Shimla - Wikipedia PDF

3/2/2019 Shimla - Wikipedia
Coordinates: 31°6′12″N 77°10′20″E
Shimla
Shim la (En g lish : /ˈʃɪmlə/; Hin di: [ˈʃɪmlaː] ( listen ) ), also known as Sim la, is the capital and the largest city of
the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Shimla is also a district which is bounded by the state of Shimla
Simla
Uttarakhand in the south-east, districts of Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Sirmaur in the
south and Solan in the west. In 1864, Shimla was declared as the summer capital of British India, succeeding City
Murree, northeast of Rawalpindi. After independence, the city became the capital of Punjab and was later
named the capital of Himachal Pradesh. It is the principal commercial, cultural and educational centre of the
state. [5 ]
Small hamlets were recorded prior to 1815 when British forces took control of the area. The climatic
conditions attracted the British to establish the city in the dense forests of Himalay as. As the summer capital,
Shimla hosted many important political meetings including the Simla Accord of 1914 and the Simla
Conference of 1945. After independence, the state of Himachal Pradesh came into being in 1948 as a result of
integration of 28 princely states. Ev en after independence, the city remained an important political centre,
hosting the Simla Agreement of 197 2. After reorganisation of state of Himachal Pradesh, the existing Mahasu
district was named Shimla.
Shimla is home to a number of buildings that are sty led in the Tudorbethan and neo-Gothic architectures
dating from the colonial era, as well as multiple temples and churches. The colonial architecture and
churches, the temples and the natural env ironment of the city attracts tourists. Attractions include the
Viceroy Lodge, the Christ Church, the Jakhoo Temple, the Mall Road and the Ridge, which together form the
city centre. The Kalka–Shimla Railway line built by the British, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is also a major
tourist attraction. Owing to its steep terrain, Shimla hosts the mountain biking race MTB Himalay a, which
started in 2005 and is regarded as the biggest ev ent of its kind in South Asia. Shimla also has the largest
natural ice skating rink in South Asia. Apart from being a tourism centre, the city is also an educational hub
with a number of colleges and research institutions.
Contents
History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla 1/21
Geography Clockwise from top: Skyline at Shimla

Climate Southern Side, Indian Institute of
Advanced Studies, Town Hall, night
Economy
view of Shimla and Christ Church
Civic administration
Nickname(s): Queen of Hills
Demographics
Population
Literacy
Language
Religion
Culture
Education
Places of interest
Transport Shimla
Road
Air
Rail
Media and communications
Notable people born in Shimla
Notable people educated in Shimla Shimla
Sister cities
See also
References
External links
History
Most of the area occupied by present-day Shimla city was dense forest during the 18th century . The only
civ ilisation was the Jakhoo temple and a few scattered houses. [6 ] The area was called 'Shimla', named after a
Hindu goddess, Shyamala Devi, an incarnation of Kali. [1 ] Coordinates: 31°6′12″N 77°10′20″E
Country India
The area of present-day Shimla was inv aded and captured by Bhimsen Thapa of Nepal in 1806. The British
State Himachal Pradesh
East India Company took control of the territory as per the Sugauli Treaty after the Anglo-Nepalese War
District Shimla
(1814–16). The Gurkha leaders were quelled by storming the fort of Malaun under the command of Dav id Named for Hindu goddess
Ochterlony in May 1815. In a diary entry dated 30 August Shyamala Devi[1]

