SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

1980 - 1993
By:
E.M. Morsy
Consultant and Director of Aloe Technology Association
(ATA)
. Phoenix, AZ USA

= Seventh Edition =
A subsidiary of
CITA International (USA)

o
, I

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

1980 - 1993
By:
E.M. Morsy
Consultant and Director of Aloe Technology Association
(ATA)
. Phoenix, AZ USA

= Seventh Edition =

A subsidiary of
CITA International (USA)
 ALOE VERA

ISBN 0-937425-26-5

PART I 1 - 151

CONTENTS PAGE

Preface ............................................................. . 1

1. The Aloe Plant .................................................. .

Uses of Aloes ............................................ . 6
Botanical Sources ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2. History and Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aloe and the Cultures of the World ........................... . 9

3. Growing the Aloe Plants .......................................... .

In the Open Fields ........................................ . 12
Growing the Aloe Plants Hydroponically ........................ . 13

4. Histology of the Aloe Leaf ........................................ . 15

5. The Healing Qualities ............................................ . 17

Other Medicinal Aloes ..................................... . 19
The Classical Pharmaceutical Aloe Resin ........................ . 1~
Gel Antimicrobial Activity. .................................. . 21
Aloe for Gastrointestinal Ulcers .... .. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Aloe, a Tumor Inhibitor? An approach ........................ . 23
Cases when Aloe shouldn't be used as a Drug .................... . 26

6. The Former and Current Official Stand of Aloe ........................ .

Preface ................................................. . 28
United States Pharmacopoeia XIX ............................ . 28
Benzoin Tincture ......................................... . 31
Benzoin Tincture Compound ................................ . 32
United State Dispensatory, USD .............................. . 33
Uses ............................................. . 34
Aloin ........................................... . 36

British Pharmacopoeia, B.P. . ................................ . 37

Aloin ............................................ . 41

Food and Drug Asministration, FDA 45

European Pharmacopoeia 47a

7. The Aloe Leaves and the Gel Exudation ....................... . 48

The Gel Exudation ........................................ . 49
The Aloe Gel- Physical Characteristics ......................... . 49
 ALOE VERA

CONTENTS PAGE

8. Study of the Chemical Composition of The Aloe Vera Gel ................ . 51

Aloin, Its Internal Consumption Mechanism ..................... . 52
Emodin ................................................ . 56
Quinones and Their Derivatives .............................. . 56
Anthraquinone Content of the Aloe Gel ........................ . 58

9. Study of The Nutritional Value of Aloe Vera Gel ....................... . 60

Gel Carbohydrates ........................................ . 60

10. Nutrients and The Aloe Gel ....................................... .

11. General Study of The Mineral Content of The Gel ...................... . 69

12. Contribution to The Knowledge of Aloe Vera .......................... . 73

Comparison Between The Nutritional Contents
of The Aloe Gel from Plants Grown in The Open Fields
and Plants Grown Inside Greenhouses Hydroponically ............. .

13. Technology of Processing The Aloe Vera Gel .......................... . 76

The Aloe Gel Enzymes, General Overlook ...................... . 76
Temperature ............................................. . 77
Browning - A Physical Phenomenon ........................... . 78
Browning - Its Inhibition by Processing - General Study ............ . 78
Physiochemical Views of The Aloe Gel Discoloration
(Darkening, Browning) ..................................... . 78
Browning - Mechanism ..................................... . 80
The Gel Products and Bacterial Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Processing Aloe Vera Leaves for Stabilization .................... . 87
Factors Affecting Stability of The Gel and Its Products ............. . 88
The Nutritive Degradation of The Gel ......................... . 88
Factors Affecting the Nutritional Value of The
Aloe Gel during Storage ................................... . 89
Anti-Oxidants Used for Stabilization ........................... . 90
Characteristics and General Study of The Anti-Oxident
Used on the Stabilization Process: ............................ . 91
Undesirable Effects of Heating The Aloe Gel During
Processing for Stability ..................................... . 102
Desirable Effects of The Heat Processing to The Gel .............. . 102
Heat Processing, General Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
What Happens to The Gel When It Is Heated? ................... . 104
Situations Encountered During Processing and Storage
of The Gel .............................................. . 106
Factors Influencing The Gel Degradation During Processing ......... . 107
The Influence of Some Food Ingredients ........................ . 107
Stability and Shelf Life General Study .......................... . 108
The Shelf Life of The Gel and Its Derivatives .................... . 108
Instability of The Gel and Its Derivatives ....................... . 110
14. The Aloe Industry in Practice ...................................... . 111-131
Aloe Gel as A Moisturizer and A Cosmetic Ingredient ............. .
Aloe Gel as a Drink ....................................... .
General Ingredient Information .............................. .
Flavors ................................................. .
Stabilized Orange Concentrate ............................... .
Xanthan Gum ............................................ .
Necessary Technical Information .............................. .
Sodium Sulfate ..................................... .
Sweeteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Color ............................................ .
Observations and Corrections Encountered When U sing
Colors ................................................. .
Citric Acid .............................................. .
Aloe Drink Preparation -- A Suggested Mixing Procedure: .......... .
Aloe Drinks, pH .......................................... .
Nutrient Fortification to Aloe Juice Drinks ...................... .
With Vitamins and Enzyme ........................... .
Packaging the Gel and Its Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storage of The Aloe Gel and Its Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ascorbic Acid During Storage of The Aloe Gel Products ............ .
The Concentrated Gel ...................................... .
Freeze-DriedAloe ........................................ .
Aloe Tincture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15. Aloe Cosmetic and Beverage Formulations ............................ . 132-151

Suggested Formulations for Aloe Drinks and Cosmetics: ............ .
Remarks Encountered in Reviewing and Preparing The
Following Formulations: ................................... .
Formulations ............................................ .

16. Lexicon ....................................................... .

17. Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART II 152-571

Aloe: Literature and Patent Search 1980-1993 152-571

KEYWORD INDEX ................................................... . 572-579

IPART 1
Pages 1 - 151

The Final Technical Report on Aloe vera:

Stabilization & processing far the Cosmetic,
Beverage and Foad Industries

E. M. MORSY
PREFACE
S inee Cleopa t r á's fl~ and Aloe ba t hing s and Chris top h de la Costa' s

eure-all Aloe ~lneoetion~ )ntil today' s beauty and health preparations,

the Aloe vera planthas proven effective.

The most useful portion of the plant is the leaf and the most use-
~
fuI portion o.f the leaf is. the clear, tasteless (~cilage .)( the gel or the
\<:=====--~/
juice), is photochemically sensitive and is liable to nutritional and

organoleptic degredation up6n exposure to.heat, light, air and also by ag-

ing. The gel is most effective medicinally when freshly ~~~ract~~_ªAg_

---- - ~ - - -- ~ -~- - - --- - --~ ~- -------~ ~-- ------ ---

directly applied to the skin or·consumed. The clear gel has shown medical

functionality in several skin, stomach and blood problems.

'ihen I think of the Aloe gel, I always think of the human saliva,

not only because of the physical similarities, but also for the healing

ability. Saliva could have possibly been man's first agent utilized to

cure burns and stings.

For skin disorders, burns and wounds, many other plants have been

used and proven to be a greater success than Aloe; however, these plants,
~ '" ..;:;~,~-;::-,,------.. . ~"\ ¡'V----4,~\..,.

such a,s,l comfr'ey, (','rosemary') and sage, \;"have not been readily available to
\, ), j-- '-~I
so many p'eople in difré-r~nt par-ts of the world, especially on a commer-

cial basis.

