GENETICALLY MODIFIED SEEDS

SPECIAL CASE : BT COTTON

 INTRODUCTION TO GENETICALLY MODIFIED
SEEDS

• Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been
modified using genetic engineering methods.

• In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally
in the species. resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction
of spoilage
 INTRODUCTION TO BT COTTON

• Strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce over 200 different Bt toxins, each
harmful to different insects.

• Most notably, Bt toxins are insecticidal tothe larvae of moths and butterflies, beetles, cotton
bollworms and ghtu flies but are harmless to other forms of life.

• The gene coding for Bt toxin has been inserted into cotton as a transgene, causing it to
produce this natural insecticide in its tissues.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
PRODUCTIVITY OF BT COTTON
 ADVANTAGE

• Reduction in insecticide use in the cultivation of BT cotton in which boll worms are
major pests.

• Reduction in environmental pollution by the use of insectides.

• Decreases number of suicides.

• Increased the number of production.
 DISADVANTAGE

• High cost of Bt cotton seeds as compared to non Bt cotton seeds.

• Effectiveness up to 120 days, after that the toxin producing efficiency of the Bt gene
drastically reduces.

• Ineffective against sucking pests like jassids, aphids, whitefly etc.

 MECHANISM
• Bt cotton was created through the addition of genes encoding toxin crystals in the Cry group
of endotoxin.
• When insects attack and eat the cotton plant the Cry toxins are dissolved due to the high pH
level of the insect's stomach.
• The dissolved and activated Cry molecules bond to cadherin- like proteins on cells
comprising the brush border molecules.
• The epithelium of the brush border membranes.
• The cry toxin Attach on Cadherin like proteins present on epithelial cells of the midge.
• Ion channels are formed which allow the flow of potassium.

• Potassium concentration is essential.

• If left unchecked, causes death of cells.

• Potassium ions is lost and results in the death of epithelial cells.

• The death of such cells creates gaps in the brush border membrane.
HISTORICAL NOTE
SOCIAL ISSUES
 RELIGIOUS ASPECTS
• Islam: Islam too forbids eating of pork, and Islamic scholars have also raised concern about
the theoretical production of foods with genes from pigs.
• Judaism: One perspective emphasizes that humanity was created in God's image and this
means that humanity can "partner with God in the perfection of everything in the world," and
therefore Jewish law accepts genetic engineering to save and prolong human life as well as
increase thequality or quantity of the world's food supply.
• Islam against GMO: Voices in opposition to GMOs argue, based on the Quran, that there is
no need for genetic modification of food crops because God created everything
perfectlyand man does not have any right to manipulate anything that God has created nor
to tamper with it.
• Catholics: The Catholic Church is Not against the Use of Biotechnology in Agriculture But
Simply Advocates Prudence and Regulation.
• Thank you

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Maneesh reddy (316)
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Venkat sai ram (318)
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Sainath. (322)
Jacinth. (323)