1817 , the Gerard brothers, who surv ey ed the area, describe Government
Shimla as "a middling-sized v illage where a fakir is situated to • Type Municipal
giv e water to the trav ellers". In 1819, Lieutenant Ross, the Corporation
Assistant Political Agent in the Hill States, set up a wood • Body Shimla Municipal
cottage in Shimla. Three y ears later, his successor and the
Corporation
• Municipal Amit Kashyap
Scottish civ il serv ant Charles Pratt Kennedy built the first
Commissioner
pucca house in the area in 1822, near what is now the Himachal • Mayor Kusum Sadret
Pradesh Legislativ e Assembly building. The accounts of the
The bridge connecting Shimla with Chhota Area[2]
Britain-like climate started attracting sev eral British officers to
Shimla, originally erected in 1829 by Lord • City 35.34 km2
the area during the hot Indian summers. By 1826, some officers
Combermere, Shimla, 1850s (13.64 sq mi)
had started spending their entire v acation in Shimla. In 1827 ,
Elevation 2,276 m (7,467 ft)
Lord Amherst, the Gov ernor-General of Bengal, v isited Shimla
and stay ed in the Kennedy House. A y ear later, Lord Combermere, the Commander-in-Chief of the British Population (2011)[3][4]
forces in India, stay ed at the same residence. During his stay , a three-mile road and a bridge were • City 169,578
constructed near Jakhu. In 1830, the British acquired the surrounding land from the chiefs of Keonthal and • Rank 1 (in HP)
Patiala in exchange for the Rawin pargana and a portion of the Bharauli pargana. The settlement grew rapidly
• Density 4,800/km2
(12,000/sq mi)
after this, from 30 houses in 1830 to 1,141 houses in 1881. [6 ][7 ]
• Metro [3] 171,640
In 1832, Shimla saw its first political meeting: between the Gov ernor-General William Bentinck and the Languages
emissaries of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. In a letter to Colonel Churchill, he wrote:[8 ] • Official Hindi, English
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
“ Shimla is only four days march from Loodianah (Ludhiana), is easy of access, and
proves a very agreeable refuge from the burning plains of Hindoostaun (Hindustan). ” PIN
Telephone
171 001
91 177 XXX XXXX
Combermere's successor Earl Dalhousie v isited Shimla in the same y ear. After this, the town was under code
Nawab (King) Kumar Ghosal of Bally , West Bengal and saw regular v isits from the Gov ernors General and ISO 3166 code ISO 3166-2
Commanders-in-Chief of British India. A number of y oung British officers started v isiting the area to socialise Vehicle HP-03, HP-51, HP-
with the higher-ups; they were followed by ladies looking for marriage alliances for their relativ es. Shimla registration 52, HP-07
thus became a hill station famous for balls, parties and other festiv ities. Subsequently , residential schools for
Climate Cwb
Precipitation 1,577 mm (62 in)
pupils from upper-class families were established nearby . By the late 1830s, the city also became a centre for
Avg. annual 17 °C (63 °F)
theatre and art exhibitions. As the population increased, a number of bungalows were built and a big bazaar temperature
was established in the town. The Indian businessmen, mainly from Sood and Parsi communities, arriv ed in Avg. summer 22 °C (72 °F)
the area to cater to the needs of the growing European population. On 9 September 1844 the foundation of the temperature
Christ Church was laid. Subsequently , sev eral roads were widened and the construction of the Hindustan- Avg. winter 7 °C (45 °F)
Tibet road with a 560-feet tunnel was taken up in 1851–52. This tunnel, now known as the Dhalli Tunnel, was temperature
started by a Major Briggs in 1850 and completed in the winter of Website hpshimla.gov.in (htt
1851–52. [9 ] The 1857 uprising caused a panic among the European p://hpshimla.gov.in/)
residents of the town, but Shimla remained largely unaffected by the
rebellion. [6 ]
In 1863, the Viceroy of India, John Lawrence, decided to shift the summer capital of the British Raj to Shimla. [6 ]
He took the trouble of mov ing the administration twice a y ear between Calcutta and this separate centre ov er
1,000 miles away , despite the fact that it was difficult to reach. [1 0 ] Lord Ly tton (Viceroy of India 187 6–1880)
made efforts to plan the town from 187 6, when he first stay ed in a rented house, but began plans for a Viceregal
Lodge, later built on Observ atory Hill. A fire cleared much of the area where the nativ e Indian population liv ed
(the "Upper Bazaar" nowaday s known as the Ridge [1 1 ] ), and the planning of the eastern end to become the centre
of the European town forced them to liv e in the Middle and Lower Bazaars on the lower terraces descending the
steep slopes from the Ridge. The Upper Bazaar was cleared for a town hall, with many facilities such as library and
theatre, as well as offices for police and military v olunteers as well as municipal administration.
During the "Hot Weather", Shimla was also the Headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief, India, the head of the
Indian Army , and many Departments of the Gov ernment. The summer capital of the regional Gov ernment of the
Punjab mov ed from Murree, in modern-day Pakistan, to Shimla in 187 6. They were joined by many of the British
19th century sketch of the ancient
wiv es and daughters of the men who remained on the plains. Together these formed Shimla Society , which,
Jakhoo temple
according to Charles Allen, [1 2 ] "was as close as British India ev er came to hav ing an upper crust." This may hav e
been helped by the fact that it was v ery expensiv e, hav ing an ideal climate and thus being desirable, as well as
hav ing limited accommodation. British soldiers, merchants and civ il serv ants mov ed here each y ear to escape from the heat during summer in the Indo-
Gangetic plain. The presence of many bachelors and unattached men, as well as the many women passing the hot weather there, gav e Shimla a reputation
for adultery , and at least gossip about adultery : as Rudy ard Kipling said in a letter cited by Allen, it had a reputation for "friv olity , gossip and intrigue". [1 3 ]
The 500-foot (150 m) Lower Bazaar tunnel was built in 1905 and christened Khachhar Surang. The Ely sium tunnel (now known as the Auckland Tunnel),
about 120 feet (37 m) in length, was also built in 1905. [9 ]
The Kalka–Shimla railway line, opened in 1903, added to Shimla's accessibility and popularity . The railway route from Kalka to Shimla, with more than 806
bridges and 103 tunnels, was touted as an engineering feat and came to be known as the "British Jewel of the Orient". [1 3 ] In 2008, it became part of the
UNESCO World Heritage Site. [1 4 ] In addition, Shimla was the capital of the undiv ided state of Punjab in 187 1, and remained so until the construction of the