Several skin applications have been effectively prepared from the

Aloe gel. A successful home preparation for skin care is Aloe~~~_~~~~__

egg yolkwhich can be applied to the clean area of the skin. Slices of

the freshly peeled gel can be directly rested on skin (5 minutes) on

a bed of wa~~~ then used with water after. After bathing, gel

can be applied qirectly - scrubbed - to the skin, left on for 5' minutes

t h e n / 9lwith warm water. After shampooing, hair can be dressed with

I
the Aloe gel, covered \vith a warm towel (15 minutes to an hour) and then

1
rinsed and dried.

The(~rom the leaves, aloin, which is the bitter tasting,

'- ----~

strong smelling substance seen upon cuttin~ an Aloe leaf was used phar-

maceutically as a laxative and a purgative, since it enhances peristal-

siso We feel that the best way to use Aloe (leaves, gel) for nutri-

tious purposes is to eat the leaves directly, preferably after filet-

ing them and utilizing the clear mucilage.

Recipes for Aloe dishes and drinks for horne preparation are brief-

ed here: The clear mucilage can ~~~~')bY means of an electric blend-

er and stabilized with a few drops of lemon juice, then mixed with flour

or dried egg whites. The produced paste is applied to the freshly warm-

water washed face, leg, arm or any part of the body. The applied mixture

will be left on the skin for 5 minutes, then rinsed with water.

~~3 Aloe leaves_ were added to dishes with fish, shrimp and

veg e t ab 1 e s su c h as ieggpl~t, mus hrooms , toma toe s, onions, gr een oníon.

, ,,'-,-"'~- //~

carrots, alfalfa and celery.l Soy) sauce and oriental herbs such as (ginger)

have been used in Oriental food preparation; sliced Aloe leaves were add-~

ed to salads; Aloe gel was added to salad dressings, fried rice, soups

and ~egetables. Aloe gel and_~~_~~~~~~E-=a_~_,drink in the morn-

ing. Alcoholic drinks with Aloe, gin, vodka, milk and fruit juices have

been prepared.

The main purpose of this work is to supply the necessary-technical

and general information to those who are involved in the industries of

cosmetics, .beverage and food preparations.

2
THE ALOE PLANT

Stemless, perennial, succulent, long basil-leafed, soft, bright

green - sometirnes sl,ightly brownis"h, reddish or greyish, spiney-tooth-

ed, elongated, acute, in a rosette, and nurnerous in the one plant

(10-30), up to 1.5 feet long, 3 inches wide.

The plant can grow as high as 30 inches with stalks of about one

meter high (2-3 feet tall).

Flowers of the plants

-------------- and
are,C:~_e~~~ grow with different colors

in the spring (yellow flowers in the Aloe vera).

Aloe is a word that has ¿erived frorn an old Arabic word, Alloeh,

and has been Latinized to Aloe.

The average number of leaves per Aloe vera plant is fr0II!-___ ~~~~~

30, and these leaves can grow up to 30 inches long, three inches wide

and one inch thick. ~'¡hen harvestl-!1g_1eaves-tJ::o-mAloe veraplants-,

~---------

each plant can give Qut petween four _and six leaves -for eachhaIYe:st.
'-~------- rQ r) f;{a/<)
That means 15 "pou~ds 00f leaves per pla~~ __per _Z~~~;:-:" This amount can be
"'="-------------
increased, however, if the plants are grown hydroponically.

The Aloe vera plant belongs to drought resisting succulents which

means that it has the ability to store up large quantities of water in

its pulpy leaves. The Aloe plant has wide ranging roots. That's why,

when the plants reach a ~ertai~ ~e~re~ of growth, the watering should

be _~=-~~c~_,

As the Aloe vera plants grow, it is noticeable that little plants,

or suckers as they are called or offsets, are growing around each planto

~Vhen these offsets are ready to be transplanted, they should be~placed

in rap;dly draining sandy loamy soil.

5
 The basal, succulent, spiny toothed leaves of the Aloe vera

plant store large quantities of water during the rainy period and

thus are able to withstand long periods of drought.

AGAVE AND ALOES ARE ALIKE - BOTANICAL ANO HISTOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES:

They belong to two different families; (Agavaceae and Liliaceae);

however, they can grow together. The flowers of Aloes have superior

ovaries and thus are inferior to agaves. Aloes are not monocapric,

which means that they do not die after flowering. In Aloes the un-

opened buds are loosely folded, while in agaves they are compressed

tightly together. Aloes are smaller plants than agaves. They are

very similar morphologically. Agave (u-gah-vee).

USES OF ALOES

The juice or the gel, which is extracted by cutting the succu-

lent leaves whenl:~, used to be concentrated and dried; now it

\ /
can be stabilized ana then flavored, then it would be ready to use

either internally or topically on the skin, or incorporated into cos-

metic preparations.

When using the freshly split leaves of Aloe vera directly on the

skin, it is advisable to leave the extracts on the skin for about an

hour and then rinsed away with water.

In the United States, some cosmetics and medicines are prepared

from the gel or the juice of the leaves.

A preparation as a topical medication for burns: Many housewives

are reported to grow the Aloe barbadensis or the Aloe vera as a kitchen

6
 plant just to provide ahorne treatment for minor skin injuries. Aloe,

besides the medicinal uses, is al so used for decoration because of its

decorative foliage. The kind oí species used for decoration are Aloe

variegata, Aloe aristata and Aloe ciliaris. However, there are sorne

species that are used for fabric manufacturing because of their high

fiber content such as Aloe spicata. Sorne Aloes are also used for color

preparations.

BOTANICAL SOURCES

The Aloe plants belong to the Liliaceae or the lily family which

contains over 200 genera. Aloe, with its different species composes

l/10th the size of the liliaceae family.

Aloeneae is the tribe of the liliaceae family to which aloe genus

belong. According to different botanical sources, there are from ~25

to 380 different species and varieties of Aloe, approximacely 130 of

--------------~------- /
which gr~~__ ~n South Africa only.
,-------.---
Although Aloe vera and Aloe barbadensis are often mentioned as be-

ing synonomous, there are still few varieties where their exact botanical

limitations are not yet clear. Aloe barbadensis should not be confused

with Aloe babatiensis which is abundant in East Africa.

7
 Aloe vera
Recor ds of ancie nt knowl edge of the Egypt ians about

is avail able to us throug h the~~::-a,papyrus which was writte n in

rsity in Leipz ig.

the year 1552 B.C. and is kept no~~n the German Unive
s and Arner icans
Recor ds from ancie nt Egypt ians, Arab, Afric an, Asian
in which Aloes
have discu ssed the diffe rent uses and patho logic al cases

were admin istere d.

. The Greek s
Aloe was also menti oned in ancie nt Chine se trans cripts

knew Aloe throug h the India ns. .The Indian s also named Aloe "Ailw a"

from which the Greek word lid ~ot{' might have been derive
d.

tions in
Aloe was emplo yed medic inally for eczem atous skin condi
bar in India .
China and India under the names Luhui in China and Musab
to have been
The oldes t known pictu re of an Aloe plant is believ ed
in Turke y.
shown in color in a manu script prepa red at Istanb ul
and was used
Aloe was cultiv ated in Egypt thousa nds of years ago
befar e Chris t.
by the peopl e of the Medit errane an at least 400 years
ent. Nicod imus
Aloe is a1so menti oned in the Bible in the New Testam

broug ht a mixtu re of Myrrh and Aloes *and wrapp ed the

body of Jesus , and

then cover ed it with strip s of linen . John 19:39 and 40.

