kinship

/ˈkinˌSHip/
Blood relationship
Sharing of characteristics or origins
 Consanguineal or Linear Kinship
A kin by blood is called a consaguineal relative.
One can trace his/her consaguineal kin through learning his/her
descent.
Bilateral descent both paternal and maternal ANCESTORS are traceable.
UNILATERAL DESCENT ONLY ONE LINEAGE (EITHER PATERNAL OR MATERNAL) IS
TRACEABLE.
1. Patrilineal descent follows the father’s lineage.
2. Matrilenial descent highlights the influence of the mother side.
3. ambilineal descent considers either or both the paternal or maternal
sides.
 Affinal Kinship
the bond between husband and wife.
this type of kinship is caused by marriage.
it may also pertain to the relationships made by the families of husband
and wife.
examples are balae and bayaw.
Marriage is a legal foundation of family. It is a legal contract between
two people committing themselves in a permanent affinal kinship.
 Endogamy and Exogamy

ENDOGAMY is a marriage exogamy refers to the

between members of the
same group or
category of people.
Example is the marriage
of a Filipino with a
Filipina
marriage of two people
coming from different
groups or categories.
Example is the marriage
of a American with a
filipina
 Types of Marriage

monogamy bigamy polygamy polyandry

two people marriage of marries marriage of
are involved a man with more than a woman to
two woman two women more than
one man
 Divorce
Divorce is a court decree that terminates or dissolves a marriage.
the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of
marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married
couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.
In the Philippines, divorce is not allowed by the legal system.
In the usa, legal standards and processes have been loosen up to make
divorce easier to get.
Even if Divorce is not legalized in the Philippines, an unhappily married
couple still has an option to nullify their marriage through annulment.
 Annulment
It nullifies a marriage completely as if it has never existed.
however, a married couple must present valid grounds before they can
have their marriage annulled. These grounds shall include any of the ff:
1. Bigamy – either party was already married to another person at the
time of marriage.
2. Forced consent – one of the married couple was forced into marriage.
3. Fraud – one of the married couple agreed to the marriage through the
lies of the other.
4. Marriage prohibited by law – incestuous marriage
5. Mental illness – one or both spouse/s was/were mentally ill or
 Annulment
Emotionally disturbed at the time of the marriage.
6. Mental incapacity – one or both spouse/s was/were under the influence
of alcohol or drugs at the time of the marriage.
7. Inability to consummate marriage – Either spouse was impotent or
physically incapable of having sexual relations during the marriage.
8. Underage marriage – Either spouse was a minor at the time of the
marriage or was too young to enter a marriage without parental
consent or court approval.
 Fictive or Collateral Kinship
Personal kinship that is based on neither consanguineal nor affinal ties
is called fictive kinship.
may occur in adoption or religious rituals.
In adoption, as long as the adopting person acknowledges the child as
his/her adoptee, then the child is a fictive kin.
It also happens in religious rituals, such as baptism. The baptized child
becomes the fictive kin of the kumare/kumpadre, or the parents of the
baptized child.
 The Family
Every individual has a family.
the first group and network that an individual acquires in his/her
lifetime.
It is a universal institution in a society.
(2009) described the family as a set of people connected by
blood, marriage or adoption.
According to Schaefer, the major functions of a family are the ff:
1. To provide a place to rear children
2. To provide a sense of belonging among its members
3. To create the identity of an individual
 The Family
4. To transmit culture to the next generations
Another important function of the family is child-rearing. The family is
the group that takes care of the biological, economic, educational, and even
the emotional needs of the children.
Child rearing practices are different, depending on the society or the
level of economic progress
 The Family
Every family is a complicated set of people. It is far different from many
people’s common idea of a family being composed of a couple and their
children.
What many people conceive as the idea of family is the family nucleus
according to the united nations (UN), a family nucleus may be one of the
ff:
1. A married couple without children
2. A married couple with one or more unmarried children
3. A father with one or more unmarried children
4. A mother with one or more unmarried children
 Nuclear Family
If only one family nucleus lives in a residence, it is classified as a
nuclear family.
Many nuclear families have relatives who live in a different residence.
Although the members of the nuclear famil have maintained contacts with
these relatives, their interactions are often less frequent. Sociologists
call this group isolated nuclear families.
 Nuclear Family