new city of Chandigarh (the present-day capital of the Indian states of Punjab and Hary ana). Upon the formation of the state of Himachal Pradesh in 197 1,
Shimla was named its capital.
After independence the Chief Commissioner's Prov ince of H.P. came into being on 15 April 1948 as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states
(including feudatory princes and zaildars) in the promontories of the western Himalay a, known in full as the Shimla Hills States & four Punjab southern hill
states by issue of the Himachal Pradesh (Administration) Order, 1948 under Sections 3 & 4 of the Extra-Prov incial Jurisdiction Act, 1947 (later renamed as
the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947 v ide A.O. of 1950). The State of Bilaspur
was merged in the Himachal Pradesh on 1 April 1954 by the Himachal
Pradesh and Bilaspur (New State) Act, 1954. Himachal became a part C state
on 26 January 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India
and the Lt. Gov ernor was appointed. Legislativ e Assembly was elected in
1952. Himachal Pradesh became a Union Territory on 1 Nov ember
1956. [1 5 ] Following area of Punjab State namely Shimla, Kangra, Kulu and
Lahul and Spiti Districts, Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala District, Lohara, Amb
and Una kanungo circles, some area of Santokhgarh kanungo circle and
some other specified area of Una tehsil of Hoshiarpur District besides some
Passenger train on the Kalka-Shimla Railway
route parts of Dhar Kalan Tehsil of Pathankot District; were merged with Himachal
Pradesh on 1 Nov ember 1966 on enactment of Punjab Reorganisation Act,
1966 by the Parliament. On 18 December 197 0, the State of Himachal
Entrance of the
Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 197 1. Thus Himachal emerged as the
Crowborough Rest
eighteenth state of the Indian Union. [1 5 ] House built in 1921
Pre-independence structures still dot Shimla; buildings such as the former Viceregal Lodge, Auckland House, Christ Church,
Gorton Castle, Shimla Town Hall and the Gaiety Theatre are reminders of British rule in India. [1 6 ][1 7 ] The original Peterhoff, another Viceregal residence,
burned down in 1981. British Shimla extended about a mile and a half along the ridge between Jakhoo Hill and Prospect Hill. The central spine was the Mall,
which ran along the length of the ridge, with a Mall Extension southwards, closed to all carriages except those of the Viceroy and his wife.
Geography
Shimla is on the south-western ranges of the Himalay as at 31.61°N 7 7 .10°E. It has an av erage altitude of 2,206 metres (7 ,238 ft) abov e mean sea lev el and
extends along a ridge with sev en spurs. The city stretches nearly 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) from east to west. [1 8 ] Shimla was built on top of sev en hills:
Inv erarm Hill, Observ atory Hill, Prospect Hill, Summer Hill, Bantony Hill, Ely sium Hill and Jakhoo Hill. The highest point in Shimla is the Jakhoo hill, which
is at a height of 2,454 metres (8,051 ft).
The city is a Zone IV (High Damage Risk Zone) per the Earthquake hazard zoning of India. Weak construction techniques and an increasing population pose
a serious threat to the already earthquake prone region. [1 9 ][2 0 ] There are no water bodies near the main city and the closest riv er, the Sutlej, is about
21 km (13 mi) away . [2 1 ] Other riv ers that flow through the Shimla district, although further from the city , are the Giri, and Pabbar (both tributaries of
Y amuna).
The green belt in the Shimla planning area is spread ov er 414 hectares (1,020 acres). [1 3 ] The main forests in and around the city are of pine, deodar, oak
and rhododendron. [2 2 ] Env ironmental degradation due to the increasing number of tourists ev ery y ear without the infrastructure to support them has
resulted in Shimla losing its popular appeal as an ecotourism spot. [2 3 ] Another rising concern in the region are the frequent number of landslides that often
take place after heav y rains. [1 9 ][2 4 ]
The city is situated 88 km (55 miles) northeast of Kalka, 116 km (7 2 miles) northeast of Chandigarh, 247 km
(154 miles) south of Manali and 350 km (219 miles) northeast of Delhi, the national capital. Kalka can be
reached within 2.5 hours, Chandigarh can be reached in 3 hours and 15 minutes. Delhi and Manali are both
around 7 hours away from Shimla.
Climate
Shimla features a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) under the Köppen climate classification. The climate in
Shimla is predominantly cool during winters and moderately warm during summer. [2 5 ] Temperatures
Simla and Jutogh, 1911 map
ty pically range from −4 °C (25 °F) to 31 °C (88 °F) ov er the course of a y ear. [2 6 ]
The av erage temperature during summer is between 19 and 28 °C (66 and 82 °F), and between −1 and 10 °C
(30 and 50 °F) in winter. Monthly precipitation v aries between 15 millimetres (0.59 in) in Nov ember and 434 millimetres (17 .1 in) in August. It is ty pically
around 45 millimetres (1.8 in) per month during winter and spring, and around 17 5 millimetres (6.9 in) in June as the monsoon approaches.
The av erage total annual precipitation is 1,57 5 millimetres (62 in), which is much less than most other hill stations but still much heav ier than on the plains.
Snowfall in the region, which historically has taken place in the month of December, has lately (ov er the last fifteen y ears) been happening in January or
early February ev ery y ear. [2 7 ]
The maximum snowfall receiv ed in recent times was 38.6 centimetres (15.2 in) on 18 January 2013. On two consecutiv e day s (17 and 18 January 2013), the
town receiv ed 63.6 centimetres (25.0 in) of snow. [2 8 ]
Climate data for Shimla (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
21.4 22.6 25.8 29.6 32.4 31.5 28.9 27.8 28.6 25.6 23.5 20.5 32.4
Record high °C (°F)
(70.5) (72.7) (78.4) (85.3) (90.3) (88.7) (84.0) (82.0) (83.5) (78.1) (74.3) (68.9) (90.3)
9.3 10.3 14.5 19.8 23.0 23.8 21.3 20.5 20.4 18.9 15.4 11.9 17.5
Average high °C (°F)
(48.7) (50.5) (58.1) (67.6) (73.4) (74.8) (70.3) (68.9) (68.7) (66.0) (59.7) (53.4) (63.5)
−1.2 2.4 6.1 10.8 13.6 15.1 14.6 14.2 12.9 10.5 7.0 4.0 9.5
Average low °C (°F)
(29.8) (36.3) (43.0) (51.4) (56.5) (59.2) (58.3) (57.6) (55.2) (50.9) (44.6) (39.2) (49.1)
−10.6 −8.5 −6.1 −1.3 1.4 7.8 9.4 10.6 5.0 0.2 −1.1 −12.2 −12.2
Record low °C (°F)
(12.9) (16.7) (21.0) (29.7) (34.5) (46.0) (48.9) (51.1) (41.0) (32.4) (30.0) (10.0) (10.0)
53.0 63.8 68.9 61.3 83.8 185.3 333.0 296.7 148.7 36.3 22.5 21.4 1,374.6
Average precipitation mm (inches)
(2.09) (2.51) (2.71) (2.41) (3.30) (7.30) (13.11) (11.68) (5.85) (1.43) (0.89) (0.84) (54.12)
42 43 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 99
Average snowfall cm (inches)
(17) (17) (2.8) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (2.8) (39.6)
Average rainy days 4.5 5.3 5.9 4.6 6.3 10.1 17.2 16.2 8.8 2.2 1.5 1.8 84.5