Indian peo-
The Arabs had taken Aloe vera plant s to India and the
word for aloe
pIe called it "sava ri", a name from which the Spani sh

"savi la" might have been derive d.

ae which was
Aloe was first il1us trated in the Codex Anici ae Julian

writte n aroun d the year 512 A.D. by Dicho tomou s.

about Aloe
The Greek physi cian Peter Pedan ius Diosc oriade s wrote
It might be worth
in his medic inal plant colle ction "mate rna medic a."

menti oning that the Greek s named the Aloe plant 'o' á \.:) r\ "

Vera . This
* There is no evide nce of this (Aloe s) to be Aloe tree!
from the wood of Aloe
may have poss ibly been a deriv ative
8
 The basal, succulent, spiny toothed leaves of the Aloe vera

plant store large quantities of water during the rainy period and

thus are able to withstand long periods of drought.

AGAVE AND ALOES ARE ALIKE - BOTANICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES:

They belong to two different families; (Agavaceae and Liliaceae);

however, they can grow together. The flowers of Aloes have superior

ovaries and thus are inferior to agaves. Aloes are not monocapric,

which means that they do not die after flowering. In Aloes the un-

opened buds are loosely folded, while in agaves they are compressed

tightly together. Aloes are smaller ·plants than agaves. They are

very similar morphologically. Agave (u-gah-vee).

USES OF ALOES

The juice or the gel, which is extracted by cutting the succu-

,;/~
lent leaves when l turgid), used to be concentrated and dried; now it
- /1
can be stabilized and tnen flavored, then it would be ready to use

either internally or topically on the skin, or incorporated into cos-

metic preparations.

When using the freshly split leaves of Aloe vera directly on the

skin, it is advisable to leave the extracts on the skin for about an

hour and then rinsed away with water.

In the United States, some cosmetics and medicines are prepared

from the gel or the juice of the leaves.

A preparation as a topical medication for burns: Many housewives

are reported to grow the Aloe barbadensis or the Aloe vera as a kitchen

6
plant just to províde ahorne treatment for minor skin injuries. Aloe,

besides the medicinal uses, is also used for decoratíon because of its

decorative foliage. The kind ofspeciesused for decoration are Aloe

variegata, Aloe aristata and Aloe ciliaris. However, there are sorne

species that are used for fabric manufacturing because of their high

fiber content such as Aloe spicata. Some Aloes are also used for color

preparations.

BOTANICAL SOURCES

The Aloe plants belong to the Liliaceae or the lily family which

contains over 200 genera. Aloe, with its different species composes

l/10th the size of the liliaceae family.

Aloeneae is the tribe of the liliaceae family to which aloe genus

belong. According to different botanical sources, there are from ~25

--
to 380 different species and varieties of Aloe, approximacely 130 of
---
which grow in South Africa only.
(~-------------------~---
Although Aloe vera and Aloe barbadensis are often rnentioned as be-

ing synonomous, there are still few varieties where their exact botanical

limitations are not yet clear. Aloe barbadensis should not be confused

with Aloe babatiensis which is abundant in East Africa.

7
 ut Alo e ver a
dge of the Eg ypt ian s abo
Rec ord s of anc ien t kno wle
was wr itte n in
ava ila ble to us thr oug h th e8 ¡,a py ru s wh ich
is
ive rsi ty in Lei pzi g.
kep t now in the Ger man Un
the yea r 155 2 B.C . and is
Asi ans and Am eric ans
ypt ian s, Ara b, Af ric an,
Rec ord s fro m anc ien t Eg
cas es in wh ich Alo es
ent use s and pat hol ogi cal
hav e dis cus sed the dif fer

wer e adm ini ste red .

rip ts. The Gre eks
e was als o me ntio ned in anc ien t Ch ine se tra nsc
Alo
ed Alo e "Ai lwa "
Alo e thr oug h the Ind ian s. .Th e Ind ian s als o nam
kne w
d.
fro m wh ich the Gre ek wo rd
"á ~Ot{1 mig ht hav e bee n der ive
n con dit ion s in
ina lly for ecz em ato us ski
Alo e was em plo yed me dic
Mu sab bar in Ind ia.
nam es Luh ui in Chi na and
Chi na and Ind ia und er the
to hav e bee n
est kno wn pic tur e of an Alo e pla nt is bel iev ed
The old
ul in Tur key .
cri pt pre par ed at Ist anb
sho wn in col or in a ma nus
and was use d
e was cul tiv ate d in Egy pt tho usa nds of yea rs ago
Alo
bef are Ch ris t.
peo ple of the Me dit err ane an at lea st 400 yea rs
by the
tam ent . Nic odi mu s
the Bib le in the New Tes
Alo e is als o me ntio ned in
the bod y of Jes us, and
rrh and Alo es *and wra ppe d
bro ugh t a mix tur e of My
ips of lin en. Joh n 19: 39 and 40.
the n cov ere d it wit h str
the lnd ian peo -
ver a pla nts to Ind ia and
The Ara bs had tak en Alo e
nis h wo rd for alo e
11
a nam e fro m wh ich the Spa
pIe cal led it "sa var i ,
der ive d.
"sa vil a" mig ht hav e bee n
ian ae wh ich was
e was fir st illu str ate d in the Cod ex An icia e Jul
Alo

512 A.D . by Dic hot om ous .

wr itte n aro und the yea r
te abo ut Alo e
Ped ani us Dio sco ria des wro
The Gre ek phy sic ian Pet er
lt mig ht be wo rth
lec tio n "m ate rna me dic a."
in his me dic ina l pla nt col
nam ed the Alo e pla nt "
á A.:) (\ \,
me ntio nin g tha t the Gre eks

e Ve ra. Th is
nc e of thi s (A loe s) to be Alo
* Th ere is no ev ide
bee n a de riv ati ve fro m the
wo od oi Alo e tre e!
ma y hav e po ssi bly

8
HISTORY
Aloe was mentioned in the writings of the Latin writer, Aurelius

Celsus, who wrote a book about medicine and called it "De Medicina,"

which appeared for the first time in the year 1378. Aurelius Celsus

was a well-known writer in agriculture and medicine.

In America, Aloe was mentioned in Columbus' journals. The earliest

record of using Aloe's bitter material as a drug in America was in 1697.

Aloe at that time was derived from Aloe succotrina which used to be in-

ported from the Island of Socotra and hence was later named Aloe Suc-

cotrina.

ALOE AND THE CULTURES OF THE WORLD

In Arabic, the Aloe plant is called "sabbar", an Arabic word that

means burden bearer, and also means "patient," thus derived from the

original word "sabbir," meaning "patience" and often used to mean

"bitter," which shows a rather interesting significance between the

two meanings - "bitterness" and "patience" in the name of the planto

The Arabs used to sling Aloe plants on their house doors, supposed-

ly to prevent evil from entering •• The plants will stay green and alive

for a long time and even flower; hence, Arabs called the plant "sabbar,"

which means the "patient plant."

Among mothers of some Egyptian villagers, even up to a few years

ago, the mothers used to use the Aloe bitter sap to wean their children,

since mast Egyptian mothers breast feed their infants. The idea was

to make the child start to gradually dislike his mother's breast, which

has became disagreeably bitter-tasting after it has been moistened by

the Aloe bitter sapo

9
 Egyptians, who have a long relationship with Aloes, still grow

the plants around graveyards to symbolize the "patience" to some of

them the longsuffering from losing the deceased persone

The Gala, a hematic tribe who live now in Ethiopia and Somalia

in East Africa grow the plants around the graves and they believe that

when the plants flower, the deceased has been admitted to heaven!

