Por 3 Warm - up Activities Look at the pictures and the title. Can you predict what the texts about? Think of a8 many words as possible related to the theme *tweling™. © Would you consider living under the ground? What would be the advantages/ disadvantages of this? © Where do you think cities of the future wil be built? EECA First read the following 142 summary, then listen to the text of Part 3 and fill in the missing information. Living underground could be the answer to today’s 1) «.... problems. Houses underground are less expen- sive to 2).. A study by Bath University found that underground houses saved 3) of heating costs. However, Christianity associates underground places with 4) Workers in an underground factory experienced anxiety, 5) and hostility. Scientists in the Shimizu Corporation developed systems that mix light, 6) ......, breezes and 7) from outside. Many buildings, where windows are unnecessary, such as cinemas, 8)........ and ware- houses could be submerged. This WOUIK SAVE 9) wn. and make cities far more 10) Reading Task: Parr 7 You are going to read an article about a different approach to building. Eight para- graphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-I the one which fits each gap (14-20). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0) Going Underground The idea of living underground is not the sort of thing that would appeal to most people these days. But it could be the answer to many of today’s overpo- Pulation problems Ba J Houses underground are less noisy, less expensive to heat and far less destructive to our fragile environment. Al that marks the position of an under- ground house is a door in the grass. ‘You'd hardly know it was there. CC “Some people think we're mad,” says Rodney Jones, “but we wanted some- thing more original than a three bed- roomed box. We liked the idea that the building would not disturb the country- side or the wildlife, and that our fuel bills, ‘would be low.” Itis certainly true that bills are lower in underground dwellings: a study carried ut by Bath University found that under- ground houses saved 75% of the heating costs of an equivalent dwelling above ground. It raises an interesting question: with statistics like that, why don't more people live underground? 5 — Christianity in particular has always ‘equated the subterranean with evil Even in today’s society, the word “underground' is applied to the criminal and socially unacceptable, This can lead to other problems. A study of people working in an under- ground factory in Minnesota showed that they experienced higher levels of anxiety, depression and hostiity com- pared to those in above-ground settings. What can be done about this? The Japanese have some solutions in mind for their planned “Geotropolis" project. 7 Giant caverns will be excavated in the mud-stone rock 50 metres below the surface and linked by high speed rail- ways to create a supercity 100 kilome- tres across. In addition, scientists at Japan's Shimizu Corporation have developed “space creation systems” for the city, that mix light, sounds, breezes and aro- mas from the outside world. Zz Places where windows are unne- cessary, like cinemas, supermarkets and warehouses could all be sub- merged. It would save space, and make cities far more attractive. Za —] Regulations will also have to be imposed, forcing developers to cons- der long-term environmental impact, rather than short-term financial. gain. But as the population expands, there may soon be nowhere else to go but down!‘1a __ The Geotropolis project obviously involves extremely high technology. But on a less advanced level, there "are hundreds of buildings in our society today that do not need to be above ground, PAA Geotropolis will be an underground extension to Tokyo. Work on itis due to start within the next ten years, With land prices rising and the planet becoming more crowded, underground accommodation could provide the perfect solution. It has advantages over living above ground too. The idea of living underground is old fashioned and unpopular. Underground houses are permanently damp ‘and cold, and there is no way of lighting them. ‘Such houses are still rare, but they are becoming more popular. In the Devon countryside in Britain, Rodney ~ Jones and his partner, artist Shannon Ridd, are converting a subterranean water tank into their dream home. fo combat the problems of depression associated with living underground, rotating prisms in skylights will follow the sun above Geotropolis and reflect light down a huge shaft onto underground gardens, giving people the illusion that they are above ground. Hf underground building is going to catch on, it will require a change in culture. Architects, notorious G shi ‘will have to learn to hide their buildings instead of parading them! There are practical reasons as well. People are used to having reference points in everyday life, such as the H__ Sun, ground, sky and horizon. In an underground space, the lack of these things can make people feel dizzy and disorientated. The reasons for this can be put down to traditional associations. For centuries, underground structures ke catacombs and dungeons have been places of enslavement, incarceration and burial. 143144 Pont 3 Vocabulary Exercises ©© 4 Look at the following words in bold in the text and try to explain them: appeal to, overpopulation, fragile, marks, subterranean, experienced, depression, mud-stone, submerged, forcing, short-term Fill in the correct word from the list below: hostility, rotating, incarceration, shaft, equate, dizzy, combat, cavern, excavate, imposed 11 Many people believe that a ban on smoking should be .» in public places. (enforced) 2. Jack moved house because of his neighbours’... they were always damaging his property. (total untriendliness) 3 You can't happiness with material wealth, (consider to be the same) 4. Sarah had a special security system installed to burglars. (fight) 5. The hostage was remarkably unaffected by his in a terrorist camp. (imprisonment) 6 As he was walking in the country, he fell down a dis- used mine soumnnn » (Vertical passage) 7 When the explorer reached the ......, he was amazed to see such a large underground lake. (huge cave) ‘8 My brother has gone to Egypt to help .. recently discovered burial site. (dig out) 9 The noise of the helicopter blades was deafening. (going round and round) 10 The children felt after riding on the roundabout. (off balance) a ‘©© & Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the word(s) only once. a study, fragile, low, long-term, to disturb, above, ‘to mark, expands, to raise, high speed, financial, regulations 1 railways | 7 the population «nnn 2 «the countryside | 8... impact 3 gain | 9 .. ground 4 fuel bills | 10 to be imposed 5 a question | 11 .. carried out by 6 . environment | 12 the position © 4 Fill in the correct word from the lists below: ‘a. premises, owners, tenant, landlord, flat, lodgers ‘There are two main alternatives to owning one’s own home, the most popular of which is to rent a house or 1) In this case the 2) . , usually pays a monthly rent to the 3) who, if the building is a block of fats, often lives on the 4)... - Alternatively, some 5) ‘of houses choose to take in 6) . to cut household costs. b. refuge, inhabitants, barracks While the troops were stationed abroad during the war, the soldiers stayed in 1) Otten, 2) of the area would come to seek 3) because their houses had been bombed and they had nowhere to live. ¢. reside, dwellers, shelter, housing An was opened yesterday for the pavement 2) -- Of the city of Sao Paolo in Brazil, who will be free there UNE 4) sn i$ found for them, 03) ‘© & Choose the correct item. 1. Police had told everyone not to... in case evidence was destroyed anything A annoy B disturo. — bother _D confuse 2. Because of the smog, authorities 1 & total ban on all cars entering the city centre. A imposed B forced Cet —_D assigned 3 sw have risen sharply since last year because Of the high rate of inflation. ATags B Charges Prices D Amounts 4 That stretch of road is a(n)... accident black spot. A obvious _B scandalous C famous D notorious 5. The smell of that perfume has always had strong svnnnnnne fOF Me; it reminds me of my mum. Allinks —B associations C unions connections 6 The exploration of space has led to the development of extFEMELY sevens technology. A promoted B advanced super _ outstanding 7 The magician was a master of .. and could fool any audience. Allusion B hallucination G delusion D miracle