Sustainability

Community-based

Participatory

Asset-based

Self-reliance

Overall

Presentation analysis and interpretation of data

This chapter discusses the analysis and findings of data gathered from the 24 questionnaires
given to the davao city Counselors that seeks their perception as to the community economic
development and the data of the amount of investment from the city tourism office of davao city with
aim of identifying the significance of effect of community based tourism investments in the community
economic development.

Community Economic Development

Table 1.1 shows the indicators which forms part of the perceived community economic
development of davao city counselors in the specific communities where there are evident operation of
community based tourism in Davao City.

Delving deeper into the figures, the davao city counselors believe that the contribution of
community based tourism in the sustainability of the community economic development is very high
(4.60) specifically in dessiminating awareness about the community’s culture and maintenance of
cultural beliefs and practices (4.71) as community-based tourism’s usual generation of economic
benefits is through the offering of local products and services such as lifestyles, natural resources and
cultures (Sita and Nor, 2015). The community based tourism in davao city is built considering the
cultures of indigenous people as the main attraction, as result they have focused on presenting the
lifestyle which serves also as a dessimination of awareness that their culture has been continuously
sustaining all throughout the years.

The community economic development as the result of community based tourism with regard
to its being community-based also shows affirmation (4.33) as perceived by the counselors, although not
as much as sustainability. This affirmation is specially because community based tourism’s development
and management control is given to the local residents and the benefit remains in the community’s
hands. However, development of diverse new skills and self confidence among the members was not
given so much emphasis as shown in the table.

In terms of participatory the community members positively assist each other in planning and
managing community-based tourism and that they acquire their equitable share of the benefits (4.29
and 4.29 respectively).However, there is a need for improvement as to decision making on strategies on
community-based tourism which is based upon the culture, heritage and vision (3.96), which causes it
being the lowest among the measurement of community economic development derived from CBT.

Community economic development as to asset based has the second most favorable perceived
effect (4.38) next to sustainability which means that community did well as to income generation from
the community-based and sustainable usage of natural resources (4.42). There is evident development
in the infrastructures and projects (4.38) in fact Sir William Banzali of the city tourism office proudly
presented the newly constructed roads in the community. The CBT also enabled the talents and
capabilities of the local residents to be highlighted (4.33) because the CBT’s in davao city mainly is about
culture of indigenous people it purports also to the presentation of their talents and capabilities
uniqueness as bein part of an indigenous tribe.

Although there is also evident development, the economic development of the community
when it comes to self-reliance however needs more improvement (4.21). These specifically pertains to
the management and benefit generation (4.12), government of their resources (4.25), and equipment of
the locals to self-reliance in their way of life (4.25). The results had corresponded to the fact that the
local government was the one who initiated the community-based tourism projects being them having
more knowledge and skills in management and decision making. The local government has to conduct
training to the local residents and therefore processing them to become more self reliant which they are
not so much in the first place being new to this kind of endeavour. As supported by the study of Sebele
(2010) the local resident can only actively participate with the support of government, private sector
and NGO’s through the transmission of skills and knowledge.

………….
Sita, S. E. D., & Nor, N. A. M. (2015). Degree of Contact and Local Perceptions of Tourism Impacts: A
Case Study of Homestay Programme in Sarawak. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 903-
910.

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as a first step towards community

participation and power redistribution, the TFCI should begin by informing the

residents of their own island about the project.

Many researchers, however, have doubted the possibility of implementing community participation.
Taylor (1995) criticises ‘communitarianism’ as romanticism that is not rooted in reality. In addition, a
participatory approach is time-consuming. Other barriers (i.e. lack of education, business inexperience,
0966-9582/08/05 511-19 $20.00/0 C 2008 Taylor & Francis JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Vol. 16,
No. 5, 2008 511 512 Journal of Sustainable Tourism insufficient financial assistance and conflicting
vested interests) also have to be overcome (Addison, 1996) before public involvement can be embraced.
Thus, such an approach is often ineffective because of its high transaction costs not only in terms of
getting the programme started but also in its maintenance (Getz & Jamal, 1994).
When people work in cooperation or competition, conflict is expressed in various forms, such as
frustration, debate and discussion. Particularly when in competition, people have incompatible goals or
engage in duplicate missions, where only one can win.
Okazaki, E. (2008). A community-based tourism model: Its conception and use. Journal of sustainable
tourism, 16(5), 511-529.

………….

The Third World tourism industry has grown rapidly, but has also encountered many problems
common to other outward-oriented development strategies, including: excessive foreign
dependency, the creation of separate enclaves, the reinforcement of socioeconomic and spatial
inequalities, environmental destruction, and rising cultural alienation. To avoid such problems,
institutional mechanisms need to be created to encourage active state and community
participation in tourism planning. Appropriateness of tourism strategies ought to be measured
according to the changing conditions and interests of each host community; and tourism-led
development should always conform to the long-term interests of the popular majority instead of
the short-term goals of an elite minority.
Brohman, J. (1996). New directions in tourism for third world development. Annals of tourism
research, 23(1), 48-70.

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The lack of certain skills needed in tourism industry also hampers the progress of projects and therefore
community needs to acquire managerial entrepreneurial and marketing skills to ensure that they break
through into the market and in the process gain a bigger share of benefits from the tourism industry.
Community-based ventures cannot succeed if locals do not acquire these skills as they are essential for
the running of any successful business/enterprise

Cbnrm calls for the involvement of local communities in desicion making processes, on issues affecting
their livelihoods . (results from these study indicate that locals are rarely involved in desicion making
processes) this paper therefore supports the view that communities should be allowed to become active
participants and decision makers, to allow for more benefits to accrue to te society. The researcher
maintains that the local can only becoe active participant if they have support from the government,
private sector, and ngo’s to enable the transfer of skills and knowledge .

Sebele, L. S. (2010). Community-based tourism ventures, benefits and challenges: Khama rhino
sanctuary trust, central district, Botswana. Tourism management, 31(1), 136-146.

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Community-based Tourism Investment – refers to the investment being poured in the

community for the purpose of establishing a community-based tourism.

Community Economic Development – it is the improvement in living conditions, the

quality of life and well being of local settlers in the community as caused by the

investment poured by the government in community-based tourism venture.

Sustainability – a measurement of community economic development that refers to the

environmental, social, cultural, financial continuity and community well-being.

Community-based – a measurement of community economic development that is

focused on community-wide planning process that is focused on the common interests

of the broader community as well as the individual participants.

Participatory – a measurement of community economic development that refers to the

active involvement of the members of the community.

Asset-based – a measurement of local community resources and assets as well as

meeting needs.

Self-reliance – a measurement of independence of the community economically.