Hindus, people of North India, interestingly practice the tradi-

tion of feeding their newborn children a little of -Aloe mixed with

honey in a golden spoon. It is normally administered by the fathers.

It is supposed to'help discharging the meconium!

Abu-Hanifa described Aloes in the 9th Century as "plants with

yellow flowers, very thick leaves". The leaves are crushed and thrown

into the presses and trodden with the feet until the juice flows. Then

it is left until it is thickened in leather bags and exposed to the sun

until it dries.

Christoph de la Costa had proposed the following prescription:

Aloe vera sliced with salt, heated to boil over gentle fire, then strain-

ed, little sugar added, let cool,and then to be taken cold internally

in the morning.

In 1893 there was a preparation from Aloe that was described in

the Pharmacographia Indica. The preparation was described as follows:

a mixture of worm wood, jatamesi, chiretta, cinnamon, cassia, herba

schoenenthi, asarum and mastich t,o be boiled, then strained and mixed

with the powdered Aloe, and then a solution will be made and drank in

the morning.

10
 British Medical Association issued a couple of books called

"Secret Remedies, What They Cost and What They Contain," in 1909

through 1912. Many of the drugs that were mentioned contained-Aloes.

Some of these drugs were: Hugh's Black Pi11s, Gloria Pil1s, Graziona

Reducing Treatment, Mother Siege1's Curative Syrup and Tab1et-45. The

Aloe content of these was used as the active agent in conjunction with
~c ~~'"
a few other ingredients, such as' ~ and l';~aweed~)
.... ~-----_ ... ~.-

LANDS ~mERE ALOES GROW ABUNDANTLY Southern U.S. (Texas ana Flori-
da) , North Africa, Ethiopia, Madigascar, At1antic Islands, India, So--
/
/-----~-=~~
,,~

malia, Uganda, China~ Venezuela, Barbados, South Africa, Zanzibar,

\,,- " :://
---------~
Socotra Island, New Guinea, Brazil, Malasia, Phillipines, Cape Verde

Islands, Santo Antao Island, Canary Islands, Madeira Is1and, Tanzania,

Eritria and the Canary Is1ands

11
GROWING ALOE PLANTS
IN THE OPEN FIELDS

The Aloe vera plants can be grown from seeds. Seeds may be

sown in late winter or spring in a well-drained sandy soíl mixture.

It can also be planted by taking cuttings, which is the simplest

method of propagation. This will mean that the suckers (the small

shoots which develop at the base of the plants), can be detached

and then transplanted in the summer in a sandy, loamy soil, and that

has been the most popular method of growing Aloe vera plants commer-

cially today.

If the plants have to be transferred or transported somewhere

within two or three years of their age, the old roots should be cut

off before transplanting.

The plants in the open fields should be watered in the summer

only as soon as the soil becomes fairly dry. They require very little

water in the months of September to March.

In the open fields, Aloes grow healthy in a well-drained soil

that contains a small percentage of limestone. One acre of land will

be wide enough for 3500 plants if they are spaced two feet aparto

The Aloe vera plants thrive in warm, dry clima tes such as the Med-

iterranean regíon, South Afríca and southwest of the United States.

SOIL

Porous, coarse sandy-loamy, well-draíned soíl should not be over-

watered (watering every two weeks ís suffícíent). The soíl should al-

ways be between dry and slightly wet.

12
 Occas ional fertil izatio n (prefe rably not very rich
in nitrog en)
may be requi red.

Sunsh ine can hurt the plant s, depen ding on the tempe
rature , de-
gree of humid ity and the soil water conten to Shadi ng ato~the plant s
has been found effec tive in some areas when tempe rature
was very high
and humid ity was low.

GROWING THE ALOE PLANTS HYDROPONICALLY

Green house cultiv ation - a.sunn y green house with a

minimum winte r
tempe rature of 45 o , or even sligh tly less, will suit
the growi ng of
Aloe vera plant s hydro ponic ally. Temp eratur e insid e the green house s
in the night should be from SOoC to 60 0 C and in the
daytim e betwe en
SSoC and 7S o C. Exces sive atmos pheric humid ity, espec ially
in the winte r,
shoul d be avoid ed.

Insid e green house s the air should be as dry as possi

ble all the
time. Insid e green house s, no shadin g is requi red. Full expos ure to
sunli ght impro ves leave s' color ing.

PESTS

The Aloes are occas ional ly attack ed by scale insec ts

which are
;7 -===----'~-
best remov ed by bando They also suffe r from~in the heart ,

which devel ops very quick ly and does much damag e if

not dealt with at
once. The prese nce of the pest is recog nized by the white
c-
wax seen
betwe en the leave s. If possi ble, infec ted plant s should be remov ed

until cured as the pest may spread rapid ly from plant

to planto rt
can be contr olled by the use of an insec ticide , eithe
r in the form of
powde r when it is blown into the heart and left for
a few days, or in

13
the liquid form when the space between the leaves should be flooded

and the pest washed out. Otherwise the waxy coating may prevent the

insects being wetted by the insecticide.

1 [¡
HISTOLOGY
Histology of the Aloe leaves: the outer cover of the leaves is

the epidermis whích contains a well-developed cuticle, and it is com-

posed of stomata. Beneath the epidermal layer of these numerous stomata

lie a series of elongated palisade cells which are rich in chloroplasts

beneath which lie the parenchyma cells, which are arranged irregularly.

The arrangement that results is a sponge-like me~ophil tissue that pro-

vides the air space necessary for the gaseous exchange which is neces-

sary for the process of photosyntheses and transpiration. In the inner

portion of the parenchyma the clear gel is stored in mucilagenous paren-

chym.a.

The outer epidermis is well-protected with cutin which is water

repellent and heat resistant. Below the epidermis lies the mucilagenous

parenchyma which contains the clear and slimy gel, as mentioned.

Mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the plant cells contains most of

the oxidative enzymes.

 -----

- --
o~-=----C--~-'-¡-J-T-----

6 -------

L
-----
9 --- -

~-

- ---
 ( 1 - Cutic le, waxy, well-d evelo ped
( with stoma ta, rich of cutin
epide rmis ( as well as wax¡ w'-4~ S+-oma.+ct. (+).
(
( 2 - Upper epide rmis
Cutic le and stoma tae are part of
the epide rmis - thick for prote ction
of the leaf

3 - Palisa de parenc hyma

Elong ated and close ly packe d, rich in
chlor oplas ts

4 - Parenc hym.a
Composes the spong e mesop hyl
(air spaci al)

5 - Yello wish aloin peric yclic cells

( 6 Xylem
vascu lar (
bundl e ( 7 - Phteer n
Xylem and phloe m compo se the vascu lar
bundl e

8 - Pecti c substa nces - for adhes ion

9 - Mucil age Aloe gel parenc hymal cells ,

thin-w alled (appro ximat ely 10% air in
volum e), polyh edral

10 - A leaf from a matur e Aloe plant can be

as thick as 18 cm. (7 in.). The
peric yclic aloin cells are locate d
appro ximat ely .3-.35 cm. from the outer
cutic le - the thickn ess of the clear gel
parenc hyma is appro ximat ely 3-12 cm. thick .