Average snowy days 4.2 4.2 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.3 11.2
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010, snow, 1990–2010)[29][30][31]
Economy
Employ ment is largely driv en by the gov ernment and tourism sectors. [3 2 ] Education sector and
horticultural produce processing comprise most of the remainder. Recently a Model Career Centre has been
set-up at Regional Employ ment Exchange, Shimla to enable bridging the gap between job-seekers and
employ ers.
In addition to being the local hub of transport and trade, Shimla is the area's healthcare centre, hosting a
medical college and four major hospitals:[3 3 ] Indira Gandhi Hospital (Snowdown Hospital,) Deen Day al
Upadhy ay Hospital (formerly called Ripon Hospital), Kamla Nehru Hospital and Indus Hospital. The city 's
dev elopment plan aims make Shimla an attractiv e health tourism spot. [3 2 ]
The hotel industry is one of the major source of income generation for the city . Shimla leads the list of Indian Shimla's "Lower Bazaar" in a photograph
cities with the highest ranked hotels. [3 4 ] taken between 1887 and 1889
Shimla had alway s been famous for its quality of education and many important schools hav e been imparting
quality education throughout the state. Along with schools of higher education, sev eral institutes are also
present, namely Himachal Pradesh Univ ersity and Indian Institute of Adv anced Study . Recruitment to the
IAAS is through the joint competitiv e examinations (the Civ il Serv ices Examination) and through promotion
from the subordinate cadre. Once recruited to IAAS, the directly recruited officers are trained mainly at the
National Academy of Audit and Accounts, Shimla. [3 5 ] Students from across India prefer to study in Shimla
because of its climate and Queen of Hill Stations status. These hav e added to the economy of the district as well
as the state.
Gov ernment is try ing to promote technology and IT sector as the new area for growth and promotion[3 6 ]
National Academy of Audits and
although not many companies hav e y et settled in Shimla. There are many new startups in and around Shimla.
Accounts, Yarrows
There are ov er six call centres in Shimla, including Alturist Technologies and 31 Parallel. Two notable
companies that are registered in Shimla are Netgen IT Solutions, an international website dev elopment startup
with partner offices in the US and Australia, and Himachal Media, a company that deals with content and media publishing.
Civic administration
The administrativ e responsibilities of the city of Shimla and merged areas of Dhalli, Totu and New Shimla
reside with the Shimla Municipal Corporation (SMC). All three areas were taken under SMC in 2006–07 .
Established in 1851, the Shimla Municipal Corporation is an elected body comprising 27 councillors, three
of whom are nominated by the Gov ernment of Himachal Pradesh. [1 8 ] The nominations are based on
prominence in the fields of social serv ice, academics and other activ ities. Thirty -three percent of the seats
are reserv ed for women. The elections take place ev ery fiv e y ears and the may or and deputy may or are
elected by and amongst the councilors themselv es. Kusum Sadrate and Rakesh Kumar Sharma of BJP are
the present May or and Deputy May or respectiv ely . [3 7 ]
Town Hall as seen from The Ridge
The administrativ e head of the corporation is the commissioner who is appointed by the state
gov ernment.
The two major political parties are the Bharatiy a Janata Party and Indian National Congress with a third party , Communist Party of India (Marxist),
emerging. [3 8 ]
The city contributes one seat to the state assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and one seat to the lower house of parliament (Lok Sabha). [3 9 ] Law and order in the city
is collectiv ely maintained by the police force, Vigilance Department, enforcement directorate, forensics, fire brigade, prisons serv ice and Home Guard.
There are fiv e police stations and three fire stations in Shimla. [4 0 ] The Superintendent of Police, Shimla heads the police force. The First Armed Police
Battalion, one of the four armed police battalions in the state, is av ailable for assistance to the local police. [4 1 ]
There are elev en courts in the district including a fast-track court. [4 2 ]
Demographics
Population
According to 2011 census, Shimla city spread ov er an area of 35.34 km2 had a population of 169,57 8 with 93,152 males and 7 6,426 females. [2 ][3 ] Shimla
urban agglomeration had a population of 17 1,817 as per prov isional data of 2011 census, out of which males were 94,7 97 and females were 7 7 ,020. [4 3 ]
The literacy rate of city was 93.63 percent[3 ] and that of urban agglomeration was 94.14 per cent. [4 3 ]
The city area has increased considerably along with passage of time. It has stretched from Hiranagar to Dhalli from one side & from Tara Dev i to Maly ana in
the other. As per the 2001 India Census, [4 4 ] the city has a population of 142,161 spread ov er an area of 19.55 km². [1 8 ] A floating population of 7 5,000 is
attributed to serv ice industries such as tourism. [1 8 ] The largest demographic, 55%, is 16–45 y ears of age. A further 28% of the population are y ounger than
15 y ears. The low sex ratio – 930 girls for ev ery 1,000 boy s in 2001 [4 5 ] – is cause for concern, and much lower than the 97 4 v ersus 1,000 for Himachal
Pradesh state as a whole.
The unemploy ment rate in the city has come down from 36% in 1992 to 22.6% in 2006. This drop is attributed to recent industrialisation, the growth of
serv ice industries, and knowledge dev elopment. [4 6 ]
Literacy
The literacy rate of Shimla is 93.6%. For males it is 94.7 % and 95.12% for females[4 7 ] . The majority of
Literacy in Shimla
Shimla's population consists of nativ es of Himachal Pradesh. Literacy Percent
Male 94.79%
Female 92.19%
Language Others 93.60%
Hindi is the lingua franca of the city , it is the principal spoken language of the city and also the most
commonly used language for the official purposes. English is also spoken by a sizeable population, and
is the second official language of the city . Other than Hindi, Pahari languages are spoken by the ethnic Pahari people, who form a major part of the
population in the city . Punjabi language is prev alent among the ethnic Punjabi migrant population of the city , most of whom are refugees from West Punjab,
who settled in the city after the Partition of India in 1947 .
Religion
Others include Christians and Jains
According to 2011 census, the majority religion of the city is Hinduism practised by 93.5% of the Religions in Shimla
Religion Percent
population, followed by Islam (2.29%), Sikhism (1.95%), Buddhism (1.33%), Christianity (0.62%), and
Hinduism 93.50%
Jainism (0.10%). [3 ]
Islam 2.29%
Sikhism 1.95%
Culture Buddhism
Others/not stated

