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Sarah Hamrick

Professor Joyce Barnes

English Composition 1201

16 March 2019

Annotated Bibliography

The purpose of my essay is to discover why the United States does not have Universal

Healthcare. Being the only rich, well developed country without it, why is that? What steps are

being taken, if any to put Universal Healthcare in place?

Boudreau, Richard. “The Plausibility of Universal Health Care in the United States.”

OMICS International, OMICS International, 24 Mar. 2017, www.omicsonline.org/open-

access/the-plausibility-of-universal-health-care-in-the-united-states-2155-9627-

1000298.php?aid=87185.

The author, Richard Boudreau, extensively talks about the probability of Universal Healthcare

in America. He touched base on the steps that have been taken place such as the infamous

ObamaCare. The United States spends $2 trillion dollars on healthcare annually, yet the

spending only reaches 10 percent of the American population. One of the main reasons this

healthcare is not in place is the battle it has between Republicans and Democrats in the

government.

Richard Boudreau wrote this article to educate those who do not know a lot about America’s

healthcare situation and then persuade the audience why they should be on his side. It is clear

the author wants America to move towards Universal Healthcare, making this a perfect article.
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The writer is Richard Boudreau and he is an attorney in bioethics at Loyola Marymount

University. The author clearly has the information with facts, opinions, personal experience, and

data.

I will use this article in my final paper by using the important statistics there are such as the fact

that poor people pay 33% more than their annual income in healthcare. This will help to

understand why America has not implemented Universal Healthcare when things like that are

happening.

Cohn, Jonathan. "It Is Possible for the United States to Achieve Universal Health Care

While Protecting Scientific Innovation." Universal Health Care, edited by Susan C.

Hunnicutt, Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in

Context,

http://link.galegroup.com.sinclair.ohionet.org/apps/doc/EJ3010668229/OVIC?u=dayt304

01&sid=OVIC&xid=a238c87f. Accessed 27 Feb. 2019. Originally published as

"Creative Destruction: The Best Case Against Universal Health Care," The New

Republic, 12 Nov. 2007.

This article was written to talk about the likelihood of innovation in health thriving if universal

healthcare were to take place. The article was written to talk about parkinson’s disease, and the

expensive treatments that go along with it. The author takes sides that the United States must

put the people first before scientific discoveries as we can still rely on the rest of the world for

that.

The author’s purpose for writing this article was to shed light on all of the reasons why we may

not have Universal Healthcare such as the long lines to be treated or the less amount of
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innovation and then to create a counter argument as to why we should. I believe that because his

buddy has Parkinson’s, his opinions on Universal Healthcare are much more strong.

The author is Jonathan Cohn, a senior editor for the New Republic magazine. He takes

healthcare plans that are proposed and criticizes them. The source is reliable as he uses personal

experience to justify himself.

This article will help me with the other side of the argument. The why nots. Cohn brings up

numerous times reasons others believe the united states shouldn’t have universal healthcare and

that is important to address as well.

Moore, Gregory A. “Why Universal Healthcare Is a Trend in the U.S.” International

Journal of the Academic Business World, vol. 12, no. 1, Spring 2018, pp. 103–106.

EBSCOhost,

sinclair.ohionet.org:80/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=bth&AN=130038951&site=eds-live

The article is here to state facts. Why Universal Healthcare is becoming more and more talked

about. Gregory Moore touches on how one of the reasons we don’t have universal healthcare yet

is because the government finds no reason to put young, healthy people under it. After Bernie

Sanders publicly said he wanted universal healthcare, only his supporters supported him, not

even his democratic buddies. It was stated young people want universal healthcare because they

are not scared of what their parents and grandparents have been told in their lifespan. Another

reason there is no Universal Healthcare is because of the drug company lobbyists that pay

government officials to reject the idea so everyone can keep making money and profiting.
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The writer’s purpose of this piece is to really just inform those as to why universal healthcare has

recently become such a hot topic. The audience is anyone that is interested in this topic. I believe

that the author thinks universal healthcare in the united states is inevitable and it is more of a

when question rather than if.

The author is Gregory Moore. He is a professor of Health and Human Performance at Austin

Peay State University. He is credible as it relates straight to what he professes in.

This article will help me write my paper because it gives the pinpoint of it will happen, just when

due to the younger generations. Having every angle is important to a good paper.

