vf yk if ef;cGipf nf;rsO;f
jy|mef;csurf sm;t& 'PfaiGcsrw S í f r&yg/ tvky&f iS w f o
Ykd nf
ppf a q;a&;t&m&S d r sm;onf ouf q d k i f & m0ef B uD ; Xmetm; (16)ESpaf tmuf tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk 'PfaiGcsrw S íf r&yg/
¤if;wd\ Yk tcaMu;aiGqikd &f mawGU&Scd surf sm;udk tpD&ifcwH ifjy
&rnfjzpfNy;D 0efBu;D XmerS oufqikd &f mtcaMu;aiGaumfrwDtm; 'PfaiGudk t&pfusoabmjzifh aumufcHír&yg/ 'PfaiG
awGU&Scd surf sm;tm; rQa0ay;rnfjzpfonf/ tvky&f iS rf sm;onf owfrSwfNyD; &ufaygif;(60)xufausmfNyD;aumufcHír&yg/
 16

tvkyf&SifrS 'PfaiGrsm;tm; pm&if;oGif;xm;NyD; FGLLID \ 3.7/ Ek w f , l j zwf a wmuf j cif ; ES i f h 'Pf a iG wd k Y u d k

twnfjyKcsujf zifh tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ tusKd ;jzpfxeG ;f aprnfh uef Y u G u f j cif ; rsm;
t&mwdwYk iG f tok;H jyK&rnf/ (PWA Sec.’s 12-13)
vpmrS Ekwf,ljzwfawmufjcif;qdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;(odkY)
3.6/ tvk y f r qif ; onf h u mvtwG u f t caMu;aiG r S vpmay;acsrI aemufusjcif;aMumifjh zpfay:vmonfh tjiif;yGm;
Ek w f , l j zwf a wmuf j cif ; rIrsm;udk tvkyo f rm; a&;&mtjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Si;f a&; Oya'wGif
(PWA Sec.’s 7-11) jy|mef;xm;onfh tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Sif;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzifh
w&m;0ifcpH m;&So d nfh cGi&hf ufrsm; (ESpt f vdu
k cf iG ?hf emruse;f cGihf udik w f ,
G af jz&Si;f &rnf/ yxrOD;pGmyg0ifonfh yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf
(od)Yk tjcm;cHpm;cGirhf sm;)wGif tusK;H 0ifaom ysu&f ufrsm;twGuf ¤if;wdkY\wdkifMum;csufrsm;udk ajcmufvtwGif; WCC odkY
tcaMu;aiGrS jzwfawmufjcif;udk rjyKvyk o f ifyh g/ wifoGif;&rnfjzpfNyD; WCC rS rajz&Sif;ay;Edkifygu tvkyf
orm;ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sx d o
H Ykd wifoiG ;f &rnfjzpfonf/ tvkyf
tvkyrf qif;onfu h mvtwGut f caMu;aiGrES wk ,
f l jzwfawmuf orm; ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdonf ¤if;xHodkYa&muf&Sdvmaom
&mwGif tvkyo f rm;u wm0efxrf;aqmif&ef ysuu f u
G frt
I wGuf trItm; ppfaq;ítrdefYcsrSwfEdkifygonf/ yg0ifonfhyk*¾dKvf
Ek w f , l j zwf a wmuf a iG r sm;rS t y tvk y f o rm;&&S d o nf h wpfOD;OD;rS ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd\ trdefYudkauseyfrIr&Sdygu
wpfvpmvkycf \ 50 % xuf rydo k ifah y/ &ufaygif;(30)twGi;f ppfaq;a&; t&m&Scd sKyx f o H Ykd t,lc0H if
Edik yf gonf/ ppfaq;a&;t&m&Scd sKyrf S csrw S v
f ukd of nfh trdeYf
Ekw,
f jl zwfawmufjcif;udk atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;tvdu k f tvkyf onf aemufq;Hk yifjzpfonf/
orm;\jyKvk y f r I ( od k Y ) ysuf u G u f r I t wG u f 'Pf a iG t jzpf
owfrSwfEdkifonf/ jrefrmhOya'onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; tvky½f (Hk od)Yk puf½wHk iG f
• tvky&f iS u f tvkyo f rm;tm; yGiv hf if;,kMH unfpmG jzifh tcaMu;aiGay;&efwm0ef&o dS nfh refae*sm? Bu;D Muyfa&;rSL;(od)Yk
tyfESHxm;aom wpfpkHwpfck ysufpD;qkH;½IH;rI(odkY) pma&;ponfh wm0ef&Sdaomyk*¾dKvfxHrS tvkyf½kHydkif&Siftm;
aiGaMu;wdu k ½f ukd q
f ;Hk ½I;H rIwjYkd zpfaponfh tvkyo f rm; w&m;pGq J rkd rI jyKcifwiG f tcaMu;aiGrsm;udk jyefvnfawmif;qdk
\ wrif v spf v sL½I r I ? aygh q rI ? tvk y f o rm;rS Edik cf iG hf jyKxm;ygonf/ ,if;rSmvufawGUusonfh pOf;pm;csuf
r½d;k ajzmifah omoabmjzifjh yKvyk rf I (od)Yk ysuu f uG rf /I jzpfonf/ tvkyf½kH(odkY) puf½kHydkif&Sifonf EdkifiHtwGif;yif
• tvkyfcefYxm;a&;oabmwlpmcsKyfwGif oD;oefY aeavh&o dS nfr[kwyf g/ xdaYk Mumifh yxrqk;H taejzifh tcaMu;
jy|mef;xm;onfh vkyif ef;cGipf nf;rsO;f rsm;udk tvkyf aiG a y;acsrI t wG u f wm0ef o nf yd k i f & S i f ^ tvk y f & S i f \
orm;rScsKd ;zsurf /I ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfol tay:wGio f m usa&mufvmNy;D xdo k rl mS
tcaMu;aiGay;acsrt I wGuf wm0ef&ydS gonf/
xdkuJhodkY Ekwf,ljzwfawmufjcif;rsdK;udk tvkyf&SifrS MOLIP
tvky½f EHk iS t
hf vkyo f rm; Oya'ppfaq;a&;OD;pD;XmerS cGijhf yKcsuf tvkyof rm;taejzifh wm0ef&ydS *k Kd¾ vx f rH S ¤if;wd\
Yk vkycf vpmudk
&&SdNyD;rSom jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ tvkyform;\ jyKvkyfrI(odkY) jyefvnfr&&SdEdkifonfhtcgwGifom ydkif&Sif^tvkyf&SifxHrS
ysufuGufrIaMumifhjzpfay:vmaom tysuftpD;(odkY) qkH;½IH;rI jyefvnfawmif;qdrk I jyKvyk Ef ikd yf gonf//
twGuf 'PfaiGtjzpf Ekwf,ljzwfawmufjcif;onf ysufpD;
qk;H ½I;H rI\wefz;kd xufrausmv f eG o
f ifo
h nft
h jyif xdt
k vkyo f rm;
vpm\ (5)%xuf rausmfvGefoifhyg/ touf(16) ESpf
atmuf&dS tvkyo f rm;\tcaMu;aiGrS 'PfaiGtjzpf Ekw, f l
jzwfawmufjcif; rjyK&yg/

tvky&f iS of nf tjcm;rnfonft h aMumif;t&maMumifrh Q tvkyf

orm;\ tcaMu;aiGrsm;xJrS Ekwf,ljzwfawmufír&yg/
tvkyo f rm;tm;ajz&Si;f cGirhf ay;bJ Ekw,f jl zwfawmufjcif;udk
rjyKvyk &f yg/
17 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

4/ tvkyfcsdefESifh tcsdefydk udv

k nf; wpfygwnf; taMumif;Mum;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/

tem;,lEdkifonfhaeYudkowfrSwfNyD;aemuf tvkyf&Sifrsm;onf
4.1/ tvk y f c sd e f r sm; tpd;k &ESit
hf vkyo
f rm;tm;vk;H tm; tem;,l&uftajymif;tvJ
(FA Sec.’s 59-66; ShE Sec.’s 11-17) &Syd gu tenf;qk;H 24 em&DBuKd wifítaMumif;Mum;xm;&rnf/
puf½rHk sm;rS t½G,af &muftvkyo f rm;rsm;onf wpf&ufvQif rnforl S tem;,l&ufr&bJ(10)&ufxufyí kd qufwu kd t
f vkyf
(8)em&Dxufyí kd (od)Yk wpfywfvQif (44)em&Dxufyí kd tvkyf vkyfp&mrvdkyg/
rvkyf&yg/ qdkifrsm;^tvkyfXmersm;rS t½G,fa&muftvkyf
orm;rsm;onf wpf&ufvQi(f 8)em&Dxufyí kd (od)Yk wpfywfvQif tem;,l&ufrsm;wGif tvkyv f yk o
f nfh tvkyo
f rm;rsm;tm; 2
48 em&Dxufyí kd tvkyrf vky&f yg/ tem;,lonfu h mvwGif vtwGif; wlnDonfh ta&twGuftwdkif; ydwf&ufrsm;udk
tcaMu;aiGr&&Syd g/ tvkyv f yk o
f nfah eYtwGuf tvkycf sed u f kd jyefvnfcHpm;cGifhjyKxm;ygonf/
pDpOfowfrw S x
f m;jcif;jzifh tvkyo f rm;rsm;taejzifh tenf;qk;H
em;csdefrdepf(30)&&SdNyD? wpfqufwnf;(5)em&D xufydkí tqdik ;f tm;vk;H twGuf tvkycf sed Zf ,m;udk BuKd wifí owfrw S f
tvkyv f yk f p&m rvdak p&efjzpfonf/ odaYk omf tvkyv f yk o
f nfh xm;&rnfjzpfNy;D vkyif ef;xJwiG f today;xm;&ygrnf/ tvkyf
aetwGuf pDpOfowfrSwfxm;aom tvkyfcsdefESifhem;csdef &Sio
f nf vkyif ef;rpcifü ppfaq;a&;t&m&St d m; tqdjk yKxm;
pkpak ygif;onf 10em&Dxuf rausmv f eG &f yg/ onfhZ,m;udk wifjy&rnfjzpfNyD; ajymif;vJrI&Sdyguvnf;
ppfaq;a&;t&m&St d m; today;&rnfjzpfonf/ touf(16)
puf½rHk sm;&Sd pufrv
I yk if ef;rsm;wGiv
f yk u
f ikd af eonfh t½G,af &muf ESpf atmuf&t dS vkyof rm;rsm;twGuf tqdik ;f rsm;udk ppfaq;
Ny;D om; trsKd ;om;tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf &ufowåywfvQif 48 a&;t&m&S d c sKyf \ twnf j yKcsuf r&&S d y gu wpf v vQif
em&Dumvywfv;Hk pOfqufrjywf tvkyv f yk &f ef vdt
k yfaumif; wpfBurd o f m ajymif;vJEikd yf gonf/
vdktyfEdkifygonf/23

touf(14)ESpEf iS hf (18)ESpMf um;&Sd i,f½, G af omtvkyo f rm;

rsm;\ tvkycf sed Ef iS yhf wfoufí tcef;(14)uav;vkyo f m;ESihf
i,f½,G af omtvkyo f rm;rsm;tcef;wGif Munf½h yI g/

4.2/ tywf p Of e m;&uf r sm;

(FA Sec.’s 59-67; ShE Sec.’s 15; LHA Sec. 3)
cGi&hf ufEiS hf tvkyyf w
d &f ufOya't& tvkyo f rm;tm;vk;H onf
vpmrsm;wGucf su&f mwGiyf g0ifaom &ufowåywfvQif vpm
tjynfhjzifh tem;,lEdkifonfh&ufwpf&ufudk &&Sdxm;ygonf/
tvkyf½kHrsm; tufOya'wGiftusKH;0ifonfh vkyfiefrsm;onf
&ufowåwpfywfvQif tem;,l&rnf&h ufukd we*FaEGaeYtm;
ay;xm;&ygrnf/ qdkifrsm;ESifh tvkyfXmersm;tufOya'wGif
tusKH;0ifonfh vkyfief;rsm;onf tem;,l&rnfh&uftm;
&ufowåywf\wpf&ufudk a½G;cs,fEdkifygonf/ oef;acgif
ausmrf t S vkyv f yk o
f nfh tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf tjynft h 0
tem;,l&rnfh&ufonf aemufqkH;tqdkif;tNyD;wGif pwif
ygonf/

tvk y f v d k t yf c suf a Mumif h we*F a EG a eY w G i f t vk y f q if ; rI

rjyKvkyfcifü tvkyf&Sifonf tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;½kH;ESifh
¤if;\tvkyform;rsm;tm; xdktvkyfvkyf&onfhaeYtwGuf
&nf½,G cf suu f akd zmfjyí jyefvnftpm;xd;k tem;,lEikd o f nfah eY
2 3 rjzpfraequfvufvkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfonfhvkyfief;pOf [laoma0g[m&onf aeYa&mnyg&yfem;jcif;rjyKbJ? vkyfaqmif&rnfh (oH&nfusdKavrIwfzdkrsm;?
ukwrf ;D aoG;xkwvf yk jf cif;? wGi;f xGuaf &eHoefpY ifjcif;? "mwkpuf½&Hk v
dS yk if ef;cGrJ sm; (od)Yk vkyif ef;aqmif½u
G rf rI sm;? bdvyfajrxkwv
f yk jf cif;? qm;xkwv
f yk jf cif;? owåLwGi;f
vkyfief;rsm; uJhodkYaom (odkY) xkwfukefypönf;\ ysufpD;vG,faom oabmobm0aMumifh? (a,bk,stm;jzifh EdkYxGufypönf;xkwfukefrsm;uJhodkYaom (ESifh)
trsm;jynfo0l efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm; (a&?"mwfaiGU? vQypf pf) jzpfaomaMumifh 7&uf ywfv;Hk qufvufvyk af qmif&ef vdt k yfonfeh nf;ynmqdik &f m vkyif ef;pOfrsm;
yg&So
d nfh tvkyt f udik Ef iS hf tusK;H 0ifygonf/
ttp://www.ILO.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc93/pdf/rep-iii-1b.pdf Fn. 102.
 18

4.3/ tcsd e f y d k t vk y f tvky½f rHk sm;tufOya't& tcsed yf t

kd caMu;aiG
(FA Sec. 64, 73; ShE Sec.’s 11, 17)
EIef;xm; wGufcsufrI
aps;qdkifrsm;ESifh tvkyf½kHrsm;rStvkyform;wdkYonf rnfonfh
&ufowåywftwGurf qdk 12 em&Dxufyí kd tvkyrf vky&f yg/ tvk y f ½ k H r sm;enf ; Oya'(1935)\ ñT e f M um;csuf
odkYaomf tcsdefydkvkyf&efvdktyfonfh oD;oefYudpö&yfrsm;
&Sv
d mygu ,if;tcsed yf kd tvkyo f nf rnfonf&h ufowåywf vcpm;tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f
twGurf qdk 16 em&Dxufrydo k ifah y/ xdjYk yif tcsed yf t
kd vkyf
qif;csed o
f nf oef;acgif,x H ufrausmv f eG &f yg/24 tajccHvpm _ 12 v
_ 2 q = wpfem&DpmEIe;f
52 ywf _ 44 em&D (od)Yk 48 em&D
puf½rHk sm;rS tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf tcsed yf q kd if;&rnfeh m&Dukd
25
ñTefMum;csuf wGif xnfhoGif;jy|mef;xm;ygonf/ pOfquf aeY p m;tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f
rjywf tvkyv f yk u
f ikd pf &mrvdok nfh tvkyof rm;rsm;twGuf aeYpm;c _ 6 &uf
tcsed yf ekd m&Donf wpfywfvQif em&D(20)xufryd&k yg/ qdv k o kd nf _ 2 q = wpfem&DpmEIe;f
44 em&D (od)Yk 48 em&D
rSm wevFmaeYrS aomMumaeYtxd twGu(f 15)em&DEiS hf paeYaeY
twGu(f 5)em&Dom owfrw S x
f m;ygonf/ wpfaeYvQi(f 8)em&D ,l e pf t vd k u f t caMu;aiG & S i f ; ay;&onf h
ESifh wpfywfvQif(44)em&Dxufausmfí tvkyfvkyf&onfh tvk y f o rm;rsm;twG u f
tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; tcsed yf ekd m&Drsm;twGuf (axmufyahH Mu;
ryg0ifyg/) omreftcaMu;aiGEeI ;f xuf ESpq f wd;k í ay;&rnf ysr;f rQaeYpOf0ifaiG _ 6 &uf
_ 2 q = wpfem&DpmEIe;f
jzpfonf/ pOfqufrjywf tvkyfvkyfudkif&onfh puf½kHrsm;rS 44 em&D (od)Yk 48 em&D
t½G,fa&mufNyD;om; trsdK;om;tvkyform;rsm;taejzifh
&ufowåywfwGif(48)em&Dxufydkí tvkyfvkyfNyD;aemuf
tcsdefydkem&Drsm;udk omreftcaMu;aiG EIef;xufESpfqwdk;í touf(14)ESifh (18)ESpfMum;&Sd i,f½G,faomtvkyform;
pkaygif;&&Srd nfjzpfonf/ rsm;twGuf tcsed yf t kd vkyEf iS phf yfvsO;f í tcef;(14) uav;
vkyof m;ESihf i,f½,
G af omtvkyo f rm;rsm;tcef;wGiMf unf½h yI g/
tcsd e f y d k v k y f & aom ,l e pf t vd k u f tcaMu;aiG & &S d o nf h
tvkyform;rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ysrf;rQ0ifaiGxuf ESpfqydkí
ay;acs&rnf/ ,if;yQr;f rQ0ifaiGwu Ykd kd ppfaq;a&;t&m&Scd sKyrf S
tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform; udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYESifh wdkifyifí
owfrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

2 4 yk'rf 17(u)wGif tcsed yf t

kd caMu;aiGrsm;udk qdik rf sm;ESit
hf vkyXf mersm;Oya'wGif owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;onfh EIe;f xm;rsm;twdik ;f wGucf su&f rnf[k owfrw
S jf y|mef;
xm;ygonf/ od&Yk mwGif ,if;Oya'onf xdt k csed yf tkd caMu;aiGEeI ;f xm;rsm;udk owfrw
S jf y|mef;xm;jcif;r&Sad y/
2 5 ñTeMfY um;csut
f rSw?f 615/2/tv&-Oya'2/12(1584)?&ufp?JG 2012 ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv (11)&uf/
19 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

5/ trsm;jynfol tvkyfydwf&ufESifhcGifh&uf wdt Yk wGu(f 90)&uftxd (od)Yk rdro d abmtavsmuf tvkyf

qdik ;f iHx h m;rI? tvkyyf w
d jf cif;(od)Yk w&m;0if oydwaf rSmufjcif;
wdtYk wGuf pkpak ygif;(30) uftxd tvkyef m;cGi&hf o dS nf/) touf
(15)ESpaf tmufi,fonfh tvkyo f rm;rsm;taejzifh vkyo
f uf
cGiu hf kd (14)&ufqufwu kd cf pH m;cGi&hf o
dS nf/

tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; cGirhf ,lcifwiG f cGi&hf ufwt Ykd wGuf ysr;f rQ

tcaMu;aiG (od k Y ) vk y f c vpmud k ay;acs&rnf / ysrf ; rQ
tcaMu;aiGwdkYwGufcsufonfhtcgwGif tcaMu;aiGay;acs
onfOh ya'udjk yifqifonfh Oya'yg yk'rf - 2 (u)(2)wGif tc
aMu;aiGqdkif&m t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkcsuf? tcsdefydkaMu;? tvkyf
aumif;rGefpGmvkyfonfhtwGuf(odkY) pm&dwåaumif;rGefonfh
twGuf qkaMu;aiG? tjcm;aom tcaMu;aiGrsm;ESihf 0ifaiG
tjzpf owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nfh tusKd ;cHpm;cGirhf sm;yg0ifonf/
5.1/ trsm;jynf o l t vk y f y d w f & uf r sm;
(LHA Sec. 3) vkyo f ufciG u hf kd qufwu kd tf ok;H jyK&rnf/ vkyo f ufciG &hf xdu
k f
cGifh&ufESifhtvkyfydwf&ufOya'wGif tvkyf½kHrsm;? rD;&xm;? aponf h 12 vwm pk a ygif ; umvtNyD ; (3)vtwG i f ;
oabFmqdyrf sm;? a&eHajr? owåKwiG ;f rsm;? qdik rf sm;ESihf tvkyXf me cGit
hf ok;H jyKEikd rf nft h csed u f kd tvky&f iS rf sm;uowfrw
S yf gonf/
rsm;? tpd;k & tvky½f rHk sm;rS tNrw
J rf;(od)Yk ,m,D tvkyo f rm;rsm; tvk y f & S i f E S i f h tvk y f o rm;wd k Y o nf tvk y f o rm;tok H ;
tusK;H 0ifonf/ Oya'onf rdom;pk vkyif ef;i,frsm;rS rdom;pk rjyK&ao;onfch iG &hf ufrsm;udk ok;H ESpw f mumvtxd ul;ajymif;
0ifrsm; (cifyeG ;f ?ZeD;? rdb? om;orD;ESihf armifErS &if;csmrsm;)? ,lomG ;&efoabmwlEikd yf gonf/ (tcef;(14) uav; tvkyf
&S,f,m0ifrsm;? tdrftultvkyform;rsm;? tpdk;&puf½kH? orm;cGihf twGuu f av; vkyo f m;tcef;wGiMf unfyh g/)
tvky½f rHk sm;rS tvkyo f rm;rsm;r[kwo f nfh tjcm;tvkyo f rm;
rsm;tay: tusKd ;oufa&mufrrI &Syd g/ cGi&hf ufEiS t
hf vkyyf w
d &f uftufOya't& tvkyo f rm;wdo Yk nf
emruse;f jzpfr?I xdcu kd 'f Pf&m&rI? cGijhf yKxm;onfh ysuu f u G rf I
jynfoUl tvkyyf w d &f ufwiG t f vkyvf yk o
f nfh tvkyo f rm;rsm;udfk ponfwdkYaMumifh tenf;qkH;(24)&uf tvkyfrvkyfonfh
omrefEeI ;f xufEpS q f ydí k ay;acs&rnfjzpfNy;D oifah vsmo f vdk vwdkif;twGuf vkyfoufcGifhwpf&ufudk tqkH;½IH;cH&ygrnf/
&Sm;yg;p&dwcf pH m;cGiu hf kd (omrefEeI ;f xm; twdik ;f )ay;acs&rnf/ tvkyf&SifESifhtvkyform;wdkYu ¤if;wdkY\ tvkyfcefYxm;a&;
oabmwlpmcsKyf (odkY)pkaygif; ñ§dEIdif;oabmwlcsufwGif
tvkyef m;&uf(od)Yk tjcm;aomtvkyyf w d &f ufwiG f usa&muf þrl0g'udv k w
G v
f yfpmG jyifqifciG &hf ydS gonf/ odaYk omf wpfv
onfh trsm;jynfoUl tvkyyf w
d &f ufukd tjcm;wpf&ufwiG , f í
l vQi(f 24)&ufta&twGux f uf ausmv f eG í
f wd;k jri§ Ehf ikd cf iG rhf &Syd g/
r&yg/
cGi&hf ufrsm;udk tok;H rjyKrED w
k x
f u
G o
f nf(h od)Yk tvky&f yfpo J nfh
Ak'¨bmom0ifr[kwfonfholrsm;twGuf bmoma&;qdkif&m tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ tok;H rjyK&ao;onfh cGit hf wGuf Ny;D cJo
h nfh
tvkyyf w
d &f ufrsm;udk tvky&f iS Ef iS hf tvkyo f rm;Mum; oabm &ufaygif;(30) rS ysr;f rQaeYpOf tcaMu;aiGrsm;tay:tajccHí
wlncD sutf ay:rlwnfí owfrw S Ef ikd Nf y;D tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk aiGay;acs&rnf/ tok;H rjyK&ao;onfch iG t hf wGuf tcaMu;aiG
tcaMu;aiGay;&ef rvdyk g/ udk ESp&f uftwGi;f tvkyo f rm;tm; ay;acs&rnf/

