Principles of Ideal-Fluid Aerodynamics Krishnamurty Karamcheti Profesor of deans and Arner ‘Staford UneryPreface ‘The alm of this Book i 1 explain the basic principles and analytic tmethods underlying the theory of he motion of an deal Rud (an inviscid {incompressible uid) andthe oe ofthe theory in describing and predicting the flows associated with the moon of certain bodies of aerodynamic interest such at wings and bodies of revolution. I have attempted 0 fesribe ideal aerodynamis, although restricted to certain problems, tsa branch of theoretical physic. ‘The subject is developed ftom basic principles showing clearly the ‘complementary features of physi! understanding and the mathematical handing of the theory. The intention isto show the role of physical ‘understanding in mathematical formulation o bring out the motivation forthe mathematical language and methods employed andthe neces for ‘spplying a certain amount of mathematical rigor in aeving at physically "ppeaing solutions. The book i writen to serve a elcomained text atthe senior undet= radate or frtyeat graduate level. The idea isnot a ive inadequately ‘plained sluions to many special problems, but rather to present, fora few selected practical problems, 2 unied treatment leading from base principles to practically meaningl revs. A lage part ofthe book deals With general concepts and mathematical methods, alway elated, however, to the solution of problems, In this way T Rope thatthe book wil efor the valuable Funetion of teaching subject matter tlaed to a broader ‘methodology that wl ead logically to more advanced topics and methods infid mechanics itshould be of nterest to students in various disciplines, Sch a8 applied mathematics, physics, and engineering, "Thi book has grow out af lectures on aerodynamic theory which 1 have offered for the last decade and which have been receved with considerable enhusi.m. Its Beeause of the students’ encouragement CT venture t publish them, Tam greatly indebted to Professor lmgaré Flgge Lote for reviewing the manserpt and for many valuable suggestions and discussions My "pei thanks ae dv 19 Dr. Maurice L. Rasmusyen who read the mand Seopl and offered valuable cc's, Many stodents have Felped me nthusistialy wth the preparation of the book and my dep poreeation| foe tall of them, i“ face 1 am very grateful to Profesor ©. G. Thetfnt fo frisbing me with orginal prints of aay ofthe How photographs. "Boe al sours of the photographs forthe pats and 9 the ate! Phyial Laboratory, England and 1 am grey obliged to reproduce the photogrs eaeeighe "The original photographs for plates 3 6 Ge, and 7 ae ll Fern ar German puiationy and T wish to ero my ndebedness {om Prepostve sources, Paes 3 and dare after F. Homann, Foch, (Sy Gebiee ds Igeicrween, 7936). nea aftr Pron Soctou der Experimenaipyak, 8, Part} (Legg, 1931), Pate 7 Tre Prandt, The Physcr of Soi and Fas (London, 1930) rr opin was capably handled by Min. Katherine Bradley, Mis Gall Contents INTRODUCTION. 1 Fluid a4 4 Coninaous Medion oe Propertie of t Fi at Res Thermodynamic properties Ciprentaiys Tncompresble Mid; Heat conduction and Teen ak ternal conduct) oe ess 13 Papers of Fluid in Mouon:, Friction or ‘ison: CoS" wong Compresibiy: Hest anaer 14 Lamina and turbalent metins $ Se Nan Parameters: lave mnie of te fos, Frowie number, Reynolis sun, and Mach oumber Poser cheacering compresbty, Prandtl ouaber Palcters on which free and tet tae epend 1.46 Range of Some Paracas s 19 Condon for Nepecung Compresibity Bea; Case of Case of pues : ts Cloister Negectig Gravity Bt 21 15. Nature of the Problem when Compresitiiy Eos are Nelle : “ 1.40 Veli Flow Paterna with Reyaids Number Flow pst ‘Sur bodirs Flow past streamlined bodies 1.11 Varian of Fow Patent Mach number = ILI Bfeiso Veo at High Reyokis Numbers: The Boundary liner Bouniny ayer concepts Some cburcertcn of the I tury yer Teton et Se. 1.43 Comguenee of be Boundsy-LayerConept A ea ad Theory fl 12 ELEMENTS OF VECTOR ALGEBRA AND CALCULUS 2 Repestaton of «Voor 22 Addon anaSebeacon 3 Betton of 2 ecoe 24 Mapictondy Nember 33 Unevesar 26 govecor 35 Sear otto Vesa