October Pes Preso PDF

PSYCHROMETRICS 101
NATIONAL CAPITAL CHAPTER ASHRAE

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2015
Jesse Fisher, PE
jfisher@wbengineering.com
What is psychrometrics?
The field of engineering concerned with the
determination of physical and thermodynamic
properties of gas-vapor mixtures.
Dry Air Water Vapor
• Mixture of gases. • Heat of Vaporization is

• 78% Nitrogen approximately 1000
• 21% Oxygen
BTU/lbm
• Standard Temp = 59°F • Maximum amount of

water in dry air is
• Standard Press = 14.7 psi function of temperature
• Sensible Heat and pressure.
• Saturation is the point of
equilibrium between
moist air and the
condensed water phase.
• Latent Heat
HVAC PSYCHROMETRICS
The Psychrometric Chart
HVAC Psychrometrics
Psychrometric Chart
55
0.20 0.25 0.30
SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt
0.35
90
50 1.30
200
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 in. HG 1.10
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
HUMIDITY RATIO (or Specific Humidity) GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85
ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

T
EN
35
VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

120 0.80
0.60
14.0
DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F
Chart by: HANDS DOWN SOFTWARE, www.handsdownsoftware.com
10 15 20 25
HVAC Psychrometrics
Psychrometric Properties
Psychrometric Properties of Air
• Dry Bulb
Temperature
• Wet Bulb
Temperature
• Dew Point
Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Humidity Ratio
Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) 55
• Units: °F
0.20 0.25 0.30
• T: Absolute temperature (R or K) 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• t: Relative Temperature (F or C) 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
- 1.15
45
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 Dry Bulb Temperature 45 0.30
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
Dry Bulb Temperature; °F

10 15 20 25
Wet Bulb Temperature (DBT) 55
• NOT adiabatic saturation temp.

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Units: °F 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
Wet Bulb Temperature 0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30 -
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Dew Point Temperature (DPT or DP) 55
• Temperature when condensation

0.20 0.25 0.30
occurs. 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• Units: °F 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
Dew Point Temperature; °F

dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
Dew Point Temperature - 0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Relative Humidity (RH) 55
• Unit less measure

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Ratio of W / WS 50
90 50%
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 50% 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
50% 110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60
50% 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50%
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
50%
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
50% 30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
50% 0.15
20 25
50% DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Humidity Ratio 55
• Mass Ratio: Water Vapor to Air

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Units: grains / lbm or lbm / lbm 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• W: Humidity Ratio 190 1.25
14.6
• WS: Saturated Humidity Ratio
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
Humidity Ratio; gr/lbm –or- lbm/lbm

160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
Humidity Ratio - 60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
HVAC Psychrometrics
“Other” Properties
Enthalpy (BTU/lbm) 55
• Total Energy; adiabatic saturation

0.20 0.25 0.30
temperature. 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• H = Sen + Lat 190 1.25
14.6
• Lines are parallel
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

Enthalpy 0.75
70
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
- 50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Specific Volume 55
• Cubic Feet Air / Pound Mass

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Measure of Density 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
Specific Volume 0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10
- 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Sensible Heat Ratio 55
• Defines the slop for the space

0.20 0.25 0.30
Sensible Heat Ratio

being served 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• QS / QT 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
Sensible Heat Ratio

. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
SHR = 0.6
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
- 5 0% SHR = 1.0 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
HVAC Psychrometrics
Determining State Points

Determining State Points 55
• Any condition can be fixed

0.20 0.25 0.30
on the chart with just two 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
properties. 190 1.25
14.6
• Every property can be
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
determined once the state

45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
point is fixed on the chart.
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

Outdoor Air: 95 DBT / 78 WBT
120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Return Air: 75 DBT & 50% RH 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
HVAC PSYCHROMETRICS
Psychrometric Processes
Mixing 55
• Process line connection the two

0.20 0.25 0.30
state points being mixed. 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• Mixed state point is 190 1.25
14.6
proportionally along the mixing
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
line.
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

Outdoor Air 120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
Mixed Air: 25% OA
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Return Air 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Heating 55
• Q=1.08 x CFM x Delta T

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Sensible Only Process 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
Mixed Winter Air Heating Supply Air
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Cooling 55
• QSEN=1.08 x CFM x Delta T

0.20 0.25 0.30
• QTOTAL=4.45 X CFM x Delta h 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• Cooling is sensible only until the 190 1.25
14.6
air is cooled below the DPT.
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 Summer Mixed Air
0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
Leaving Cooling Coil 5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Adiabatic Saturation 55
• Evaporative Cooling
0.20 0.25 0.30
• Evaporative Humidification 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• Constant enthalpy process 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
Evaporatively Cooled Supply Air 45
0.70
100
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
Hot & Dry OA 60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Humidification – Steam Injection 55
• Adds both sensible and latent