5.2/ vk y f o uf c G i f h
(LHA Sec. 4)
tvkyform;tm;vkH;onf yxr(12)vqufwdkuf tvkyf
vkyfudkifNyD;aemuf wpfESpfvQif vkyfcjynfhcGifh&uf(10)&ufudk
cHpm;cGifh&Sdonf/ (pOfqufrjywfvkyfudkif&onfh tvkyfwGif
emruse;f rI? xdcukd 'f Pf&m&rIEiS hf cGijhf yKxm;onfh ysuu
f u
G rf I
2 6 awmfveS af &;aumifpt
D pd;k &\1964 ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv (28) &ufaeYwiG x
f w
k jf yefonfh trdeaYf MumfjimpmtrSw-f 138udk taMumif;jyKítpd;k &onf ESppf Of Edik if aH wmf
jyefwrf;wGif trsm;jynfoltvkyfydwf&ufrsm;udk xkwfjyefaMunmygonf/
 20

5.3/ a&S m if w cif c G i f h E S i f h tjcm;aomcG i f h 5.5/ rD;zGm;cGifhESifh arG;uif;puav;zcifudkay;aomcGifh

(LHA Sec.’s 5-6; MW Sec. 14) (LHA Amendment Sec. 7, SSL Sec.’s 25-28;
tvkyo f rm;rsm;wGif wpfEpS v f Qif vkycf jynfh a&SmifwcifciG hf (6) SS Rules 115-121)
&uf cHpm;cGi&hf o
dS nf/ tvkyo f rm;rsm;u a&SmifwcGicf iG t hf m; udk,f0ef&Sdaomrdcifrsm;udk rD;rzGm;rDcGifh &ufowå(6)ywfESifh
wpfBurd v
f Qi(f 3)&uftxdcpH m;Edik af omfvnf; a&SmifwcifciG u hf kd rD;zGm;NyD;cGifh &ufowå(8)ywftygt0if pkpkaygif; rD;zGm;cGifh
tjcm;aomcGit hf rsKd ;tpm;rsm; (vkyof ufciG u hf o
hJ )Ykd jzifh aygif; &ufowå(14)ywfay;xm;Ny;D rD;zGm;cGiEhf iS hf aq;cGiu
hf kd aq;cGihf
r,lEdkifyg/ tokH;rjyK&ao;onfh? a&SmifwcifcGifh&ufonf jynfhrDonftxd wpfqufwnf;,lcGifh&Sdonf/
ESpw
f pfEpS \
f tqk;H owfwiG f ysujf y,fomG ;rnfjzpfonf/
zcif r sm;u arG ; uif ; puav;zcif u d k a y;aomcG i f h u d k 15
a&SmifwcifciG u
hf kd rarQmv
f ifx
h m;aom(od)Yk ½kww
f &ufjzpfaom &uftxd cHpm;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
cGifh[lí em;vnfEdkifNyD; rdom;pk0ifwpfOD;\ tokbtcrf;
tem;wufa&muf&ef(odkY) cifyGef;^ZeD;(odkY) om;orD;wdkY\ cGi&hf ufEiS hf tvkyyf w
d &f uf Oya't& ,if;uJo
h aYkd omcGit hf wGuf
use;f rma&;udpö twGu&f ,lEikd yf gonf/27 tcaMu;aiGay;acs&efrmS tvkyo f rm;u vlrzI v l aHk &;pDrcH suf
wGif xnfh0ifaMu;ay;rxm;ygu tvkyf&Sif\wm0efyif
5.4/ aq;cG i f h jzpfonf/
(LHA Sec.’s 6, 8; MW Sec. 14)
tvky&f iS uf tvkyo f rm;\ emruse;f jcif;aMumifh tvkyrf vkyf rD;zGm;cGihf arG;uif;puav; zcifuakd y;aomcGiq hf ikd &f m tusKd ;
Edik o
f nft
h cgwGif aq;uko&eftwGuf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; cHpm;cGirhf sm;udk ydí
k tao;pdwo
f &d v
dS ykd gu tcef;(7)udk Munfyh g/
tcaMu;aiGrS Ekw, f jl zwfawmufrrI &Sb
d J cGiahf y;&rnf/

tenf;qkH;(6)vtvkyfvkyfNyD;aom tvkyform;rsm;onf
aq;vufrw S w
f ifjy&NyD wpfEpS v
f Qi(f 30)&uftxd vkycf jynfh
aq;cGiuhf kd &,lEikd yf gonf/ tvkyo f rm;rsm;u aq;cGit hf wGi;f
&ufowå(1)ywfcsi;f pDwiG f ¤if;wd\ Yk ysr;f rQaeYpm;crsm;udk ay;acs
&efawmif;qdck iG hf &Syd gonf/ tok;H rjyK&ao;onfah q;cGio hf nf
ESpfwpfESpf\tqkH;owfwGif ysufjy,fonf/ (6)v rjynfh
ao;onfh tvkyform;rsm;onf vkyfcrJhaq;cGifhudk &,lEdkif
ygonf/

aq;vufrSwfudku@tvkduf? pufrIvufrI vkyfief;tvdkuf

odrYk [kwf oufqikd &f mvkyif ef;Xmetvdu
k f twnfjyKxm;aom
aq;Xme odrYk [kwf q&m0efrS odrYk [kwf tjcm;aomvufrw S &f
q&m0efxrH S &,lEikd o f nf/

&moDtvduk t f vkyo f rm;rsm;ESihf (12)v qufwu kd f wpfquf

wnf tvkyrf vkyu f ikd &f aom tvkyrf S tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf
tvkyfumvtwdkif; twmESifhtcsdK;nDaom vkyfoufcGifh?
a&SmifwcifciG Ehf iS hf aq;cGiw hf u
Ykd &kd &S&d rnf/

2 7 2016ckEpS ?f Zlvikd v
f (4) &ufaeYwiG t
f vky½f EHk iS hf tvkyo
f rm;Oya'ppfaq;a&;OD;pD;Xmeu tdik t
f ,f(vf)tdo
k aYkd y;ydcYk o
hJ nfh &Si;f vif;azmfjycsu/f
21 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

6/ vkyfief;cGif ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;twGuf ta&;ay:xGufaygufvrf;aMumif;

rsm;udk vkyif ef;\ tcef;wdik ;f wGif &Si;f vif;pGmxm;&Sad y;&rnf
usef;rma&;28 jzpfonf/ tvkyf&Sifwdkif;onf tvkyform;rsm;tm;vkH;udk
6.1/ BudKwifumuG,frI aqmif½Gufcsufrsm; ta&;ay:xGuaf ygufvyk if ef;pOfrsm;ESihf &if;ES;D ap&efEiS hf ta&;
(FA Sec.’s 12, 37, 106; SSL Sec’s 2, 53) ay:tajctaersm;wGif vkyif ef;pOfrsm;twdik ;f vdu k ef maqmif
½GuEf ikd &f ef aocsmpGmavhusiahf y;xm;&rnf/
vkyfief;cGifab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh usef;rma&;twGuf
aocsmrI&Sdap&ef tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;ESpfzufpvkH;wGif
tvky&f iS rf sm;onf rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEdik af om tajctae
wm0ef&í dS ta&;ygaomtcef;u@rSyg0ifygonf/ tvky&f iS f
rsm;tm;vk;H udk [efw Y m;xm;&rnfjzpfNy;D vkyif ef;rSxu G af om
u tvky½f rHk sm;tufOya't& tumtuG,q f ikd &f m ud&,
d m
zkerf eI rYf sm;? rD;cd;k aiGUrsm;? tcd;k taiGUrsm;udk z,f&mS ;jcif;tm;jzifh
wefqmyvmESifh tjcm;tpDtrHrsm; yHhydk;ay;&rnfjzpfNyD
aygufurJG rI sm;udk umuG,x f m;&rnfjzpfonf/ aygufuw JG wf
,if;twGuf tvkyo f rm;xHrS aiGrawmif;cH&yg/
aom? rD;avmifvG,faom ypönf;rsm;yg0ifaompufrsm;
odrYk [kwf ukeaf owåmrsm;tm; ajymif;vJjyifqifjcif;udk ppfaq;
vk y f i ef ; cG i f x d c d k u f ' Pf & m&rI E S i f h zsm;emrI r sm;rS Bud K wif
a&;t&m&Su d ñTeMf um;cdik ;f ap&rnfjzpfonf/
umuG,Ef ikd &f eftwGuf ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Si;f a&;? use;f rma&;
tpDtpOfEiS hf tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ ynma&;wdu Yk kd wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;
zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyt Hk & vkjH cKH rrI &Sad om (od)Yk rD;ab;tEÅ&m,f
ap&ef tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;wdkYu vlrIzlvkHa&;tzGJUESifh
pdwrf cs&aomvkyif ef;rsm;[k owfrw S q f jkH zwfEidk &f ef ppfaq;a&;
n§dEIdif;aqmif½Guf&rnf/
t&m&Srd sm;onf Oya'ESit hf nD vdt k yfaom jyifqifajymif;vJrI
rsm;udk pm&if;ESiw
hf uG aemufq;Hk xm;Ny;D &rnfh &ufyg0ifvsuf
tvkyo f rm;rsm;tzdYk vkyif ef;cGit f ajctaewpf&yfu ¤if;wdYk
tvky&f iS t
f m;trdepYf m xkwaf y;cGi&hf o dS nf/
tm; ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfaprnf[k ,kMH unfvQif tvkyu f &kd yfí
xGucf mG oGm;cGi&hf NdS y;D ,if;udk oydwaf rSmufrt
I jzpfr,lq&yg/
taqmuftOD;wpfcv k ;Hk odrYk [kwf wpfpwd w
f pfyikd ;f ? jzwfoef;
oGm;vm&mvrf;aMumif;? puf,EÅ&m; odrYk [kwf vlUtouf(od)Yk
6.2/ rD;ESifh taqmuftOD vkHjcHKa&;
vkjH cKH ru
I t
kd EÅ&m,fjzpfEidk af om tvky½f t
Hk wGi;f rS pufypön;f rsm;
(FA Sec.’s 34, 39-42)
ponfwdkY tokH;jyKjcif;udk qkH;jzwfpdppfaom ppfaq;a&;
Murf;cif;rsm;? avSum;xpf? avSum;? pBuFefvrf;ESifh t0if t&m&Srd sm;u tvkyrf efae*smudk ¤if;tEÅ&m,f&adS om ypön;f
txGufpBuFeftm;vkH;udk aocsmpGmwnfaqmufxm;&rnf rsm;tm; usepGm ajymif;vJjyifqifrrI sm; jyKvyk Nf y;D onftxd
jzpfNy;D ususeexde;f orf;xm;&rnf/ xdjYk yif vdt
k yfonfh ae&m tok;H jyKjcif;rS wm;jrpfxm;&ef trdepYf m xkwaf y;cGi&hf o dS nf/
wGif cdik cf ahH omvuf&ef;rsm;&S&d rnf/
6.3/ vk y f i ef ; cG i f a e&mtus,f t 0ef ;
vkyfief;wdkif;wGif twGif;&Sdvlwdkif; aumif;pGmMum;Edkifrnfh (FA Sec.’s 18, 46)
rD;owday;pepfwpfcu k kd wyfqifxm;&rnf/
tvkyo f rm;wdik ;f wGif Muyfwnf;MuyfnyfpmG tvkyv f yk &f jcif;rS
umuG,f&ef ae&mtus,ft0ef; tenf;qkH;ukAay 500
tvkyv f yk af e&onfh rnfonft h csed w
f iG rf qdk vkyu
f ikd af e&onfh
(5.85 rDwm ? 4.25 rDwm tjrift h xd)&S&d rnf/ tpd;k &ppfaq;
ae&mwdkifwGif vHkNcHkaom xGufayguf&Sd&rnf/ tvkyform;
a&;t&m&SdcsLyfu {&d,mwpfckwGif cGifhjyKEdkifrnfh trsm;qkH;
rsm;onf tcef;wdik ;f \ xGuaf yguf wHcg;rsm;udk twGi;f bufrS
tvkyform;OD;a&udk wm0efcsxm;&ef tvkyf&Sifrsm;tm;
csucf si;f zGiEhf ikd &f ygrnf/
awmif;qdEk ikd Nf y;D tvkyo
f rm;\use;f rma&;ESihf ab;tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;rIwdkYudk xdcdkufrIr&Sdaom wpfcsdKUaom vkyfief;cGif&Sd
vkyif ef;wdik ;f wGif rD;avmifrjI zpfymG ;ygu vGwaf jrmufEikd rf nfh
tvky&f iS rf sm;tm; vkyif ef;cGijf y|mef;csuu
f kd uif;vGwcf iG ahf y;Edik f
enf;vrf;rsm;xm;&Sday;&rnf/ xGufaygufwHcg;tm;vkH;udk
onf/
tjyifbufodkYzGifhxm;&rnf? (odkY)ab;odkYtenf;i,f[xm;&
rnf/ jywif;aygufwikd ;f ? wHcg;wdik ;f (od)Yk tjcm;aom ta&;ay:
rwfwyf&yftaetxm;jzifh tvkyv f yk f aeaom vkyif ef;wdik ;f
xGufaygufwdkif;udk tvkyform; trsm;pkem;vnfEdkifonfh
&Sd tvkyo
f rm;rsm;twGuf oifah wmfaomxdik pf &m tpDtpOf
bmompum;jzifjh zpfap(od)Yk teDa&mifpmvk;H rsm;jzifjh zpfap(od)Yk
rsm;ay;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkrSom olwdkYonftvkyfcsdef
tjcm; xda&mufaomaqmif½u G cf suf tcsKd Ujzifjh zpfap &Si;f vif;
twGi;f tem;,lEikd rf nfjzpfonf/
xif&mS ;pGm rSwo f m;xm;&ygrnf/

2 8 vrf;ñTefpmtkyfykHESdyfxkwfa0onfhtcsdefwGifvkyfief;cGifab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifhusef;rma&;Oya'opfwpf&yfonfrlMurf;tqifhwGif&Sdaeygonf/
tqdjk yKonfOh ya'onf tvky½f rHk sm; tufOya'ESiq hf ikd rf sm;ESihf tvkyXf mersm; tufOya'rsm;uJo h aYkd om oD;jcm;pD&adS eonfOh ya'rsm;wGif owfrw
S jf y|mef;xm;onfh
wnfqv J yk if ef;cGiaf b;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Si;f a&;ESihf use;f rma&;qdik &f m pHcsed pf ñ
H eT ;f rsm;wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf &;ESihf o[Zmwaygifpnf;rIjzpfay:ap&efarQmrf eS ;f ygonf/
 22

6.4/ avESifh tyl 6.6/ rd v ’ m pepf

(FA Sec.’s 15, 18, 38; ShE Sec.24) (FA Sec.’s 13-14, 21, 44; ShE Sec.24)
qdik rf sm;ESihf tvkyXf mersm;wGif vGeu
f aJ omtyl&edS f r&S&d / rD;ab; qdkifrsm;ESifh tvkyfXmersm;onf oefY&Sif;NyD; teHYtoufESifh
tEÅ&m,fwm;qD;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;xm;&Sd&rnf/ av0if tnpftaMu;rsm;rS uif;pif&rnf/
avxGuf aumif;&efjyKvyk x f m;&rnf/
tvky½f rHk sm; tufOya'onf ydí k tao;pdwu f saom pnf;rsOf
tvky½f rHk sm; tufOya't&vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf tvkycf ef;wdik ;f wGif rsm;udk jy|mef;xm;onf/ vkyif ef;wdik ;f ESihf ¤if;wd\ Yk 0ef;Ncw H oYkd nf
tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ use;f rma&;ESihf oufawmifo h ufomjzpfap oif&h iS ;f ae&rnfjzpfonf/ tnpftaMu; trIu d o f ½du k rf sm;udk
&ef vkaH vmufaom av0ifaygufrsm; &Sad p&rnf/ aeYpOfvu JS si;f z,f&mS ;ay;&rnfjzpfNy;D ? ukex
f w
k v f yk rf I ae&mrsm;
udk wpfywfwiG f tenf;qk;H wpfBurd rf Q aq;aMumoef&Y iS ;f Ny;D
tyl? rD;cdk;taiGUrsm; odkYr[kwf zkefrIefYrsm;udkjzpfay:aponfh ydk;owfxm;&rnfjzpfonf/
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk vkHavmufaom tylumypönf; odkYr[kwf
av0ifavxGufpepfwdkYudk oD;jcm;tvkyfae&mwGif xm;&Sd eH&rH sm;? tcef;uefeY &H rH sm;ESihf rsuEf mS usurf sm;onf oef&Y iS ;f
&rnfjzpfonf/ ae&rnfjzpfNyD; 12 vwpfBudrf xkH;jzLokwfay;xm;&rnf
odrYk [kwf 3 ESpw
f pfBurd f oabFmaq;okwaf y;&rnf/
vkyfief;cGifae&monf tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom tcdk;taiGUrsm;ESifh
vGwu f if; pdwcf s&Ny;D aumif;pGm tok;H jyKEidk af Mumif;ppfaq;a&; xkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;pOfrsm;rS pGefYxkwfaom tnpftaMu;ESifh
t&m&Sw d pfO;D \ a&;om;axmufccH surf &Syd gu rnforl Q tcef;? a&qd;k rsm;udk Oya'uowfrw S xf m;onfth wdik ;f pGeyYf pf&rnf/
avSmifuef odrYk [kwf uefo Y wfyw
d af vSmifxm;onfh ae&mwdYk a&pD;a&vmpepfukd aumif;rGepf mG xde;f odr;f &rnfjzpfonf/
wGif tvkyv f yk cf iG hf r&Syd g/
tvky&f iS rf sm;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf tqifajyap&ef
tvkyXf mersm;ESihf taxGaxGtvkyo f rm;Oya' ppfaq;a&; vkaH vmufaomtdro f mrsm;ESihf aq;aMumoef&Y iS ;f a&; taxmuf
XmerS ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyu f vkyif ef;cGit f ajctaersm; wd;k wuf tyHyh pön;f rsm;udk pDpOfay;&rnfjzpfNy;D tcsed w f ikd ;f tok;H jyKciG hf
ap&ef vk y f i ef ; trsd K ;tpm;rsm;tvk d u f a tmuf y g erl e m ay;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ tdro f mrsm;ESihf a&csKd ;oefpY if&ef {&d,m
pHEeI ;f rsm;udk owfrw f nf/29
S Ef ikd o rsm;udk trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;cGJjcm;xm;&rnfjzpfNyD; tvif;
• vkaH vmufaom av0ifavxGupf cH sed pf ñ H eT ;f rsm; a&mifaumif;rGe&f rnf? av0ifavxGuaf umif;rGe&f rnf? rdvm’
• tjrifrh m;qk;H aomtylcsed f (tvdt k avsmuf tylxed ;f oef&Y iS ;f a&;udk tcsed wf ikd ;f jyKvyk af y;&rnfjzpfonf/ tdro f mrsm;
ud&d,mxm;&SdrI) udk av[mjyif odrYk [kwf av0ifavxGuaf umif;&ef vlomG ;
• zmax;xk;H okwjf cif;? aq;jzef;jcif; odrYk [kwf tylum pBux ø m;&Sjd cif;jzifh vkyif ef;{&d,mESihf oD;jcm;cGx J w k xf m;&rnf/
eH&EH iS hf tylumacgifr;kd
• acgifr;kd jri§ x hf m;jcif; odrYk [kwf tylumacgifr;kd 6.7/ aomufa&? tpm;tpmpm;jcif;
• pufypön;f rsm;rSxu G af om tcd;k taiGUrsm;udk jyifyodYk (FA Sec.’s 20, 48-49)
wduk ½f u kd x
f w k v
f w T &f ef tdyaf Zmpepfrsm; tvky&f iS rf sm;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm; tqifajyap&eftwGuf
aomufa&oefu Y kd a&pifjzifx
h m;ay;&rnf/ ¤if;a&pifrsm;wGif
6.5/ tvif ; a&mif aomufa&[lí trSwt f om;jyKvyk af y;xm;&rnfjzpfNy;D a&csKd ;
(FA Sec. 19; ShE Sec.25) oefpY if&ef {&d,mrsm;ESihf tdro f mrsm;&So
d nfah e&mrS tenf;qk;H
tvky&f iS rf sm;onf tarSmif(od)Yk pl;&SawmufyrIaMumifh jzpfay: ay 20 (6 rDwm)tuGmwGif xm;&S&d rnf/ tvkyo f rm; 250
vmEdik o
f nfh rsuaf phanmif;jcif; rawmfwqrIrsm;udk avsmeh nf; OD;a&xufyakd om vkyif ef;rsm;ü yljyif;aom&moDwiG f at;jr
ap&ef vkaH vmufíoifah vsmaf om tvif;a&mif(obm0^vlvyk )f aoma&udk xm;&S&d rnf/
udk vkyif ef;cGi{f &d,mtm;vk;H wGif ay;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/
tvkyof rm; 100 OD;a&xufyí kd &Sad om tvky&f iS rf sm;taejzifh
aomufa&&&SEd ikd o
f nfh tpm;tpm pm;aomuf&efEiS hf em;ae&ef
{&d,mrsm;udk xm;&Sday;xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ tpdk;&taejzifh
tvkyform; 250 OD;a& xufydkí&Sdaom puf½kHrsm;wGif
2 9 vrf;ñTepf mtkyyf EHk ydS x
f w
k af 0onfh tcsed w
f iG t
f vky½f EHk iS t
hf vkyo
f rm;OD;pD;Xmeuaqmif½uG o
f nfh w&m;0ifpcH sed pf ñ
H eT ;f rsm; Ny;D ajrmufjcif;r&Sad o;yg/ ,if;wdu
Yk kd tem*wf
&ufwpf&ufwGif jzefYa0vdrfhrnfh tvm;tvm&Sdygonf/ vuf&SdtcsdefwGif? vkHavmufonfh tvkyftudkiftajctaersm; jynfhrDa&;twGuf pdk;&drfylyefonfh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;taejzifh vrf;ñTerf &I &SEd ikd &f ef tvky½f EHk iS t
hf vkyo
f rm; Oya'ppfaq;a&;OD;pD;XmeodYk wdu k ½f u kd af r;jref;Edik yf gonf/
23 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh aumfrwDwpf&yfrS 6.9/ vl e mcef ; ES i f h a&S ; OD ; ol e mjyKypö n f ; rsm;

