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Theoretical Background Family Concept 1. Definition Family
Theoretical Background Family Concept 1. Definition Family
FAMILY CONCEPT
1. Definition Family
Family is a group of people with marital, birth, and adoption ties that aim to create,
maintain culture, and improve physical, mental, emotional, and social development of each
family member, Duvall and Logan (2010).
Families are two or more individuals who live in one household because of blood
relations, marriage, or adoption. They interact with one another, have their respective roles
and create and maintain a culture. Bailon and Maglaya (2008).
Family is the smallest unit of society consisting of a family head and several people who
gather and live somewhere under one roof in a state of mutual dependence. RI Ministry of
Health (2005)
It can be concluded that family characteristics are:
1.1. Consists of two or more individuals bound by blood relations, marriage or adoption
1.2. Family members usually live together or if they are separated they still pay attention to
each other
1.3. Family members interact with each other and each has a social role: husband, wife,
child, brother and sister
1.4. Has a purpose: creating and maintaining culture, increasing physical, psychological, and
social development of members.
2. Family Structure
2.1 Patrilineal: blood family consisting of blood relatives in several generations, where the
relationship is arranged through the father's path
2.2 Matrilineal: a blood family consisting of blood relatives in several generations where the
relationship is arranged through the maternal line
2.3 Matrilokal: a married couple who lives with a mother's family
2.4 Patrilokal: a husband and wife who live with their family as a husband
2.5 Marriage families: husband and wife relationship as a basis for family formation, and
some relatives who are part of the family because of the relationship with a husband or
wife.
3. Characteristics of Family Structure
3.1. Organized: interconnected, interdependence between family members
3.2. There are limitations: each member has freedom, but they also have limitations in
carrying out their respective functions and duties
3.3. There is a difference and specificity: each family member has their respective roles and
functions.
4. Types of Structure / Type / Form of Family
4.1 Traditional:
4.1.1 The nuclear family ( nuclear family )
Family consisting of husband, wife and children.
4.1.2 The dyad family
Family consisting of husband and wife (without children) who live together in one
house
4.1.3 Married families
Families consisting of elderly husband and wife with children have separated
themselves
4.1.4 The childless family
Families without children because they are late to get married and to get children
late in time, which is caused by pursuing a career / education that occurs in
women
4.1.5 The extended family (extended / large family)
Family consisting of three generations who live together in one house such as the
nuclear family accompanied by: uncle, aunt, parents (brother-grandmother), niece,
etc.)
4.1.6 The single-parent family (widowed / widowed family)
Families consisting of one parent (father and mother) with children, this usually
occurs through a process of divorce, death and abandonment (violating the law of
marriage)
4.1.7 Commuter family
Both parents work in different cities, but one of these cities as a place to live and
parents who work outside the city can gather to family members on weekends
(week-end)
4.1.8 Multigenerational family
Families with several generations or age groups living together in one house
4.1.9 Kin-network family
Some nuclear families live in one house or are close together and use the same
goods and services. For example: kitchen, bathroom, television, telephone, etc.)
4.1.10 Blended family
Families formed by widowers or widows who remarry and raise children from
previous marriages
4.1.11 The single adult living alone / single-adult family
Families consisting of adults who live alone because of their choice or separation
(separation), such as: divorce or death
4.2 Non- Traditional
4.2.1 The unmarried teenage mother
Families consisting of parents (especially mothers) with children from unmarried
relationships
4.2.2 The stepparent family
Family with stepparents
4.2.3 Commune family
Some family partners (with their children) who have no relationship, who live
together in one house, the same sources and facilities, the same experience,
socialize children through group activities / raising children together
4.2.4 The nonmarital heterosexual cohabiting family
Families who live together change partners without marriage
4.2.5 Gay and lesbian families
Someone who has the same sex as living together as a marital partner
4.2.6 Cohabitating couple
Adults who live together outside the marriage bond for several reasons
4.2.7 Group-marriage family
Some adults use household utensils together, who feel they are married to one
another, share something, including sexual and raise their children
4.2.8 Group network family
The nuclear family is limited by a set of rules / values, lives close to each other
and uses mutual household goods, services and is responsible for raising their
children
4.2.9 Foster family
Families receive children who have no family / sibling relations in the interim
time, when the parents of the child need to get help to reunite the original family
4.2.10 Homeless family
Families that are formed and do not have permanent protection due to personal
crises associated with economic conditions and or mental health problems
4.2.11 Gang
A destructive family form, from young people who seek emotional ties and
families who have attention, but develop in violence and crime in their lives.
There are several steps that need to be done when assessing according to Supraji (2004),
namely:
1) Fostering good relations
In fostering good relationships, things that need to be done include nurses introducing
themselves politely and cordially, explaining the purpose of the visit, convincing the
family that the presence of nurses is resolving health problems in the family, explaining
the broad support of nurses who can done, explaining to the family who other health
teams are in the family.
2) Preliminary Assessment
This assessment focused on the data obtained from the health service unit carried out.
3) Follow-up assessment (second stage)
Further assessment is the assessment stage to obtain more complete data according to
family health problems oriented to the initial assessment. Here the nurse needs to reveal
the family situation to the causes of the most important and basic health problems.
In the preparation of health problems in family care refers to the typology of family
nursing diagnosis which is divided into 3 groups, namely:
1) Healthy diagnosis / Wellness / potential
That is a state of well-being from the family when it has been able to meet its health
needs and has a possible source of health support that can be used. This potential
diagnosis formulation only consists of components of the Problem (P) and sign /
symptom (S) without etiology (E).
2) Threat / risk diagnosis
Namely nursing problems that have not occurred. This diagnosis can be an actual
problem if it is not immediately addressed. The formulation of the risk diagnosis
consists of the component problem (P), etiology (E), sign / symptom (S).
3) Real / actual diagnosis / disorder
That is a nursing problem that is being undertaken by the family and needs help
quickly. Formulation of actual diagnoses consists of problem (P), etiology (E), and
sign / symptom (S). The formulation of the problem (P) is a response to the disruption
of meeting basic needs. While etiology refers to 5 family tasks.
In Friedman (1998) NANDA selected nursing diagnoses are suitable for family
nursing practice as shown below:
Diagnosis Category NANDA Nursing Diagnosis
Perception of health-pattern of health Management that can be changed
management Healthy looking behavior
Cognitive-exercise patterns Environmental management damage
home
Perception patterns Lack of knowledge
Conflict decisions
Role-patterns of relation Grieving Anticipation
Disfunctional grievance
Role conflict parents isolation social
Changes in family processes
Change in role appearance
Risk of change in parenthood
Changes to parents
Risk of violence
Coping patterns - patterns of stress Koping potential family to growth
tolerance Family coping is not effective:
decreasing Ineffective family coping:
disability
6.3 Planning
Planning is a set of actions determined by nurses to be reported in solving health and
nursing problems that have been entification. The preparation of the treatment plan is
carried out in 2 stages, namely fulfillment of the priority scale and treatment plan
(Supraji, 2004).
6.3.1 Priority Scale
Priority based on nursing diagnoses that have high scores and are arranged
sequentially until the lowest score is obtained. In prioritizing family health and
nursing problems must be based on several criteria as follows:
1) Nature of the problem (actual, risk, potential)
2) Possible problems can be changed
3) Potential problems to prevent
4) Prominence of problems
Scoring done if the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis from a scoring process
using a scale that has formulated by Bailon and Maglay (1978) in Effendy (1998).