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 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ GHFHPEDU 


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GDMH SURL]YR_Da WDEHOD  ]D DPELMHQWDOQH XVORYH L] LVWH WDEHOH θY =
°& EH] YHWUD L VD GLUHNWQLP VXQaHYLP ]UDaHZHP 

1D SULPHU  N9 6.6 [ PP



$O PRCH X ]LPVNRP SHULRGX XRaL 1RYH
JRGLQH GD VH RSWHUHWL

,GR]=  ⋅ ,QG  ⋅   $ ≈  09$ 

5H]XOWDWL SURUDaXQD ]D GR]YRTHQD VWUXMQD RSWHUH`HZD 6.6D X YUHPHQX


PDNVLPDOQRJ JRGL^ZHJ RSWHUH`HZD NRQ]XPD ]LPVNL SHULRG GDWL VX X
WDEHOL 3UD ,GR]=  ⋅ ,QG  =D VWDOQR LQGXVWULMVNR RSWHUH`HZH PRUD
GD VH XYDCL IDNWRU XWLFDMD GLUHNWQRJ VXQaHYRJ ]UDaHZD L WDGD
RGJRYDUDMX`H YUHGQRVWL L] WDEHOH 3UD WUHED SRGHOLWL XPDZLWL
NRHILFLMHQWRP N]V  LOL SRPQRCLWL NRHILFLMHQWRP   7UHED

GHFHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73

QDUDYQR LPDWL X YLGX L GUXJH NULWHULMXPH NDR SDGRYH QDSRQD GXC YRGD L
JXELWNH VQDJH LWG DOL RYGH DQDOL]LUDPR VDPR WHUPLaNH PRJX`QRVWL
RSWHUH`LYDZD 6.6D
7DEHOD 3UD 'R]YRTHQD RSWHUH`HZD 6.6D X ]LPVNRP SHULRGX

3UHVHN GR]YRTHQD VWUXMD  GR]YRTHQD VQDJD


SURYRGQLND
2  N9  N9  N9  N9
[mm ]
[A] [kW*] [A] [MVA] [A] [MVA] [A] [MVA]
       
        
       
θY = °& ν =  PV θ3 = °& N]V  GLVWULEXWLYQL NRQ]XP
EH] GLUHNWQRJ VXQaHYRJ ]UDaHZD FRV ϕ 

E 6UHGZD GQHYQD WHPSHUDWXUD X OHWZLP PHVHFLPD L]QRVL θY ≤ °& ^WR


VDGUCL RGUH_HQX UH]HUYX X VPLVOX VLJXUQRVWL MHU EURM ´WURSVNLKµ GDQD VD
RYRP WHPSHUDWXURP ]D SRGUXaMH 6UELMH QLMH YHOLNL LVSRG   6D GUXJH
VWUDQH L X OHWZLP PHVHFLPD PRCH GD VH UDaXQD GD EU]LQD YHWUD
L]QRVL ν  PV SD VDaLQLRFL SURPHQH GR]YRTHQLK VWUXMQLK RSWHUH
`HZD 6.6D X OHWZLP PHVHFLPD SUHPD WDaNDPD  L  L]QRVH
NθY  NY 

8 OHWZHP SHULRGX MXQ  VHSWHPEDU WUHED UDaXQDWL GD 6.6 EXGH L]ORCHQ


GLUHNWQRP VXQaHYRP ]UDaHZX QH]DYLVQR GD OL MH UHa R SURPHQTLYRP
GLVWULEXWLYQRP LOL VWDOQRP LQGXVWULMVNRP RSWHUH`HZX SD XVYDMDPR
NV] 
3UHPD WRPH GR]YRTHQR VWUXMQR RSWHUH`HZH X OHWZHP SHULRGX L]QRVL
, GR]/ = N RS ⋅ N θY ⋅ N ν ⋅ N V] ⋅ , QG =  ⋅  ⋅  ⋅  ⋅ ,QG =  ⋅ , QG ≈  ⋅ , GR]=

1D SULPHU  N9 6.6 [ 


PP $O PRCH X OHWZHP SHULRGX GD VH RSWHUHWL
,GR]/  ⋅ ,QG  ⋅   $ ≈  09$ 

5H]XOWDWL SURUDaXQD ]D GR]YRTHQD VWUXMQD RSWHUH`HZD 6.6D X OHWZHP


SHULRGX GDWL VX X WDEHOL 3UE ,GR]/  ⋅ ,QG  QH]DYLVQR GD OL MH UHa R
SURPHQTLYRP GLVWULEXWLYQRP LOL VWDOQRP LQGXVWULMVNRP RSWHUH`HZX
7DEHOD 3UE 'R]YRTHQD RSWHUH`HZD 6.6D X OHWZHP SHULRGX