BuD;Muyfaeonfh pm;aomufqdkif (uefwif;)wpfckudk xm;&Sd (FA Sec. 47; ShE Sec.24)
ay;xm;&ef owfrw S jf y|mef;cGi&hf o
dS nf/ qdik rf sm;ESihf tvkyXf metm;vk;H wGif vkaH vmufaomaq;0g;rsm;
yg0ifonfh a&S;OD;olemjyKaowåmrsm;xm;&S&d rnf/
6.8/ puf , EÅ & m;ES i f h tEÅ & m,f & S d a omypö n f ; rsm;
(FA Sec.’s 23, 25, 28, 30-36, 39-40, 104) tvky½f rHk sm;tufOya't& tvkyo f rm;250 OD;a&xufyí kd
tvkyo f rm;onf ¤if;wdu Yk ,
kd wf ikd f odrYk [kwf tjcm;olrsm;tm; &Sad om puf½?Hk tvky½f w
Hk ikd ;f wGif aq;rSL;ESihf olemjyK0efxrf;wdYk
tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEdkifrnfh puf,EÅ&m;udk &nf½G,fcsuf&Sd&Sdjcifh Bu;D Muyfaom a&S;OD;olemjyKtcef; odrYk [kwf aq;ay;^ukcef;
pGuzf ufjcif;? tvGo
J ;Hk jcif;ESihf Oyu©mjyKjcif;wdu Yk kd vkyí
f r&Ekid yf g/ udk xm;&S&d rnfjzpfonf/

tif*sirf sm;ESiahf rmfwmrsm;? rD;pufrsm;? *D,mtkpH ufyikd ;f rsm; tyg puf½kH? tvkyf½kHwdkif;onf a&S;OD;olemjyKenf;qdkif&m ypönf;
t0if vkyif ef;rsm;rS pufypön;f rsm;udk vkjH cKH pmG um&Hxm;&rnf ud&, d myg aowåmrsm;udk yHyh ;kd xm;&Sd ay;&rnf/ tvkyo f rm;
jzpfNy;D pufypön;f rsm;wGi&f adS om bD;rsm; odrYk [kwf 0if½;kd rsm;uJo
h Ykd 150 rS 250 OD;a&&Sad om puf½?Hk tvky½f rHk sm;onf aq;aowåm
tEÅ&m,f&adS om a½GUvsm;tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;udk zk;H tkyx
f m; &rnf ESpvf ;Hk ESihf tvkyo f rm; 100 OD;a&wdik ;f twGuf tydak qmif;
jzpfum tok;H jyKEikd o f nfh tjrifq h ;Hk tjrefEeI ;f ^yg0gudk trSwf aq;aowåmwpfvkH;udk yHhydk;ay;xm;&rnf/ aq;aowåmrsm;
tom;jzifh azmfjyxm;&rnfjzpfonf/ tm; a&S;OD;olemjyKenf;udk avhusiahf y;xm;aom tvkyo f rm;
u tvkycf sed t f wGi;f Bu;D MuyfuyG u f &J rnf/ tvkyo
f rm; 250
"mwfavSum;? tvkHydwftcef;rsm; odkYr[kwf avSmiftdrf OD;a&xufydkítvkyfvkyfaeaom puf½kH? tvkyf½kHwdkif;onf
"mwf a vS u m;rsm;ud k wnf a qmuf x m;&rnf / vl w pf O D ; aq;cef;wpfcu k kd yHyh ;kd ay;xm;&rnf/
wpfa,muf odrYk [kwf t&m0w¬Krsm;onf "mwfavSum;ESihf
tjcm;ypön;f rsm;Mum;wGif rydwrf ad p &ef "mwfavSum;rsm;onf 6.10/ tEÅ&m,f&Sdaomvkyfief;rsm;twGuf txl;tum
trsm;qk;H cGijhf yKonfth av;csed ?f wHcg;rwpfcEk iS hf pufysuo
f nfh tuG , f r sm;
wdik f ab;uif;vkjH cKH a&; tpDtrHyg&S&d rnf/ (FA Sec.52)
FGLLID \ ñTefMum;a&;rSL;csLyftaejzifh puf½kH? tvkyf½kH
0efcsDpufrsm;ESifh "mwfavSum;rsm;udk tenf;qkH;ajcmufv twGi;f &Sd vkyif ef;rsm;onf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: cE¨mud, k yf ikd ;f
wpfBurd f ppfaq;&rnfjzpfonf/ wpfjcm;aom"mwfavSum; qdkif&m xdcdkufrIjzpfapjcif;? tqdyfoifhapjcif; odkYr[kwf
pufu&d ,d mydik ;f ESihf u&de;f rsm;udk tenf;qk;H 12 vwpfBurd f emruse;f jzpfapjcif; ponfwYkd jzpfay:Edik af Mumif;,lqygu
ppfaq;ay;&rnfjzpfNyD; trsm;qkH;cGifhjyKonfhtav;csdefudk FGLLID \ ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyu f tjcm;pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESit hf wl
tvky&f iS t
f aejzifh azmfjytwnfjyK&rnf/ atmufygwdu Yk kd jyKvyk Ef ikd o
f nf/
• tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom vkyfief;[kowfrSwfNyD; tEÅ&m,f
rnfonfhtvkyf½kHwGifrqdk aygufuGJapwwfaom odkYr[kwf &Sad Mumif; aMunmjcif;?
rD;awmufavmif;apwwfaom? t&m&Sad om odrYk [kwf &Scd NhJ y;D • tEÅ&m,f&Sdaomvkyfief;rsm;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;?
jzpfaom puf? avSmifuef odrYk [kwf cGux f &J dS t&mwckEiS hf vl½, G rf sm;ESihf uav;rsm;0ifa&muf vkyu f ikd jf cif;udk
xkdt&mrsm;rS jzpfay:aom tcdk;taiGUrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&ef wm;jrpfuefYowfjcif;?
odkYr[kwf xkdt&mESifh tcdk;taiGYrsm;udk raygufuGJatmif • tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ vuf&t dS ajctaeESihf jzpfvmrnfh
odrYk [kwf rD;rawmufavmifatmif jyKvyk &f ef vkaH vmufpmG tajctaetwGuf tcgtm;avsmfpGm usef;rma&;
pDraH qmif&u G xf m;jcif;r&Sv
d Qi?f xkt d jyif prf;oyfyikd cf iG &hf o
dS u
l ppfaq;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfay;jcif;? tvkyfvkyfudkif&ef
rdru d ,
dk w
f idk f xkpd uf? avSmifuef odrYk [kwf cGuu f kd prf;oyf usef;rmonf[k owfrSwfjcif; rcH&aom tvkyf
NyD;aemuf xdkt&monf aygufuGJapwwfonfh odkYr[kwf orm;rsm;tm; tvkyv f yk jf cif;rS wm;jrpfjcif;?
rD;avmifapwwfonft h aiGY r&Sad Mumif; pmjzifah &;í wm0efcH • tEÅ&m,f&Sdaomvkyfief;rsm;(odkY)teD;tem;wGif
vufrSwf rxkwfay;ygu xkdpuf odkYr[kwf avSmifuefukd tvkyfvkyfaeaom tvkyform;tm;vkH;twGuf
odkYr[kwf cGufudk oH*a[aqmfjcif;? aMu;*a[aqmfjcif; tumtuG,rf sm; ay;xm;jcif;?
odrYk [kwf cJ*a[aqmfjcif; odrYk [kwf rD;tm;jzifh zsuaf wmuf
jcif; rjyK&yg/
 24

6.11/ trsd K ;orD ; tvk y f o rm;wd k Y \ usef ; rma&;ES i f h 6.12/ vk y f i ef ; cG i f rawmf w qrI r sm;ES i f h tema&m*g
ud k , f 0 ef a qmif t rsd K ;orD ; rsm;tm; umuG , f jzpfjcif;rsm;udk tpD&if cHpmwifjcif;ESifh ppfaq;
apmif h a &S m uf r I jcif ; /
(FA Sec.’s 24, 29, 36, 50)d k (FA Sec.’s 53-56; SSL Sec.’s 53-54)
puf,EÅ&m;rsm;\ a&GUvsm;aeaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;tm; tvky&f iS rf sm;u vkyif ef;cGirf awmfwqrIaMumifh aoqk;H rIrsm;
xde;f n§&d ef? acsmqDxnf&h ef? oef&Y iS ;f &ef vdt k yfaom tvkyf (od)Yk tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; 48 em&D odrYk [kwf 48 xufyí kd
wm0efrsm; odkYr[kwf puf,EÅ&m;rsm; vnfywfaecsdefwGif tvkyrf vkyEf ikd af ponfh vkyif ef;cGif rawmfwq xdcu kd rf rI sm;
a&GUvsm;aeaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh twnfwus&Sdaom udk FGLLID \ ñTeMf um;a&;rSL;csKy½f ;Hk odYk tpD&ifcpH m wif&rnf/
tpdwftydkif;rsm;Mum;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; vkyfudkif&ef tvk y f o rm;wpf a ,muf o nf tvk y f o rm; avsmf a Mu;
wm0efay;cGirhf &Syd g/ tufOya'30wGif owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onfh wpkHw&maom
a&m*gpGuJ yfc&H vQif tvky½f \ Hk refae*smu ¤if;ESiyhf wfouf
puf y pö n f ; \ uk e f M urf ; xnf h o G i f ; onf h t yd k i f ; ? uk e f a csm orQukd ppfaq;a&;rSL;csKyEf iS hf rSwyf w
Hk ifq&m0efxH wifjy&rnf/
xGufonfh ae&mwdkYudk tcef;zGJUEkdif&efjzpf cGJjcm;uefYowf
xm;rIr&Sod nfh 0g*Gr;f Buw d cf pJG ufuo hJ Ykd wlnaD om vkyif ef;cGif tvky&f iS o f nf tmrcHxm;&Sad om tvkyo f rm;rsm; yg0ifonfh
ae&mwGif trsKd ;orD;rsm;udk wm0efcsxm; cGirhf &Syd g/ rnfonfv h yk if ef;cGif rawmfwqrIurkd qdk vlrzI v
l aHk &;NrKd Ue,f
½k;H odYk csucf si;f taMumif;Mum;&rnf/
trsdK;orD;rsm;udk xdcdkuf'Pf&mjzpfapEdkifrnfh BuD;rm;aom
0efrsm;udrk jcif;? o,faqmifjcif;ESihf a½GUajymifjcif; cGirhf jyKyg/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf rawmfwqrIrsm; odrYk [kwf temw&
þ vdt k yfcsut f wGuf tueftY owfukd xkx d ufyí kd wduspmG jzpfrrI sm;\ Zpfjrpfukd tvkyo
f rm;rsm;Mum;wGif pkpH rf;ppfaq;&ef
owfrSwfrxm;yg/ t&nftcsif;jynfh0aomoludk cefYtyfxm; EdkifNyD; xdkolwGif
w&m;rOya'aMumif;t& w&m;½k;H tmPm? tvky½f OHk ya't&
&moDaoG;ay:csed t
f awmtwGi;f tvkyv f yk &f ef rwwfEikd af om ppfaq;a&;rSL;\ tmPmrsm;&So d nf/
trsKd ;orD; tvkyo f rm;rsm;u ¤if;tajctaeudk rSwyf w Hk if
q&m0ef\ aq;rSww f rf;axmufccH suEf iS t
hf wl tvky&f iS t f m; pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;t&m&So d nf puf½?Hk tvky½f w Hk iG t
f ok;H jyKorQ
today;EdkifNyD; tvkyf&Sifrsm;u ¤if;wdkYtwGuf vdktyfaom ypön;f rsm;udk erlem,lí ppfaq;Edik o f nf/ ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd
tpDtpOfrsm; jyKvyk af y;&rnf/ onf erlemwpfcsdKUudk tvkyf&SifESifhtwl xm;cJhrnfjzpfNyD;
erlem\ cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmrI tm;vk;H udk twGi;f a&;tjzpfxm;&Srd nf/
ud,k 0f efaqmif trsKd ;orD; tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk ¤if;wd\ Yk rlv
vkyt f m;c? vpmESihf tusKd ;cHpm;cGirhf sm;udk xdcu kd rf rI &Sad pbJ t&m&Sdrsm;onf olwdkY\ &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk oifhavsmf
ayghyg;aom tvkyrf sm;udo k m cGaJ 0wm0efcsay;&rnf/ ud, k 0f ef aomvlrzI vl aHk &;NrKd Ue,f½;Hk odYk tpD&ifcpH mwif&rnf/
7 vjynfNh y;D aemufwiG f ¤if;wdu Yk tcsed yf Ekd iS hf nydik ;f tvkyf
rsm;tm; rvky&f / xdcdkuf'Pf&m&jcif;ESifh emrusef;jzpfjcif;twGuf avsmfaMu;
ay;jcif;udk vmrnft
h cef;wGif tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;ygonf/

3 0 axmifo h ef;emuJo
h aYkd om cJqyd o
f ifjh cif;ESihf tjcm;aomtqdyo
f ifrh I trsKd ;tpm;rsm;? tusw
d u
f ifqm (od)Yk jynfwnfemponfwu
Ykd kd ydrk o
kd &d v
dS ykd gu tvkyo
f rm;
avsmaf Mu;Oya'\ aemufqufwZJG ,m; (3) udMk unfyh g/
25 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

7/ vl r I z l v k H a &;ES i f h xd c d k u f ' Pf & m&rI E S i f h 7.2/ tvk y f & S i f E S i f h t vk y f o rm;rsm;\ vl r I z l v k H a &;

xnf h 0 if a Mu;
zsm;emrIwdkYtwGuf avsmfaMu; (SSL Sec.’s 2, 15, 17-18)3
7.1/ tvkyform;rsm;ESifh tvkyf&SifwdkYtwGuf vlrI vlrzI v
l aHk &;bkwt f zGUJ udk rSww f rf;wifonfah e&mwGif tvkyf
zl v k H a &; tusKH ; 0if r I orm;ESit hf vky&f iS f ESpOf ;D pvk;H u vlrzI v
l aHk &;&efyaHk iGoYkd xnfh
(SSL Sec.’s 11-12, 49, 89) 0ifaMu; rjzpfraeay;oGi;f &rnfjzpfonf/

tvkyo f rm;OD;a& 5 OD; (odrYk [kw)f 5 OD;ESit hf xuf&adS om tvky&f iS u

f tvkyof rm;rSay;oGi;f &rnfh vlrzI v
l aHk &;ay;oGi;f
ukrÜPDtm;vkH;wdkYonf vkyfief;pwifonfrS &ufaygif; 30 aiGukd tvkyof rm;\ vpmrS jzwfawmuf&rnf/
twGif; vlrIzlvkHa&;tzGJU? NrdKUe,fvlrIzlvkHa&;½kH;wGif rSwfykH
wifNy;D vQif tvkyo f rm;rsm; zsm;emjcif;? rD;zGm;jcif;? aoqk;H jcif;
(odrYk [kw)f xdcu kd 'f Pf&m&jcif;rsm;jzpfay:ygu umuG,&f ef
ykrH eS x
f nf0h ifaMu; ay;aqmif&rnf/ xdt Yk jyif Oya'u tjcm;
tmrcHcsurf sm; twGuv f nf; jy|mef;xm;ygonf/ ¤if;wdrYk mS
tvkyv f ufrEhJ iS hf tNird ;f pm;vpm/ þonfwu Ykd kd þpmtkyf
xkwjf yefonft h csed w f iG f taumiftxnfazmfjcif; r&Sad o;ay/

tNrwJ rf;ceft
Y yfc&H aom tvkyo f rm; odrYk [kwf ,m,Dtvkyf
orm;ESihf tvkyo f ifwuYkd kd rjzpfrae rSwyf w Hk if&rnfjzpfonf/
atmufazmfjyyg apwemtavQmufyg0ifEdkifonfh cRif;csuf
jzpfaomu@rsm;rSvGJí usefu@tm;vkH; vlrIzlvkHa&;
tpDtpOfwiG f yg0if&efvt kd yfonf/

• tpd k ; &Xmersm;ES i f h tzG J U tpnf ; rsm; (pD ; yG m ;a&;

r[kwfaom)
• EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? oH½kH;rsm; odkYr[kwf
Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &rsm;\ aumifppf0if½;Hk rsm;
• &moDtvdu k f v,f,mvkyif ef;ESihf ig;vkyif ef;
• 3 vatmufp;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd o
f nfh tvkyf
Xmersm;
• tusdK;tjrwf&,ljcif;r&SdaomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;
• rdom;pkp;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;
• pD ; yG m ;a&;tvd k Y i S m r&nf ½ G , f a om td r f w G i f ;
0efaqmifrrI sm;
• or®wu uif;vGwfcGifhay;onfh tjcm;rnfonfh
tvkyXf mersKd ;rqdk

NrdKUe,fvlrIzkHvkHa&;OD;pD;XmewGif rSwfykHwif&efrvdktyfaom
vkyfief;ydkif&Sifrsm;\ tvkyform;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY qE´ vkyftm;cwGufcsuf&mwGif tcsdefydkvkyfcESifh 0ifaiGtjzpf
tavsmuf rSwyf w Hk ifEikd o
f nf/ owfrSwfEdkifonfh tcaMu;aiGtygt0if tvkyform;\
vkyt
f m;twGuf ¤if;u vufc&H ,l&eftcGi&hf adS om vkyt f m;
tcaMu;aiGtm;vk;H udk vkyt
f m;ctjzpf owfrw S o
f nf/ (SSL,
Sec.2(j))
 26

vkyftm;cwGufcsufrlwGif atmufygwdkYryg0ifacs/31 (PWA trsKd ;tpm;rsm;pGmudv

k nf; &ydik cf iG &hf NdS y;D tao;pdwu
f kd vmrnfh
Sec.2) tcef;wGif &Si;f vif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/
• tNird ;f pm;vpmrsm;? cHpm;cGirhf sm;
• tNird ;f pm;,lrnf0h efxrf;twGuf vkyo f ufqak Mu;aiG vlrzl v l aHk &;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif tusK;H r0ifMuaom vkyif ef;cGif
• vlrzI v
l aHk &; aiGaMu;cHpm;cGihf xdcu kd 'f Pf&m&ol odrYk [kwf zsm;emol tvkyo f rm;rsm; tm;vk;H
• c&D;oGm;vm p&dwcf iG jhf yKaiGrsm; wdo
Yk nf tvkyo f rm;avsmaf Mu;tufOya'(1923)t& tul
• tpm;taomufp&dwf tnD &&SEd ikd o f nf/ rawmfwqrIjzpf&yfrsm;wGif tvky&f iS u f
• aq;ukorI odrYk [kwf tjcm;0efaqmifrrI sm; tvkyform;twGuf tcrJhaq;ppfay;&rnf/ tvkyf&Sifu
• ae&mxdik cf if; tvkyform;udk tvkyftudkifaMumifhESifh tvkyfvkyfaepOf
• vQypf pfr;D ESihf a&&&Sad &; 0efaqmifrrI sm; twGi;f &&So d nfh wpfu, kd &f nf xdcu kd 'f Pf&mrsm;? a&m*grsm;
• ay;aqmif&rnfh tcGet f crsm; twGufvnf; avsmfaMu;ay;&ef wm0ef&Sdonfqdkaomfvnf;
• tvkyEf iS o hf ufqikd o
f nfh tok;H p&dwrf sm; ,if;od&Yk &Sad om xdcu kd 'f Pf&m&&Srd o I nf tvkyo f rm;u t&uf
• pmcsLyfoufwrf;ukefqkH;csdefü csD;jr§ifhonfh tydkqk aopm (odkY) rl;,pfaq;0g; aomufokH;xm;rIaMumifhaomf
aMu;aiG vnf;aumif;? tvky&f iS \ f ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Si;f a&;qdik &f m
• tyef;ajzrIqikd &f mrsm; enf;Oya'ESifh trdefYrsm;udk wrifoufouf rvdkufemaom
• tvkyfrSxkwfy,fjcif;twGuf epfemaMu;aiGESifh aMumifah omfvnf;aumif;? rdr\ d ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Si;f a&;ESihf
*½kPmaMu; vkHjcHKa&;wdkYtwGuf yHhydk;ay;xm;aom u&d,mwefqmyvm
tumtuG,rf sm;udk wrifoufouf z,f&mS ;jcif; (od)Yk tav;
7.3/ xd c d k u f ' Pf & m&rI r sm;ES i f h zsm;emrI r sm;twG u f rxm;jcif;wdkYESifh wdkuf½dkufywfowfrI r&Sdap&/ avsmfaMu;
avsmf a Mu; &&Sd&eftwGuf xdcdkuf'Pf&m&ol tvkyform; odkYr[kwf
(SSL Sec’s 53-54; WCA Sec.3, 11) tvkyo f rm;aoqk;H cJyh gu ¤if;\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;u rdr\ d jzpf&yf
vkyif ef;cGix
f cd u
kd 'f Pf&m&rIEiS hf zsm;emrIrsm;twGuf avsmaf Mu; udk a'owGif;&Sd or®wucefYtyfxm;aom tvkyform;
ay;rIukd vlrzI v l aHk &;Oya'ESihf tvkyo f rm;avsmaf Mu; tuf avsmaf Mu; aumfr&Siu f kd wifjyavQmufxm;Edik o f nf/ aumfr&Sif
Oya't& jy|mef;xm;onf/ vlrzI v l aHk &;Oya'onf tvkyf ujzpf&yfukd ok;H oyfjcif;ESihf tvkyt f udik q f ikd &f m xdcu kd rf I (od)Yk
orm; 5 a,muf odkYr[kwf 5 a,mufESifhtxuf &Sdaom 'Pf & m&rI u d k pk H p rf ; ppf a q;jcif ; ES i f h xd c d k u f r I od k Y r [k w f
ukrP Ü t
D m;vk;H wdt Yk ay: oufa&mufNy;D vQif jypfrw I pfpHk wpf&m zsm;emrItwGuf tvkyf&Sifuay;&rnfh epfemaMu;yrPudk
odrYk [kwf tvky&f iS \ f xkwyf ,fjcif;ESihf tvky&f iS u
f vkyif ef;cGif owfrw S af y;rnf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh tvkyo f rm; wpfO;D aoqk;H rI
ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Si;f a&; tpDtpOfEiS hf umuG,af pmifah &Smuf wGif avsmaf Mu;udk ,if;tvkyo f rm;\ wvpmvkyt f m;c\
rIudk vdkufem&efysufuGufjcif;wdkYaMumifhjzpfaom vkyfief;cGif 36 qESin hf rD Qaom aiGyrmPjzpf&rnf[k owfrw S af y;&rnf/
xdcdkuf'Pf&m&rIrsm;twGuf aq;ukorIukefus p&dwfudk
tvkyf&Sifuay;&rnf/ 7.4/ vlrIzlvkHa&;bkwftzGJU\ qkH;jzwfcsufudk t,lcHjcif;
(SSL Sec.’s 89-91)
epfemaMu;&&Sd&eftwGuf xdcdkuf'Pf&m&oltvkyform; vlrIzlvkHa&;tmrcHxm;&Sdonf tvkyform;ESifhtvkyf&Sif
odrYk [kwf tvkyo f rm;aoqk;H cJyh gu ¤if;\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;u wdo
Yk nf a'oqdik &f mvlrzI vl aHk &;½k;H \ qk;H jzwfcsuu f kd wdik ;f a'o
rdr\ d jzpf&yfukd tvkyo f rm;0efBu;D XmeatmufwiG f zGUJ pnf;xm; Bu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftqifq h ifo h Ykd vnf;aumif;xdrk w S pfqifh
aomNrdKUe,f tvkyform; avsmfaMu;aumfr&Sif;odkY wifjy vlrzI v
l aHk &;bkwtf zGUJ \ t,lccH ½Hk ;Hk xdt,lcyH ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
avQmufxm;Edkifonf/ aumfrDwDutrIjzpf&yfudk jyefvnf
ppfaq;ok;H oyfjcif;? xdcu kd 'f Pf&m&rIukd pkpH rf;ppfaq;jcif; ESihf tvkyof rm; epfemaMu;tufOya'atmufwiG t f usK;H 0ifaom
xdcu kd rf I odrYk [kwf zsm;emrItwGuf tvky&f iS u f ay;&rnfh epfem tvkyform;rsm;ESifh tvkyf&SifwdkYu aumfr&Sif\ qkH;jzwf
aMu;yrPudk owfrw S af y;jcif;wdu
Yk kd jyKvyk &f rnf/ csuu
f kd w&m;½k;H csLyfoYkd t,lccH iG &hf o
dS nf/

vlrIzlvkHa&;Oya't& tmrcHxm;aom tvkyform;onf

xdcu
kd 'f Pf&m&rIEiS hf zsm;emrIaMumifjh zpfaom 0ifaiGavsmu
h s
onfh (odrYk [kw)f r&&Sod nfh umvrsm;twGi;f aiGaMu;cHpm;cGihf

3 1 tcaMu;aiG ay;acsa&;Oya'? tenf;qk;H tcaMu;aiGtufOya'ESihf vlrzl v l aHk &;Oya'wdw

Yk iG yf g&So
d nfh tcaMu;aiG[al om a0g[m&\ t"dymÜ ,fonf twlwyl if
jzpfaMumif; tvky½f EHk iS t
hf vkyo
f rm;Oya' ppfaq;a&;Oya'OD;pD;Xmeu tdik t
f ,f(vf)tduk kd twnfjyKajymMum;cJNh y;D jzpfygonf/
27 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I
 28

