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Abses THT 3 PDF
Abses THT 3 PDF
Cases
A
Competing interests: None 24-year-old woman presented to the
declared. emergency department with a three-day
This article has been peer history of worsening sore throat, pain
reviewed. with swallowing and fever. She had been seen by
Correspondence to: her primary care physician one day before pre-
Dr. Jih-Chin Lee, sentation because of sore throat and fever, and
doc30450@gmail.com had been given oral amoxicillin. She was previ-
CMAJ 2011. DOI:10.1503 ously well with no history of recurrent tonsillitis,
/cmaj.100066 previous peritonsillar abscess or drug allergies.
On physical examination, her temperature
was 39.8°C, pulse rate was 90 beats/min, res-
piratory rate was 24 breaths/min and blood
pressure was 110/70 mm Hg. She spoke with a
muffled voice without substantial stridor or res-
piratory distress. Examination of the oral cavity
and oropharynx showed moderate trismus, pool- Figure 1: Oral cavity and oropharynx of a 24-year-
old woman with worsening sore throat, odynopha-
ing of saliva, symmetrically enlarged and in- gia and fever, showing pooling of saliva and a
flamed tonsils, and a bilaterally congested and bilaterally congested and swollen soft palate
bulging soft palate with a midline uvula (Figure (arrows) with a midline uvula (asterisk).
1). There was also bilateral, tender submandibu-
lar lymphadenopathy. The remainder of the (CT) of the neck showed bilateral hypodense
physical examination was unremarkable. masses with thick rim enhancement in the supe-
A complete blood count showed a leukocyte rior poles of the peritonsillar regions measuring
count of 17.6 (normal 4.5–11.0) × 109/L with an 2.6 × 1.8 cm and 0.8 × 0.8 cm, respectively (Fig-
elevated absolute neutrophil count of 15.7 (nor- ure 2A), and extending down to the peritonsillar
mal 1.8–8.1) × 109/L. The absolute lymphocyte regions with a multilocular appearance (Figure
count and monocyte count were within normal 2B), consistent with bilateral peritonsillar ab-
limits. The level of C-reactive protein was 3926.8 scesses. The patient underwent bilateral needle
(normal < 47.6) nmol/L. A monospot test was not aspiration by the otolaryngologist; a total of 10
done. On her arrival at the emergency depart- mL of purulent material was obtained from the
ment, the patient was given intravenous (IV) flu- left side and 3 mL from the right side. Cultures
ids and IV amoxicillin–clavulanic acid for a pro- from the aspiration ultimately grew Acinetobac-
visional diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. ter baumannii, which was resistant to ampicillin
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and susceptible to ampicillin–sulbactam. She
was discharged home on another course of oral
Key points amoxicillin–clavulanic acid for a total of 14 days
of antibiotic treatment. The patient’s abscesses
• Peritonsillar abscess is a potentially life-threatening deep-neck resolved and there were no signs of recurrence at
infection in adults that may complicate acute tonsillitis.
six months.
• Bilateral swelling of the soft palate with a midline uvula may indicate
the presence of bilateral peritonsillar abscesses.
Discussion
• Contrast-enhanced computed tomography should be considered for
assessment of patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of bilateral
peritonsillar abscesses. Although acute tonsillitis usually runs a rela-
• A patient with suspected bilateral peritonsillar abscesses requires tively benign course, complications may occur
urgent otolaryngologic assessment. (Box 1).1–4 These can be life-threatening if treat-
ment is delayed or inadequate. In particular, air-
1276 CMAJ, August 9, 2011, 183(11) © 2011 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors
Practice
way compromise can occur from epiglottis or examination. In unilateral or bilateral abscesses,
laryngeal edema; deep-neck abscess of periton- the patient may present with a muffled voice,
sillar, parapharyngeal or retropharyngeal spaces; progressive odynophagia, dysphagia, referred
and mediastinitis. Other complications related to otalgia, trismus, oral pooling of saliva, drooling
the sequela of inflammation, septicemia or an and fever.1,6,8 In unilateral peritonsillar abscess,
untreated group A β-hemolytic streptococcal the classic intraoral finding is bulging of one
pharyngeal infection also can cause high morbid- anterior tonsillar pillar and the adjacent soft
ity and mortality. palate with contralateral displacement of the
uvula.1,2,6,8
Epidemiology of peritonsillar abscess Patients with bilateral peritonsillar abscesses
Peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus within present a diagnostic dilemma because they do
the space between the tonsil and the superior not exhibit the above classic asymmetric signs
constrictor muscle. Most instances of peritonsil- seen in unilateral peritonsillar abscess, such as
lar abscess are polymicrobial, with a mix of aer- asymmetry of the tonsils and palate, and devia-
obic and anaerobic organisms. The most com- tion of the uvula. The presence of a midline
mon aerobes are Streptococcus pyogenes and uvula does not eliminate the possibility of peri-
Streptococcus viridans, whereas Fusobacterium tonsillar abscess. A midline uvula with bilateral
and Bacteroides are among the most common bulging of the soft palate appears to be a key
anaerobes. 5,6 Peritonsillar abscess typically sign in bilateral peritonsillar abscesses,8 as was
occurs in adolescents and young adults.5 It is one seen in our patient and in case reports in the lit-
of the most common complications of acute ton- erature. Although this presentation is uncom-
sillitis; there are about 45 000 instances annually mon in peritonsillar abscess in general, other
in the United States and Puerto Rico.7 It is usu- features of the physical examination in our
ally unilateral, and clinically evident bilateral patient would have suggested a disease that
presentation is uncommon. The actual frequency needed further diagnostic workup. The presence
of bilateral peritonsillar abscesses is not known; of trismus and a muffled voice are also concern-
however, it has been seen at rates of 1.9% to ing features that would warrant a thorough
24% in reports describing quinsy tonsillectomy workup for worst-case scenarios.1,9
(also known as acute abscess tonsillectomy), in
which the unsuspected contralateral abscess was Differential diagnosis of bilateral
discovered during surgery.1,6 peritonsillar abscesses
On reviewing the literature, we found reports The intraoral examination of severe acute tonsil-
on 10 patients (Appendix 1, available at www litis and infectious mononucleosis can be quite
.cmaj.ca/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1503/cmaj.100066 similar to that of bilateral peritonsillar abscesses.
/-/DC1) with clinical courses similar to that of Other less common conditions may be confused
our patient. Like our patient, these patients had with bilateral peritonsillar abscesses, such as
clinically evident bilateral peritonsillar abscesses lymphoma presenting with bilateral large and
(in contrast to an unsuspected contralateral peri-
tonsillar abscess found at the time of bilateral A B
quinsy tonsillectomy for a presumed unilateral
peritonsillar abscess). The mean age was 22.7
(range 9–32) years. All but one patient had a
bilaterally bulging soft palate with a midline
uvula on presentation. Six instances were diag-
nosed by contrast-enhanced CT, two by needle
aspiration and two by incision and drainage. Ini-
tial management included needle aspiration in
four instances, incision and drainage in four, and
quinsy tonsillectomy (removal of tonsil to drain
abscess) in two. After discharge, five patients
underwent elective tonsillectomy, four were fol-
lowed up (two had previously undergone quinsy
tonsillectomy), and the subsequent management
was not reported for one patient.
Figure 2: Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of the neck showing
Diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess a midline uvula (asterisk) and bilateral hypodense masses (arrows) with thick
The diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess is usually rim enhancement (A) in the superior poles of the peritonsillar regions and (B)
made on the basis of the history and physical extending down to the peritonsillar regions with a multilocular appearance.