16
MEDICINAL USES
Extracts from most plants when applied to burns on skin have a

healing effect, but most often start to irritate the skin after Lhey

finish up their healing potency. Aloe vera gel doesn't irritate as rnuch;

it will continue healing until it loses its potency and action. However,

serial dilutions of the Aloe gel solution was found to be completely

toxic to the rabbit kidney cells. That incidence has brought the un-

certainty of the efficiency of the Aloe vera gel.

Aloe vera has been one of the healing plants most used and first

used in the history of mankind. It is commercially available. There

are other plants, however, that even surpass Aloe vera in their healing

characteristics, but they unfortunately are not available on a comrner-

cial level. Such plants are: acacia, comfrey, houseleek and slippery

elrn for burns, and meadowsweet, rosemary and birch leaves for acne,

pimples and arthritis, and sage, lady's mantle, marigold for wound

healing.

In severe burns, there is normal loss of protein and amino acids

from the skin and the body. This loss is counteracted by amino acids

and nucleic acids. Both traditional and recent phytotherapeutic liter~

ature recommended Aloe as one of the plants that is used for wound heal-

ing promotion, which means skin regeneration, since it has a granulating

and epithelializing effect. Aloe possesses wound healing and inflam-

mation inhibition properties.

A number of pharmaceutical publications eulogize the ability of

the Aloe vera gel to promote the healing of burns and other cutaneous

injuries and of ulcers. The local application of the freshly split

17
leaves of Aloe vera have been reported beneficial in the treatment of

x-ray burns. After some experimental study of the Aloe leaf in cases

of x-ray burns, it was found that the curative principIe occurs in both

the pulp and the rind of the leaf. The Aloe vera leaves were also used

for the treatment of cases of dermatitis and various ulcerated conditions

of the skin.

The untouched fresh gel from the leaves is more biologically effec-

tive than the aged gel. The Aloe vera gel from the leaves wtll lose most

or all of its curative potency within two hours from the moment of extrac-

tion; however, the gel might lose its potency toward a certain case and

can still be effective toward another. As the gel ages, or as the cut

leaf is exposed to air and light, the color of both turns pink and proceeds

tobrown. If the gel is heated in air and light, it will get darker and

form the medicinal Aloe resin preparation. If the gel has been exposed -

to air and light from one to two hours, it will not be as effective in

curing some minor skin abrasions, scratches and insect stings.

We have also found from our own work with Aloe that it is effective

nutritiously and medicinally if it is fresh, recently cut or extracted

within two or three hours when it has not been directly heated or blanch-

ed to room temperature. One more case is when it has been refrigerat-

ed for a period not to exceed one month in a dark, non-permeable glass

container. But if the gel has already been processes for stability, it

will remain effective as long as it has been stabilized within three hours

from the time of extraction or a maximum of eight hours from the time of

cutting leaves; however, the conditions under which the leaves have been

18
grown, cut, kept until used or processed, may change these figures

completely.

OTHER MEDICINAL ALOES

Aloe vera linne or the Aloe barbadensis Miller, or the Curacao Aloe

which used to be improperly called Barbados Aloe, grows in the Dutch West

Indies and in the Cape area in South Africa. Aloe perryi baker or the

socotrine Aloe, grows on the Island of Socotra and in the Straight of

Bab-El-Mandeb in the southern part of the Red Sea.

Aloe ferox MilI hasn't been officially used. Also, the British phar-

macopeia recongized the Zanzibar aloe which grows in the Island of Zanzi-

bar in the eastern coast of Africa.

In addition, there are many other species of aloe that have been used

such as Aloe saponaria, Aloe variegata, Aloe conifera, Aloe chinesis,

Aloe spicata and Aloe mutabilis; however, Aloe barbadensis or Aloe vera

is the most important industrially and commercially.

THE CLASSICAL P~~CEUTICAL ALOE RESIN

It was used until the beginning of this century in the United States as

a laxative, ~urgative, cathartic and for burn ointment preparations. The

Aloe resin was a dark material that was prepared by boiling the gel extracted

from the leaves of Aloe ferox (bitteraalwyn, native of South Africa, commer-

cially known as Cape aloe) or Aloe vera plants. The gel was boiled until

most of its water content was evaporated. The remaining dark paste has been

replaced now by the stable and biocatalytical gel.

There are no laxative properties in the normal dose of Aloe gel. When

the Aloe vera gel is consumed internally, its aid in eliminatíon will in-

crease as its fibrous polysaccharides content increases. These fibrous

19
 polys accha rides are the indig estib le cellu lose
and hemic ellulo se.
Doses betwe en 10 and 30 millig rams act as stoma
chic; from 60 to 200
millig rams act as laxat ive and from 300 to 1,000
millig rams as purga tive.
Rhuba rb, which is menti oned in the Natio nal Formu
lary, also is a
veget able drug that is as old as Aloe in the medic
inal use. It is more
popul ar in that area as a catha rtic becau se it
conta ins tannin which has
astrin gent action follow ing the carth artic actio
n. And this will, accor d-
ingly , promo te const ipatio n.

Aloe has been used as a catha rtic agente Its catha rtic action is due
to stimu lation of peris talsis , espec ially in the
large intes tine. In most
cases , consi derab le gripp ing pain is assoc iated
with its action . It is more
irrita ting than other well-k nown catha rtic drugs
, such as casca ra sagra da,
senna and rhuba rb. As we menti oned, the actio n of the catha rtic Aloe
is
large ly limite d to the colon . That' s why Aloe is not recom mende d in those

condi tions in which it is desir able to clean out

the whole alime ntary
system . The catha rtic action of Aloe is ascrib ed to its
conte nt of resin s,
Aloe- emodi n, chrys oohan ic acid, rein and the other
const ituen ts that we
have menti oned. And it acts on the colon ic peris talsis by stimu
lating the
nerve s.

The Aloe in medic ine has been used as a catha rtic,

but the conce ntrate d
mater ial cause s sever e intes tinal cramp s.

Aloe and its deriv ative s that are used pahrm aceut
ically can be class i-
fied as veget able drugs . Now, as a drug Aloe is consi dered a catha rtic

becau se of its conte nt of emodi n. Aloe does not have an astrin gent actio n

that follow s the carth arsis effec t and accor dingl

y, it does not promo te con-
stipa tioh. The dry mater ial is mode rately irrita ting and has
a tenden cy
to cause gripp ing, but doesn 't lose its effici ency
on contin ued use and is

20
especially useful in correcting constipative- action of iron medication.

The Aloe vera or Aloe barbadensis MilI used to be called Curacao

aloes and was obtained from the islanu of Curacao; it was formerly pro-

duced on the Island of Barbados and is still improperly called Barbados aloes.

The resin from Aloe vera or the barbadensis contains the aloin or the

barbaloin, isobarbaloin, the aloe-emodin, and also cinnamic acid.

The resin is produced by evaporating the exuded juice from the Aloe

vera leaves by boiling and then it is solidified by cooling. These remain-

ing resins are associated with the condensation of the anthraquinones, an-

thranols and their derrivatives that are abundantly contained in the Aloe

vera juice.

It was also used by veterinarians for animals as a purgative in the fol-

lowing dosage: for horses, the dose should be between 25 and 50 grams; for -

cattle, between 50 ana 75 grams, for dogs, it should be between 2 and 4 grams.