1.33%
0.93%
The people of Shimla are informally called Shimlaites. With largely cosmopolitan crowds, a v ariety of
festiv als are celebrated here. The Shimla Summer Festiv al, held ev ery y ear during peak tourist
season, [4 8 ] and lasting 3–4 day s, is celebrated on the Ridge. The highlights of this ev ent include performances by
popular singers from all ov er the country . Since 2015, 95.0 BIG FM[4 9 ] and Himachal Tourism hav e been jointly
organizing a sev en-day long winter carniv al on the Ridge from Christmas to New Y ear's. [5 0 ][5 1 ][5 2 ]
Shimla has a number of places to v isit. Local hangouts like the Mall and the Ridge are in the heart of the city . Most of the
heritage buildings in the city are preserv ed in their original 'Tudorbethan' architecture. The former Viceregal Lodge,
which now houses the Indian Institute of Adv anced Study , and Wildflower Hall, now a luxury hotel, are some of the
famous ones. A collection of paintings, jewellery and textiles of the region can be found at the State Museum (built in
197 4).
Lakkar Bazaar, a market extending off the Ridge, is famous for souv enirs and crafts made of wood. Tatta Pani, 55
kilometres (34.2 mi) from the main city , is the name of hot sulfur springs that are believ ed to hav e medicinal v alue
located on the banks of the Riv er Satluj. Shimla is also home to South Asia's only natural ice skating rink. [5 3 ] State and
national lev el competitions are often held at this v enue. Shimla Ice Skating Club, which manages the rink, hosts a Stained glass windows at
Christ Church (1850), Shimla
carniv al ev ery y ear in January , which includes a fancy dress competition and figure skating ev ents. Due to the effects of
global warming and increasing urban dev elopment in and around Shimla, the number of sessions on ice ev ery winter has
been decreasing in the past few y ears.
Shimla has many temples and is often v isited by dev otees from nearby towns and cities. The Kali Bari temple, dedicated to the Hindu goddess Kali is near
the mall. Jakhoo Temple, for the Hindu god Hanuman is located at the highest point in Shimla. [5 4 ] Sankat Mochan, another Hanuman temple, is famous for
the numerous monkey s that are alway s found in its v icinity . It is located on Shimla-Kalka Highway about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the city . The nearby
temple of Tara Devi is a place for performing rituals and festiv als. Other prominent places of worship include a Gurudwara near the bus terminus and Christ
Church on the Ridge.
Shimla arts and crafts are highly in demand by the tourists. They range from excellent pieces of jewellery , embroidered shawls and garments to leather
made articles and sculptures. Shimla is full of pine and deodar trees. The wood has been extensiv ely used in all major buildings of Shimla. The v arious kinds
crafts of Shimla made out of wood includes small boxes, utensils, image carv ings and souv enirs.
Carpet making of Shimla is a great attraction for the tourists.