7.5/ tvkyform;rsm;twGuf tusdK;cHpm;cGifh trsdK; rSwcf su/f txufazmfjyygtajctaersm;twGuf vpmrysuf

tpm;rsm; rD;zGm;cGifhudk vGefcJhaom 12 vu &&SdcJhaom yQrf;rQvpOf
Z,m;wGif vlrzI v l aHk &;tzGUJ wGif rSwyf w Hk ifxm;aom tvkyf vk y f t m;c\ 66.67% (od k Y r [k w f 70%)ud k r l w nf N yD ;
orm;rsm;twGuf tygt0if trsKd ;tpm;rsm;pGmaom tusKd ; wGufcsufjcif;jzpfygonf/
cHpm;cGifhrsm;tm; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tusdK;cHpm;cGifh&Sdonfh
umv? tusdK;cHpm;cGifh wGufcsufyHkESifh tusdK; cHpm;cGifh xdt
Yk jyif tenf;qk;H wpfEpS vf yk o
f uf&NdS y;D vlrzI v
l aHk &;xnf0h if
t&nftcsi;f &Su d mv ponfwu Ykd kd NyjD ynfph akH tmif xnfo h iG ;f aMu;ay;oGi;f aiG tenf;qk;H 6 v&So d nfh ud, k 0f efaqmif tvkyf
Ekid jf cif; r&Syd gojzifh pmzwfot l aejzifh NrKd Ue,fvrl zI v l aHk &;½k;H orm;onf atmufygwdu Yk kd cHpm;cGi&hf o
dS nf/
rsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;oifNh y;D tao;pdwt f csut f vufrsm;twGuf • rD;zGm;cGifhcHpm;pOfumvtwGif; wpfESpfpmyQrf;rQ
pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk Munfh½Ioifhonf/ vlrIzlvkHa&; Oya' vkycf \ 70%
(2012)wGif ,ckwikd f vkyaf qmifrI r&Sad o;onfh tjcm; tpDtrH • yQr;f rQvpOfvyk t f m;c\ uav;wpfO;D wnf; twGuf
rsm;jzpfaom tvkyv f ufrEhJ iS hf tNird ;f pm;vpmwdyYk g0ifonf/ 50%? t`rmT twGuf 75% odrYk [kwf ok;H `rmT yl;ESihf
txuftwGuf 100% ESihf nDrQaom wpfv;Hk wpfcJ
7.6/ rD;zGm;cGifh tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;ESifh uav;apmifh wnf; qkaMu;aiG
a&S m uf r I
(LHA amendment Sec.7; SSL Sec.’s 25-77; vlrzI v
l aHk &;ü rSwyf w Hk ifxm;aom trsKd ;om;rsm;onf arG;uif;
FA Sec.50) puav;i,fapmifha&Smuf&eftwGuf cGifh 15 &ufudk vGefcJh
cGifhESifh tvkyfydwf&uftufOya't& udk,f0efaqmiftvkyf onfEh pS rf S ¤if;wdyYk Qr;f rQvyk t
f m;c\ 70% ESihf rdcif\ wpfv;Hk
orm;onf rD;rzGm;rD &ufowå 6 ywfBuKd wif vpmrysucf iG hf wpfcw J nf; qkaMu;aiG\ xuf0ufukd qkaMu;tjzpf&&Srd nf/
cHpm;cGihf ESihf rD;zGm;Ny;D &ufowå 8 ywf vpmrysucf iG chf pH m;cGihf
&So
d nf/ (uav;wpfO;D xufru arG;ygu &ufowå 4 ywf 6 ESpaf tmufuav;i,frsm;\ rdcif trsKd ;orD;vkyo f m; 100
tydx k yd af qmif;ay;&rnf/) aq;cGiv hf t
kd yfcsuEf iS hf udu
k n
f yD gu txuf&Sdaom puf½kHwdkif;wGif tvkyf&Sif\ tultnDjzifh
rD;zGm;cGiEhf iS hf aq;cGiu hf kd wqufwpyfwnf; cHpm;cGi&hf o dS nf/ oufqikd &f m0efBu;D Xmeu aeYuav;xde;f Xmeudk zGiv hf pS af y;&
tvky&f iS rf S ,if;cGiu hf kd cGijhf yKay;&ef wm0ef&o dS nf/ rnfjzpfonf/ xdkodkYzGifhvSpfjcif;udk wpfoD;yk*¾v tjzpf
aomf v nf ; aumif ; od k Y r [k w f tjcm;tvk y f X mersm;jzif h
vlrzI v l aHk &;tpDtpOft& rSwyf w
Hk ifxm;aom tvkyo f rm;rsm; wGJzufíaomfvnf;aumif; vkyfaqmifEdkifonf/ uav;ESifh
\ taetxm;wGif ¤if;wd\ Yk rD;zGm;cGiu
hf kd tqdyk gtpDtpOfrS trsdK;orD;vkyfom; 100 atmufenf;ygu tvkyf&Sifu
cGijhf yKay;rnf/ rdrw d wfEikd of rQ oifah vsmaf om tpDtpOfwpf&yf&yfukd pDpOfay;
Edik of nf/ tvkyo f rm;0efBu;D Xmeu xdo
k aYkd om aeYuav;xde;f
vlrzI v
l aHk &;tpDtpOfwiG f rSwyf w Hk ifxm;aom ud, k 0f efaqmif Xmersm;twGuf ae&mxdik cf if;enf;pepf? y&dabm*ESihf tjcm;
tvkyo f rm;wGif atmufyg &ydik cf iG rhf sm; &&So
d nf/ ud&, d mypön;f rsm;? uav;i,frsm;a&csKd ;oefpY if&efEiS hf t0wf
• cGijhf yKxm;aom aq;½k?H aq;cef;rsm;wGif tcrJh ud, k f tpm;vJv, S &f ef taxmuftulrsm; yHyh ;kd ay;jcif;? EGm;EdtYk crJh
0efaqmifumv prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;ESihf aq;ukocGihf wdu k af uR;jcif;? tem;,ltyef;ajzjcif; (od)Yk ESprf sKd ;vk;H twGuf
• cGifhjyKxm;aom aq;½kH?aq;cef;rsm;wGif a&S;OD; yHyh ;kd ay;jcif;ESihf vdt
k yfaom tm;vyfcsed t f wGi;f uav;i,f
udk,f0efaqmif prf;oyfppfaq;jcif;twGuf vpm rsm;tm; ,if;wdkY\ rdcifrsm;u tpm;tpmwdkufauR;Edkif&ef
rysucf iG &hf uf 7 &uf tao;pdwef nf;Oya'rsm; jy|mef;cGi&hf o dS nf/
• rD;zGm;Ny;D uav;twGut f ouf wpfEpS &f o
dS nftxd
tcrJhaq;ukocGifh
• rD;rzGm;rD &ufowå 6 ywf vpmrysuf rD;zGm;cGihf
• rD;zGm;NyD; &ufowå 8 ywf vpmrysuf rD;zGm;cGifh
(uav;wpfO;D xufruarG;ygu &ufowå 4 ywf
tydkxyfaqmif;ay;&rnf/)
• uav;ysuu f sygu &ufowå 6 ywf vpmrysucf iG hf
ESihf uav;arG;pm;jcif;twGuf &ufowå 8 ywf vpm
rysucf iG hf
29 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

8/ tvkyfrS&yfpJjcif;
8.1/ Bud K wif t od a y;jcif ; ES i f h tvk y f r S & yf p J & onf h
taMumif ; jycsuf
(ESD Sec.5 and ESD Rule 14) enf;Oya'rsm;
onf tmPmouf0ifjcif; r&Sdao;yg/
tvkyt f udik cf eft
Y yfrpI mcsLyfwpfcwk iG f tvkyrf S EIwx f u G jf cif;
ESifh &yfpJtqkH;owfjcif;? xdkYtwl oabmwltqkH;owfjcif;
ponfh jy|ef;csufrsm; xnfhoGif;yg&Sd&rnf/ tvkyform;
wpfO;D u tvkyrf ES w I xf uG v
f akd omf cdik vf aHk omtaMumif;jycsuf
jzifh &uf30 BuKd wifí tvky&f iS x f oH Ykd taMumif;Mum;&rnf/

tvkyf&Sifu tvkyfcefYtyfrIudk &yfpJvdkaomf cdkifvkHaom

taMumif;jycsufjzifh &uf 30 BudKwifí tvkyform;odkY
taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ ,if;odYk ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf tvky&f yfpjJ cif;udk
tvky&f iS Ef iS hf tvkyo
f rm;tMum; oabmwlnrD I wpfcjk yKvyk f
NyD;ygu &uf 30 BudKwifí oifhavsmfonfh tvkyftudkif
ESithf vkyof rm; &SmazGa&;½k;H odYk taMumif;Mum;&rnf/

8.2/ tvk y f r S & yf p J j cif ; twG u f wm;jrpf x m;onf h

taMumif ; jycsuf r sm;
(LOL Sec.44)
txufwGif jy|mef;xm;ouJhodkY tvkyfrS&yfem;jcif;twGuf 8.4/ tusOf ; enf ; tvk y f x k w f j cif ; rsm;ES i f h enf ; vrf ;
cdik v
f aHk om taMumif;jycsuv f t
kd yfonf/ xdtYk jyif atmufyg wus tvkyfxkwfjcif;rsm;
taMumif;jycsurf sm;twGuf tvky&f iS rf t S vkyo f rm;wpfO;D udk (ESD Rules sec’s 20 – 22; enf ; Oya'o
tvkyx f w
k jf cif;rS wm;jrpfxm;onf/ rsm;onf tmPmouf0ifjcif;r&Sdao;yg/ SLDL
• w&m;r0if t vk y f y d w f j cif ; ? tvk y f ½ k H y d w f j cif ; ud k Rules sec’s 2, 26)
qefu Y sijf cif;32 tu,fí tvkyo f rm;u atmufygjypfrrI sm;udk usL;vGecf yhJ gu
• tzGJUtpnf;\ vIyf&Sm;aqmif½GufrIrsm;udk vkyf tvky&f iS u
f tvkyx f w k ef pfemaMu; ray;bJ tvkyx f wk Ef ikd f
aqmif&ef tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;wpfckckwGif cGifh&Sdonf/
tzGUJ 0ifjzpfjcif; odrYk [kwf Oya'ESit
hf nD qE´jyrIwiG f • cd;k rI
yg0ifjcif; • tvk y f & S i f \ yd k i f q d k i f r I r sm;ud k &nf ½ G , f c suf & S d & S d
zsuq f ;D jcif;
8.3/ tvk y f x k w f e pf e maMu; • cGijhf yKcsurf &Syd J vufeufEiS hf aygufuaJG pwwfonfh
(ESD Sec.5; ESD Notification No.84/201533) ypön;f rsm;udk vkyif ef;cGio f Ykd ,laqmifvmjcif;
• vkyif ef;cGit f wGi;f rl;,pfjcif;? &rf;um;aomif;use;f
tvkyof rm;wpfO;D tvkyrf S &yfpjJ cif;cH&aomtcg tvky&f iS u
f jcif;? &efjyKjcif;(od)Yk jyif;xefpmG emusiaf pjcif;(od)Yk
¤if;tvkyform;\ vpm (tydkcsdef tmrcHaMu; ryg0ifyg/) olwpfyg;tm; ud, k x f vd ufa&muf apmfum;jcif;
udktajccHítvkyfjzwfepfemaMu;udk atmufyg twdkif;ay; • pm&dwcå sKd ;azmufjcif;
&rnf/ • vmbfay;vmbf,ljcif;
• vkyfief;cGiftwGif; aygufuGJEdkifonfh{&d,mrsm;ESifh
ywfoufonfv h ukd ef m&rnfh pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;
udck sKd ;azmufjcif;
• vkyif ef;cGit f wGi;f avmif;upm;jcif;
• cGirhf ,lyJ 3 &ufqufwu kd t f vkyyf sujf cif;
3 2 tvkyyf w d jf cif; qdo
k nfrmS tvky&f iS ?f tvkyo f rm; tjiif;yGm;rIwpfcck w k iG f n§Ed idI ;f ír&Edik o
f nfh tajctaeü tvky&f iS u f vkyif ef;wpfcck \
k tvkyv f yk af omae&mudk
,m,Dyw d jf cif;? tvkyuf kd acwå&yfqikd x f m;jcif;(od)Yk tvkycf iG &f dS tvkyof rm;rsm;tm; qufvuftvkyv f yk cf iG rhf jyKjcif; udq
k v
kd o
kd nf (tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ tpnf;Oya'?
yk'rf 2(p) udk Munfyh g)/
3 3 trdeaYf MumfjimpmtrSw-f 84^2015 ? &ufp?JG 2015 ckEpS ?f Zlvikd v f (3) &uf/
 30

tvky&f iS w f iG v
f nf; tvkyo f rm;wpfO;D taejzifh vdu k ef m&rnf
[k od&Sdxm;NyD;aom owfrSwfxm;onfh vkyfief;cGifvkyfxkH;
vkyef nf;rsm;t& pnf;rsO;f wdu Yk kd csKd ;azmufaMumif; awGU&Scd yhJ gu
tvkyfrSxkwf y,fEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/ yxrtBudrf csdK;azmufrI
twGuf tvky&f iS u f EIwjf zifo h wday;Ny;D ,if;udk rSww f rf;wif
xm;&rnf/ tu,fí tvkyo f rm;u 'kw, d tBurd cf sKd ;azmuf
usL;vGefygu owday;pmxkwfay;Edkifonf/ wwd,tBudrf
xyfrcH sKd ;azmufcyhJ gu tvky&f iS u f ydrk jkd yif;xefaom owday;pm
xkwfjyefay;NyD; ¤if;tvkyform;udk aemufxyfazmufzsuf
usL;vGerf rI sKd ; rvkyyf grnft
h aMumif; cH0efuwd vufrw S af &;xd;k
cdik ;f Edik o
f nf/ aemufq;Hk pwkwt ¬ Burd f azmufzsucf yhJ gu ,if;
tvkyform;udk tvkyfxkwf epfemaMu;ray;yJ xkwfy,f
Edik o f nf/34

tusO;f enf; ta&;,ltvkyx f w k yf ,fjcif;ESihf enf;vrf;wus

tvkyrf x S w k yf ,fjcif; 2 rsKd ;pvk;H wGif tvkyo f rm;rsm;u tvkyf
xkwef pfemaMu; &ydik cf iG rhf &Sad omfvnf; wnfqOJ ya'rsm;?trdeYf
rsm;ESifh ñTefMum;csufrsm;yg tjcm;tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk
&ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf/

8.5/ Oya'ES i f h r nD ñ T w f a om tvk y f r S & yf e m;jcif ;

(ESD Rules sec.23)? enf ; Oya'rsm;onf
tmPmouf 0 if j cif ; r&S d a o;yg/
tvky&f iS rf sm;u tvkyo f rm;wpfO;D udk Oya'ESirhf nDñw G o
f nfh
tvkyrf x S w k yf ,fjcif; odrYk [kwf tvkyrf &S yfpjJ cif;udk rjyKvyk &f /
Oya'ESirhf nDñw G af om tvkyrf x S w k jf cif; odrYk [kwf &yfpjJ cif;
rsm;jzpfcyhJ gu ,if;jzpf&yfukd tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Si;f a&; vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf;ESit hf nD udik wf , G af jz&Si;f &rnf/

3 4 tvkyof rm;onf tvkyrf x S wk yf ,fjcif; cH&&efwpfrsKd ;wnf;aom pnf;rsn;f pnf;urf;csuu f kd 4Burd af zmufzsuu f sL;vGe&f ef vdt
k yfonf (od)Yk rnfonfph nf;rsn;f
pnf;urf;csuu
f rkd qdk 4Burd uf sL;vGe&f ef vdt
k yfonfEiS yhf wfoufNy;D yk'rf 22 wGif &Si;f vif;azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Syd g/
31 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

9/ tvkyform; ppfaq;a&; 9.2/ ppfaq;a&; tcGifhtmPm

(FA Sec.’s 10-11)
9.1/ vkyfief;rsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;ESifh vdkifpifxkwf ay;jcif; ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd (ppfaq;olrsm;)onf rnfonfhvkyfief;
(FA Sec.’s 6, 8) wG i f ; od k Y r qd k 0 if a &muf (1)Oypmtaxmuf t xm;rsm;?
vkyif ef;rsm;onf tvkyo
f rm;? vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;ESihf jynfoYl (2)pufud&d,mrsm;ESifh taxmuftxm;rsm;? (3)vkyftm;c?
tiftm;0efBuD;XmewGif rSwfykHwifNyD; vdkifpif&,l&rnf/ tcsed yf ?kd vpmpm&if;? jzwfawmufrrI sm;ESiqhf ikd o
f nfh rSwwf rf;
rSwf&mrsm;tygt0iftp&SdonfwdkYudk ppfaq;cGifh&SdNyD; w&m;
vkyif ef;rpwifrD tenf;qk;H 15 &ufBuKd wifí vkyif ef;&Siu
f r0if uav;vkyfom;cdkif;aponfh vu©Pmrsm; awGU&Sdygu
atmufygowif;tcsut f vufrsm;udk ppfaq;a&;t&m&Scd sKyf tcsdefra&G; ppfaq;cGifh&Sdonf/ rdrdudk,fudk tjypfusL;vGef
xHoYkd wifjy&rnf/ aMumif; xGuq f &kd ma&mufaprnfh twif;tMuyfowif;ay;rI
rsKd ;vkycf iG hf r&Sad omfvnf; ppfaq;a&;t&m&Su d xGuq f ckd suf
• tvkyf&Sif? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; odkYr[kwf ukrÜPD\ rsm;udk &,lrSwfwrf;wifcGifh&Sdonf/
trnfESifhvdyfpmtjynfhtpkH?
• qufo, G &f rnfh vdypf m (zke;f eHygwf? zufpef yH gwfEiS hf 9.3/ usef ; rma&;ES i f h ab;tEÅ & m,f u if ; &S i f ; a&;
tD;ar;vfvdyfpm)? qdkif&m pHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;udk tmPmwnfapjcif;
• pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; odkYr[kwf xkwfukefvkyfief;\ (FA Sec.’s 15, 18, 38-42, 52-56, 99)
oabmobm0? tvkyform;rsm;\ usef;rma&;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;
• vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;? okH;pGJ&rnf vQyfppfpGrf;tif a&;qdkif&m umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; ESifh wdk;wufapa&;
yrmPESihf pufypön;f pGr;f tifyrmP? twGuf tvky½f Hk Oya't&jy|mef;xm;aom tpd;k & (ppfaq;
• pyfqikd o
f nfh refae*sm\trnf? a&;t&m&Srd sm;)\ vkyyf ikd cf iG hf tcsKd Uu
k akd tmufwiG f azmfjyxm;
• puf½?Hk tvky½f wHk iG f ceft
Y yfxm;zG,&f o dS nfh tvkyf onf/
orm;ta&twGuf
• tvkyfvkyfudkifrIumv aMumfnmpm (tifyD'AvsL • vlwdkY\ ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;udk taES;ESifh
[k &nfñTef;onf)ESifh ,if;udk vkyfief;cGiftwGif; tjref Ncd r f ; ajcmuf z G , f & S d o nf [ k ,l q &ygu
tvGefjrifomxif&Sm;onfh ae&mwGif jyoxm; vkyfief;wpfckvkH; tokH;jyKrIudkjzpfap tpdwftydkif;
&rnf rsm;udk tokH;jyKrIudkjzpfap wm;jrpfjcif;/
• tu,fí refae*smESihf ydik &f iS u f jJG ym;cJyh gu ydik q
f ikd o
f l • vkyif ef;\rnfonft h pdwt
f ydik ;f urqdk vlUtouf
(odkYr[kwf ydkif&Sif)\ aMumfnmpm ud k od k Y r [k w f ab;tEÅ & m,f uif ; &S i f ; a&;ud k
tEÅ&m,fjzpfapygu vkyif ef;&Sirf sm; aemufq;Hk xm;
wpfEpS v
f Qif &ufaygif; 180 atmuf enf;onfv h yk if ef;rsm;onf taumifxnfazmf&rnfh &ufowfrSwfNyD; vdktyf
ppfaq;a&;rSL;csLyfoYkd tvkyrf pwifrD &ufaygif; 30 BuKd wifNy;D aom tpDtpOfrsm;? ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;
taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ prf;oyfrIrsm;ESifh^odkYr[kwf tajymif;tvJrsm;udk
jyKvkyfowfrSwfjcif;/
vkyif ef;ydik &f iS u
f vkyif ef;wnfae&m? aqmufvyk af &; ESiw hf ;kd csUJ • tcef;? avSmifuef odrYk [kwf ydwaf vSmifxm;onfh
a&; tpDtpOfrsm;udk ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sd csLyfxH wifjy ae&mrsm;onf vl w d k Y t ok H ; jyK&ef oif h a vsmf N yD ;
twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf/ tu,fí wifjyvdu k af om tpDtpOf tEÅ&m,f&Sdapaom tcdk;taiGUrsm;rS uif;vGwf
rsm;udk 0efBu;D XmerS &ufaygif; 30 twGi;f wkjYH yefrY rI &Scd yhJ gu aMumif; axmufcHcsufr&rcsif; tvkyfrvkyf&ef
,if;tpDtpOfonf twnfjyKNyD;jzpfygonf/ ppfaq;a&; wm;jrpfjcif;/
rSL;csLyfu tpDtpOfudk y,fcsygu tvkyform;? vl0ifrI • oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom ypönf;rsm; odkYr[kwf
BuD;Muyfa&;ESifh jynfolYtiftm;0efBuD;XmodkY &ufaygif; 60 vkyfief;pOfrsm; tokH;jyKrIudkuefYowfjcif;/
twGi;f t,lc0H ifEikd o f nf/ • tEÅ&m,f&o dS nf[k owfrw S x f m;onfh vkyif ef;(od)Yk
vkyif ef;trsKd ;tpm;wGif toufi,f½, G af om trsKd ;
vkyif ef;&yfem;xm;vdak om odrYk [kwf ydwo
f rd ;f vdak om vkyif ef; orD;rsm;ESihf i,f½, G af om tvkyo f rm;rsm; cefxY m;
rsm;u tvkyrf sm;&yfwefjY cif;rjyKrD wpfvBuKd wifí odrYk [kwf jcif;udk uefYowfjcif; odkYr[kwf wm;jrpfjcif;/
apmEdkiforQapmpGm ppfaq;a&;rSL;csLyfxHodkY taMumif;Mum;
&rnf/ vkyif ef;rsm;jyefvnfrpwifrD 15 &uf wifBuKd taMumif;
pmaemufwpfapmifukd ay;yd&Yk rnf/
 32

• rD;avmifv, G af om odrYk [kwf aygufuaJG pEdik af om • ykwjf ywftvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf tcsed yf v kd yk t

ypön;f rsm;yg0ifonfh uGew f ed ef mrsm; odrYk [kwf puf
ud&, d mrsm;jyKjyifjcif; odrYk [kwf jyifqifjcif;rsm;udk
[kwfrSefaMumif; axmufcHjcif;/
• {&d,mwpfckpDü cGifhjyKonfh trsm;qkH;tvkyform;
ta&twG u f t ygt0if tvk y f o rm;wd k Y E S i f h
oufqikd af om oufomacsmifcsad &;? ab;tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;a&;ESifh usef;rma&; tydkaqmif; owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk jrifomatmif azmfjyxm;&Sd
&ef tvkyf&Siftm; owfrSwfjcif;/
• tEÅ&m,f&adS om tvkyt f rsKd ;tpm;ü yg0ifvyk u f ikd f
&aom tvkyform;rsm;twGufaq;ppfay;jcif;udk
tcgtm;avsmfpGm jyKvkyfapjcif;/
• tvk y f o rm;rsm;tMum; rawmf w qrI r sm;
odkYr[kwf a&m*grsm;\ taMumif;&if;udk pkHprf;
ppfaq;jcif;ESifh puf½kHtwGif; tokH;jyKaom t&m
0w¬ K rS e f o rQ\ erl e mrsm;,l j cif ; / &&S d v maom
tajz&v'fudk twGif;a&;tjzpf xm;&Sdjcif;/
• awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk qufpyf&m NrdKUe,fvlrIzlvkHa&;
½kH;odkY owif;ydkYjcif;/
f m;c
udk wGucf su&f ef tvkyo f rm; ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf
vkyfief;&SifwdkY wdkifyifaqG;aEG;NyD; yQrf;rQEIef;xm;
rsm;udk owfrSwfapjcif;/
ppfaq;a&;t&m&Sdrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\vkyftm;cESifh qufvQif
aom awGU&Scd surf sm;udk oifah vsmo
f nfh 0efBu;D Xmeudk tpD&if
cH&rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;Xmeu qufpyf vkyftm;caumfrwDjzifh
awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk rQa0ay;ydkY&rnf/
vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;onf ¤if;wd\
Yk vkyt f m;c&Si;f onfh taxmuf
txm;rsm;wGif vdrfvnfowif;ydkYjcif; odkYr[kwf rSwfwrf;
rSm;rsm; jyKvkyfjcif;udkawGU&Sdí jypf'Pfxif&Sm; pD&ifcH&ygu
wpfESpfxd axmif'Pf ESifh^odkY aiG'PfwyfcH&rnf/