Never-married Separated family Same-sex family Same-sex-parent family

family Separated couple (Un)married (Un)married couple with
Unmarried couple with children couple without one or more unmarried,
with one or more children biological/foster
unmarried children children
 Extended Family
Extended family is composed of two or more blood-related family nuclei.
The family has a matrifocal structure if they involve women like female
grandparent, female parent, or female children.
Patrifocal family structure focuses on men.

1. Vertically extended family pertains to a family which consists of three

generations—grandparent(s), parent(s), and child(ren).
2. Horizontally extended family composed of two or more family nuclei, of
whom the oldest members belong to the generation of parents. Example
is a family with uncles, aunts, parents, children and cousins living in
the same residence.
 Reconstituted Families
The prevalence of separated couples with children who remarry paved
the way to formation of reconstituted families.
Also known as blended family
It is the constitution of two adults who have children from previous
relationships.
Cinderella’s family is an example
 Family and Household

&

A family is different from a household, for the former requires close relation
(by blood or by law) among its members. Household, on the other hand, is a
term used by census bureaus to refer to the set of individuals, related or
unrelated by blood, who share a common residence.
Single Household

In a single household, an individual lives

in solitude.
There are many probable reasons for an
individual does to be in a single household.
He/she may have experience a death or
separation in his/her family, or he/she may
have personally chosen to be a recluse.
Nuclear Household

It consists of a single family

nucleus
A nuclear family without
house helpers is considered as a
nuclear household.
Extended Household
It is a household consisting of any of the
following:
1. A single family nucleus and other
persons related to the nucleus.
2. Two or more family nuclei related to
each other without any other persons.
3. Two or more family nuclei related to
each other plus other persons related
to at least one of the nuclei.
4. Two or more persons related to each
other, none of whom constitutes a
family nucleus
Composite Household
It consists of any of the following:
1. A single family nucleus plus other
persons, some of whom are related to
the nucleus and some of whom are not.
2. A single family nucleus plus other
persons, none of whom is related to
the nucleus.
3. Two or more family nuclei related to
each other plus other persons, some
of whom are related to at least one of
the nuclei and some of whom are not
related to any of the nuclei
4. Two or more family nuclei related to
each other plus other persons, none
of whom is related to any of the nuclei.
Composite Household

5. Two or more family nuclei not related

to each other, with or without any
other person.
6. Two or more persons related to each
other but none of whom constitute a
family nucleus, plus other unrelated
persons.
7. Nonrelated persons only.
 The Filipino Family in the
Context of Globalization
With the advent of globalization, family structure and arrangement
have now been reconstructed. Ofw parents usually leave their children
under the foster care of relatives or guardians in the country.

The statistics based on the number of OFWs being

deployed, from Lozada, David. “PH Migration
Report: Number of OFWs Increasing.” Rappler,
www.rappler.com/nation/32361-ph-migration-
report-ofws.
 The Filipino Family in the
Context of Modernization

The process of modernization and urbanization has also transformed

the Filipino family structure. Because of the thought that the cities have
better opportunities for employment and education, young Filipinos tend to
migrate or move away from the residence of their families.
The Filipino Family in the
Context of Modernization
The Filipino Family in the
Context of Modernization
METRO MANILA
 Kinship in Politics
The members of a kinship strongly identified to the behavioral rules of
conduct, which created enduring and cooperative relationships among the
group. In early societies, it is possible that interactions happened to two
unrelated individuals as long as they needed to convert the strangers in a
metaphorical kin.
the behavioral codes is called a system of law. The legal system is the
basis of interaction. With the development of constitution, the interactions
and relationships of people are no longer kin-based.
the kin-based economic and political organizations are corrupted or
inefficient, considering the complexity of advanced society. The tendency of
the leaders of the clan or kinship group is to favor their immediate family
members.
Thank you for listening !