Different floral and other motifs are used. Wool is used to make
blankets and rugs. The embroidery includes handkerchiefs, hand
fans, glov es and caps.
The shawls of Shimla are v ery well known for their fine quality . The
leather craft of Shimla comprises shoes, slippers and belts. The
other arts and crafts of Shimla includes a huge collection of beaded
and metal jewellery .
Skating at Simla, c. 1905
Jakhu Temple in 1910
The culture of Shimla throwbacks religious, agnostic Kumauni
people with simple lifesty le liv ing away from the hustle and bustle of
metro cities.
Shimla has the largest natural ice skating rink in South Asia. The ice skating season usually begins in the start of
December and goes on till the end of February . The city has sporting v enues like the Indira Gandhi Rajy a Khel Parisar,
the main sports complex. Further out from the city is the Naldehra nine-hole golf course, the oldest of its kind in
India. [5 5 ] Kufri is a ski resort (winter only ) located 19 kilometres (11.8 mi) from the main city .
Education
The city has 13 anganwadis and 64 primary schools. [1 8 ] There are many schools from the British era. Some of the
A folk celebration in Shimla
popular conv ent schools in the city are Bishop Cotton School, St. Edward's School, Shimla, Auckland House School,
Shimla Public School, Sacred Heart Conv ent, Tara Hall, Conv ent of Jesus & Mary (Chelsea). Other public schools
include Kendriy a Vidy alay a Jakhoo, DAV New Shimla, Hainault Public School, DAV Lakkar Bazaar, DAV Totu, Day anand Public School, Himalay an
International School and Chapslee Garden School. Bishop Cotton School and St. Edward's School, Shimla are for boy s only , whereas, Tara Hall and Conv ent
of Jesus & Mary (Chelsea) are for girls only .
The medical institutes in Shimla are Indira Gandhi Medical College. St. Bede's and Rajkiy a Kany a Maha Vidy alay a (RKMV) are girls-only colleges.
Gov ernment College, Sanjauli, and Gov ernment College Chaura Maidan are also located in the city . The Indian Institute of Adv anced Study , housed in the
Viceregal lodge, is a residential centre for research in Humanities, Indian culture, religion and social and natural sciences. The Himachal Pradesh
Univ ersity (state Univ ersity of himachal Pradesh) is also located in Shimla. Himachal Pradesh Univ ersity Business School (HPUBS) and Univ ersity Institute
of Information Technology , Himachal Pradesh Univ ersity (UIIT), a premier technical education institute, are also located here.
There is one priv ate univ ersity by the name of APG (Alakh Prakash Goy al) Shimla Univ ersity . It was awarded as the Best Univ ersity in Hills by Assocham
India. [5 6 ][5 7 ]
Shimla has two state libraries with a collection of ov er 47 ,000 old books div ided between them. The one at Gandhi
Bhav an in the univ ersity has ov er 40,000 books and the other library , also a heritage building on the ridge, has
7 ,000. [5 8 ]
Other institutes of higher education and research located in Shimla are the Central Potato Research Institute, a
member of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and National Academy of Audit and Accounts for
training of officers of the Indian Audits and Accounts Serv ice (IA&AS).
Places of interest
The Mall: The Mall is the main shopping street of Shimla. It has many restaurants, clubs, banks, bars, post offices
and tourist offices. The Gaiety Theatre is situated there.
The Ridge: The Ridge is a large open space, which is situated alongside the Mall Road and hosts all the cultural
activities in the city. Christ Church, The State Library and Gaiety Heritage Cultural Complex are some of the notable
buildings located here.
Christ Church: Situated on the Ridge, Christ Church is the second oldest church in Northern India. Inside there are
stained glass windows which represent faith, hope, charity, fortitude, patience and humility. Side view of Christ Church Shimla
Jakhoo: 2 km from Shimla, at a height of 8,000 ft, Jakhu Hill is the highest peak in the city and has views of the city from Mall Road
and of the snow-covered Himalayas. At the top of the hill is an old temple of Lord Hanuman, a Hindu deity which is
popular among tourists and locals alike. A 108 feet (33 metre) statue of Lord Hanuman, at 8,500 feet (2,591
metres) above sea level, is the statue standing at the highest altitude among several other masterpieces in the
world, overtaking the Christ Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[59]
Jakhu Ropeway: This ropeway connects Jakhu temple to the ridge ground and is the first ropeway in Shimla.[60]
Badi ki dhar: Badi Dhar is situated at an altitude of 6781 feet above sea level. Beautiful sights of Shimla can be
seen from the top of the hill. The place is famous for its Lord Shiva temple and annual fair which is organised on
14/15 June.
Jutogh: Located 8 km from the city centre, this army cantonment is near Tutu, an important suburb of Shimla
city.
Shimla State Museum: The museum, which was opened in 1974, has tried to protect hill-out and the cultural
wealth of the state. There is a collection of miniature Pahari paintings, sculptures, bronzes wood-carvings and
also costumes, textiles and jewellery of the region. Public library on The Ridge
Indian Institute of Advanced Study: This institute is housed at the former Viceregal Lodge, built in 1884–88.
Summer Hill: The township of Summer Hill is at a height of 6,500 ft on the Shimla-Kalka railway line. Mahatma
Gandhi lived in these quiet surroundings during his visits to Shimla. Himachal Pradesh University is situated here.
Annandale: Developed as the racecourse of Shimla, Annandale is 2–4 km from the Ridge at a height of 6,117 ft. It is now used by the Indian Army.
Tara Devi: 11 km from the Shimla bus-stand. Tara Devi Hill has a temple dedicated to the goddess of stars on top of the hill. There is a military Dairy Town here as
well as the headquarters of Bharat Scouts and Guides.
Sankat Mochan: It is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman.
Junga: Junga is nearest Tehsil, 26 km from Shimla. Its original name (with diacritics) is "Jūnga", and it is a former royal retreat of the princely state of Keonthal. It
is known as the Keonthal Estate.
Anand Vilas: Midway between Shimla and Junga. "Sarva Dharma Mandir", Temple of all faiths,
is a spiritual group dedicated to Mother Nature. Thousands of visitors and devotees come here
every year. There is an "Art is Values" school with pupils from all over India. Classes are
provided free of cost.
Totu: A major suburb of Shimla on NH-88. Houses Jutogh railway station & HimFed under Govt.
of Himachal Pradesh.
Mashobra: 13 km from Shimla, site of the annual Sipi fair in June. Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital at Shimla
Kufri: 16 km from Shimla at a height of 8,600 ft, Kufri is the local winter sports centre, and has
a small zoo.
Chharabra: 13 km from Shimla on route to Kufri.
Naldehra: 22 km from Shimla, with a nine-hole Naldehra Golf Club. The annual Sipi fair in June is held in Naldehra.
Chail: Situated at 45 kilometers from Shimla, Chail was built as summer retreat by the Maharaja of Patiala during the
British Raj, it is known for the world’s highest cricket ground at a height of 7220 feet situated in the cantonment area.
Sanjauli: The main suburb of Shimla.