9.4/ tcaMu;aiG E S i f h epf e maMu;qd k i f & mpH E I e f ; rsm;ud k

tmPmwnf a pjcif ;
tenf;qkH; tcaMu;aiGOya'(2013)t& tcaMu;aiGESifh
avsmfaMu;qdkif&m pHEIef;rsm;udk tmPmwnfap&eftwGuf
tpd k ; &ppf a q;a&; t&m&S d r sm;\ tcG i f h t mPmtcsd K Uud k
atmufwiG pf m&if;jyKpk azmfjyxm;onf/
• rnfonfhvkyfief;cGifudkrqdk Oya'ESifhnDñGwfjcif;
&S^d r&Sud kd qk;H jzwfEikd &f eftwGuf 0ifa&muf ppfaq;
cGifh &Sdjcif;/
• tvk y f c G i f & S d tvk y f o rm;rsm;ES i f h o uf q d k i f o nf h
vpmpm&if;? tvkyform;pm&if;? tvkyftcsdef
Z,m;rsm;ESihf tjcm;tcaMu;aiG taxmuftxm;
rsm;udk jyefvSefokH;oyfppfaq;jcif;ESifh rdwåLul;
,lcGifh&Sdjcif;/
• tvkyfcGif&Sd tjcm;tvkyf&SifxHrS uefx½dkufjzifh
tvkyv f yk o
f nfh jyifytvkyo f rm;rsm;ESihf oufqikd f
onfh vpmpm½Gu?f tvkyo f rm;pm&if;? tvkyt f csed f
Z,m;rsm;ESifh tjcm;vkyftm;c taxmuftxm;
rsm;udk rdwåLqGJcGifhESifh jyefvSefokH;oyfcGifh&Sdjcif;/
• vkyif ef;twGi;f &Sd tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf vkyt f m;
c EIef;xm;rsm;? vkyftm;c&Sif;onfh &ufrsm;ESifh
tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ vkyt f m;crS jzwfawmufrrI sm;?
tvkyform;tm; 'PfaiGcsrSwfonfh vkyfief;pOf
rsm; ponfwdkYudk azmfjyxm;onfh jrifvG,fonfh
aMumf j imwpf c k u d k tvk y f & S i f t m; csd w f q G J x m;
apjcif;/
33 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

10/ tvkyform;ESifhtvkyf&SiftzGJUtpnf; tvkyform;rsm;\ tzGJUtpnf;twGuf pnf;½kHvIyfaqmfrI

wpfpdwfwpfydkif;taejzifh yHkrSefw&m;0ifBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI
(or*¾rsm;) udk þwm;jrpfcsuftm; toHk;jyKjcif;udk rwdk;csJU&yg/
10.1/ tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;(or*¾)rsm;odkY qufoG,f
0if a &muf c G i f h tvkyform;rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;rI
(LOL Preamble, Sec.’s 2-3, 49) tvkduf? vkyfief; odkYr[kwf vkyfaqmifrItvdkuf vnfywf
vkyaf qmifonfh tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;odo
Yk mqufo,
G f
tvkyo
f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;Oya'\ &nf½, G cf surf mS
0ifa&muf&ef owfrSwfonf/
• tvkyo f rm;wd\Yk tcGit
hf a&;udk umuG,&f ef
• tvkyform;rsm;tMum;ESifh tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyf 10.2/ tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;&SiftzGJU
orm;rsm;tMum; aumif;rGeaf omqufqaH &; wd;k jri§ hf tpnf ; rsm;zG J U pnf ; cG i f h
ap&ef (Constitution 354, LOL Sec.’s 4-6, 8)
• tvkyform;rsm;u tvkyform;or*¾rsm;udk trSD
2008 jrefrmEdik if zH UJG pnf;tkycf sLyfyHk tajccHOya'u Edik if o
H m;
tcdkuif;uif;jzifh pepfwus zGJUpnf;tkyfcsLyfwwf
wdkif; tm; toif;tzGJU odkYr[kwf tzGJUtpnf;rsm; zGJUpnf;
ap&ef
aqmif½u G fcGifhudk uwday;twnfjyK ay;xm;onf/
þOya'onf yk*¾vduydkifESifh tpdk;&ydkif vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
tajccHtvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk vkyfief;cGifwpfckwGif
vkyfief;u@rsm;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;ESifh oufqkdifonf/
tenf;qk;H tvkyo f rm;OD;a& 30 jzifh zGUJ pnf;Edik o
f nf (puf½?Hk
• puf ½ k H ? tvk y f ½ k H ? tvk y f X mersm;ES i f h ¤if ; wd k Y \
tvky½f ?Hk vkyif ef;Xme? aqmufvyk af &;vkyif ef;rsm;? ydaYk qmif
xkwfukefpD;yGm;vkyfief;rsm;
qufo, G af &; vkyif ef;rsm;? 0efaqmifrI vkyif ef;rsm; odrYk [kwf
• pdu k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;
tjcm;toufarG;tvkyfrsm;)
• aqmufvyk af &;ESihf jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f jcif;rsm;
• pufrv I yk if ef;rsm;
txufazmfjyxm;ouJhodkY vkyfief;cGifrsm;wGif tvkyform;
• ydkYaqmifqufoG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;
ta&twGuf 30 OD;atmuf enf;yg;cJhvQif u@wlwpfck
• 0efaqmifrIvkyfom;rsm;ESifh tjcm;toufarG;0rf;
twGif;ESifh a'otwGif;&Sd tjcm;vkyfief;cGifwpfckrS tvkyf
ausmif;tvkyrf sm; (,if;wGit f rd t
f ul vkyif ef;rsm;
orm;rsm;ESihf twlwuGy;l aygif;í tajccHtvkyo f rm; tzGUJ
yg0ifonf/)
tpnf;wpfckudk zGJUpnf;Edkifonf/ þuJhodkYaom tajctae
• tpd;k &Xmersm;ESihf tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;
rsKd ;wGif tajccHtvkyo
f rm;tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;vdak om vkyif ef;cGif
• ynma&;vkyif ef;rsm;
rsm; twGi;f &Sd tvkyo
f rm;tm;vk;H \ 10% u or*¾zUGJ pnf;
&ef oabmwlaMumif;rJay;&rnf/ rJuv kd ufrw S jf zifh pkaqmif;
tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; Oya'wGiftusKH;r0ifaom tvkyf
Mu&rnf/
orm;rsm;rSm wyfrawmfom;0efxrf;rsm;? &J0efxrf; rsm;ESifh
umuG,af &;vufatmuf&dS vufeufuikd f tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;rS
Nrd K Ue,f t vk y f o rm;tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;ud k Nrd K Ue,f t wG i f ; &S d
tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfygonf/ jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&; aumfydka&;&Sif;u
vkyfief;u@wl tajccHtvkyform; tzGJUtpnf;tm;vkH;\
yd k i f q d k i f a om t&yf z uf x k w f v k y f a &; vk y f i ef ; rsm;wG i f
tenf;qkH; 10%\ axmufcHrIjzifh zGJUpnf;Edkifonf/
vkyfudkifaeaom tvkyform;rsm;wGif tvkyform; or*¾
zGJUpnf;cGifhESifh 0ifa&mufcGifh&Sdonf/
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;udk oufqkdif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;^ jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd
txufazmfjyyg tvGeef nf;yg;onfh >cif;csurf v S í
JG tvkyf
vkyfief;u@wl NrdKUe,ftvkyform; tzGJUtpnf;tm;vkH;\
orm;wdkif;onf tvkyform;or*¾ tzGJUtpnf;wpfckckodkY
tenf;qkH; 10% axmufcHrIjzifh zGJUpnf;Edkifonf/
qufoG,f0ifa&mufcGifhESifh ¤if;wdkYqE´&Sdu EIwfxGufydkifcGifh
&So
d nf/ þwGif aeYpm;tvkyo f rm;? ,m,D tvkyof rm;rsm;?
tvk y f o rm;tzG J U csLyf r sm;ud k vk y f i ef ; u@wl k od k Y r [k w f
tvkyo f ifrsm;ESihf oifwef;om;rsm;? a½GUajymif;tvkyo f rm;
vkyfaqmifrIwl wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f tvkyf
rsm;? pd k u f y sd K ;a&;tvk y f o rm;rsm;? q&m^q&mrrsm;ES i f h
orm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;vkH;\ tenf;qkH; 10% \
tjcm;tpdk;& 0efxrf;rsm;wdkY yg0ifygonf/
axmufcHrIjzifh zGJUpnf;Edkifonf/
tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;odkYyg0if&ef odkYr[kwf ryg0if&ef
rnfonfh tvkyo f rm;udrk qdk rnfow l pfO;D wpfa,mufurQ
zdtm; ay;jcif;? Ncrd ;f ajcmufjcif;? ravsmMf oZmok;H jcif; r&Sad p&/
 34

aemufqkH;wGif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mtvkyform;a&;&mtzGJUrsm;udk • udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a½G;aumufcGifh/

jrefrmtvkyform;tzGJUcsLyfrsm;tm;vkH;\ tenf;qkH; 20% • ¤if;wdkY\ pDrHcefYcGJjcif; vIyf&Sm;aqmif½GufrIrsm;ESifh
\ axmufcHrIjzifh zGJUpnf;Edkifonf/ tpDtpOfrsm;udk pGufzufrIr&SdbJ pDrHaqmif½Guf
EdkifcGifh/
• cGjJ cm;qufqjH cif; odrYk [kwf vufwek jYf yefjcif; uif;
vGwfpGmjzifh vkyfudkifaqmif½GufcGifh
• tvky&f iS rf sm; odrYk [kwf vkyif ef;&Sit f zGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf
pkaygif;oabmwlnDrI &&Sdap&ef &nf&G,fvsuf
nd§EIdif;cGifh&Sdonf/
• þOya't& jy|mef;ay;xm;aom tcGit hf a&;rsm;
twnfrjzpfonfhtcg vkyfief;&SifxHodkY w&m;0if
awmif;qdck surf sm; wdik Mf um;cGiEhf iS hf tvky&f iS rf sm;ESihf
oabmwlnrD I &&Sad p&ef &nf&, G v f suf n§Ed idI ;f jcif;
• tvkyform;Oya'yg tvkyform;rsm;\ tcGifh
ta&; odkYr[kwf tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhywfowfí
tpdk;&ESifhjyKvkyfonfh aqG;aEG;rIrsm;wGif tvkyf
orm;rsm;ESihf ¤if;wd\ Yk tvky&f iS Ef iS t hf wl yl;aygif;
tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;tm;vk;H onf tpd;k &tmPmydik f yg0if aqmif½GufcGifh
rsm; odrYk [kwf vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;\ pGuzf ufjcif;rS uif;vGwNf y;D • pkaygif; ndE§ iId ;f awmif;qdjk cif;ESihf tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Si;f
rdrw
d Ykd ud,
k yf ikd t
f rnfEiS hf wHqyd w
f ;Hk jzifh rdrw
d v
Ykd yk if ef;aqmif a&;rsm;wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifcGifh35
wmudk vkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdonf/ • tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;0ifjzpfjcif; odrYk [kwf tzGUJ
tpnf;\ aqmif&GufrIrsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;aMumifh
rSwfykHwifxm;onfh tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;onf w&m;pGJ xkwyf ,fjcif;cH&aom tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk jyefvnf
cGifh ESifh w&m;pGJcHEdkifrI&Sdonf/ cefYxm;&ef tvkyf&Sifudk awmif;qdkcGifh
• tvkyform;Oya'ESifh rnDñGwfyJ xkwfy,fcH&
jrefrmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m tvkyform;a&;&mtzGJUrsm;ESifh tvkyf aom tvk y f o rm;rsm;ud k jyef v nf c ef Y x m;&ef
orm; tzGJUcsKyfrsm;onf tjcm;tvkyform;tzGJUrsm;? EdkifiH tvkyf&Sifudk awmif;qdkcGifh36
wum tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynf • oufqdkif&m Oya'ESifhtnD oydwfarSmufjcif;rsm;
rsm;\ tvkyform;a&;&mtzGJUrsm; odkYr[kwf tzGJUcsKyfrsm; tygt0if vkyfief;cGifqdkif&m wkefYjyefaqmif½Guf
wdkYjzifh twlwuG vkyfudkifaqmif½GufEdkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf rsm;rIrsm;wGif yg0ifciG hf
EdkifiHwum tvkyform;tzGJUcsLyfrsm;ESifh csdwfqufvkyfudkif • tjcm;oabmwlncD surf &Syd gu tvkyo f rm;wpfO;D
aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ udk tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;\ wm0efrsm;udk xrf;
aqmifap&ef wpfvvQif 2 &uf wm0efcsxm;ydik cf iG hf
tvky&f iS rf sm;onfvnf; tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm; zGUJ pnf; • tvkyo f rm;rsm;ESihf tvky&f iS Mf um; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;
onfhzGJUpnf;ykHtwdkif; vkyfief;&Sif tzGJUtpnf;rsm;zGJUpnf;Edkif wGif nd§EdIif;zsefajza&;tzGJUESifh ckH^tzGJUrsm;odkY
onf/ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; apvTwfydkifcGifh&Sdonf/

10.3/ tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;ESifh tvkyo

f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;wGif atmufygwm0efrsm;&So d nf/
wm0ef r sm; • tpnf;ta0;rsm;usif;yjcif;? oydwfarSmufjcif;ESifh
(LOL Sec.’s 17-23, 30; SLDL Sec. 2(l-m)) tjcm;pkaygif; vIy&f mS ;aqmif½u G rf I udk Nird ;f csr;f pGm
tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;wGif atmufyg aqmif½Guf&efESifh ¤if;wdkYudk,fydkif csrSwfxm;aom
wdu
Yk kd vkyu
f ikd af qmif½u
G Ef ikd &f ef tcGit
hf a&;&So
d nf/ pnf;rsO;f rsm;udk vdu
k ef mouJoh Ykd Oya'udk av;pm;
• ¤if;wdkY\ zGJUpnf;ykHESifh pnf;rsOf;rsm; a&;qGJydkifcGifh/ vdkufem&ef/

35 pkaygif;aqG;aEG; ñ§dEIdif;rI[lonf tvkyf&Sif (odkY) tvkyf&SiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; aqGaEG;ñ§dEIdif;NyD;? pkaygif;oabmwlnDcsuf

csrSwfjcif;jzpfygonf/ ESpfzuftzGJUtpnf; tMum;a&;om;xm;onfh pkaygif;oabmwlnDcsufonf tvkyftudkifqdkif&m pnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifh tvkyftudkif
tajctaersm;/ tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; todtrSwfjyKjcif;? vkyfief;cGifqufqHa&;rsm;? tvkyform;a&;&m tjiif;yGg;rIrsm;udk BudKwif umuG,fjcif;
ESifhajz&Sif;jcif;qdkif&m aqmif½GufrIrsm;ESifh vlrIqdkif&mtEÅ&m,f&SdEdkifonfh taetxm;rsm;rStvkyform;rsm;tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;?
qkH;jzwfowfrSwfEdkifygonf/
36 tvkyfxkwfjcif;? tvkyfjyefvnfcefYtyfjcif; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifh vkyfcvpmay;acsjcif;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;? Oya'rsm;wGif aemufxyfowfrSwfjy|mef;csuf
rsm; r&Sdyg/
35 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

• tvkyt f udik qf ikd &f m pnf;rsO;f rsm;a&;qGjJ cif;? wpfO;D • tvkyo f rm;rsm;udk ud, k pf m;jyKjcif;
csif; tvkyfcefYxm;rIqdkif&m oabmwlpmcsLyfrsm;? • tvkyform;rsm;\ tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifh &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk
bGe;f pmcsLyfrsm; ESihf tvkyo f rm;rsm; ESihf tvky&f iS f umuG,fay;jcif;
tMum; tjcm;oabmwl n D c suf r sm;twG u f • tvk y f o rm;rsm;\ vk y f i ef ; wm0ef E S i f h wm0ef
taxmuftulay;&ef/ 0wå&m;rsm;udk em;vnfay;jcif;
• xkwfvkyfrIwdk;wufapa&;twGuf uRrf;usifrI
10.4/ tvkyf&Sif\wm0efrsm; oifwef;rsm; jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;
(LOL Sec.’s 29, 31) • tzG J U 0if r sm;ud k td r f , m? ouf o macsmif c sd a &;?
tvkyf&Sifu ¤if;wdkY\ vkyfief;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;u@rsm;rS or0g,rESifh tjcm;ta&;udpörsm;wGif yHhydk;ulnD
tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;udk tvkyrf m;rsm;tm; ud, k pf m; &rnf/
jyKonf h tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;tjzpf tod t rS w f j yK&rnf /
tvk y f & S i f u tvk y f o rm;tzG J U tpnf ; rsm; zG J p nf ; &ef 10.6/ tvk y f o rm;tzG J U tpnf ; tzG J U 0if a Mu;rsm;ES i f h
odkYr[kwf tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk aiGa&;aMu;a&; &ef y k H a iG o k H ; pG J j cif ;
tm;jzif h od k Y r [k w f tjcm;enf ; vrf ; rsm;jzif h ¤if ; wd k Y \ (LOL Sec.’s 14, 24-28)
xd e f ; csLyf r I a tmuf w G i f xm;&S d & ef wpf p k H w &m vI y f & S m ; tvk y f o rm;tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;\ vpOf t zG J U 0if a Mu;onf
aqmif½GufrIrvkyf&/ odkYaomf tvkyf&Sifonf ¤if;tvkyf tzGUJ 0iftvkyo f rm;\ vpOfvyk t f m;c\ 2% xuf rausmf
orm;rsm;\ tusKd ;pD;yGm;tvdiYk mS tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ tpnf; ap&/ tajccHtvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vpOftzGJU0if
rsm;u arwåm&yfcHcJhygu wwftm;oa½GU ulnDaxmufyHh aMu;rsm;udk NrdKUe,f? wdkif;a'oBuD;^jynfe,f? tzGJUcsLyfESifh
ay;Edkifonf/ tvkyf&Sifu tvkyform; tzGJUtpnf;\ Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f mtvkyo f rm;a&;&mtzGUJ rsm;odYk rQa0ay;&rnf/
tvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwDu wm0efcsxm;onfh tvkyf taMumif;rSm ¤if;wdo Yk nf tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ csLyf wpfcck si;f pD
orm;wpfOD;udk w&m;0if tvkyfvkyfudkifaeouJhodkY cGifhjyK& \ ñTefMum;cH tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh jzpfygonf/37
rnf/ xdkwm0efrsm;onf wpfvvQif 2 &ufxuf rydkap& vufawGUwGif tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; tzGJU0ifaMu;rSm
odkYr[kwf tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;tMum; oabmwlnDrI ykaH oowfrw S xf m;Ny;D vpOfvyk t
f m;caMumifh tajymif;tvJ
twdkif;jzpfonf/ twuftusr&Sd&acs/

tpdk;&u tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk taxmuftul tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fydkif&HykHaiGudk

ay;Ed k i f c G i f h & S d o nf / od k Y a omf ¤if ; wd k Y \ w&m;0if v I y f & S m ; toif;0ifaMu;? vpOftzGJU0ifaMu;? tvkyform;tzGJU\
aqmif½GufrIrsm; vkyfydkifcGifhudk av;pm;&rnf/ ,Ofaus;rIEiS hf tm;upm;vIy&f mS ;aqmif½u G rf rI sm;? tvky&f iS f
rsm;xHrS tvSLaiGrsm;ESihf tpd;k & cGijhf yKcsay;onfh aiGrsm;jzifh
10.5/ trI a qmif a umf r wD r sm; xlaxmifEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/
(LOL Sec.’s 7, 16, 50)
tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;\ tvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD\ tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;\&efykHaiGudk ¤if;wdkY\ zGJUpnf;ykHESifh
Oya'aMumif; vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk rnfolrQ pGufzuf pnf;rsOf;rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh vlrIoufomacsmifcsda&;?
aESmifh,Sufjcif;(odkY) ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif; jyKvkyfír&yg/ ynma&;? usef;rma&;? ,Ofaus;rI? tm;upm;? uRrf;usif
trI a qmif a umf r wD r sm;wG i f tzG J U 0if t a&;twG u f o nf oifwef;rsm;wdw Yk iG o
f m tok;H jyKEikd Nf y;D tvkyof rm;tzGUJ tpnf;
r*Pef ; jzpf N yD ; ¤if ; wd k Y u d k a½G ; aumuf w if a jr§ m uf & rnf / nDvmcHwiG f tzGUJ 0iftrsm;pku oabmwlonfh tjcm;udp&ö yf
tajccHtzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif 5 OD;ESifh txuf(tNrJwap rsm;wGiv
f nf; tok;H jyKEikd o
f nf/ ,if;jy|mef;csuu f kd azmufzsuf
r*Pef;om&Sd&rnf)&Sd&rnf/ NrdKUe,frsm;? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh onf[k jypfrIxif&Sm;pD&ifcH&vQif rnfolUudkrqdk aiG'Pf
jynfe,frsm;wGif 7 OD;rS 15 OD;xdEiS hf Ekid if v H ;Hk qdik &f m tvkyf wyfjcif; ESi^hf odrYk [kwf axmif'PfwpfEpS x f d jypf'Pfusc&H
orm;a&;&m tzGJUrsm;wGif 15-35OD; xd&Sd&rnf/ rnf/

tvk y f t rI a qmif a umf r wD \ wm0ef 0 wå & m;rsm;wG i f

atmufygwdkYyg0ifonf/

37 jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh tBuHjyKwdkufwGef;csufrsm; usifhokH;a&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;aumfrwDu tzGJU0ifxnfh0ifaMu;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; atmufyg

avhvmcsufudk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tvkyform;tzGJU tpnf;rsm;ESifhtvkyf&SiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;onftxl;ojzifh?,if;wdkY\vkyfydkifcGifh?b@ma&;qdkif&m
vGwfvyfpGm&yfwnfrIESifh ,if;wdkY\ t&m0w¬Lypönf;rsm;tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;tygt0if? tpdk;&tmPmydkifwdkY\ 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;r&SdbJ
vsufpDrHcefYcGJa&;qdkif&mrsm;udkpDpOfaqmif½GufEdkifonfhtcGifhta&;udkjy|mef;csuf\tydk'f (3)u tumtuG,fay;xm;onfudk jyefvnftrSwf&vsuf?
aumf r wD o nf t pd k ; &tm; þyk ' f r ud k j yef q if & ef t wG u f vd k t yf o nf h a qmif ½ G u f r I r sm; vk y f a qmif & ef arwå m &yf c H x m;ygonf / xd k o d k Y j yif q if j cif ;
tm;jzifhrnfonfhOya'jy|mef;csuf (odkY) tpdk;&bufrSaeítjcm;aomMum;0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;r&SdbJvsuf?tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ &efykHaiGrsm;udk
tqifhjrifhtvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkY ay;ydkYjcif;ESifhywfoufNyD;qkH;jzwfowfrSwfonfhudpöt00udk tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; udk,fwdkifaocsmpGm
aqmif½GufEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
 36

tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\&efykHaiGtwGuf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m tvkyform;a&;&mtzGJUESifh tzGJUcsLyfrsm;u

jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f bPfpm&if; wpfczk iG v
hf pS &f rnfjzpfNy;D &efyaHk iG ¤if;wdkYzGJUpnf;ykH tajccHpnf;rsOf;udk oabmwlNyD;aMumif;
udkpDrHcefYcGJ&mwGif aiGaMu;c0gcsrIxdef;csLyfjcif;Oya'udk tvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD tzGJU0ifrsm;u twnfjyKonhf
vdkufem&rnf/ pmwpfapmifEiS hf zGUJ pnf;ykpH nf;rsO;f udk rSwyf w
Hk ift&m&Scd sLyf xHoYkd
wifoGif;&rnf/
tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; &efykHaiGudk ¤if;tzGJU\ tvkyftrI
aqmif aumfrwDu xdef;odrf;&rnf/ tvkyftrIaqmif tu,fí tzGJUtpnf;\ pnf;rsOf;u cGifhjyKNyD; trIaqmif
aumf r wD u wpf v csif ; pD \ tzG J U 0if v pOf a Mu;rS & aom aumf r wD 0 if t rsm;pk u oabmwl v Qif vk y f i ef ; u@wl
0ifaiGESifh tjcm;&if;jrpfrsm;rS&aiGudk csjy&rnf/ okH;aiGrsm; wpfcktwGif; odkYr[kwf vkyfief;wlonfh tvkyform; tzGJU
udkvnf; tvm;wlcsjy&rnf/ tpnf;rsm; yl;aygif;Edkifonf/ (odkYr[kwf jyefvnfcGJxGufEdkif
onf/) yl;aygif;jcif; (od)Yk cGx
J u
G jf cif;ESiyhf wfoufNy;D tvkyf
tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;\ ESpyf wfvnf aiGpm&if;azmfjycsuf orm;tzG J U tpnf ; u jynf e ,f r S w f y k H w if t&m&S d x H
wpf c k u d k b@mES p f w pf c k \ tqk H ; wG i f Nrd K Ue,f r S w f y k H w if avQmufvTm wif&rnf/
t&m&S d x H (tajccH ? Nrd K Ue,f ? wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; ^jynf e ,f )
odrYk [kwf rSwyf w
Hk ift&m&Scd sLyfxoH Ykd (Edik if v
H ;Hk qdik &f m tvkyf tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk rSwfykHwifay;oifhonf odkYr
orm;a&;&mtzGUJ ESihf tzGUJ csLyfrsm;) ay;yd&Yk rnf/ [kwf rlvrSwfykHwifavQmufvTm vufcH&&SdNyD; &uf 60
twGi;f ¤if;wd\
Yk rSwyf w
Hk ifavQmufxm;rIukd jiif;y,f&onfh
10.7/ tvk y f o rm;tzG J U tpnf r sm; rS w f y k H w if j cif ; wdusaom taMumif;jycsufudk azmfjy&rnf/
(LOL Sec.’s 10-12, 15, 32)
tvkyo
f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ zGUJ pnf;ykH odrYk [kwf pnf;rsO;f 10.8/ rS w f y k H w if t &m&S d r sm;\ vk y f y d k i f c G i f h E S i f h wm0ef
twG u f ,if ; tzG J U \tzG J U 0if r sm;pk \ twnf j yKcsuf & 0wå & m;rsm;
,l&rnf jzpfNyD; ¤if;wGif atmufygwdkYyg0if&rnf/ (LOL Sec.’s 32, 36)
• tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;\trnf NrKd Ue,frw
S yf w
Hk ift&m&So
d nf avQmufxm;onfh tvkyo f rm;
• tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;zGUJ pnf;&jcif;\ &nf½, G cf suf tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;uwif j yonf h avQmuf v T m ud k o k H ; oyf N yD ;
• tzGJU0if 0ifcGifhjyKa½G;cs,fjcif;? tzGJU0iftodrSwfjyK rSwfykHwift&m&SdcsLyfxHodkY wifjy&rnf/
uwfxkwfay;jcif;ESifh tzGJU0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fjcif;
vkyif ef;pOf rSwyf wHk ift&m&So
d nf tvkyof rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;udk Oya'
• tvkyt f rIaqmifaumfrwDtzGUJ 0ifrsm; a½G;aumuf rsm; odrYk [kwf enf;Oya'rsm;wGif owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;onf
wifajrm§ ufjcif;? wm0efay;tyfjcif;? z,f&mS ;jcif;ESihf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; avQmufvTmwGif
EIwx f uG jf cif;vkyif ef;pOfrsm; ryg&Sod nfh owif;tcsut f vufrsm;udk awmif;cH&rnf/ tcsuf
• tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm; tvufrsm; rjynfph yHk gu avQmufxm;jcif; aESmifah ES;Edik o
f nf/
• tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;&efykHaiG wnfaxmifjcif;?
xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;ESifh tokH;jyKjcif;vkyfief;pOf rSwyf wHk ifjcif;udk rSwyf w
Hk ift&m&Scd sLyfu twnfjyKvQif NrKd Ue,f
• vpOfEiS hf ESppf Of&efyaHk iGpm&if;ppfjcif;vkyif ef;pOf rSwyf w
Hk ift&m&Su d tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;odYk twnfjyKonfh
qkH;jzwfcsufudk taMumif;Mum;jcif;ESifh rSwfykHwifoufaocH
tajccH E S i f h wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; ^jynf e ,f tvk y f o rm;tzG J U vufrw S f xkwaf y;jcif;wdjYk yKvyk &f rnf/
tpnf;rsm;onf tzGUJ tpnf;(tajccH) wnfaxmiforl sm;xHrS
odkYr[kwf tvkyftrIaqmif aumfrwDrsm; (wdkif;a'oBuD; NrKd Ue,frw
S yf w
Hk ift&m&Sod nf tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\
^jynfe,f)xHrS zGpYJ nf;yHt k ajccH pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESihf a&;om;xm; tzGJU0ifOD;a&ESifh b@ma&; tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh ywfoufí
aompmudk NrdKUe,frSwfykHwift&m&SdxH wifoGif;&rnf/ aemufaMumif;vdu k &f rnf/ rSwyf w
Hk ifjcif;udk y,fzsu&f ef xdu
k f
oifhonfh tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk pHkprf;ppfaq;&ef
rSwfyHkwift&m&SdcsKyfonf rSwfyHkwift&m&Sdrsm;udk ñTefMum;
Ekdifonf/
37 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

rSwfykHwift&m&SdcsKyfonf atmufygwdkYudk aqmif&Guf&ef

vdktyfygonf/
• NrdKUe,frSwfykHwift&m&Sdrsm;u qkH;jzwfay;vdkuf
onfh tvkyform; tzGJUtpnf;rSwfykHwifjcif;rsm;
(rSwfykHwify,fzsufjcif;? aygif;pnf;jcif;ESifh cGJxGuf
jcif;rsm; tygt0if)udk jyefvnfokH;oyf&rnf/
• rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;udk &ufaygif; 30 twGi;f qk;H jzwfcsuf
ay;&rnf/
• vGrJ mS ;aom &nf½, G cf suf (od)Yk vdrv
f nfvnS jhf zm;í
jzpfap? rSm;,Gif;jcif;aMumifhjzpfap zGJUpnf;xm;
NyD;aom tvkyform; tzGJUtpnf;wpfckudk pkHprf;
ppfaq;jcif;ESifh rSwfykHwify,fzsufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf
Edkif&ef NrdKUe,frSwfykHwift&m&Sdudk ñTefMum;&rnf/
• tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;\ tenf;qkH; 10% udk
udk,fpm;jyKaomtvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; wpfcku
pm&if;ppfwpfOD;tm; arwåm&yfcHawmif;qdkygu
tvkyform;tzGJUcsKyfrsm;? EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m tvkyf
orm;a&;&mtzGJUrsm;ESifh tjcm;tvkyform;tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;udk pm&if;ppf&rnf/

10.9/ rS w f y k H r wif j cif ; ES i f h rS w f y k H w if y ,f z suf j cif ;

qdkif&mqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;
(LOL Sec.’s 33-35)
tvkyof rm;tzGUJ tpnf;wpfc\ k tvkyt f rIaqmifaumfrwDu
¤if;tzGUJ udk rSwyf w
Hk ify,fzsu&f ef awmif;qdck yhJ gu rSwyf w
Hk if
t&m&SdcsKyfu rSwfykHwifjcif;udk y,fzsufEdkifonf/

tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;Oya't& vdktyfaom tenf;qkH;

&S&d rnfh tzGUJ 0ifta&twGuf rjynfrh yD gu tqdyk g tzGUJ rsm;
\ rSwfykHwifjcif;udkvnf; y,fzsufEdkifonf/

rSwfyHkwifjcif;tay: rSwfyHkwift&m&SdcsKyf\ jiif;y,fjcif;

odrYk [kwf rSwyf w
Hk ify,fzsujf cif;cH&rIrsm;udk w&m;vTwaf wmf
csKyfodkY t,lcH0ifEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/ rSwfyHkwift&m&SdcsKyf\
qHk;jzwfcsufonf qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD; &ufaygif; (90) txd
odrYk [kwf t,lc0H ifrt I ay: w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyu f qH;k jzwf
csuf rcsNyDrjcif; tmPmouf0ifjcif;r&Sdyg/
 38

11/ tvk y f o rm;a&;&mvk y f i ef ;

n§ d E I d i f ; a&;aumf r wD r sm;
(SLDL Sec.’s 3-5, 8)
tvkyform;OD;a& 30 ESifh txufonf&Sdonfh tvkyf&Sif
rsm;onf tvky&f iS Ef iS hf tvkyof rm;(od)Yk tvkyo f rm; tzGYJ
tpnf;wdkYMum; qufqHa&;? tvkyftudkifqdkif&m pnf;urf;
csufrsm;udk ñ§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;rI? pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;?
vkyif ef;cGif ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Si;f a&;? use;f rma&;? oufom
acsmifcsda&;ESifh ukefxkwfvkyfrI wdk;jr§ifha&;wdkYudk jr§ifhwif&ef
&nf½, G of nfh tvkyo f rm;a&;&mvkyif ef; n§Ed idI ;f a&;aumfrwD
(WCC) udk zGUJ pnf;&rnf/

tu,f í tvk y f o rm;rsm;u tvk y f o rm;tzG J U tpnf ;

odrYk [kwf tzGUJ tpnf;rsm; zGUJ pnf;Ny;D ygu vkyif ef;cGi&f dS tvkyf
orm;tzGUJ tpnf;wpfzUJG pDu ud, k pf m;vS,f 2 OD;pD ceft Y yfEikd Nf y;D
tvky&f iS bf ufrv S nf; ta&twGuw f al om ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm; a½G;cs,Ef ikd o
f nf/ (Oyrm-tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;2 cku
ud, k pf m;vS,pf pk ak ygif; 4 OD;a½G;cs,Nf y;D tvky&f iS b
f ufrv S nf;
ud, k pf m;vS,f 4 OD;a½G;cs,jf cif;)

tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;r&Syd gu tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf tvkyf

orm;a&;&mvkyif ef; ndE§ idI ;f a&;aumfrwDoYkd ud,
k pf m;vS,f 2
OD;udk vGwfvyfpGm a½G;aumufay;EdkifNyD; tvkyf&SifrSvnf;
ud,k pf m;vS,f 2 OD;udk a½G;cs,af y;&rnf/

tvk y f o rm;tzG J U tpnf ; a&m a½G ; aumuf c H t vk y f o rm;

ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;yg &So d nfh vkyif ef;cGirf sm;wGif tvkyo f rm;
tzGUJ tpnf;ESihf tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;0if ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;
\ &yfwnfcsuu f kd ao;odraf vsmyh g;ap&ef ta½G;cs,cf t H vkyf
orm;tzGUJ tpnf;0if r[kwaf om tvkyo f rm; ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;udk tok;H csciG rhf &Sad cs/ tvkyo f rm;a&;&mvkyif ef; ñ§Ed idI ;f
a&;aumfrwD tzGJU0ifrsm;\ oufwrf;rSm 1 ESpfjzpfNyD;
aumfrwDrS Ekwx f u G o f mG ;onfh tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\ vpfvyfae&m
twGuf oufqdkifonfhbufu jyefjznfh&rnf/
39 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

12/ tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;a&; wpfOD;csif;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;onf tvkyform;wpfOD;csif;ESifh

tvky&f iS w
f MYkd um; jzpfymG ;Edik o
f nf/ ,if;wdu
Yk kd a,bk,stm;jzifh
12.1/ tvkyform;a&;&mtjiif;yGm;rIOya'ESifh pepfwdkY\ tcGifhta&;qdkif&mtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;[k ,lqEdkifNyD; ,if;odkY
&nf½G,fcsuf ,l q &onf h t aMumif ; rS m Oya'rsm; od k Y r [k w f vk y f x k H ;
tvkyo f rm;a&;&mtjiif;yGm;rIOya'onf tvky&f iS Ef iS hf tvky vkyef nf;rsm;? tav;ay;owfrw S xf m;onfh tusKd ; cHpm;cGirhf sm;
o
f rm;tMum; aumif;rGeaf om qufqaH &;jzifh tvkyo f rm; (odkYr[kwf &ydkifcGifhrsm;)? pkaygif;oabm wlnDcsufwdkYrS
tcGithf a&;udk xde;f odr;f umuG,&f efEiS hf tvky&f iS Ef iS hf tvkyf aomfvnf;aumif; odrYk [kwf tvkycf efx Y m;rI qdik &f m oabm
orm;tMum; tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk w&m;rQwpGmajz&Sif;jcif; wlpmcsKyfjzpfaomfvnf;aumif; xGufay:vmjcif;aMumifh
tm;jzifh vkyif ef;cGiNf ird ;f csr;f a&; wnfaqmuf&ef &nf½, G o f nf/ jzpfygonf/

tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Si;f a&;pepfonf yk*v ¾ u

d ydik Ef iS hf tpd;k &ydik Ef pS cf k pkaygif;tjiif;yGm;rI[o l nf tvky&f iS w f pfO;D (odrYk [kwf tvkyf
pvk;H \ atmufygvkyif ef;u@rsm;ESihf vkyif ef;rsm;&Sd tvkyf &Sitf zGUJ tpnf;rsm;)ESihf tvkyo f rm;rsm;odYk tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ
orm;rsm; ESio hf ufqikd o f nf/ tpnf;(rsm;)tMum; tvkyv f yk uf ikd &f rItajctae? vkyif ef;cGif
• puf½rHk sm;?tvky½f rHk sm;? tvkyXf mersm;ESihf ¤if;wd\ Yk twGif;¤if;wdkY tzGJUtpnf;udk todrSwfjyKcH&rI? ¤if;wdkYtzGJU
xkwfukefvkyfief;rsm; tpnf;\ todrw S jf yKc&H Ny;D jzpfaom tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk ok;H pGJ
• pduk yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef; usiahf qmifEikd rf I odrYk [kwf tvkyo f rm;ESihf tvky&f iS t f Mum;
• aqmufvyk af &;ESihf jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f jcif;vkyif ef;rsm; qufqHa&;wdkYESifhqufpyfí jzpfaomtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;vnf;
• pufrv I yk if ef;rsm; jzpfEdkifonf/ ,if;wdkYwGif tcGifhta&;qdkif&mtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;
• 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif; yg0ifEikd of uJo
h Ykd tusKd ;pD;yGm;qdik &f m t jiif;yGm;rIrsm;jzpfEikd Nf y;D
tvkyfrsm; (,if;wGif tdrftultvkyfrsm; yg0if ¤if;wdkYrSm oabmwlnDrIr&&Sdao;onfh tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh
onf) 0wå&m;rsm;udk A[djk yKNy;D jzpfay:ygonf/ þtajctaeonf
• tpd;k &Xmersm;ESihf tpd;k &tzGUJ tpnf;rsm; pkaygif;oabmwlnDcsuf topfwpf&yf odkYr[kwf pkaygif;
oabmwlnDcsufyg pnf;urf;csuftopfrsm;ESifh ywfouf
tvkyform;rsm;wGif aeYpm;tvkyform;rsm;? ,m,Dtvkyf NyD; aphpyfnd§EdIif;&mwGif a&SUrwdk;om aemufrqkwfomonfh
orm;rsm;? tvkyfoifrsm;? pdkufysdK;a&;tvkyform;rsm;? taetxm;wGif &SdEdkifygonf/
tdrftultvkyform;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifouJhodkY
tjiif;yGm;rIjzpfpOftwGif; xkwfy,fcHxm;&aom odkYr[kwf 12.3/ vk y f i ef ; cG i f e pf e mcsuf r sm;
tvkyrf &S yfem;cHvu
kd &f aom tvkyo
f rm;rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ (SLDL Sec.’s 6-7)

odkYaomf wyfrawmfESifh umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;rS 0efxrf;

rsm;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH&JwyfzGJwdkY ryg0ifacs/

12.2/ tvk y f o rm;tjiif ; yG m ;rI y k H p H r sm; (pkaygif;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;twGuf tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Si;f a&; vkyx

f ;Hk
(SLDL Sec. 2) vkyef nf;rsm;)
tvkyo f rm;tjiif;yGm;rIqo kd nfrmS tvkyo f rm;rsm; odrYk [kwf
tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf wpfO;D odrYk [kwf wpfO;D xuf
ydkaomtvkyf&Sifrsm; odkYr[kwf ¤if;wdkY\tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\
vkyif ef;cGit f a&;udprö sm;jzpfaom tvkycf eft Y yfjcif;? tvkyf
vkyu f ikd jf cif;? tvkyrf &S yfpjJ cif;(rsm;)? vkyt f m;cESihf tusKd ;cHpm;
cGiyhf pHk t
H m;vk;H ? use;f rma&;ESihf ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Si;f a&; udpö (wpfOD;csif;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;twGuf tjiif;yGm;rI ajz&Sif;a&;
&yfrsm;? xdcu kd 'f Pf&m&jcif;rsm;? rawmfwqrIrsm; odrYk [kwf vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;)
aoqk;H rIrsm;uJo h yYkd if cGiEhf iS hf tvkyyf w
d &f ufupd &ö yfrsm; ponfh
vkyfief;cGifESifhywfoufaom udpö&yfrsm;wGif oabmxm; tvkyform;rsm;? tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; odkYr[kwf
uGJvGJjcif;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ tvky&f iS rf sm; vkyif ef;cGief pfemcsurf sm;udk tvkyo f rm;a&; &m
vkyfief;nd§EdIif;a&;aumfrwDodkY wifjyEdkifNyD; 5 &uftwGif;
tvkyform;tjiif;yGm;rIonf wpfOD;csif;tjiif;yGm;rI(odkY)? ajz&Sif;ay;&rnf/ tjcm;wpfenf;rSm epfemcsuf vkyfxkH;
pkaygif;tjiif;yGm;rIypHk H wpfrsKd ;rsKd ; jzpfay:Edik o
f nf/ tvkyof rm; vkyef nf;rsm;udk pkaygif;ndE§ iId ;f awmif;qdrk t I m;jzifh wd;k wuf
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSm tcGit hf a&; (od)Yk tusKd ;pD;yGm;ESihf ywfoufNy;D apEkdifonf/
jzpfEdkifygonf/
 40

vkyfom;OD;a& 30 atmufenf;yg;aom vkyfief;cGifrsm;wGif txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkerf sm;twGuf txl;ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ rsm;
epfemcsurf sm;udk 5 &uftwGi;f ajz&Si;f ay;&ef tvky&f iS u
f kd udv
k nf; azmfjyygenf;vrf;twdik ;f zGUJ pnf;Edik of nf/
wifjy&rnf/
ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ onf wpfO;D csi;f tjiif;yGm;rIEiS hf pkaygif;
jzpf & yf E S p f c k p vk H ; wG i f epf e mrI r sm;tay: wd k i f w ef ; rI u d k tjiif;yGm;rIjzpf&yf ESpfckpvkH;wGif ESpfzufpvkH;u oabm
qufpyfonfh ñ§dEIdif;zsefajza&;tzGJUodkY ay;ydkY&rnf/ wlnDrI&&Sdonftxd BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&rnf/ ajyvnfrI
r&aom? rNy;D jywfaom wpfO;D csi;f tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk oufqidk f
12.4/ ñ§ d E I d i f ; zsef a jza&;tzG J U ES i f h vk y f i ef ; pOf r sm; &mw&m;½k;H wGif t,lc0H ifEikd o f nf/
(SLDL Sec.’s 9-11, 14-15, 23-26)
pkaygif;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;wGirf l ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ onf yg0if
vkyif ef;cGit
f wGi;f ajz&Si;f r&Edik o
f nfh wpfO;D csi;f ESihf pkaygif;
ol ESpfzufMum; oabmwlnDrI wpfck&&Sd&ef 3 &uftcsdef
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk tvkyform;rsm; odkYr[kwf tvkyf&Sif
&onf/ 3 &uftwGi;f oabmwlnrD w I pfpw Hk pf&m tajzr&Sm
rsm;u oufqkdif&m ñ§dEIdif;zsefajza&;tzGJUodkY ay;ydkYEdkifonf/
EdkifcJhygu (ñ§dEIdif;zsefajza&;ESifh ckHorm"dvkyfief;pOftwGuf
tvkyform;rsm; odkYr[kwf tvkyf&Sifrsm;xHrS wpfOD;csif;
tcsed u f efo
Y wf&mwGif w&m;0if½;Hk ydw&f ufrsm; xnfo h iG ;f jcif;
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifh tcGifhta&;jiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ñ§dEIdif;
rjyK&/) ñ§dEIdif;zsefajza&;tzGJUu trIwGJzdkifESifh tao;pdwf
zsefajza&;tzGJUodkY t,lcH0ifEdkifonf/
tpD&ifcpH mudk ajz&Si;f rI rNy;D jywfao;onfh udp&ö yftjzpf ouf
qdik &f morm"d tzGUJ odYk 2 &uftwGi;f ay;yd&Yk rnf/
NrKd Ue,ftqifh ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ rsm;(wdik ;f a'oBu;D ^jynfe,f
tpd;k &rsm;u zGUJ pnf;ay;&rnf/)wGif 2 ESpf oufwrf;&Sad om
12.5/ ckHorm"d tzGJUrsm;ESifh ,if;wdkY\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;
tzGUJ 0if 11 OD;yg&So d nf/
(tvk y f o rm;a&;&m tjiif ; yG m ;rI ajz&S i f ; a&;
Oya'? yk'fr? 16-22)
• jynf x J a &;0ef B uD ; Xme taxG a xG t k y f c sLyf a &;
OD;pD;XmerS wm0efay;tyfonfo h ol nf Ouú|jzpf tvkyof rm;0efBu;D Xmeu zGUJ pnf;xm;onfh wdik ;f a'oBu;D (od)Yk
onf/ jynfe,frsm;&Sd cko H rm"dtzGUJ rsm;onf tzGUJ 0if(11)OD;pD &SMd uNy;D ?
• tvkyf&Sifudk,fpm;vS,f 3 OD; ,if;wdYk oufwrf;onf 2 ESpjf zpfygonf/
• tvkyform; odkYr[kwf tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; • tvky&f iS f tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u axmufcw H ifjyonfh
ud, k pf m;vS,f 3 OD; trnfpm&if;rS a½G;cs,cf H yk*Kd¾ v(f 3)OD;
• NrKd Ue,ftqifh t&m&Sw d pfO;D (pHtm;jzifh puf½rHk sm;ESihf • tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u axmufcw H ifjyonfh
taxGaxGvkyform;Oya'rsm; ppfaq;a&;OD;pD; trnfpm&if;rS a½G;cs,cf H yk*Kd¾ v(f 3)OD;
Xmeu þ&mxl;udkjznfhwif;ay;&onf/ odkYaomf • tvkyf&SiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;tzGJU
tvkyform; qufqHa&;OD;pD;Xme wnf&Sdonfh tpnf;rsm;u ,kHMunfvufcHonfh *kPfoa&&Sd
a'owGif ¤if;XmerSudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;jzifh jznfh yk*Kd¾ v(f 2)OD;
wif; Edkifonf/) • wdik ;f a'oBu;D (od)Yk jynfe,f0efBu;D XmerS Xmeqdik &f m
• tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;ESifh tvkyf&SiftzGJUtpnf; t&m&S(d 3)OD;
ESpzf ufpvk;H u vufco H nfh ud, k pf m;vS,2f OD; • tzGJU0if vpfvyfygu rdrdwdkYoufqdkif&mbufu
• 0efBu;D Xme t&m&Sd 1 OD; (tvkyo f rm;OD;pD;Xmeu vdtk yfovdk jznfph u G yf gonf/
wm0efay;tyf&rnf/)
tvkyform;a&;&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ckHorm"dtzGJUrsm;odkY
tvky&f iS Ef iS t
hf vkyo
f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u rdrw d \
Ykd ud,
k pf m; wif j yvmaomtcgwG i f tvk y f & S i f tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;u
vS,t f rnfukd ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ odYk wifjy&rnf/ tvkyf axmufcw H ifjyonfh trnfpm&if;rS a½G;cs,x f m;aom olrsm;
orm;tzGUJ tpnf;r&So d nfah e&mwGif tvkyo f rm;rsm;u rdrw d Ykd xJrS wpfOD;ESifh tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u axmufcH
udk,fpm;vS,fudk a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf/ wpfzufpD wifjyonfh trnfpm&if;rS a½G;cs,xf m;aomolrsm;xJrS wpfO;D
onf ¤if ; wd k Y t zG J U 0if E k w f x G u f y gu vpf v yf a e&mwG i f tygt0if? tzGUJ 0if(3)OD;ygaom tzGUJ cGrJ sm;udk zGUJ pnf;&rnf/
jznfhwif;&rnf/
41 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

