Electrical Hazards

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Topics:
• Intro & Definition to Electrical Hazards

• Types of Electrical Hazards

• Commonly Used Mitigation Measures

• Hazard Control Methodologies

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Electrical Hazards

Electrical Hazard Defined as :–

A dangerous condition such that contact or

equipment failure can result in electric shock, arc
flash burn, thermal burn, or blast.

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Types of Electrical Hazards

Shock (Electrocution)
Arc-flash (flashover)

Arc-blast (more of mechanical effects)

Fire, ,,,, Static, Lightning ,,, Other ?!!!!

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Electrical Shock (Electrocution)

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Shock Hazard
or Electrocution (not part of Arc Flash)

• Flow of current through human body

• Touch
• Step
• Both

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Fibrillation
Threshold
Current (mA)
Source:
IEC 60479-1

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Example
(Example Using Dalziel’s Formula)

IB is Permissible body current in Amps which will not cause

Vent. Fib.

tS is Duration in Sec.

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What is permissible current for 50 kg person exposed to 1 Sec,,,, 2 Sec.?

What is Max time for 70 kg person exposed to .2 Amps,,,,,, 0.5 Amps.?

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Electrical Fire

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Electrical Fire

• Equipment Malfunction
• Application / Installations

Examples

Heaters
Appliances (all in one machines)
Sockets and receptacles
Saudi Civil Defense about 30%.
Chart is from German Ref. 12
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 Electrical Fire
• Arc fault ,,,,,,, The silent
killer!!
• Overcurrent devices can not detect
arcing faults
• Detection of arc faults is an issue in
some applications
• Attributed to most electrical fires

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 Electrical Fire
• Arc fault ,,,,,,, The silent killer!!

Arcing results into high Temp

Fuel is intensified (combustible gases)
No action by Panel Circuit Breaker

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 Electrical Fire
• Arc fault ,,,,,,, The silent killer!!

Faulty Recep. & Switch

Loose Connection

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 Arc Fault
• Arc fault ,,,,,,, The silent killer!!

• Resistive Short Circuit

• Arc Fault Detection Devices (IEC)

• Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) in North America

• Issues with Detection Devices,,, (Security and Selectivity)

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Static Electricity & Lightning

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 Static Electricity & Lightning
• Practices (enforcement of Safety Procedure)
• Application / Installations

Examples

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Two Different Incidents in Jazan!
STATIC ELECTRICITY

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Lightning Strike

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Interference

Effects of:

• Magnetic Fields
• Electric Fields
• Interferences / Noises

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Control Measures

Standards Engineering Admin

Conformity GFCI / RCD Awareness

Work
Spacing AFCI
Practices

Insulation Lockout /
Grounding
Tagout
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Conformity
Declaration
oC / Brand

Quality
CoC
Mark

In Compliance

Notified Approved
Body List

Listed /
Labeled

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Conformity

Type Tested

Partially Type Tested

Batch Testing

Labeled / Listed

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Conformity
Who is Who !!!

NRTL
ILAC GSO SASO
CSA SAC
DNV UL
GAC CE
STL
IEC EE UKAS
IEC CB

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Conformity
Who is Who !!!

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 Conformity

Accreditation Certification Standard

Quality Marks
Bodies Bodies Organization
Schemes
NRTL UL IEC UL

IEC EE
SAC DNV SASO ‫ج‬
CE

ILAC Intertek IEEE CSA

IEC Ex
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Conformity Who is Who !!!
Authority Having Jurisdiction

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Counterfeit ,,,, Fake Products

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Counterfeit ,,,, Fake Products

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Arc Flash

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 ‫‪ARC FLASH -Electrical-‬‬
‫ومضة قوس كهربائي (شواظ كهربي !!!)‬

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HAZARD CONTROL: ……. METHODOLOGY

Industry Practice Adopted by ANSI and other HS&E agencies

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METHODOLOGY

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• Arc Resistant Gears
• Full Automation
• Smart MCCs
• Remote operation
• Vacuum and SF6 instead of Air or oil
• ZSI
• Light based (sound) protection
• Bus diff. and network based protection

• Training / competency
• Work permit
• Logging and recording
• Job safety Analysis and other
practices

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Topics Required for Arc Flash Hazard Assessment
Utility

• Short Circuit Current Bus

• Arcing Fault Current

Transformer

• Fault Clearing Time

Switchgear

• Type of Equipment and Physical Distances

One Line Diagram 38