GEL ANTD'IICROBIAL ACTIVITY

The Aloe vera gel was investigated as to whether it exhibits antimicro-

bial activity. It was reported that the gelatinous gel from the aloe leaves

was the only portion of the plant that exhibits antimicrobial activity

against different pathogens, such as staph. aureus._

The freshly extracted juice showed a marked zone of staph. aureus inhi-

bition; however, the unstable gel did not show any antimicrobial activity

after it become dark.

The stabilized gel, though, whether it was freeze-dried or heated at

0
80 C for 15 minutes, showed remarkable antimicrobial inhibition.

21
ALOE FOR GASTROINTESTINAL ULCERS

The effects on the gastrointestinal ulcers has been studied. In

comparison to other cornmonly used anti-ulcer active agents, Aloe showed

considerably higher curative action on rats. The Aloe content that was

believed to be responsible for the anti-ulcer action named Aloe-ulcin.

Aloe-ulcin was found to have a considerable inhibitory effect on the

secretion of gastric juices in the stomach, the secretion that is un-

desirable in case of ulceration. The mechanism of that inhibition action

arises from the effect of Aloe-ulc.in on histamine decarboxilate. It is

generally known that histamine, which stimulates the secretion of hydro-

choloric acid from the gastric juices, is the primary amine that is for-

med upon decarboxilation of the amino acid, histidine. This decarboxila-

tion process is catilized by histamine decarboxilate.

There are contradictory claims on the bacteriostatic activity of.

Aloe gel and extracts, but some filed scientific reports attribute improv-

ed healing of burns to their treatment with Aloe barbadensis.

Yamomoto, from the Second Research Institute in Tokyo, has confirmed

the curative effects on stomach ulcers through his experiments with Aloe-

ulcin. The newly derived material, Aloe-ulcin, has no gastrointestinal

irritating action. The crude Aloe powder has an elevating action on the

intestinal mobilíty.

Soeda, a Japanese researcher, has studied the following: alomycin

inactivates the exotoxin of staphylococci. Alomycin also is an antitumor

substance and has an anti-hematolytic action which makes alomycin effective

in vitro for treatment of burns. It is worthy to mention that, hemolysis

or hematoly;is is the destruction of red blood cells by an antibiotic,

the process that takes place in burns.

22
 Recent studies show that the Aloe juice even has a mild antibiotic

effect.

Extracts have also been found to be effective against peptic ulcers,

skin disorders, and infections in people and animals as well. Aloes have

long been recognized by pharmacopoeiae over the world as a purgative drug.

Pharmacopoeias, such as the United States Pharmacopoeia, the National

Formulary, The British Pharmacopoeia, and the International Pharmacopoeia.

ALOE, A TUMOR INHIBITOR? AN APPROACH

Enzymes and amino acids have the most important conitation with the

Aloe vera gel, curative and nutritive values. (Testimonies) are reported

by people with different cancer cases, that drinking the Aloe vera gel was

effective in healing such cases. Until now there has been no catalytical

or therapeutic,evidence of the Aloe vera gel as a cure for tumors, _neo~

plasms or cancer. Since 1920 though, amino acids and their corresponding

enzymes have been of interest and have been used either in their free

forms or in diets in which they are abundant experimentally -- in curing

or hopefully trying to find a cure for neoplasmic cells.

We are discussing here the most closely related therapeutic and

biological facts to the subject of amino acids and ami no acids/ases (amino

acids/ases, we will use this terro to refer to the amino acids and their

corresponding enzymes) in relationship to neoplasmic cells or tumors and,

hopefully, highlighting the aloe-cancer cure mystery that could be an

existing factor.

Certain tumor cells may lack the enzymes (alanine, arginine,

asportic acid . . . ) When the circulating level of asparagine is depleted

by the enzyme asparaginase treatment, tumor cells were selectively killed.

')1
 All tumors require arginine for growth. Serine and glycine are

needed for growth in human leukemic cells. No suitable enzymes are

available for selective depletion, for serine or glycine, several sevic

anti-metabolites have been tested and appear promising.

If asperaginase depletes glycine in other sensitive tumors, this

enzyme might also potentiate serine depleting enzymes or anti-metabolites

by decreasing the availability of glycine for serine production. Enzyme

depletion of asparagine and glutamine has anti-tumor action in animals

and mano

Anti-metabolitics are available for arginine and cystein and serine.

These drugs may greatly potentiate the action of amino acid degrading

enzymes by inhibition of biosynthetic pathway and alteration of pool

sizes of the amino acids. Such effects on normal cells surrounding the

tumors will decrease their ability to supply the amino acid to the tumor

cell. Loss of this effect may make solid tumors more sensitive to

therapy w~th amino acid degrading enzymes.

Since tumors frequently have a poorly developed blood supply com-

pared to the normal tissues, it has been postulated that the tumor cells

must possess effective means to preferentially nourish themselves. Most

tumor cells are better able than normal cells to concentrate a variety

of amino acids.

A functional deficiency of a specific amino acid may be achieved by:

l. Feeding tumor-bearing hosts a diet deficient in an amino

acid e.g. fresh unprocessed Aloe vera gel.

2. Injecting a suitable amino acid degrading enzyme.

3. Administering an appropriate amino acid antagonista

24
Most normal cells have sufficient constituted levels of asparagine

synthetase to survive asparaginase treatment.

The anti-tumor effects of asparagase therapy in animal and man led

to interest in other amino acid degrading enzymes for treatment of cancer.

'Asparagine is an essential amino acid for the sensitive tumor cell.

Under normal conditions, asparagine doesn't have to be synthesized by

cells since it is readily available in the dieto Asparaginases are found

in diverse sources in nature, including the fresh Aloe vera gel. It is

prepared for experimentational purposes frem microorganisms, especially

E. coli.

Phosphate stimulates the glutiminase activity. Glutaminase and

glutaminase - asparagerase enzymes - appear te have anti-tumor activity

in mano

Definitien of tryptophane, lysine or arginine demonstrated incon-

sistent results and restrictions of glutamine, glutamic acid or aspartic

acid - had no effect on tumor growth. Several tryptophane analogs,

however, were found to have significant anti-tumor activity.

Deprivation of selected essential amino acids for short periods of

time (two to three weeks) is relatively well telerated by the tumor-

bearing host. It is to be expected that depletion of any one of the

essential ami no acids would inhibit growth of tumor cells. Certain

amino acids, however, appear to be more critically needed for cellular

proliferation, and deprivation of these may be especially deleterious

to the neu-plasms.

Combination therapy with glutam~ne and phenylalanine antagonists

have produced synergistic anti-tumor effects.

25
Diets deficient in the essential amino acids were first used in tumor

control in animals more than 60 years ago.

Maintenance of tumor-bearing animals on lycine, isoleucine, valine,

threonine, histidine, methionine, or phenylalanine deficient diets

resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth.

CASES WHEN ALOE SHOULDN'T BE USED AS A DRUG

It should be avoided in the inflammatory conditions of the intestine.

It takes Aloe from eight to 12 hours to act after it has been ingested.

There is no evidence that Aloe gel, when it is taken internally, has any

effect on the_pelvic organs in order to help in cases of lack of

menstruation, the case that is pathologically called amenorrhea. That

is the reason why Aloe has been deleted from being used to treat such

cases. The only exercise known about the action of Aloe on the pelvic

organs is the congestion of the pelvic blood vessels.

It should be warned that in advanced pregnancy, Aloe vera extract

should not be used internally. In addition, the extract should not be

used on young animals either.

The actual material of the Aloe will be cnnverted into the

glycosidal form inside the intestine by its reaction with the intestinal

juices. 1he glycosidal forms (which is the aloin) would be absorbed into

the bloodstream and released again into the colon where bacteria will

transfer these glycosides into emodin.