cko
H rm"dtzGUJ onf pkaygif;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk (7) &uftwGi;f
pD&ifqkH;jzwf aqmif½Guf&rnfjzpfNyD;? xdkqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk
aemuf(2)&uftwGif; oufqdkif&mtjiif;yGm;olrsm;xH ay;ydkY
&rnf/
oufqdkif&m tjiif;yGm;olrsm;onf ckHorm"dtzGJU\ pD&if
qkH;jzwfcsufudk vufcH&&Sdygu? qkH;jzwfcsufcs rSwfonfh
aeYrSpí tmPmwnfonf/
r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfonfh 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;
onfh pD&ifqkH;jzwfcsufrSty? ckHor"dtzGJU\ pD&ifqkH;jzwf
csufudk auseyfrIr&Sdygu? Oya'ESifhtnD? tvkyfydwfjcif;
(odkY) oydwfarSmufjcif; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ (odkY) oufqdkif&m
tjiif;yGm;olrsm; taejzifh cko H rm"daumifp\ D pD&ifq;Hk jzwf
csuu f kd cH,&l ef (7) &uftwGi;f t,lcaH vQmufxm;Edik o
f nf/
cko
H rm"daumifpw D iG f tzGUJ 0if(15)OD;&SNd y;D ? ,if;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf
Oya'a&;&mESihf tvkyo f rm;a&;&m udp&ö yfrsm; uRr;f usio
yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;jzpfNy;D ? oufwrf;onf(2)ESpjf zpfygonf/
• 0efBu;D Xmeu a½G;cs,af om yk*Kd¾ v(f 5)OD;
• tvkyf&SiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;u axmufcHwifjyonfh
trnfpm&if;rS a½G;cs,o f nfyh *k Kd¾ v(f 5)OD;
• tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u axmufcw H ifjyonfh
trnfpm&if;rS a½Gcs,o f nfyh *k Kd¾ v(f 5)OD;
cko
H rm"daumifpo D nf oD;jcm;vGwv f yfNy;D ? bufvu kd rf rI &Sb
vlrw I &m;rQwa&;? oifwifah umif;rGe;f aom tvkyt f udik Ef iS hf
omwlnrD Q&adS &;[laom rloabmw&m;rsm;tay:wGif tajccH
vsu?f qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; csrw S af qmif½u G &f ef wm0ef&ydS gonf/
ckHorm"daumifpDonf ckHorm"d tzGJUrsm;tm;vkH;twGuf
vkyif ef;aqmif½u G o f nfh enf;pepfrsm;? vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ESihf
tpDtpOfrsm;udv k nf; csrw S af qmif½u G yf gonf/ tjiif;yGm;rI
tay: aphpyfñEd§ idI ;f jcif;? ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jzjcif;ESihf cko
H rm"d pD&if
qkH;jzwfjcif;rsm;ESifhywfoufí? rnfonfhtcaMu;aiGudkrQ
oufqikd t f jiif;yGm;olrsm;xHrS aumufcjH cif; rjyK&yg/
tvkyform;a&;&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ckHorm"daumifpDodkY
wifjyvmaomtcgwGif? ckHorm"daumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;xJrS
(3)OD;udk a½G;cs,vf su?f cktH zGUJ udk zGUJ ygonf/ (tvky&f iS b f ufrS
wpfO;D ? tvkyo f rm;bufrw S pfO;D ESihf ,if;yk*Kd¾ v(f 2)OD;u a½G;cs,f
aom yk*Kd¾ vwf pfO;D )/ þckt
H zGUJ onf tjiif;yGm;rIukd rsuEf mS pkn H D
Mum;ppfaq;vsu?f (14)&uftwGi;f pD&ifq;Hk jzwf&Ny;D (r&Srd jzpf
vdtk yfaom 0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm;twGuf Mum;emppfaq;Ny;D
pD&ifqkH;jzwfonfhumvonf(7)&ufjzpfonf)/ pD&ifqkH;jzwf
csuu f kd aemuf(2)&uftwGi;f oufqikd &f m tjiif;yGm;olrsm;
xH ay;yd&Yk ygonf/
ckt
H zGUJ \ pD&ifq;Hk jzwfcsurf sm;onf csrw
S o
f nfh aeY&ufrpS wif
tmPmwnfonf/
tjiif;yGm;rIwiG f yg0ifot l m;vk;H onf pD&ifq;Hk jzwfcsurf sm;udk
av;pm;vdkufem&rnf/ ,if;wGif tvkyf&Sifrsm;\ w&m;0if
tarGqufcyH ikd cf iG hf &So
d rl sm;ESihf vkyif ef;Xme(rsm;)&Sd tvkyo
f rm;
tm;vkH;yg0ifonf/
oufqikd &f m tjiif;yGm;olrsm;onf cko
H rm"dtzGUJ (od)Yk cko
H rm"d
aumifpD\ qkH;jzwfcsuf twnfjzpfonfhaeY&ufrS okH;v
ausmfvGefygu? ,if;qkH;jzwfcsufudk jyifqifajymif;vJ&ef
oabmwlnDEdkifonf/ qkH;jzwfcsufudk oabmrwlygu?
trIac:pmcReaf wmf trdew Yf pf&yftwGuf jynfaxmifpk w&m;
vTwfawmfcsKyfodkY t,lcHwifoGif;EdkifNyD;? tjiif;yGm;rIudk
w&m;½kH;odkY wifjyEdkifum? w&m;½kH;onf ,if;tjiif;yGm;rI
udk(2)ESpftwGif; ajz&Sif;aqmif½Gufay;&ygrnf/
f nfh 12.6/ tjiif ; yG m ;rI j zpf a y:aepOf t wG i f ; aqmif ½ G u f
&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh uefYowfcsufrsm;
(tvk y f o rm;a&;&m tjiif ; yG m ;rI ajz&S i f ; a&;
Oya'? yk'fr? 38-48? 51-57)
tjiif;yGm;rIjzpfay:aepOftwGi;f ? tvky&f iS rf sm;onf-
• Oya'u owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onfh tcsdefumv
tuefYtowfwpfcktwGif; tjiif;yGm;rI qdkif&m
udp&ö yfukd aphpyfñEd§ idI ;f &rnf (aphpyf ñ§Ed idI ;f rIukd jiif;qdk
d ?J &ef vkaH vmufonfh taMumif;&if; r&Syd gu)/
• tjiif;yGm;rIwiG yf g0ifonfh tvkyo f rm;rsm;twGuf
tvkyftudkif pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk ajymif;vJjcif;
rjyK&yg/
tjiif;yGm;rIjzpfay:aepOftwGi;f ? ESpb f uftzGUJ tpnf;rsm;onf-
• tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Si;f a&;vkyif ef;pOf (aphpyfñEd§ idI ;f jcif;?
ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jzjcif; jynfe,f^wdik ;f tqifh cko H rm"dtzGUJ
jzifh pD&ifq;Hk jzwfjcif;)twdik ;f vdu k ef maqmif½u G jf cif;
rjyKb?J tvkyyf w d jf cif;(od)Yk oydwaf rSmufjcif; jyKvyk f
cGihf r&Syd g/
• tmPmwnfqJjzpfaom ckHorm"d\vuf&Sd pD&if
qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;(odkY)pkaygif;oabm wlnDcsufudk
ajymif;vJ&eftwGuf tvkyfydwfjcif;(odkY) oydwf
arSmufjcif; jyKvyk cf iG rhf &Syd g/
• oydwfrarSmufaom tvkyform;rsm;udk tvkyf
vkyfudkifjcif;rS wm;qD;cGifhr&Sd/
• oydwfarSmuf&mwGif yg0ifaqmif½Guf&ef tvkyf
orm;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk 0ifa&mufpGufzuf
aESmifh,SufcGifh r&Sdyg/
 42

• pkaygif;tjiif;yGm;rI (odkY) wpfOD;csif;tjiif;yGm;rI

twGuf ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;jzifh aqmif½u G x f m;onfh
oabmwlnrD yI g pnf;urf;csurf sm;udk azmufzsuí f
r&yg/
• tjiif;yGm;rIwGif yg0ifonfh vkyfief;Xmersm; (odkY)
pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;udk ppfaq;vdo k nfh ckH orm"dtzGUJ
(od)Yk ckt
H zGUJ 0ifrsm; ppfaq;Edik o
f nfh tcGit hf vrf;udk
jiif;y,fcGifhr&Sdyg/ (,if;onf vQdK0Sufxm;onfh
pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm; (od)Yk ypön;f OpömwdYk yg0ifyg onf)/
• ckHorm"d\oufao (odkYr[kwf w&m;0ifudk,fpm;
vS,fydkY&ef) ac:qdkjcif;cH&aomtcgwGif jiif;y,f
cGifhr&Sdyg/

þowfrSwfjy|mef;csufrsm;udk azmufzsufusL;vGefaMumif;
jypfrIxif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&aom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk 'PfaiG
csrSwfEdkifygonf/

ñ§dEIdif;zsefajzaepOf tcsdeftwGif;ESifh ckHorm"djzifh pD&if

qkH;jzwfrI jyKvkyfaepOftwGif;? rnfonfhzufurqdk tjiif;
yGm;rIudk w&m;½kH;odkY trIpGJwifEdkifygonf/

oydwaf rSmufjcif;u tvkycf eftY yfrq

I ikd &f m oabmwl pmcsKyf
udk ,m,Dqdkif;iHhrIjzpfapí? oydwfarSmufonfhumvtwGif;
tvkyf&Sifonf tvkyforsm;rsm;tm; vkyfcvpmrsm;ESifh
axmufyahH Mu;rsm; ay;aqmif&ef rvdt k yfyg/
43 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

13/ oydwaf rSmufjcif;rsm;ESihf tvkyyf w

d jf cif;rsm; tzG J U tpnf ; rsm;onf tpD t pOf c srS w f x m;onf h oyd w f
arSmuf jcif;wpf&yftwGuf oydwaf rSmufrnfah eY&uf? ae&m?
13.1/ oydwfarSmufjcif;rsm;ESifh tvkyfydwfjcif;rsm; yg0ifrnfh OD;a&? enf;vrf;ESifh tcsdefumvwdkYudkazmfjyí
(tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf; Oya'? yk'fr? 2? 44? oufqdkif&m tvkyf&SifESifh ñ§dEIdif;zsefajza&;tzGJUodkY oydwf
tvk y f o rm;a&;&m tjiif ; yG m ;rI ajz&S i f ; a& arSmufrnfh &ufrwdik rf D tenf;qk;H ok;H &uf BuKd wiftaMumif;
Oya'yk'fr? 2? 28? 40-42? 54) Mum;&rnf/ oydwfarSmufjcif; wpf&yftwGuf tvkyform;
oydwfarSmufjcif;qdkonfrSm tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform; tzGUJ csKyf cGijhf yKcsuv f t
kd yfNy;D ? tvkyo
f rm;tzGUJ csKyu
f tvkyf
tjiif;yGm;rIwpfcck w k iG f ñ§Ed idI ;f ír&onfh tajctaeü vlraI &; orm;tzGJUtpnf;wpfckck\ oydwfarSmuf&ef wifjycsufESifh
(od)Yk tvkyt f udik q
f ikd &f m udp&ö yfrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í tvkyo f rm; pyf v sOf ; í cG i f h j yKrjyKud k tvk y f o rm; tzG J U tpnf ; xH
tcsKd Uujzpfap? tm;vk;H ujzpfap qk;H jzwfí tvkyu f kd &yfqikd ;f tcsdefrDtaMumif; jyefMum;&rnf/38
jcif;? tvkyq f ufvufvyk u f ikd &f ef jiif;qefjcif;? tvkyf aESmifah ES;
ap&efjyKvyk jf cif; (od)Yk ukex f w k v f yk rf u
I kd xdcukd u f sqif;aponfh oydwaf rSmuf&mwGif yg0ifvjkd cif;r&Sb d ?J vGwv f yfpmG tvkyf
pkaygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;jzpfonf/ tvkyform;rsm;onf vk y f u d k i f v d k a omtvk y f o rm;rsm;\ tcG i f h t a&;ud k a omf
rdrw
d t Ykd ay: tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrnf[k ,kww då efpmG ,kMH unf vnf;aumif;? tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ oydwaf rSmufyikd cf iG u hf akd omf
onfh taMumif;aMumifh tvkyv f yk jf cif;udk &yfqikd ;f ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf vnfaumif; rnforl Qwm;jrpfjcif;rjyKap&/
vkyif ef;cGirf S xGucf mG oGm;ydik cf iG hf &Syd gonf/ ,if;tajctaeudk
oydwaf rSmufjcif;taejzifh rSw, f jl cif; rjyKyg/ oydwaf rSmufjcif;wpf&yfonf tvkycf eftY yfrqI ikd &f m oabm
wlpmcsKyfudk ,m,Dqdkif;iHhapNyD;? oydwfarSmufonfhumv
tvkyyf w d jf cif;qdo k nfrmS tvky&f iS ?f tvkyo f rm;tjiif;yGmrI twGi;f ? tvky½f yI u
f tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; vkycf vpmrsm;ESihf
wpfckckwGif ñ§dEIdif;ír&Edkifonfh tajctaeü tvkyf&Sifu axmufyahH Mu;rsm;ay; aqmif&efrvdt k yfyg/
vkyif ef;u@wpfcck \ k tvkyv f yk af eaomae&mudk ,m,Dyw d f
jcif;? tvkyu f akd cwå&yfqikd ;f xm;jcif;(od)Yk tvkycf iG &f dS tvkyf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; tvkyyf w d &f ef tpDtpOf csrw S x f m;aom
orm;rsm;tm; qufvuftvkyv f yk cf iG hf rjyKjcif;udk qdv
k o kd nf/ tvky&f iS rf sm;onf oufqikd &f mNrKd Ue,ft vkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;
tvky&f iS rf sm;onf Oya'ESirhf avsmn f aD om tvkyyf w d jf cif;rsm; ESihf oufqikd &f mNrKd Ue,f ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ odYk tvkyrf ydwrf D
udk qefYusifonfh tvkyform;rsm;(odkY) pnf;½kH;a&;vkyfief; (14)&uf BuKd wiftaMumif;Mum;&rnf/ tvkyyf w d &f eftwGuf
aqmifwmrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½u G o f nfh tvkyo f rm;rsm;odYk tvky&f iS \ f wifjyavQmufxm;csuw f iG f tvkypf wif ydwrf nfh
Oya'ESiahf vsmn f aD om oydwaf rSmufjcif;rsm;wGif yg0ifonfh &ufESifh tvkyfydwfrnfh umvyg0if&rnfjzpfonf/ nd§EdIif;
tvkyform;rsm;udk tvkyfrSxkwfy,fcGifhr&Sdyg/ jzefajza&;tzGJYonf tvkyfydwfcGifh jyK? rjyKudk tvkyf&SifxH
tcsdefrD taMumif;jyef&rnf/
13.2/ oyd w f a rS m uf j cif ; rsm;ES i f h tvk y f y d w f j cif ; rsm;
vkyfaqmifaepOftwGif; aqmif½Guf&rnfhwm0ef tvkyfydwfjcif;ESifh oydwfarSmufjcif;rsm;onf atmufyg
0wå&m;rsm;ESifh uefYowfcsufrsm; (tvkyform; tcsufrsm;aMumifh r[kwfygu w&m;r0ifyg
tzG J U tpnf ; Oya'? yk ' f r ? 37-43?45-47?50?
tvkyform;a&;&mtjiif;yGm;rIajz&Sif;a&;Oya'? • Oya'wG i f owf r S w f j y|mef ; xm;onf h t wd k i f ;
yk'fr? 42 ? 54) BudKwif today;aMunmjcif;rjyKygu?
epfemcsu?f ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jzjcif;ESihf cko
H rm"da&SUarSmufwiG f Mum;em • vkycf vpmrsm;? oufomacsmifcsad &;? tvkycf sed rf sm;
ppfaq;rI cH,jl cif;[laom tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Si;f a&; vkyif ef;pOf (od)Yk tjcm;aomtvkyt f udik Ef iS hf pyfvsO;f onfuh pd &ö yf
tqifh(3)qifhtwGif;wGif tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf rsm;ESihf oufqikd jf cif;r&Syd gu?
oydwfarSmufcGifh r&SdouJhodkY tvkyf&SiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf • tvkyyf w d jf cif;udk ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ u cGirhf jyK
vnf; tvkyo f rm;rsm;tay: tvkyyf w d cf iG rhf &Syd g/ cko
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tzGUJ u qk;H jzwfcsuf csrw S Nf y;D aemufroS mvQif oydwaf rSmufjcif; csKyfu cGifhrjyKygu?
(od)Yk tvkyyf wd jf cif;rsm;udk vkyaf qmifEikd yf gonf/ tvkyo f rm; • tpDtpOf (aeY&uf? ae&m? tcsdef? tcsdefumv?
yg0ifrnfhta&twGuf) twdkif;aqmif½Gufjcif;rjyK
ygu

38 Oya'wGifyg&Sdonfh þyk'frcGJi,fESifh ywfoufí tdkift,f(vf)tdk\ jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh tBuHjyKaxmufcHcsufrsm;usifh okH;a&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;

aumfrwDu **oydwfarSmufjcif;udk tvkyform;or*¾tzGJUcsKyfxHrS twnfjyKcsuf&&SdNyD;rS omvkyfaqmifEdkifaMumif;udk yk'fr 40(c)u azmfjyxm;aMumif;
aumfrwDtaejzifh tav;xm;vdkufem xdef;odrf;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;tm; tqifhjrifhtvkyform; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\
enf;Oya'rsm;ESifh atmufajctqifh tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ csdwfqufyg0ifrIudk yrmrjyKbJ? oydwfarSmuf&eftaetxm;jzpfaponfh Oya'qdkif&m
uefYowfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnD&efrvdktyfaMumif;? aumfrwDu pOf;pm;okH;oyfygonf/

13.3/ trsm;jynfolqdkif&m 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;wGif
oyd w f a rS m uf j cif ; ES i f h tvk y f y d w f j cif ; rsm;
(tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;Oya'? yk'fr 2? 37-
43)
trsm;jynfolqdkif&m 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;wGif oydwf
arSmufjcif;onf tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;0iftrsm;pk\ qE´jyK
axmufccH suv f t
kd yfNy;D ? tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;onf tvkyf
&SifESifh NrdKUe,f ñ§dEIdif;zsefajz a&;tzGJUwdkYudk oydwfarSmufrD
tenf;qkH;(7)&uf BudKwiftaMumif;Mum;&rnf/ oydwf
arSmufjcif;ESifh oufqdkifonfhtaMumif;Mum;pmwGif aeY&uf?
tcsdef? ae&m? yg0ifrnfhOD;a&ESifh enf;vrf;wdkYyg0if&rnf/
trsm;jynfolqdkif&m 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;qdkonfrSm atmuf
azmfjyygvkyif ef;ESihf 0efaqmifrrI sm;udk qdv k o kd nf/
• o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;
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jynfoq l ikd &f m0efaqmifrrI sm;wGif oydwaf rSmufjcif;rsm; jyKvyk f
aepOftwGi;f vkyif ef;cGiw f iG f jznfq
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&rnfh tvkyt f udik af e&mtrsKd ;tpm; tygt0if? 0efaqmifrI
jyK&rnfh tenf;qk;H tvkyo f rm; ta&twGuEf iS hf pyfvsO;f í?
aph p yf ñ § d E I d i f ; um? oabmwl n D c suf & ,l x m;&rnf /
0efaqmifrI ay;&rnfh tenf;qk;H &S&d rnfh ta&twGuo
trsm;jynfow l \ Ykd tajccH vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk jynfrh aD pvsu?f
oydwfarSmufonfh tvkyform;rsm;\ &ydkifcGifhudkvnf;
umuG , f r I j yKEd k i f o nf h taetxm;jzpf & rnf / tu,f í
tvkyo f rm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf tvky&f iS rf sm;onf oabm
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ta&twGufESifhpyfvsOf;í pD&ifydkifcGifh&Sdonfh w&m;½kH;u
qkH;jzwfay;rnfjzpfonf/
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44
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onf tvky&f iS t f aejzifh tvkyof rm;rsm;tay: tvkyyf w d f
jcif;udk cGifhjyK?rjyKESifh ywfoufí tvkyf&SifxH tcsdefrD
taMumif;jyefMum;&rnf jzpfygonf/
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pnf;aESmifaqmif½Gufaprnf/
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f rm;
45 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

