INTRDUCTION TO 3G

TECHNOLOGY AND UMTS

THIRD GENERATION (3G) MOBILE
SYSTEMS
 The objective of 3G is to provide high-speed
wireless communications to support multimedia,
data and video in addition to voice
 – IMT-2000 defined the view of 3G system capabilities
IMT-2000 3G SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
 Voice quality comparable to the PSTN
 • 144Kbps data rate available to fast-moving users

 • 384Kbps to pedestrians

 • 2084Kbps for office use

 • Support for both packet-switched and circuit-

switched data services
 • An adaptive interface to the Internet

 • Support for wide variety of mobile equipment

 • Flexibility to allow the introduction of new services

and technologies
 UMTS
3 G (telephony , paging, messaging, Internet , broadband data)
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
FDD and TDD bands
GSM Combatable
QoS
44 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoor
384 kbits/s urban outdoor
2048 kbits/s indoor and low range outdoor
Four types of QoS classes:
Conversational class (voice, video telephony, video gaming)
Streaming class (multimedia, video on demand, webcast)
Interactive class (web browsing, network gaming, database access)
Background class (email, SMS, downloading)
 UMTS

Basic
Architecture
UMTS REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE
 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
– Handles all radio-related functions
 Core Network (CN)

– Switching and routing of calls and data

connections to external networks
– Enhanced GSM technology
 User Equipment (UE)

– Interfaces the user and radio equipment

– New technology
UTRAN
 UTRAN consists of two components
– Base station – NodeB – communicates with the
mobile devices over the air.
 In cities base stations have typically 1km radius,
typically split into two or three sectors – cells
 Base stations connected to the network using
2Mbps links – E1 called T1. This links can be
over copper cable, optical fibre, ADSL/VDSL or
Microwave
 Node B is similar to BTS in GSM
 Each node B can control several antennas which
make a radio cell
 Radio Network Controller RNC
UTRAN
ARCHITECTURE

• UTRAN comprises several

RNSs
Node B can support FDD or TDD
or both

• RNC is responsible for

handover decisions requiring
signaling to the UE
THE RNC
 Establishes radio connection
 Selects connection properties – bandwidth,

 type, QoS requirements, subscription options etc.

 Mobility management – handover control

between cells and between base stations
 Overload control

the RNC can block new connection

establishment requests, or can reduce the
bandwidth of established connections
CORE NETWORK
 The Core Network (CN) is separated into two
logical domains:
 Circuit Switched Domain (CSD)

– Circuit switched service incl. signaling

– Resource reservation at connection setup
– GSM components (MSC, VLR)
 Packet Switched Domain (PSD)

– GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN)

PACKET-SWITCHED CORE NETWORK
 The RNC connects to both the circuit-switched core
network and to the packet-switch core network
 Before a mobile device can exchange data with an
external PS network, the mobile devices has to Attach
to the PS core network and perform authentication
procedure
– request an IP address from the PS network:
this is referred to as ‘establishing a PDP context
– Packet Data Protocol
 The SGSN is responsible for subscriber and mobility
management
– The SGSN keeps track of user locations and routes
IP packets accordingly
THE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE MSC
 In UMTS there are two independent core network
entities: the MSC and the SGSN
 The MSC handles voice and video calls and
forwards SMS messages via the radio network
 Manages users of the networks in its region

– Establishes circuit-switched channels for

incoming / outgoing calls
 Mobile devices need to register with the MSC,by
sending their IMSI numbers
W-CDMA AND CDMA2000
 CDMA2000 uses multicarrier CDMA to increase the
capacity
– CDMA2000 proposes multiples of 1.2288Mchips/sec
(WCDMA employs 3.84Mchip/sec)
 W-CDMA increases the bit rate and thus the power
and attempts to maximise the capacity by controlling
the power
– Different applications require different bit error
rates,which means different power levels
 In CDMA2000 Base stations operate synchronously
by obtaining timing from GPS, while in W-CDMA
operation is asynchronous
 The frame length in W-CDMA is 10ms, in CDMA2000
is 20ms
 WCDMA
 Wideband Direct Sequence Technology
 Bandwidth 5MHz

 IMT-2000

 Data Rate 385 kbps wide area coverage

 2 Mbps for local coverage

UMTS DEFINED NEW INTERFACES
 Uu: Mobile Terminal to Node B(W-CDMA
air Interface)
 Iub: Node B to RNC

 Iu: RNC to Core Network

 IuCS: RNC to MSC circuite switch interface

 IuPS: RNC to SGSN

 Iur: RNC to RNC (new interface of UMTS)

___Iur defined so all resourse management func.

Performed in RNS without CN.
___Iub,Iu,Iur use ATM Protocol for data exchange
b/w connected elements.
DOWNLINK OVERHEAD CHANNELS
 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
__ used to transmite timing and frequency Ref. To UE
__TO Find primary scrambling Code
__To Determine the transmit power during open
loop PC.
 Sync. Channel(SCH)
___Multiplexed with (P-CCPCH)
___Contains Primary and Secondary Syc Ch.
___Allow UE to Synchronize with Base station
 Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-
CCPCH)
___transmite BCH (Provide system information to UE)
___Multiplexed with SCH(Sycn. UE to Network)
___In test Operating Mode it contains Psuedo-random
bit sequence data and valid system frame number
UMTS ADED SECURITY
 The main security elements that are from
GSM
 Authentication of subscribers
 Subscriber identity confidentially
 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) to be
removable from terminal hardware
 Radio interface encryption
 Additional UMTS security features
 Security against using false base stations with
mutual authentication
 Encryption extended from air interface only to
include Node-B to RNC connection
 OPNET
Main Features of OPNET.
Powerful Simulation tool
Development work was started in 1986 by MIL3, Inc., for military
while nowadays OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Predefined libraries and Protocols.
OPNET modelling hierarchy
NETWORK DOMAIN
NODE DOMAIN
PROCESS DOMAIN
SIMULATIONS & ANALYSIS
 OPNET

OPNET
Object
palette
 OPNET
UMTS
Network
In
OPNET
SCNERIO 1
OPNET
SCNERIO 2
OPNET
SCNERIO 3
OPNET
HUAWEI VS UMTS

 Latin America's First UMTS Network is

Constructed by Huawei
 After one year of testing, ANTEL purchases the
UMTS equipments from Huawei. Huawei
provides the HSDPA-based end-to-end UMTS
solution for ANTEL.