Chapter (2)

NORMIAL GROUP

In this chapter we will present some of the preliminary resultsGof group theory

which is necessary for the derivation of our theoretical results. Throughout in this

this chapter G represent Group until unless specified.

Some of the fundamental properties and fundamental results which is given below

Definition: A Group G is termed as normal if

If gH =Hg ∀ g∈ 𝐺

Remark:

1. If G is an abelian group then every subgroup of G is normal.

2. If index of H of G is 2 then Hjisjajnormaljsubgroup.

Theorem: A subgroup of Gjisjnormal injG iff g-1hg∈ 𝐻 ∀𝑔 ∈ j𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ ∈ j𝐻.

Proof.

Let Hj ≤ 𝐺j

 gH=Hg ∀j𝑔 ∈ 𝐺j

 jgHg-1j=Hgg-1

 jgHg-1=jH

 jghg-1∈gHg-1= 𝐻 ∀𝑔, 𝑔 ∈ j𝐻, ℎ ∈ 𝐻

 ghg-1∈ j𝐻

Conversely.