0.20 0.25 0.30
heat to the airstream. 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• Exact slope varies by selection. 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 Winter: Humidified Air 80 0.90

60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 Winter: Dry Air TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Energy Recovery: Sensible 55
• OA: 95/78 to 83/75

0.20 0.25 0.30
• EA: 75/63 to 89/67 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• DtOA = 12°F 190 1.25
14.6
• DhOA = 3.3 BTU/lbm
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35
Summer: Leaving OA Summer: Entering OA

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Summer: Entering EA Summer: Leaving EA 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Energy Recovery: Sensible 55
• OA: 10/9 to 49/34

0.20 0.25 0.30
• EA: 70/53 to 33/32 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• DtOA = 39°F 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 Winter: Entering EA 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
Winter: Leaving EA 30 35 0.20

32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
r: Entering OA Winter: Leaving OA 10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Heat Recovery Performance
Energy Recovery: Total 55
• OA: 95/78 to 83/71

0.20 0.25 0.30
• EA: 75/64 to 89/74 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• DtOA = 12°F 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

Summer OA: Entering 120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 Summer EA: Leaving 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
Summer OA: Leaving 0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
Summer EA: Entering 0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Energy Recovery: Total 55
• OA: 0/0 to 46/45.2

0.20 0.25 0.30
• EA: 75/64 to 28.2/28.2 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
• DtOA = 46°F 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
Winter EA: Entering 0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
Winter OA: Leaving 40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30Winter EA: Leaving
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Enthalpy Wheel Performance
HVAC PSYCHROMETRICS
Psychrometrics of Systems
HVAC Psychrometrics
DRAWING A SYSTEM
Drawing a System 55
• Identify the Outdoor Air Condition

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Identify the Return Air Condition 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed t
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Return Air 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
%
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Drawing a System 55
• Draw the mixing line between both

0.20 0.25 0.30
state points. 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• Locate the mixed air condition based 190 1.25
14.6
on OA percentage.
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed t
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
0.55
13.6
60 Mixed Air: 20% OA 80 0.90

60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Return Air 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
%
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Drawing a System 55
• Draw the cooling coil curve

0.20 0.25 0.30
down to the leaving cooling 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
coil condition. 190 1.25
14.6
• Does not quite reach
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
saturation; most
45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed
psychrometric charts have
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
cooling coil lines.
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
0.55
13.6
60 Mixed Air: 20% OA 80 0.90

60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Return Air 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
Leaving Cooling Coil %
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Drawing a System 55
• The leaving cooling coil

0.20 0.25 0.30
condition, in the draw through 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
system, is not the supply air 190 1.25
14.6
temperature.
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
• Fan heat is a sensible only

45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed
heating process.
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
0.55
13.6
60 Mixed Air: 20% OA 80 0.90

60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Return Air 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
- Supply Air Temperature %
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Drawing a System 55
• Close the system.

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Be careful and follow the 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
sensible heat ratio slope from 190 1.25
14.6
your load calculations.
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
• DO NOT just close the system

45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed
loop.
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
0.55
13.6
60 Mixed Air: 20% OA 80 0.90

60
Space Condition 0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Return Air 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Drawing a System 55
• Iterate to determine system

0.20 0.25 0.30
conditions. 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• Sometimes you will find that 190 1.25
14.6
the space conditions are
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
outside acceptable design

45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed
conditions.
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
70
% Mixed Air: 20% OA 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
ReturnCondition
Space Air 0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
HVAC Psychrometrics
AIR SIDE SYSTEM ANALYSIS

AIR SIDE SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Common Equations
QSensible = 1.08 x CFM x Dt [BTU/hr]

QLatent = 0.68 x CFM x Dw Change [BTU/hr]
QTotal = 4.45 x CFM x Dh [BTU/hr]
QTotal = Qsensible + QLatent

Constant Air Volume (CAV): 55
Design Day - Auditorium

0.20 0.25 0.30
• High (60%) space RH at design 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
day. 190 1.25
14.6
• Design loads are with lights on.
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed t
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
Mixed Air: 25% OA 90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
ReturnCondition
Space Air 0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
CAV - Off Design: No Reheat 55
• Lights turned off.

0.20 0.25 0.30
• CAV adjusts SAT for temperature 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
control. 190 1.25
14.6
• Results in 73% RH in the space.
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed t
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
50% Load Space Condition 100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
ReturnCondition
Space Air 0.55
13.6
60
- 50% Load SAT 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
CAV - Off Design: With Reheat 55
• Lights turned off.

