The 3rd ISST 2017 – International Seminar on Science and Technology – ITS

Surabaya, 3 August 2017

Research Field :Architecture

Daylighting Performance of Various Layout

Alternatives in an Open Building Apartment in
Surabaya
M.L.Hendrik A. Dinapradipta S.N.N.Ekasiwi
postgraduate Architecture ITS department of Architecture ITS department of Architecture ITS
mariahendrik.mh@gmail.com asridinapradipta@gmail.com nastiti@arch.its.ac.id

Abstract- Utilization of natural light in an open building
apartment is one of several ways to save energy. Not
only saving energy but it also sustains healthy life of the
occupants. This paper discusses the effect of layout
alternatives mainly due to the potential changing
arrangement of the bedrooms and the position of
transparent window surfaces on daylighting
performance i.e illuminance distribution and averages
of illuminance. The Method used in this paper is
experimental method using Radiance 1.02 simulation as
a tool. The changed layout in which is the bedroom
spaces posited concentrated on one window side of space
with two separated transparent windows provides good
result with percentage of area fulfills the standards
equals to 29%.
Index Terms – Daylighting, apartment, open building,
humid tropic climate, layout
INTRODUCTION
Open building is a concept of buildings that has design
idea where the users can act as professionals in making
design decisions. This design is a fix design that cannot
be changed by the users, while infill (fit-out level), is a
part where the user can freely change and determine the
interior of the building, and determine also the extent of
flexible space layout in accordance to their needs (1).
In the frame of the concept of an open building,
occupants are allowed to change the space layout as
needed. Problem of daylighting may arise when the space
gets deeper and more partitions are given. Arjmandi
investigate the residential building of an apartment in
Iran, the result shows that the amount of light is reduced
in the inner space due to the limited space and window
area (2). Lee Ji-Eun and Lee Kang Up investigate that
WWR must be different in every dwelling to be able to
create a similar daylight environment (3). Concurrent with
that, the paper tries to see the daylight performance of
these layout variations with some considerations i.e: the
configuration of space and the position of the transparent
window area. Several literature studies were used in this
study for finding out the variation of alternative layouts
and position of windows on the facade. Then, these
several layout alternatives found were simulated in order
to see the effect of these on daylighting performance.
METHOD
The method used in this research is experimental
method. Radiance 1.02 simulation program was used to
calculate daylighting performance. The building modeling
was done using Ecotect Analysis 2011 program. This
research used a base case model of an open building
model which is already exist. That is next21 apartment in
Japan. One apartment unit of Next21 building was
choosed to represent an apartment unit in Surabaya. That
was a unit of 302, which has 2 : 1 in ratio, and has
transparent windows located on one side of the façade
(figure 1).
FIGURE 1. LAYOUT UNIT HUNIAN APARTEMEN NEXT21
 RESULT
From the analysis of space layout on apartment
precedents in Surabaya, and by categorizing these based
on the pattern of spatial relationship, zoning, and activity,
and space that mostly needs natural light (ie. The
bedrooms), two variations of layout were suggested.
These were two variations with two bedrooms (A2 and
A3 models) and three positions of transparent windows,
i.e one window, two separated windows, and three
separated windows with WWR of 20% (figure 2 and
figure 3).
BC A2
A3
FIGURE 2. LAYOUT VARIATIONS
Figure 3 shows the position of transparent window x
(1 window), y (2 windows), z (3 windows) on the facade,
with 20% of WWR.
x y z living area can distribute evenly and reach until the
FIGURE 3. TRANSPARENT WINDOW POSITIONS
Simulation results on the variations show that the
daylight distribution, and the average illuminance in the
base case is better than the other cases. The point area that
met the standard reaches 50% from the total of 75 points
measured, although there was still a problem of high
contrast of illuminance between the area near the
transparent window and that at the rearmost space area. In
the A2 variation, where the location of the bedroom is in
the corner of the room and the central area of living room
is an open space, with the combination of the three
positions of the transparent windows (A2x model), the
daylight is distributed quite evenly (figure 4).
BC A2x
FIGURE 4. LIGHT DISTRIBUTION IN BASE CASE (BC) AND
IN A2X VARIATION
Although the distribution of daylight in the A2x
variation was quite good, it experienced a decrease in the
points that fulfill the standard i.e 26% from the base case
condition. Compared to the A2y variation where the
distribution decreased by only 16% (from 40% to 24%)
and A2z by 6% (from 31% to 25%). Meanwhile, the
variation of A3z was the condition with the worst
performance in the distribution of illuminance
performance (figure 5).
FIGURE 5. LIGHT DISTRIBUTION IN BASE CASE (BC) AND
VARIATION A3Z
In A3z variation, the space position was changed to the
condition where the two bedrooms are placed along with
the transparent window area (Figure 5). As a result, the
light distribution in the deepest area was not so good, the
points that met the standard decreases by 14% from the
base case (31% to 17%).
CONCLUSION
In an open building, spatial layout pattern with
bedroom placement on one side of the room and with a
one transparent window concentrated at the center of the
room (A2x variation), provides a better light distribution,
because in other transparent windows placed at the open
deepest areas, the percentage of areas that meet the
standard up to 29%. While changing the position of the
space by dividing or partioning the area near the
transparent window area, will decrease the daylighting
performance at the deepest areas of the room. The
situation will even worsen when the apartment unit has
limited window area that potential as being sources of
daylight at the open living room area (variation A3).
REFERENCES
[1] Kendall, S and Teicher, J. (2000). Residential Open building.
E & FN Spon. London and New York.
[2] Arjmandi H, dkk (2010). “Application of Transparency to
Increase Day-Lighting Level of Interior Spaces of Dwellings in
Tehran - A Lesson from the Past”. Department of Architecture,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA
[3] Ji-Eun Lee and Kang Up Lee. (2014). “The Study on the
Elevation Design of Apartments Incorporating Daylight
Performance”. IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and
Technology, Vol. 6, No. 1