3UHVHN GR]YRTHQD VWUXMD GR]YRTHQD VQDJD


SURYRGQLND
2  N9  N9  N9  N9
[mm ]
[A] [kW] [A] [MVA] [A] [MVA] [A] [MVA]
       
        
       
θY = °& ν =  PV θ3 = °& N]V  GLUHNWQR VXQaHYR ]UDaHZH

Y =D VSRTD^ZL NX`QL SULNTXaDN RG VWXED GR QRVDaD SULNTXaND YLGL


WDaNX  X 73 YDCL VYH ^WR MH UHaHQR SRG D ]D QDG]HPQL YRG SD

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ GHFHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73

GR]YRTHQR VWUXMQR RSWHUH`HZH VSRTD^ZHJ NX`QRJ SULNTXaND X


]LPVNRP SHULRGX L]QRVL
,GR]=  ⋅ ,QG  ⋅   $ ≈  N: 

0H_XWLP XQXWUD^ZL SULNTXaDN VH L]YRGL NUR] FHY XNRSDQX X VSRTD^ZL


]LG SD X ]LPVNRP SHULRGX PRCHPR GD XVYRMLPR VOHGH`H SDUDPHWUH XQX
WUD^ZL SULNTXaDN MH ]DNORZHQ RG YHWUD L GLUHNWQRJ VXQaHYRJ ]UDaHZD 
• θY = °& SD VDaLQLODF NθY L]QRVL NθY 
• QHPD YHWUD ν =  PV SD VDaLQLODF NY L]QRVL NY 
• QHPD VXQaHYRJ ]UDaHZD SD VDaLQLODF NV] L]QRVL N]V 
3UHPD WRPH GR]YRTHQR VWUXMQR RSWHUH`HZH XQXWUD^ZHJ NX`QRJ SUL
NTXaND X ]LPVNRP SHULRGX L]QRVL
,GR]= = N RS ⋅ N θY ⋅ N ν ⋅ N ]V ⋅ ,QG = ⋅  ⋅ ⋅  ⋅ ,QG =  ⋅ ,QG

3R^WR VH NX`QL SULNTXaDN L]YRGL NDR MHGLQVWYHQ RG SULNTXaQRJ PHVWD QD


VWXEX GR PHUQRJ UD]YRGQRJ RUPDQD PHURGDYQR MH GLPHQ]LRQLVDZH SUHPD
XQXWUD^ZHP SULNTXaNX WDNR GD GR]YRTHQR VWUXMQR RSWHUH`HZH X ]LP
VNRP SHULRGX NX`QRJ SULNTXaND ;$ [ PP L]QRVL
,GR]=  ⋅ ,QG  ⋅   $ ≈  N: 

GHFHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73

 =$>7,7$ 6.6D
 =D^WLWD RG VWUXMQRJ SUHRSWHUH`HZD L NUDWNRJ VSRMD QLVNRQDSRQ
VNRJ YRGD L]YHGHQRJ 11 6.6RP YU^L VH QLVNRQDSRQVNLP YLVRNR
XaLQVNLP RVLJXUDaLPD NRML VH QDOD]H QD SRaHWNX YRGD X QLVNRQDSRQ
VNRP UD]YRGQRP aYRUL^WX WUDQVIRUPDWRUVND VWDQLFD 
8 WDEHOL  GDWH VX YUHGQRVWL QD]QDaHQLK VWUXMD WRSTLYLK XPHWD
ND RVLJXUDaD X ]DYLVQRVWL RG SUHVHND ID]QLK SURYRGQLND 11 6.6D
7DEHOD  9LVRNRXaLQVNL RVLJXUDaL ]D ]D^WLWX 11 6.6D
2
3UHVHN 11 6.6D [mm ]   
1D]QDaHQD VWUXMD RVLJXUDaD [A]   