0.20 0.25 0.30
• CAV adjusts SAT for temperature 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
control. 190 1.25
14.6
• Reheat coil kicks in for humidity
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
control.
45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed t
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
ReturnCondition
-Space Air 0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
- - 50% Load SAT
%
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Air System – Plenum Return 55
• Air Side Delta T increased.

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Airflow decreased. 50
90
200
0.35
1.30
• Same Coil Capacity. 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ure
oist
170
m
ed t
14.4
55
ocia
160 1.05
as s
0.45
- °F
80
80
and
E
UR
1.00
air
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
MP
0.95
er lb
0.50
TE
WE
TB
14.2
140
LB
up
ULB
BU
TEM
- Bt
0.90
PER
T
75
Y
ATU
WE
75 50
ALP
RE 130 0.55
- °F 0.85

TH
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70
0.85
Mixed Air: 25% OA 0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 Rm T Return Temperature 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
LC Supply Air Temp %
50 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40%
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30% 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Face and Bypass Cooling Coil 55
• Airstream splits through coil.

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Mixing of fully condition and 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
unconditioned air. 190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

120 0.80
0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
Entering Cooling Coil 0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
Leaving Cooling Coil
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Min OA Cooling Coil 55
• Staged Coil Control

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Cools and Dehumidifies OA 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
before Return Air 190 1.25
14.6
• Provides dry supply air
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
temperatures at part load.

45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 Return Air 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
Leaving Coil
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit 55
• Total Energy Recovery

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Integral exhaust fan 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 Exhaust Air 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
Entering Coil 0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
- Return Air 60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 LCC Supply Temp 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Energy Recovery AHU 55
• Total Energy Recovery

0.20 0.25 0.30
• 25% Outdoor air 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
OA: Post ERU
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
% Mixed Air
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
Return Air 0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
5 0% 60 0.40
- SAT
50
50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
45 0.30
45
13.0
40
40 35 0.25
30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
High Latent Cooling AHU 55
• Space Design: 68°F & 35% RH

0.20 0.25 0.30
• Chilled Water: 45°F 50

90
200
0.35
1.30
190 1.25
14.6
85
85
14.8
15.0
1.20
180 0.40
45 1.15
ureist
170
mo
ted
55
14.4
ocia
160 1.05
ass
0.45
- °F
80
80
nd
E
ir a
UR
1.00
AT
40 150
dry
ER
. of
P
0.95
EM
er lb
WE 0.50
BT
T
14.2
BU 140
up
LB
UL
T
- Bt
EM 0.90
TB
75 PER
LPY
ATU
WE
75 50
RE 130 0.55
HA
- °F 0.85

T
EN
35

0.60
14.0

70 0.75
110 70 0.65
%
90
30 0.70
0.70
100 45
13.8
0.65
%
0.75
80
65
65
90 0.80 0.60
25
%
70 0.85
0.55
13.6
60 80 0.90
60
0.95 0.50
%
60 70
1.00
20 40

55 0.45
13.4
55
- Lvg Regen
5 0% 60 0.40
50
Lvg Cooling Coil 50
15 0.35
13.2
50
40 %
Mixed Air Lvg Preheat
45 0.30
45
13.0
Return Air 40
40 35 0.25
Lvg Wheel 30 % 40
35
12.8
30 35 0.20
32
10 30
20% 30
12.6
0.15
20 25
DITY 20 0.10
25 TIVE HUMI
10% RELA
10 10 0.05
0 30
20
0
30 40 50 60 STANDARD AIR 70 80 90 100 110 115
10 15 20 25
Questions?
THANK YOU!
Jesse Fisher, PE
Jfisher@wbengineering.com

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PSYCHROMETRICS 101

NATIONAL CAPITAL CHAPTER ASHRAE

• Mixture of gases. • Heat of Vaporization is

• Standard Temp = 59°F • Maximum amount of

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

• t: Relative Temperature (F or C) 190 1.25

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

Dry Bulb Temperature; °F

• NOT adiabatic saturation temp.

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

• Temperature when condensation

• Units: °F 190 1.25

Dew Point Temperature; °F

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

• Unit less measure

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

• Mass Ratio: Water Vapor to Air

• Units: grains / lbm or lbm / lbm 50

• W: Humidity Ratio 190 1.25

Humidity Ratio; gr/lbm –or- lbm/lbm

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

• Total Energy; adiabatic saturation

• H = Sen + Lat 190 1.25

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

• Cubic Feet Air / Pound Mass

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

• Defines the slop for the space

Sensible Heat Ratio

Sensible Heat Ratio

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE - °F

SENSIBLE HEAT RATIO = Qs / Qt

Determining State Points

• Any condition can be fixed

on the chart with just two 50

properties. 190 1.25

determined once the state

ENTHALPY - Btu per lb. of dry air and associated moisture