CIVICS

2 MARKS

Moderates?

Dadabhai naroji, gopala krishna gokhale, surendranath baneerji are the important moderate leaders.

The moderate leaders adopted peaceful and constitutional methods in articulating their demands.

Extremist methods?

Boycotting of British goods and using indian goods.

Boycotting government officers and encouraging Indian education.

Gandhian phase?

Gandhiji adopted unique techniques of satyagraha with great courage and confidence based on trditional
methods of protest.

He organized many moments against the british such as Non co-operation moment, Civil disobedience
moment and Quit India moment.

Drafting comittee?

The constituent assembly set up with Dr.B.R.Ambedkar as its chairman.

After careful consideration of the draft between 14 Nov 1949 to 26 Nov 1949, the constitution of india was
adopted finally it came into existence from 26 Jan 1950.

Universal Adult Franchise?

All Indian citizens without any discrimination based on caste, color, creed, race, religion, region....etc
excepting age criteria will enjoy this right.

The voting age in India between 1950 and 1987 was 21 years. Later it was reduced to 18 years.

Gandhian principles?

To organize village panchayats and endow them with adequate powers so as to enable them to function as
units of self-government.

To strive for the promotion of cottage industries on individual or co-operative basis in ruaral areas.

Socialistic Principle?

Provision of adequate means of livelihood.

Equal pay for equal work for both and women.

Any four fundamental duties?

To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.

To respect the constitution, the national flag and the national anthem.
To safeguard public property and oppose violence.

To provide educational oppurtunities by the parent or the gaurdian to his child between the age of 6 and 14 years.

Electoral college and its members?

The president of India is elected by an electoral college.

The electoral college consist of elected members of (a) both houses of parliament, (b) state legislative assembly (c)the
elected members of legislative assemblies of Delhi and Pondicherry.

Composition of Union council of ministers?

India has the 3 ministry consisting of cabinet ministers, minister of state and the deputy minister.