14/ uav;vk y f o m;ES i f h vl i ,f t vk y f tvkyv f yk u

f ikd &f ef oifah vsmaf Mumif; use;f rma&;axmufccH suf
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14.1/ touf t ½G , f u ef Y o wf c suf r sm; trsKd ;tpm;rsm;udk uefo Y wfxm;&SEd ikd yf gonf/ tvkyv f yk u
f ikd &f ef
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• tvkyt f rsKd ;tpm;ESihf tpktzGUJ ESpaf tmuf tvkyof rm;rsm;onf wpfEpS v f Qif ESpyf wfvnfciG hf
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ES p f o uf r I & S d y gu tvk y f v k y f u d k i f & ef oif h a vsmf a Mumif ;
usef;rma&;axmufcHcsufvufrSwfudk xkwfay;Edkifygonf/
 46

xdcukd af ponfh tajctaersKd ;tygt0if tqd;k ½Gm;qk;H ykpH jH zifh

vkytf m;cdik ;f apjcif;rsm;wGif cdik ;f apjcif;rjyK&yg/ 0ga½G;? 0gcg?
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oli,ftvkyform;rsm;udk tvkyfwm0efay;cdkifapjcif; rjyK
vkyf&yg/

touf 18 ESpaf tmuf&dS tvkyo f rm;rsm;onf vkaH vmuf

onfh avhusifhoifMum;rIr&SdbJ (odkY) uRrf;usiftvkyform;
rsm;\ BuD;MuyfrIatmufwGif r&SdbJvsuf? ab;tEÅ&m,f
&Sdaom puf,EÅ&m;rsm;udk tokH;jyKvkyfudkifcGifhr&Sd&? xdcdkuf
'Pf&m &&Sad pEdik af vmufonfh av;vHaom t&m0wåKypön;f
rsm;udk rwifjcif;? o,faqmifjcif;(odkY) a½GU&Sm;jcif;rsm;
vkyaf qmifEikd cf iG rhf &Sad p&/

qdik rf sm;ESihf tvkyXf mersm;wGif touf 14 ESpf ESihf 16 ESpMf um;&Sd

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xuf ausmv f eG jf cif;r&Sad p& (&yfem;onft h csed rf sm; yg0ifygu?
trsm;qk;H 5 em&D txdom)[lí owfrw S jf y|mef; xm;ygonf/
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kd vkyf vkyu f ikd jf cif;
rjyK&yg/

touf 16 -17ESpft&G,f&Sd uav;oli,ftvkyform;rsm;

teuf? oufqdkif&mtoufarG;0rf; ausmif;oifwef;rsm;
oifMum;wufajrmufNyD;olrsm;? vkyfief;cGifhab;tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;ESifh usef;rma&;qdkif&m ñTefMum;csufrsm;udk od&Sd
em;vnfNyD;vdkufemolrsm;ESifh rSwfykHwifq&m0efu tvkyf
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vufrSwfxkwfay;xm;olrsm;udk ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;NyD;?
¤if;wdkY\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIESifh udk,fhusifhw&m;rsm;udk xdcdkuf
apjcif;r&Sdonfh vkyfief;rsm;wGiftvkyfvkyf udkifcGifhjyKEdkifyg
onf/ touf 18 ESpaf tmuf&dS uav;oli,ftvkyo f rm;
rsm;ud k owf r S w f j y|mef ; xm;onf h ab;tEÅ & m,f & S d a om
tvkyftudkif (odkY) ab;tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom vkyfief;cGifwGif
tvkyfcdkif;apjcif; (odkY) tvkyfvkyfudkifcGifhrjyK&yg/
47 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

15/ t"r®vkyftm;cdkif;apjcif;39 • &yfa&;½Gma&;0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;- pmoifausmif;rsm;?

tpdk;&taqmuftOD;rsm;? jynfolYyef;NcHrsm;? wyfr
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apjcif;tm; w&m;r0ifaMumif;aMunmjcif;ESifh ywfouf í tdkift,f(vf)\ tvkyform;a&;&mpHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;ESifh udkufnDrIaocsmap&ef wm0ef&Sdyg
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f nfh wdik w
f ef;rI ,EÅ&m;wpf&yfukd
csrSwfcJhygonf/ aemufqufwGJBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfaqmif½GufrIrsm;tm; tpdk;&taejzifh jrefrmEdkifiH\ 2008ckESpf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh &mZowfBuD;
wdEYk iS t
hf wl jyifqifxm;onfh &yfuu G Ef iS hf aus;½Gmtkypf t
k yk cf sKyf a&; Oya'ESihf vluek u
f ;l rIwu
kd zf suaf &;Oya'wdt
Yk & ,if;\ Oya'rlabmifukd tdik t f ,f(vf)tdk
\ pHcsdefpHñGefrsm;ESifh udkufnDrI&Sdapa&;twGuf aocsmpGmaqmif½GufapcJhygonf/
 48

15.3/ t"r® v k y f t m;cd k i f ; apjcif ; taejzif h tcsd e f y d k

tvk y f u d k t"r® c d k i f ; apjcif ;
(tvkyf½kHrsm;tufOya'? yk'fr? 59-60?64?qdkif
rsm;ESifh tvkyfXmersm;Oya'? yk'fr?11)
pkpkaygif;tvkyfcsdefonf &ufowåwpfywfvQif
44- 48 em&Djzpfygonf/ (þvrf;ñTef\ tcef;
4(1)udk Munfhyg/)
EdkifiHawmfOya' (odkY)pkaygif;oabmwlnDrIrsm;u cGifhjyKxm;
onfh uefYowfcsuf twdkif;twmtwGif; &SdaeorQumv
ywfv;Hk Oya'(od)Yk pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;jzifh owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;
onft h csed yf okd nf t"r®vyk t f m;cdik ;f apjcif;r[kwyf g/ jrefrm
Ed k i f i H w G i f qd k i f r sm;ES i f h tvk y f X mersm;ü Oya'ES i f h t nD
cGifhjyKxm;onfh tcsdefydkvkyfcsdefonf wpfywfvQif 12 em&D
jzpfygonf/ tvkyfudk qufwdkufvkyfaqmif&jcif;r&Sdonfh
puf½kHtvkyf½kHrsm;wGif tcsdefydkvkyfcsdefonf em&D 20jzpfyg
onf/ odkYjzpfí þuefYowfcsufrsm;udk ausmfvGefí t"r®
cdkif;apjcif;onf t"r®tvkyfcdkif;apcsifrjyK&ef umuG,f
xm;jcif;udk csdKazmufjcif;jzpfonf/40

xkdtjyif tkdift,f(vf)tdk\ jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh wdkufwGef;

csufrsm;tm; usifhoHk;rIqkdif&m uRrf;usifolrsm;aumfrwD
tvkyform;rsm; yHkrSeftvkyfcsdefxuf ausmfvGefcdkif;apaom
tvkyu f kd t,ltqydik ;f t& jiif;qdEk idk af omfvnf; vufawGU
tajctaewGio f wl \Ykd b0&yfwnf&ef cufcrJ u I tenf;qH;k
vkycf aiGu&kd &S&d ef odrYk [kwf tvkyw f nfNr&J ef odrYk [kwf 2&yf
pvHk;twGuf a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh r&Sdapjcif;aMumifh (tcsdefydk
tvkyfudk) rvGJra&Smifom vkyfudkifaeMu&onf[k qdkyg
onf/ xdkudpö&yfrsdK;wGif tvkyform;\ tm;enf;rItae
txm;udk tjrwfxw k u f mvkyt
f m;&,ljcif;jzpfNy;D Ncrd ;f ajcmuf
rI taejzifh tjypfay;jcif;? tvkyjf zKwjf cif; odrYk [kwf tenf;
qHk;vkyfc atmufay;jcif; wdkYudktoHk;jyKojzifh ,if;tvkyf
orm;rsm;twGuf umuG,af pmifah &SmufraI y;&ef vdv k monf/41

4 0 t"r®vyk t
f m;cdik ;f apjcif; qdik &f mjy|mef;csu?f 1930 ckEpS ?f trSw-f 29 ESihf t"r®vyk t
f m;cdik ;f apjcif; yaysmufa&; qdik &f m jy|mef;csu?f 1957ckEpS ?f trSw-f 105?
2007 ckEpS ?f tyd'k f - 132/
4 1 Ibid.
49 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

16/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tvkyfvkyfudkifvsuf&Sd

onfh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;
16.1/ a,bk,s pnf;rsOf;rsm; 16.3/ EdkifiHjcm;om; tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh
rltm;jzifh oHt&m&Srd sm;? aumifppf0efrsm;ESihf ukvor*¾0efxrf; uef Y o wf c suf r sm;
rsm;tygt0if? txl;jy|mef;xm;onfh Oya'rsm;ESihf oufqikd f (Ed k i f i H j cm;&if ; ES D ; jr§ K yf E S H r I O ya'? yk ' f r ? 24)
onfh tvkyform;rsm;rSty? EdkifiHjcm;tvkyform;rsm;\ Edik if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS OI ya'ESihf tusK;H 0ifonfh vkyif ef;rsm;wGif
tvkyftudkifrsm;ESifh tvkyftudkifqdkif&mpnf;urf;csufrsm; vkyif ef;pwifvnfywfonfh yxr 2 ESpf twGi;f wGif Edik if o H m;
onf jrefrmEdkifiH\ taxGaxGtvkyform; Oya'tvkyf uRrf;usifvkyfom;rsm;? enf;ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh 0efxrf;tvkyf
cefYtyfrI qdkif&my#dnmOf0if tvkyform;tm; jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd orm;aygif; tenf;qk;H 25 &mcdik Ef eI ;f yg&S&d rnfjzpfygonf/
vufcGJ ukrÜPDi,fodkY ydkYaqmifwm0efxrf;aqmifrI? tjcm; 2ESpf ESihf 4ESpf twGi;f wGif Edik if o H m;0efxrf; ta&twGuo f nf
enf;jzifh pnf;urf;owfrw S cf surf sm;r&Syd gu? ,if; tvkyo f rm; tenf;qk;H 50%txd wd;k jri§ Ehf ikd Nf y?D 4 ESpEf iS hf 6ESpt f wGi;f wgif
tay: rl&if;Edik if \ H y#dnmOf Oya' upnf;aESmif;rIjyKygonf/ tenf;qkH; 75%txdwdk;jrifh&rnfjzpfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH
odyYk gí Edik if jH cm;om;tvky&f iS Ef iS hf tvkyo f rm;wdtYk m; ,if;wdYk &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS aI umfr&Sio f nf todynmudk tajccHonfh tvkyf
\ rdcifEikd if \ H Oya'rsm;udk avhvmrSwo f m;Mu&ef wdu k wf eG ;f twGuf tcsed u f mvtydik ;f jcm;udk wd;k jrifEh ikd yf gonf/
tyfygonf/ þvrf;ñGepf mtkyu f kd ykEH ydS x
f w k af 0onfh tcsed w
f iG f
Ed k i f i H j cm;om;tvk y f o rm;Oya'onf rl M urf ; tqif h w G i f uRrf ; usif r I pG r f ; &nf & S d a om jref r mEd k i f i H o m;
&Sad eNyjD zpfum? ,if;Oya'wGif Edik if jH cm;om;tvkyo f rm;rsm;\ tvkyform;rsm;udk EdkifiHjcm;om; uRrf;usifvkyfom;rsm;
tvkyftudkifcefYtyfjcif;ESifh tvkyftudkifqdkif&m pnf;urf; enf;wl vkyfcvpm ay;&rnf/
owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í &nfñGef;azmfjycsuftcsdKU
yg&SdEdkifavmufayonf/ 16.4/ tmqD,H pD;yGm;a&;todkuft0ef;
2015 ckESpfwGif? ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;\ a'owGif
16.2/ EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;rsm;twGuf tvkyfvkyf pD;yGm;a&;aygif;pnf;rIeuf½idI ;f apa&;udk arQmrf eS ;f vsuf tmqD,H
cG i f h y grpf pD;yGm;a&;todkuft0ef; (ASEAN EC)43udk wnfaxmifcJh
(Ed k i f i H j cm;&if ; ES D ; jr§ K yf E S H r I O ya'? yk ' f r ? 24-25? ygonf/ tmqD,pH ;D yGm;a&; todu k t f 0ef;onf tjyeftvSef
EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIenf;Oya'? yk'fr? 87 - todtrSwjf yKa&; pDpOfaqmif½u G rf rI sm;(MRAS)44udk csKyfqdk
88) vsuf? uRrf;usifvkyfom;rsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
Ekid if jH cm;&if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS OI ya'ESihf tusKH ;0ifonfh vkyif ef;rsm;rS ul;vl;qufqH &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHa&;udkv,ful tqifajyacsmarGU
EkdifiHjcm;om; tvkyform;rsm;onf tvkyfvkyfcGifh ygrpf42 apygonf/
twGuf EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI aumfr&Sif;\ axmufcHcsuf
jzifh tvkyform;? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh jynfoltiftm; tjyeftvSeftodtrSwfjyKa&; pDpOfaqmif½GufrIrsm;onf
0efBuD;XmeodkY avQmufxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef twwfynmqdkif&mvkyfief; 8 rsdK;jzpfaom q&m0efrsm;?
rsm;wGif tvkyfvkyfudkifaeonfh EkdifiHjcm;om; tvkyform; oGm;q&mrsm;? olemjyKrsm;? tif*sief , D mrsm;? Adou k mynm&Sif
rsm;twGuf ygrpfrsm;udk txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya' owfrw S f rsm;? pm&if;udik rf sm;? okawoejyKorl sm;ESihf c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;
jy|mef;onfhtwdkif; vkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfygonf/ aemuf rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ t&nftcsif;rsm;udk tjyeftvSef tod
tcef;wGifMunfhyg/ trSwjf yKjcif;tm;jzifh tjcm;aomtmqD,t H zGUJ 0if Edik if rH sm;wGif
a&;pDpOfaqmif½GufrIrsm;onf oufqdkif&m tdrf&SifEdkifiH\47
Oya'rsm;tay: vTrf;rdk;jcif;r&Sd&[lonfudk rSwfom;xm;
&rnfjzpfygonf/ odkYjzpfí þtwwfynmqdkif&mvkyfief;
8rsKd ;taejzifh tvkyv f yk cf iG yhf grpf&&Sad &;ESihf ¤if;wd\ Yk tvkyf
tudik q f ikd &f m pnf;urf;owfrw S cf surf sm;onf jrefrmEdik if \ H
tvkyo f rm;Oya'rsm;\ owfrw S t f wdik ;f jzpf&ygrnf/

42 EdkifiHjcm;tvkyform;Oya't& (EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIenf;Oya'? yk'fr-87)/ odkY&mwGif? 2016 ckESpf? ZGefvrSpwifí? xdkuJhodkYaom Oya'r&Sdao;yJ?

tvkyfvkyfcGifh ygrpfpepfonfvnf; ouf0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;r&Sdao;yg/
43 ta&SUawmiftm&S Edik if rH sm;toif;(tmqD,)H wGif Edik if aH ygif; 10 Edik if yH g0ifNy;D ? ,if;Edik if rH sm;rSm- b½lEikd ;f ? uarÇm'D,m;? tif'ekd ;D &Sm? vmtd?k rav;&Sm;?jrefrm?
puFmyl? zdvpfyikd ?f xdik ;f ESiAhf ,
D uferfEikd if H wdjYk zpfMuygonf/
4 4 tjyeftvSeftodtrSwfjyKa&; pDpOfaqmif½GufrIrsm;onf oufqdkif&mae&if;EdkifiHrsm;\ tmPmydkifrsm;u todtrSwfjyKxm;onfh 0efaqmifrIjznfhqnf;yHh
ydk;ay;olrsm;\ t&nftaoG;rsm;udk tjyeftvSeftodtrSwfjyKa&; pDpOfaqmif½GufrIrsm;tay: oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;onfh tjcm;aomtmqD,H
tzGJU0ifEdkifiHrsm;\ tjyeftvSef todtrSwfjyKrIudk &&Sdapygonf/
 50

17/ txl ; pD ; yG m ;a&;Zk e f r sm; 17.3/ tenf ; qk H ; tcaMu;aiG

(txl ; pD ; yG m ;a&;Zk e f O ya'? yk ' f r ?70)
þvrf;ñTepf mtky&f dS a&SUtcef;rsm;wGif jrifawGUcJo h nfth wdik ;f txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef pDrcH efcY rJG aI umfrwDonf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;
txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkerf sm;&Sd tvky&f iS rf sm;ESihf tvkyo f rm;rsm;tm; (ukeMf urf;ypön;f vkyif ef;pOftqifq h ifrh sm;? ukeyf pön;f odak vSmif
taxG a xG t vk y f o rm;Oya'rsm;atmuf w G i f wl n D p G m &ef*dka'gifrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;rI? oGif;ukef/ xkwfukefvkyfief;
owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif? txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef rsm;ponfwdkY)\ oabmobm0t&? tvkyform;rsm;ESifh
Oya'wGif owfrSwfjy|mef; xm;onfhtwdkif; tcsdKUaom 0efxrf;rsm;\tenf;qk;H tcaMu;aiGrsm;udk qkjH zwfowfrw S f
>cif;csurf sm;udk usio
hf ;Hk Edik yf gonf/ xd>k cif;csurf sm;udk þtcef; ay;Edik Nf y;D ? ,if;aumfrwDtqdjk yKcsurf sm;udk Edik if aH wmf tqifh
wGif tao;pdwaf zmfjyxm;ygonf/ aumfrwDodkY wifjy&rnf/ ¤if;aemuf? EdkifiHawmftqifh
aumfrwDonf txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zket f wGi;f &Sd tqdyk gvkyif ef; (od)Yk
17.1/ pD r H c ef Y c G J r I a umf r wD vkyif ef;XmetwGuf tqdjk yKxm;onfh tenf;qk;H tcaMu;aiG
(txl ; pD ; yG m ;a&;Zk e f O ya'? yk ' f r ?70) ESiyhf wfoufí? twnfjyKjcif;(od)Yk twnfrjyKjcif;udk aqmif
txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkew f ikd ;f wGif pDrcH efcY rJG aI umfrwDrsm;udk zGUJ pnf; ½GufEdkifygonf/
wnfaxmif&rnfjzpfNyD;? tvkyform;a&;&mudpö&yfrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í? ,if;aumfrwDrsm;wGif atmufazmfjyyg tcef; 17.4/ uRrf ; usif r I q d k i f & moif w ef ;
u@rsm;ESihf wm0efwwå&m;rsm;&Syd gonf/ (txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'? yk'fr? 73)
• tvkyfcefYtyfrIqdkif&m oabmwlnDcsufrsm;tm; &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf o
HS o l nf Edik if o
H m;tvkyo f rm;rsm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;
pmcsKycf sKyq f &kd mwGif Bu;D Muyfjcif; tm; ¤if;wdv Yk yk u
f ikd v
f su&f o
dS nfh tvkyt
f udik f trsKd ;tpm;ESihf
• tvkyforsm;taejzifh wnfqJtvkyform;Oya' tH0if*Gifusjzpfrnfh uRrf;usifrIzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;qdkif&m
rsm;wGifyg&Sdonfh tusdK;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk &&SdcHpm; vdt
k yfaom oifwef;rsm; jznfq h nf; aqmif½u G af y;&rnf/
Edik af p&eftwGuf tvkycf eft Y yfrqI ikd &f m oabmwl
pmcsKyfrsm;wGifyg&Sdonfh tvkyf&Sifrsm;ESifh tvkyf 17.5/ tjiif ; yG m ;rI a jz&S i f ; a&;
orm;rsm;\ tcGiahf &;ESiw hf m0ef0wå&m;rsm? tvkyf (txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'? yk'fr? 76)
tudik t f ajctaeESihf pnf;urf;csurf sm;ESihf ywfouf
í qk;H jzwfowfrw S &f mwGif ñ§Ed idI ;f aqmif½u G jf cif; txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef pDrcH efcY rJG aI umfrwDrsm;onf tvky&f iS Ef iS hf
• tvkyo f rm;rsm;? twwfynm&Sirf sm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm; tvkyo f rm;rsm;? twwfynm&Sirf sm;(od)Yk 0efxrf;rsm;tMum;
\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk xdef;odrf;Edkifa&;twGuf wGif ay:aygufvmonfh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;wGif aphpyf ñ§Ed idI ;f jcif;
ppfaq;jcif;ESihf Bu;D Muyfaqmif½u G jf cif; ESihf aphpyfjzefajzjcif;wdu Yk kd aqmif½u
G &f rnf/ ajyvnfrrI &Syd gu?
• tenf;qk;H tcaMu;aiGukd qk;H jzwfowfrw S jf cif; ñ§Ed idI ;f zseaf jza&;tzGUJ rsm;(od)k cko
H rm"dtzGUJ rsm;u tvkyo
f rm;
• a,bk,s tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Si;f a&; vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm; Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;rnf
\ yxrtqift h aejzifh tvkyo f rm;a&;&m tjiif; jzpfonf/
yGm;rIrsm;udk aphpyfñEd§ idI ;f jcif;ESihf aphpyfjzefajzjcif;rsm;
aqmif½u G jf cif; 17.6/ EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;rsm;twGuf tvkyfvkyf
cG i f h y grpf
17.2/ tvk y f c ef Y t yf r I q d k i f & m oabmwl p mcsKyf r sm; (txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'? yk'fr? 77)
(txl ; pD ; yG m ;a&;Zk e f O ya'? yk ' f r ?70) txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefrsm;wGif tvkyfvkyfcGifhygrpfrsm;udk txl;
&if;ES;D jrK§ yEf oHS u
l wnfqt J vkyo f rm;Oya'rsm;? enf;Oya'rsm; pD;yGm;a&;ZkHrsm;wGif&Sdonfh wpfae&mwnf;wGif tNyD;owf
ESit
hf nD tjyeftvSecf sKyq f x
kd m;onfh tvkycf eft Y yfrq I ikd &f m 0ef a qmif r I a y;onf h X mejzpf a om tvk y f o rm;OD ; pD ; Xme
oabmwlpmcsKyrf sm;udk tvkyv f yk u
f ikd v
f su&f odS nfh Edik if o
H m; udk,fpm;vS,f½kH;u xkwfay;ygonf/
uRr;f usit f vkyo f rm;rsm;? twufynm&Sirf sm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;
xHay;yd&Yk rnf/
51 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I

17.7/ EdkifiHjcm;om;tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh

uef Y o wf c suf r sm;
(txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'? yk'fr? 75)
vkyif ef;pwifvnfywfonfh yxr 2ESpt f wGi;f wGif Edik if o
H m;
uRr;f usiv f yk of m;rsm;? twufynm&Sirf sm;ESihf 0efxrf;tvkyf
orm;aygif; tenf;qkH; 25 &mcdkifEIef;txd wdkY;jr§ifh&rnf
jzpfygonf/ 2 ESpfESifh 4 ESpftwGif;wGif EdkifiHom;0efxrf;
ta&twGuo f nf tenf;qk;H 50 &mcdik Ef eI ;f txd wdjYk ri§ Nhf y;D 4
ESpEf iS hf 6 ESpt f wGi;f wGif tenf;qk;H 75 &mcdik Ef eI ;f txd wd;k jri§ hf
&rnfjzpfygonf odkY&mwGif tvkyf&Sifrsm;onf enf;ynm
qdik &f mESihf tkycf sKypf rHa&;ydik ;f ESihf ywfoufí ? txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkH
pDrcH efcY aJG &;aumfrwD\ twnfjyKaxmufccH sujf zifh Edik if jH cm;
om;tvkyo f rm; ta&twGu&f mcdik Ef eI ;f udk ydrk ikd mS ;&rf;ceftY yf
xm;&SEd ikd yf gonf/ uRr;f usirf yI nm&yfyikd ;f rvdt k yfonfh tvkyf
ae&mrsm;twGufrl? EdkifiHom;rsm;udkom cefYtyfvkyfudkifap
&rnf/

17.8/ ppf a q;a&;

(txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkef Oya'? yk'fr? 70)
tvkyo f rmrsm;? twwfynm&Sirf sm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;\tcGihf
ta&;rsm;udk xde;f odr;f umuG,xf m;Edik af &;twGuf pDrcH efcY rJG I
aumfrwDrsm;onf ppfaq;jcif;ESihf Bu;D Muyfaqmif½u G jf cif;rsm;
vkyfaqmif&efvdktyfaMumif; txl;pD;yGm;a&;ZkefOya'wGif
owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif? þonfrSm tpdk;&
tvkyform;a&;&mppfaq;a&;udk tpm;xdk;jcif;[kqdkvdkjcif;
r[kwfbJ? txl;pD;yGm;a&;Zkefrsm;wGif tvkyform;a&;&m
ppfaq;jcif;rsm;udk tvkyo f rm;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD aqmif½u G f
&rnf/
 52

aemufqufwGJ
þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfwGif &nfñTef;azmfjyxm;onfh tvkyform;Oya'jy|mef;csuftrsm;pkonf tvkyform;tm;vkH;(odkY) tvkyf
orm;trsm;pkESifh tusKH;0ifygonf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'wpf&yfESifh tusKH;0ifonfh (odkYr[kwf) tusKHr0ifonhf) oD;jcm;tvkyf
trsdK;tpm;rsm;(odkY) tvkyf&Sifrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifhywfoufí? atmufygZ,m;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

4 5 owfrw
S Of ;D a&udk wdwu
d sus razmfjyEdik yf g/
53 jrefrmhtvkyo
f rm;Oya'tay: ILO \ vrf;ñTerf I
54
56
ILO Liaison Office in Myanmar
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Tel: +95-1-233-6538, 2336539, 579956, 578925
Website: http://ilo.org/yangon/lang--en/index.htm