The fresh Aloe vera gel will rapidly start to lose its medicinal

qualities. A fresh gel will have to be used, otherwise stabilized or

lyophilized material.

We have found that the proteoljtic activity of a 50% diluted sample

26
of a stabilized Aloe vera gel has been less than 10 hemoglobin units per

gramo Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins to amino acids.

The intake of Aloe internally is most useful in the chronic consti-

pation conditions especially when there is insufficient muscular tension

in the lower bowel. lt has been found that the presence of bile in the

intestine seems to be essential for most effective action of Aloe, and

when this secretion is lacking it is advisable to administer sorne

preparation of bile with the Aloes.

27
THE OFFICIAL STATUS OF ALOES
PREFACE

The official standing of Aloe is confused by. the fact that it has

been deleted from the United States Pharmacopiae as a carthartic, and

is presently there only as a constituent of a benzoine tincture

protective preparation.

Aloe is in the USP XVI however, it is retained by the National

Formulary (NFXI) as a constituent of compound co1ocynnth extract, which

is an ingredient of compound mild mercurous ch10ride pil1s.

Aloe is still an important carthartic drug from the standpoint of

its wide usage throughout the wor1d and its presence in many preparations.

lts properties and use have been recognized at 1east 2,500 years ago.

Because of the non-sufficient information about the efficiency of

Aloe as a drug, it has been 1isted in the F.D.A. under No. 121-1163 as

a f1avouring material.

Some Aloes are official in the United States Pharmacopoeia

(U.S.P.). And also in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP).

UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA XIX

Category: See Compound Benzoin Tincture.

Description: (Note -- The taste of each variety of Aloe is nauseating

and very bitter.)

Curacao Aloe Brownish black, opaque masses. lts fractured surface

is uneven, waxy, and somewhat resinous. Has a characteristic, disagreeable

color.

Cape Aloe -- Dusky to dark brown irregular masses, the surfaces of

whicr are often covered with a yellowish powder. lts fracture is smooth

and glassy. lts odor is characteristic, somewhat sour and disagreeab1e.

28
 in color .
Powde red Aloe -- Yellow , yellow ish-br otb to olive- brown
green ish-ye llow to
When mount ed in a bland expre ssed oil, it appea rs as
of which depen d
reddis h-bro wn angul ar or irreg ular fragm ents, the hues

to some exten t upon the thickn ess of the fragm ents.

denis Mille r
Aloe is the dried latex of the leave s of Aloe barba
or of Aloe ferox
(Aloe vera uLinn e"), known in comme rce as Curca o Aloe,
na Mille r and Aloe
Mille r and hybri ds of this speci es with Aloe africa
Lilia ceae) .
spica ta Baker , known in comme rce as Cape Aloe (Fam.
le extra ctive .
Aloe yield s not less than 50 perce nt of water solub

Ident ificat ion -

ce,
A: Powde red Aloe disso lves in nitri c acid with efferv escen

formin g a reddis h-bro wn to brown or green solut ion.

red
B: Intim ately mix in a flask or bottl e l g of finely powde
ional ly durin g
Aloe with 25 ml oí cold water , shake the mixtu re occas
r and residu e
two hours , trans fer to a filte r, and wash the filte
re 100 mI: the
with suffi cient cold water to make the filtra te measu
I volum etric
color of the filtra te, viewe d in the bulb of a lOO-m
llow with
flask , is dark orang e with Curac ao Aloe, and green ish-ye

Cape Aloe. The filtra te darke ns on stand ing.

test B
C: To 5 mI of the filtra te obtain ed in Ident ificat ion

add 2 mI of nitri c acid: The mixtu re exhib its a reddis b-ora nge
which chang es
color with Curac ao Aloe, and a reddis h-bro wn color

rapid ly to green with Cape Aloe.

five
Water : Not more than 12% determ ined by dryin g at 1050 for
until it
hours . For Aloe that is not powde red, crush it in a morta r
ial befor e weigh ing
passe s throug h a No. 40 seive , and mix the groun d mater

the sampl e.

29
 Total Ash: Not more than 4%.

A1cohol-insoluable substances.-- Add about 1 g of powdered Aloe,

accurately weighed, to 50 mI of alcohol in a flask. Heat the mixture to

boiling, and maintain at incipient boiling for 15 minutes, replacing any

loss by evaporation. Remove from the heat, and shake the mixture at

intervals during one hour, fi1ter through a small.dried and tarred filter

paper or a suitab1e dried and tarred filtering crucible, and wash the

residue on the fi1ter with alcohol until the Iast washing is colorless.

Dry the residue at 1050 to constant weight: the weight of the residue

does not exceed 10% of Aloe taken.

Assay -- Macerate ábout 2 g of Aloe, accurate1y weighed, in about

70 mI of water in a suitabIe fIask. Shake the mixture during 8 hours at

30-minute interva1s, and a110w it to stand for 16 hours without shaking.

FiIter, and wash the fIask and residue with sma11 portions of water,

passing the washings through the fiIter, until the fiIter measures

100.0 mI. Evaporate a 50-mI aliquot of the fiItrate in a suitabIe tarred

dish on a steam bath to dryness, and dry at 110 0 to constant weight. The

weight of watersoluble extractive so obtained is not 1ess than 50% of the

weight of Aloe taken.

30
 BENZOIN TINCTURE

(Tinc tura Benzo ini; Tinct . Benzo in.)

Synonym: Simpl e Tinct ure of Benzo in

Benzoin~ crushe d 100 g

Alcoh ol (90 per cent) to 1000 mI
Macer ate the benzo in in 800 mI of the alcoh ol for one
hour, with
frequ ent agita tion; filte r, and pass suffi cient alcoh
ol throug h the
filte r to produ ce the requi red volum e.

Stand ard

Weigh t per mI. At 20°, 0.845 g to 0.860 g.

Alcoh ol conte nto 81 to 85 perce nt v/v of ethy1 alcoh ol.

Conte nt of balsam ic acids . Not less than 1.65 per cent w/v,
calcu lated as cinnam ic acid, C H 0 , determ ined by
9 8 2 the metho d for
Compound Benzo in Tinct ure, 30 mI being used.

Dose. 2.5 to 5 milli litres .

31
 BENZOIN TINCTURE, COMPOUND

(Tinctura Benzoini Composita; Tinct. Benz. Co.)

Synonym: Friars' Balsam

Benzoin, crushed 100 g

Prepared Storax 75 g

Tolu Balsam 25 g

Aloes 20 g

Alcohol (90 per cent) to 1000 mI

Macerate the solid materials with 800 ml of the alcohol in a closed

vessel for not less than two days, shaking occasionally; filter, and pass

sufficient of the alcohol through the filter to produce the required volume.

Standard

Weight per mI. At 20°, 0.880 g to 0.900 g.

Alcohol contento 70 to 76 per cent v/v of ethyl alcohol.

Total solids. 16 to 20 per cent w/v, determined on 1 mI.