Rashtrapati Niwas
Shimla
The Ridge, covered in snow

Transport
Local transport in Shimla is by bus or priv ate v ehicles. Buses ply frequently on the circular road surrounding the
city centre. Like any other growing city , Shimla is also expanding with new habitats in the v icinity .Transport
serv ices in these areas are also expanding rapidly . Tourist taxis are also an option for out of town trips. Locals
ty pically trav erse the city on foot. Priv ate v ehicles are prohibited on the Mall, Ridge and nearby markets. Due to
narrow roads and steep slopes, the auto rickshaws which are common in other Indian cities are largely absent.
Road
Shimla is well-connected by road network to all major cities in north India and to all major towns and district
Christ Church on the Ridge
headquarters within the state. National Highway 22 (NH 22) connects Shimla to the nearest big city of Chandigarh.
Distance between major towns and Shimla:
Kalka: 90 km
Chandigarh: 120 km
Ambala: 165 km
Patiala: 172 km
Bathinda: 330 km
Amritsar: 342 km
Panipat: 275 km
Delhi: 380 km
Dehradun: 227 km
Jammu: 482 km
Agra: 568 km
Jaipur: 629 km
Haridwar: 278 km Mall Road, Shimla seen from the
Srinagar: 787 km Scandal point
Pithoragarh: 703 km
Kolkata: 1460 km
Mumbai: 1742 km
Kanya Kumari: 2500;km
Air
Shimla Airport is situated at Jubbarhatti, 23 kilometres (14 mi) from the city . [6 1 ] Regular flights to Delhi operate
from the airport. The nearest major airport is Chandigarh Airport in Chandigarh about 116 km away . Catholic Church
Rail
The scenic Kalka Shimla Railway , a narrow gauge track, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records for the steepest
rise in altitude in a distance of 96 km. [6 2 ] Kalka, the plains rail terminus, has daily departures to major Indian
cities. The city has a total of three railway stations with Shimla the main station and two others located at Summer
Hill and Totu (Jutogh) respectiv ely . It was built to connect Shimla, the summer capital of India during the British
Raj, with the Indian rail sy stem. The route is famous for its scenery and improbable construction.
In 2007 , the gov ernment of Himachal Pradesh declared the railway a heritage property . [6 3 ] For about a week
starting on 11 September 2007 , an expert team from UNESCO v isited the railway to rev iew and inspect it for
Naldehra Golf Club on hilltop, Shimla
possible selection as a World Heritage Site. On 8 July 2008, the Kalka–Shimla Railway was listed as the World
Heritage Site. [6 4 ] alongside Darjeeling Himalay an Railway , Nilgiri Mountain Railway , and Chhatrapati Shiv aji
Terminus. [6 5 ]
Media and communications
State-owned All India Radio and Reliance Broadcast owned 95.0 BIG FM hav e local radio stations in Shimla, which
transmits v arious programmes of mass interest. Apart from a wide range of other national and international TV
channels of different languages, the national TV broadcaster Doordarshan also broadcast channels like DD Shimla,
DD National and DD Sports in the city . There are a number of priv ate FM radio channels like 95.0 BIG FM and
Radio Mirchi.
Amar Ujala, [6 6 ] Divya Himachal, Punjab Kesari, and Dainik Bhaskar are the widely circulated Hindi dailies while
The Tribune, The Times of India, Hindustan Times and Indian Express are popular English newspapers in the city .
ShimlaTimes[6 7 ] , Himachal Abhi Abhi, We Are Himachali[6 8 ] are the online news portals published from Shimla.
Chail palace, located near shimla
Notable people born in Shimla

Ashish R Mohan, film director
Manvinder Singh Banga, businessman, former CEO, fund manager
Shahid Javed Burki, Pakistani economist, born during British rule
Charlie Chauhan, television actress
Raja Dina Nath, Sikh Khalsa Diwan member
Rubina Dilaik, television actress
Guy Penrose Gibson, WWII RAF aviator, VC
Horatio Boileau Goad, British policeman and former secretary of the municipal corporation of Shimla
Samuel Boileau Goad, one of the principal property owners in Shimla
National Highway 22 connects Shimla to
Robin Jackman, former England cricket player the city of Chandigarh.
Celina Jaitley, Bollywood actress
Preneet Kaur, Indian aristocrat of Patiala and Kashmir dynasties, former Minister for External Affairs
M.M. Kaye, novelist
Rahat Kazmi, Pakistani television actor
Anupam Kher, Bollywood actor
Ram Kumar, painter
Ankit Love, leader of the One Love Party, Great Britain
Jamila Massey, British actress
Meghna Pant, author and feminist
Asghar Qadir, Pakistani cosmologist
Sadiq Hussain Qureshi, Governor of Punjab, Pakistan
Shimla railway station
Sheila Ramani, Miss Shimla
Shafqat Rana, Pakistani test cricketer
Anwar Shemza, Kashmiri writer and radio broadcaster
Asmita Sood, television actress

