MAGNESIUM - Mg+

Hypomagnesemia & Hypermagnesemia

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 MAGNESIUM

● NORMAL RANGE:

○ 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL

● MAIN FUNCTIONS:

○ 60% STORED in bones & cartilage

○ Skeletal muscle contraction

○ Carbohydrate metabolism

○ Activation of vitamins

○ ATP formation, cellular growth

○ DIRECT relationship with Ca++

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 HYPOMAGNESEMIA - CAUSES

Less than 1.6 mg/dL

ETOH Abuse

Renal Failure

Malnutrition / Malabsorption

Hypoparathyroidism

Diarrhea

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 HYPOMAGNESEMIA - SYMPTOMS

● Neuromuscular → numbness/tingling, tetany, seizures, ↑ DTR’s

● CNS → psychosis, confusion

● GI → ↓ motility, constipation, anorexia

● EKG → prolonged QT

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 HYPOMAGNESEMIA - TREATMENT

Replace Mg (IV - slow, PO)

Treat Underlying Cause

D/C Meds that ↓ Mg

Monitor EKG & DTR’s

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 HYPERMAGNESEMIA - CAUSES

Greater than 2.6 mg/dL

Excess Intake

Overcorrection

Acute Renal Failure

**Fairly Uncommon

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 HYPERMAGNESEMIA - SYMPTOMS

● CV → severe ↓ HR → cardiac arrest, vasodilation, ↓ BP

● EKG → prolonged PR, Wide QRS

● CNS → drowsy, lethargic, coma

● Neuromuscular → slow/weak muscle contraction, ↓ DTR’s

○ Watch Resp Muscles!!

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 HYPERMAGNESEMIA - TREATMENT

Treat Cause

D/C Mg-Containing Drugs or IV Fluids

Loop Diuretics

Calcium Gluconate to Protect Heart

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 KEY POINTS

01 Normal Value 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL

02 Main Functions Metabolism, muscle contraction. Direct r/t Ca++

03 Hypomagnesemia ETOH, Malnut, ARF -- tingling, AMS, constip -- Replace Mg/Stop Loss

04 Hypermagnesemia Intake / Overcorrection -- Cardiac Arrest, Coma -- D/C drugs, Diuretics

05 Top Priorities Treat the cause, Protect the Heart, Treat BEFORE Hypokalemia

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 HAPPY
NURSING!!

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