Nichols, John. “'Single Payer Is a Rational Health-Care System': An Exclusive Interview

With Bernie Sanders on His 'Medicare for All' Plan.” The Nation, 18 Sept. 2017,

www.thenation.com/article/single-payer-is-a-rational-health-care-system-an-exclusive-

interview-with-bernie-sanders-on-his-medicare-for-all-plan/.

This is an interview done with Bernie Sanders, a very well known advocate for a single-payer

healthcare. Bernie has came up with a campaign called “medicare for all” and has been

consigned by quite a few big name democrats. Donald Trump originally in his presidential

campaign said he would have a go at taking down pharmaceutical companies, making healthcare

more affordable but he has not done so. Single-payer healthcare would increase taxes but overall,

cost less money for the average american. They would not have to pay their yearly allowance for

healthcare.

The author’s purpose was to share the interview they had with Bernie Sanders and his view on

healthcare. The audience is anyone interested in what Bernie Sanders as to say. This is a new and
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upcoming campaign so I believe the author wanted to address is so more people could

understand.

The author is John Nichols, a journalist at The Nation. The author is credible because they are

taking word for word descriptions of what was asked and what Bernie Sanders responded with.

This in turn makes the source reliable, it’s Bernie Sanders himself.

I plan to use this article in my paper because it discusses how steps are being made to make

universal healthcare happen and what is holding them back from advancing in such a manner.

Tanner, Michael D. “Universal Health Care Not Best Option.” Cato Institute, 23 Feb.

2009, www.cato.org/publications/commentary/universal-health-care-not-best-option.

Universal healthcare does not ensure access for all. There are waiting lists for coverage, rationing

of care, and a limitation to the medical teams you can visit. Even though countries with

Universal Healthcare coverage spend less money for health, they still face tax increases and

budget deficits. According to the author, the European countries are figuring out how to move

more towards what the united states has in place now.

The author’s purpose for the article was to persuade those that universal healthcare is bad for the

united states by showing examples of why it is bad in European countries that have that setup. It

is clear the author believes against universal healthcare and we should stick to what we have.

The author is Michael D. Tanner, a Cato Institute Editor. The piece is credible because he uses

pieces of examples from what countries in Europe are facing with backlash.

I will use this article to show why America should not have universal healthcare. This gives me

the counterargument that I need to show all sides of the topic.

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“3 Reasons the U.S. Doesn't Have Universal Health Coverage.” U.S. News & World

Report, U.S. News & World Report, www.usnews.com/news/national-

news/articles/2016-10-26/3-reasons-the-us-doesnt-have-universal-health-coverage.

America remains the only industrialized democracy without universal healthcare. Even though

we spend the most on healthcare, we still have the worst health outcomes such as a lower life

expectancy, higher infant deaths, and obesity. Due to a survey, americans believe coverage for

the sick from the government is not the government’s responsibility. There was so much

backlash over the Affordable Care Act that no one wants the full effect. The insurance

companies lobby so much that it would be a betrayal of their money.

The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell the audience why America does not have

universal healthcare.The audience for this piece would be for those that are asking the same

question as me. They wrote this context not necessarily taking a side but just wondering why.

The author is Timothy Callaghan, a professor at Texas A&M. He is credible because he is a

professor and the article itself is credible because he just lists why America has yet to implement

universal healthcare.

This will help me write my paper because it gives explicit reasons on why america has not taken

action to put single-payer healthcare in place yet.

Gro Harlem Brundtland and Jimmy Carter. “Jimmy Carter: America Needs Universal

Health Coverage.” Time, Time, 8 Nov. 2017, time.com/5012163/universal-health-

coverage-national-scandal/.

One of the United Nations’ goals is to achieve universal healthcare across the globe. About 20

million americans got coverage with ObamaCare. But 28 million more were uninsured. 26,000
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Americans died early due to lack of coverage. The lobbyists have lobbied for years to maintain

their best interests and it has worked. ObamaCare did not let insurance companies reject people

due to previous conditions. 60 percent of Americans want coverage to spread to all americans.

Ohio is moving to state funded healthcare so yay.

The author’s purpose of writing this article is to persuade the audience as to why America needs

universal healthcare. The audience is Time magazine readers and they obviously believe that

america is in desperate need of single-payer healthcare.

The authors are Jimmy Carter and Gro Harlem. Jimmy Carter is the former president of the

united states and Gro Harlem is a former Prime Minister of Norway. They are important people.

Jimmy Carter was the president so his information is valid which makes this source credible.

This will be used in my paper to help understand what more needs to be done to put universal

healthcare coverage in place.