Shakti Singh, Bollywood actor
Simranjit Singh Mann, Sikh politician
Hanif Ramay, former Chief Minister of Punjab
Idries Shah, writer on Sufism
Salmaan Taseer, Pakistani businessman
Nirmal Verma, Hindi writer
Priety Zinta, Bollywood actress
Motilal Rajvansh, Bollywood actor
Notable people educated in Shimla

Mayank Anand, actor, author, designer Anupam Kher, Bollywood actor
Mohammad Hamid Ansari,former Vice-President Of India Jamal Khwaja, Indian philosopher
Ajaypal Singh Banga, CEO of MasterCard Naina Lal Kidwai, businesswoman
Ruskin Bond, writer Amrish Puri, Bollywood actor
Zulfiqar Ali Bukhari, legendary broadcaster of All India Radio Akhtar Abdur Rehman, former director of ISI
Prem Chopra, Bollywood actor Partap Sharma, playwright
Pavan Choudary, former Vygon India CEO Asmita Sood, television actress
Mayank Dagar, IPL player, nephew of Virender Sehwag Meera Nair, filmmaker
Rubina Dilaik, television actress Fali Sam Nariman, Padma Vibhushan awarded international jurist
Reginald Dyer, known as the "Butcher of Amritsar" Pamela Rooks, director of Train to Pak istan
Chiragh Hasan Hasrat, Kashmiri Urdu poet Ratan Tata, industrialist, business mogul
Neetu Kapoor, Bollywood actress Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, ex-president of Pakistan
Hamid Karzai, president of Afghanistan from Lalpani Preity Zinta, Bollywood actress
Humayun Khan, Foreign Secretary of Pakistan Siddharth Chauhan, independent filmmaker
Sister cities
Sister relationships with towns and regions worldwide include:
Carbondale, Illinois, United States[69][70]
See also
Simla Agreement between India and Pakistan on 3 July 1972
Simla Accord (1913) was a treaty between Britain and Tibet signed in 1914 at the end of a convention held in Shimla. Although its legal status is disputed, it is
currently the effective boundary between China and India.
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61. "Shimla Airport, Airports Authority of India" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070521185016/http://www.airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/shimla.jsp). Archived from the
original (http://www.airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/shimla.jsp) on 21 May 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
62. "100 years of pine-scented travel" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031108/windows/main1.htm). The Tribune, Chandigarh, India. Retrieved 8 November 2003.
63. "HP declares Kalka–Shimla Railway as 'heritage' property" (http://www.andazresorts.com/thehindu/holnus/004200708130322.htm). The Hindu. 13 August 2007.
Retrieved 13 August 2007.
64. "Kalka–Shimla Railway makes it to Unesco's World Heritage list" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090625175612/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/07/09/
stories/2008070951530700.htm). The Hindu Business Line. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/07/09/stories/2008
070951530700.htm) on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
65. "Hill towns of India and their height" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181125162904/https://gyanpotli.info/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e
0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%b0-
%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95/). Admin. Archived from the original (https://gyanpotli.info/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a
4%b0%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%a8%e
0%a4%97%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95/) on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 25 Nov 2018.
66. "Hindi Newspapers" (http://www.amarujala.com/shimla). Amar Ujala. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
67. "Online Newspapers" (http://www.shimlatimes.in/). ShimlaTimes. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
68. "We Are Himachali - Online Encyclopedia of Himachal" (http://www.wearehimachali.in/). We Are Himachali. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
69. City of Carbondale (http://www.ci.carbondale.il.us/node/125) Archived (https://www.webcitation.org/6AUWa524K?url=http://www.ci.carbondale.il.us/node/125) 7
September 2012 at WebCite – Sister Cities
70. Sister-Cities.org (http://www.sister-cities.org/directory/index.cfm) Archived (https://www.webcitation.org/5QBwXMAoK?url=http://www.sister-cities.org/) 9 July 2007
at WebCite – International Directory
External links
Official website of Shimla district (http://hpshimla.gov.in/)
Shimla – Himachal Pradesh Tourism Guide (http://www.himachal.org.in/shimla.html)
Official website of Himachal Tourism (http://himachaltourism.gov.in)
Municipal Corporation Shimla (http://shimlamc.gov.in/page/Home.aspx)
Shimla travel guide from Wikivoyage
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This page was last edited on 20 February 2019, at 04:39 (UTC).
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Coordinates: 31°6′12″N 77°10′20″E

Geography Clockwise from top: Skyline at Shimla

Ochterlony in May 1815. In a diary entry dated 30 August Shyamala Devi[1]

take place after heav y rains. [1 9 ][2 4 ]

Climate data for Shimla (1971–2000)

There are elev en courts in the district including a fast-track court. [4 2 ]

Others include Christians and Jains

Carpet making of Shimla is a great attraction for the tourists.

Sanjauli: The main suburb of Shimla.

The Ridge, covered in snow

Distance between major towns and Shimla:

Media and communications

Notable people born in Shimla

Asmita Sood, television actress

Notable people educated in Shimla

Carbondale, Illinois, United States[69][70]

59. "Tallest high-altitude statue puts Shimla in the spotlight" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/tallest-highaltitude-statue-puts-shimla-in-the-spotlight/707360).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shimla&oldid=884203353"

This page was last edited on 20 February 2019, at 04:39 (UTC).

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