 =D^WLWD QDG]HPQRJ SULNTXaND RG NUDWNRJ VSRMD L]YRGL VH


RVLJXUDaLPD QD SRaHWNX SULNTXaND QD VWXEX DNR RGJRYDUDMX`D
]D^WLWD X UD]YRGQRP aYRUL^WX WUDVQVIRUPDWRUVND VWDQLFD QH
^WLWL L SULNTXaDN RG NUDWNRJ VSRMD 2VLJXUDaL VH QH SRVWDYTDMX QD
VWXE DNR MH SULNTXaDN L]YHGHQ 6.6RP WLSD ;$ D PRQWDCD
SULNTXaND L]YHGHQD SUHPD 73
1DG]HPQL SULNTXaDN NRML QDSDMD REMHNDW RG ODNR ]DSDTLYRJ PDWHUL
MDOD VH REDYH]QR RVLJXUDYD QD VWXEX
 =D^WLWD SULNTXaND RG SUHRSWHUH`HZD L]YRGL VH WRSTLYLP LOL
DXWRPDWVNLP RVLJXUDaLPD RJUDQLaDYDa VWUXMH NRML VH SRVWDYTDMX QD
NUDM SULNTXaND GDNOH X PHUQR UD]YRGQRP RUPDQX 73 
 3UHNRVWUXMQD L ]HPTRVSRMQD ]D^WLWD 61 6.6D L]YRGL VH X VYHPX
SUHPD 73D (' 6UELMH SUL aHPX VH SULPHZXMX UH^HZD ]D SRG]HPQH
HQHUJHWVNH NDEORYH
 =D^WLWD 6.6D RG SUHQDSRQD SULPHZXMH VH X VNORSX HILNDVQLK
PHUD NRRUGLQDFLMH L]RODFLMH X PUHCL SRVWURMHZLPD L HOHNWULaQLP
LQVWDODFLMDPD 2VQRYQX ]D^WLWX RG SUHQDSRQD aLQH RGYRGQLFL
SUHQDSRQD =D ]D^WLWX 11 6.6D NRULVWH VH RGYRGQLFL SUHQDSRQD
QD]QDaHQH VWUXMH RGYRGD  N$ =D ]D^WLWX 61 6.6D NRULVWH VH
FLQNRNVLGQL =Q2 WDEHOD D LOL YHQWLOQL WDEHOD E RG
YRGQLFL SUHQDSRQD
2GYRGQLFL SUHQDSRQD VH SRVWDYTDMX
• QD SRaHWDN YRGD L WR ^WR EOLCH HQHUJHWVNRP WUDQVIRUPDWRUX
QDSRMQH WUDQVIRUPDWRUVNH VWDQLFH QDMERTH X] VDP WUDQVIRU
PDWRU 
• QD PHVWR SUHOD]D GXCH GHRQLFH YRGD L]YHGHQRJ 61 6.6RP X GHR
QLFX YRGD L]YHGHQX JROLP XCDGLPD
• QD NUDMX 11 SULNTXaND X SULNTXaQRP SURVWRUX PHUQR UD]YRGQRJ
RUPDQD 73 XVDPTHQRJ REMHNWD QD SRGUXaMX VD NHUDXQLaNLP
QLYRRP L]QDG  LOL QD 11 SULNTXaFLPD GUXJLK REMHNDWD JGH VH
LVNXVWYHQR SRNDCH RSUDYGDQRVW SULPHQH RGYRGQLND SUHQDSRQD
2GYRGQLNH SUHQDSRQD WUHED QDMNUD`LP SXWHP YH]DWL QD X]HPTLYDa
REMHNWD QDX NRPH VH RGYRGQLN QDOD]L X]HPTLYDa QDSRMQH WUDQVIRU
PDWRUVNH VWDQLFH REMHNDW VWXE 

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ GHFHPEDU 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73

7DEHOD D =Q2 RGYRGQLFL SUHQDSRQD X PUHCL  N9  N9 L  N9

0UHCD  N9  N9  N9
9UVWD WLS RGYRGQLND FLQNRNVLGQL =Q2
1D]QDaHQL QDSRQ 8U [kV]    
7UDMDQ UDGQL QDSRQ 8F [kV]    
.ODVD UDVWHUH`HZD YRGRP  LOL 
1D]QDaHQD VWUXMD ,Q [kA] 
 X L]RORYDQRM PUHCL  N9

7DEHOD E .DUDNWHULVWLNH YHQWLOQLK RGYRGQLND SUHQDSRQD

3RGDFL R RGYRGQLNX SUHQDSRQD


1D]QDaHQL 1DMPDZL
1D]QDaHQL 1DMYH`L XGDUQL
QDSRQ SURUDGQL
QDSRQ 6.6D QDSRQ UHDJRYDZD
RGYRGQLND QDSRQ  +]
[8R8] [kV]
[kV] [kV]
 N9   
 N9   
 N9   
 N9   

 8=(04(:( , =$>7,7$ 2' ,1',5(.712* '2',5$


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VH SRVHEQL X]HPTLYDaL QLWL VH SUHGX]LPDMX QHNH SRVHEQH PHUH
]D^WLWH RG LQGLUHNWQRJ GRGLUD EH] RE]LUD QD PHVWR XJUDGZH VWXED
,]X]HWQR SRVHEQL X]HPTLYDaL VWXERYD VH L]YRGH X VOHGH`LP
VOXaDMHYLPD
D =D SUYH VWXERYH GR 76    N9 DNR VH X]HPTLYDaL RYLK VWXERYD
NRULVWH NDR UDGQR X]HPTHZH 76 %URM VWXERYD ]D NRMH VH L]YRGH
X]HPTLYDaL L ZLKRYH GLPHQ]LMH ]DYLVH RG ORNDOQLK XVORYD L
YUHGQRVWL RWSRUQRVWL UDGQRJ X]HPTHZD NRMH VH CHOL SRVWL`L 73
L 73  1RVH`L QHXWUDOQL SURYRGQLN 11 6.6D VH QD VYDNRP WDNYRP
VWXEX SRYH]XMH VD X]HPTLYDaHP VWXED SUHNR ]HPTRYRGD L VDELUQRJ
]HPTRYRGD
E =D NUDMZL VWXE GXCH GHRQLFH SUHNR  P UDGLMDOQRJ YRGD QD
SULPHU X VOXaDMX SULPHQH 71 VLVWHPD  NDGD VH L]YRGL SUVWHQDVWL
X]HPTLYDa SROXSUHaQLND QDMPDZH  P QD NRML VH YH]XMX QRVH`L
QHXWUDOQL SURYRGQLN 11 6.6D L ]HPTRYRG RGYRGQLND SUHQDSRQD
DNR VH QDOD]H QD VWXEX 
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UDGH VH SRVHEQL X]HPTLYDaL QLWL VH SUHGX]LPDMX QHNH SRVHEQH
PHUH ]D^WLWH RG LQGLUHNWQRJ GRGLUD ,]X]HWQR SRVHEQL X]HP
TLYDaL VWXERYD VH L]YRGH X VOHGH`LP VOXaDMHYLPD
D QD VWXEX QD NRPH VH QDOD]H RGYRGQLFL SUHQDSRQD
E QD VWXEX QD NRPH VH X]HPTXMH QRVH`H XCH 61 6.6D WDaND  
Y QD VWXEX QD NRPH VH 61 6.6 MDYTD QHL]RORYDQR

GHFHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73

'LPHQ]LRQLVDZH X]HPTLYDaD VWXERYD YU^L VH SUHPD 73


 1RVH`H XCH L HOHNWULaQH ]D^WLWH MHGQRCLOQLK NDEORYD 61 6.6D
SULNTXaXMX VH QD ]D^WLWQD X]HPTHZD WUDQVIRUPDWRUVNLK VWDQLFD
NRMH SRYH]XMH WDM 61 6.6 ,]X]HWQR DNR  N9 6.6 L  N9 6.6 SR
YH]XMH 76   N9 VD VDPR MHGQRP 76    N9 D SURUDaXQRP
LOL PHUHZHP VH XWYUGL GD SRVWRML RSDVQRVW RG L]QR^HZD RSDVQLK
SRWHQFLMDOD L] L]YRUQH 76 WDGD QRVH`H XCH L HOHNWULaQH ]D^WLWH
RVWDMX L]RORYDQL X RGQRVX QD X]HPTHZH 76   N9 73 
 61 6.6 WLSD ;+( 2$ SRVUHGQR GHOXMH NDR X]HPTLYDa MHU
SRPR`X HOHNWULaQH ]D^WLWH SRYH]XMH X]HPTLYDaH VXVHGQLK WUDQV
IRUPDWRUVNLK VWDQLFD
9UHGQRVW RWSRUQRVWL UDVSURVWLUDZD NDEOD 5N NDR X]HPTLYDaD
X WUDQVIRUPDWRUVNRM VWDQLFL NDGD NDEO SRYH]XMH GYH LOL YL^H
VXVHGQLK WUDQVIRUPDWRUVNLK VWDQLFD    N9 VD X]HPTLYDaLPD
RWSRUQRVWL UDVSURVWLUDZD  Ω GR  Ω SUL ρ ≤  ΩP L]QRVL SUL
EOLCQR 5N ≈  Ω
'D EL VH XUDaXQDR HIHNDW VPDZHZD LPSHGDQVH VLVWHPD X]HPTHZD
MHGQH WUDQVIRUPDWRUVNH VWDQLFH ]ERJ XWLFDMD X]HPTLYDaD VXVHGQLK
WUDQVIRUPDWRUVNLK VWDQLFD GXC YRGD L]YHGHQRJ 61 6.6RP PRUD
GD EXGH REH]EH_HQD SRX]GDQD JDOYDQVND YH]D HOHNWULaQLK ]D^WLWD
VXVHGQLK GHRQLFD YRGD QD NDEORYVNLP VSRMQLFDPD ]DYU^QLFDPD L X
WUDQVIRUPDWRUVNLP VWDQLFDPD 2YD JDOYDQVND YH]D VH SURYHUDYD
SRVOH ]DYU^HQH PRQWDCH NDEORYVNH VSRMQLFH LOL ]DYU^QLFH D X
WRNX HNVSORDWDFLMH QDMPDZH MHGDQSXW X  JRGLQD
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MH L]YHGHQ 61 6.6RP NRML MH X QRUPDOQRP SRJRQX YH]DQ ]D 76
  N9 PRUD GD VH YRGL UDaXQD L R PRJX`QRVWL L]QR^HZH
RSDVQLK SRWHQFLMDOD L] RYH 76 YLGL SRJODYTH  X 73 
 .URYQL QRVDa 11 6.6D QD NURYX RG HOHNWULaQR SURYRGQRJ PDWHUL
MDOD PRUD GD EXGH L]RORYDQ X RGQRVX QD NURY 1LMH GR]YRTHQD JDO
YDQVND YH]D QHXWUDOQRJ SURYRGQLND VD NURYQLP QRVDaHP

 75$163257 , 2'027$9$:( 6.6D


 6.6 VH WUDQVSRUWXMH QD NDOHPX ,]X]HWQR NRPDG 6.6D PRCH GD VH
WUDQVSRUWXMH X QDPRWDQRP NROXWX SRG XVORYRP GD VH QH SUHNRUDaH
GR]YRTHQL SROXSUHaQLFL VDYLMDZD WDaND  
 =D LVWRYDU 6.6D NRULVWL VH GL]DOLFD YLTX^NDU UDPSD LWG
 .DOHP PRUD GD VH SRVWDYL X YHUWLNDODQ SRORCDM NRULVWH`L RGJR
YDUDMX`H SRGPHWDaH L GD VH RVLJXUD RG VSRQWDQRJ SRNUHWDZD
 .RWUTDZH GUYHQRJ NDOHPD QLMH GR]YRTHQR RVLP QD NUD`LP GHRQL
FDPD QD SULPHU SUL LVWRYDUX  .RWUTDZH MH GR]YRTHQR VDPR X
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6.6 VH RGPRWDYD UDYQRPHUQLP SRYODaHZHP VD JRUZH VWUDQH

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ GHFHPEDU 


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QDG]HPQLK YRGRYD
6O OLVW 6)5- EU 
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QDG]HPQLK YRGRYD VDPRQRVH`LP NDEORYVNLP VQRSRP
6O OLVW 65- EU 
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1& 
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 7HKQLaNH SUHSRUXNH (36(' 6UELMH

GHFHPEDU  7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ 


(/(.752',675,%8&,-$ 65%,-( 73

6$'5#$-

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6WU
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 ,]ERU QLVNRQDSRQVNRJ 6.6D  N9 
 ,]ERU VUHGZHQDSRQVNRJ 6.6D  N9  N9 L  N9 
 3ULKYDWDZH 6.6D 
 6SDMDZH 6.6D 
 0RQWDCD 6.6D 
 3RODJDZH 11 6.6D SR IDVDGL ]JUDGH 
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 =D^WLWD 6.6D 
 8]HPTHZH L ]D^WLWD RG LQGLUHNWQRJ GRGLUD 
 7UDQVSRUW L RGPRWDYDZH 6.6D 

 7(+1,A.$ 35(3258.$ GHFHPEDU 

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