Content of balsamic acids. Not less than 4.5 per cent w/v, calculated

as cinnamic acid, C H 0 , determined by the following method:

9 8 2
Boil la mI with 25 mI of N/2 alcoholic potassium hydroxide under

a reflux condenser for l~ hours, evaporate off the alcohol, and diffuse the

residue by warming with 50 ml of hot water; cool, add 80 mI of water and

50 mI of a 4.0 percent w/v solution ofOmagnesium sulphate in water, and

continue by the method of the British Pharmacopoeia for the determination

of total balsamic acids, commencing with the words .Tmix thoroughly. "

32
 UNITED STATES DISPENSATORY, USD

ALOE

Aloe is the dried juice of leave s of Aloe perry i Baker

, distri buted
in comme rce as Socot rine Aloe, or of Aloe barba densi
s Mille r (Aloe vera
"Linn e"), distri buted as Curac ao Aloe, or of Aloe ferox
' Mille r and its
hybri ds with Aloe africa n Mille r and Aloe spica ta Baker
, distri buted as
Cape Aloe. Each conta ins not less than 50 per cent of water -solu
ble matte r.

ALOE S

The genus Aloe compr ises about 170* speci es mostl y nativ
e to easte rn
and south ern Afric a, but some have sprea d to the Medit
errane an basin and
have been introd uced into the West lndie s, East lndie
s, Europ e, and the
Amer icas. The leave s of the Aloe plant s are fleshy and succu
lent, the
bitte r juice being conta ined withi n the peric yclic
cells and somet imes in
the parenc hyma cells adjac ent.

For a descr iption of aloe plans and of metho ds of colle

cting and
drying the juice of aloe leave s see U.:S.D ., 25th ed.,
p. 47.

DESCRIPTION

Ungro und aloe occur s in reddi sh-bl ack to brown ish-bl

ack masse s, the
color varyi ng somew hat with the comm ercial varie ty;
the odor is chara cter-
istic and gener ally disag reeab le. The taste is nause ating and very bitte r.
Powde red aloe varie s in color from yellow , to yellow
ish-br own to olive -
brown .

CONSTITUENTS

The chem istry of aloe is still incom pletel y known .

lt is gener ally
* See naae
4.:::> i

33
believed that aloe owes its purgative properties to the presence of one or

more of three pentosides known as barbaloin (a1oin), isobarbaloin and

beta-barbaloin. For 1ack of satisfactory assay methods the content of

these constituents is not known with any degree of certainty (see und.er

Aloin). Viehoever (Am. J. Pharm, 107, 47, 1935) considered the resin

fraction of aloe to be of equal importance, a view previous1y expressed

by Kiefer (Pharm. Ztg., 70, 1775, 1925). Chopra and Ghosh (Arch.

Pharm. 276, 348, 1938) report that A. vera varo officinalis (A. indica)

contains no aloin.

Of the three pentosides, barbaloin (which is probab1y identica1 with

the substances previous1y described as soca1oin and capa1oin) is the most

importante Beta-barbaloin is an optical isomer of barbaloin. Hydro1ysis

of barbaloin in acid solution gives a comp1ex mixture in which aloe-emodin

(1,8-dihydroxy-3-[hydroxymethy1[ anthraquinone) and D-arabinose have been

identified. Leger (Bull. soco chim., 3, (5),435,1936) be1ieves barba10in

is an ether formed by condensation of D-arabinose with a1oe-emodin, but

objections to this formulation have been raised by Rosenthaler (Pharm. Acta

He1v., 9, 9, 1934) and by Foster and Gardner (J.A.C.S., 58, 597, 1936).

For data on the hydrolysis of the a10ins see Gardner and Campbe1l (J.A.C.S.,

64, 1378, 1942). Brodyet al (J.A. Ph. A., 39, 666, 1950) isolated from

Curacao aloe, by chromatographic methods, a1oe-emodin, isomodin (3, 5, 8-

trihydrosy-2-methylanthraquinone), and anthranois, which are reported to

exist both in the free state and in glycosidal combination.

USES

Aloe was known to the ancients, having been cu1tivated in the is1and

of Socotra as far back as the time of A1exander the Great, and mentioned

34
 in the works of Diosc orides and of Celsu s. It has been emplo yed for
eczem atous skin condi tions in China , India and Tibet
under the names
lu hui, musab bar and je1ly leeks , respe ctive ly (Cole
and Chen, Arch.
Derma t. Syph. , 47, 250, 1943) .

The catha rtic action of aloe is due to a stimu lation

of peris talsis ,
espec ially in the large r bowel , proba bly the resul t
of a local irrita nt
effec t on the mucou s membr ane, althou gh there is some
evide nce that it
exerc ises a speci fic stimu lant effec t on unstri ped
muscl es; consi derab le
gripin g pain is often assoc iated with its actio n.
lt is more irrita tint
than casca ra sagra da, senna or rhuba rb. As its action is large ly límite d
to the colon it is not recom mende d in those condi tions
in which it is
desir able to .clean out the whole alime ntary canal ,
and its effec t is
large ly the resul t of local irrita tion it shoul d be
avoid ed in inflam mator y
condi tions of the intes tine. lt does not act until 8 to 12 hours after
inges tion. In chron ic const ipatio n, espec ially when depen dent
on an atoni c
condi tion of the lower bowel , it is very usefu l. The prese nce of bile
in the bowel seems to be essen tial for most effec tive
actio n, and when this
secre tion is lackin g it is advis able to admin ister
some prepa ration of bile
with the aloes . Soap also appea rs to enhan ce the catha rtic actio n of
this
drug. Ivyan d his assoc iates (Quar t. Bull. North west. U.
Med. Sch., 19,
102, 1945) repor ted that thera peuti c doses of aloe
produ ce no incre ase in
the bile conte nt of the intes tine.

Aloe was forme rly used in the treatm ent of ameno rrhea.
It is, howev er,
extrem ely doubt ful that it exerc ises any actio n on
the pelvi c organ s other
than conge stion of the pelvi c blood vesse ls.

In thp 16th and 17th centu ries aloe was used local ly
in the treatm ent

35
of wounds and burns but its use for this purpose entirely disappeared

except as an ingredient of compound benzoin tincture. Collins and Collins

(Am J. Roentgen., 33, 396, 1935) reported beneficial effects from local

application of freshly split leaves of Aloe vera in the treatment of

x-ray burns. After an hour of contact the darkened gummy, gelatinous

material was washed away with water. Crew (Minn. Med., 20, 10, 1937)

extended this local use of aloe Ieaf to the treatment of dermatitis and

various ulcerated conditions of the skin. Rowe and colleagues (J.A.

Ph. A., 30, 266, 1941) in an experimental study of aloe leaf in x-ray

burns, found that the curative principIe occurs in both the pulp and

rind of the Ieaf, but was not present in all commercial leaves nor in

official aloe.

Dose. -- Aloe is today infrequently administered; its usual dose is

250 mg. (approximately 4 grains), with a range of 120 to 250 mg.

Aloe Tincture, prepared by macerating 10 percent w/v of aloe and 20

percent w/v of glycyrrhiza with diluted alcohol, was official in N.F.IX

Aloe Pills, made by massing a mixture of equal parts of aloe and hard

soap with water, were also official in N.F.IX.

ALOIN

"Aloin is a mixture of active principIes obtained from aloe. lt varies

in chemical composition and in physical and chemical properties according

to the variety of aloe frem which it is obtained." N.F.XI.

Aloin is essentially a resin-free, water-soluble extract of aloe

which consists principally of barbaloin and/or isobarbaloin (see under

Aloe;. Various methods of preparing aloin have been used; sorne of these

are described in U.S.D., 25th ed., p. 50.

 Description -- "Aloin occurs as a lemon-yellow to dark yellow,

microcrystalline powder, or as minute crystals. lt is odorless, or has

a slight odor of aloe. lts taste is intensely bitter. Aloin darkens on

exposure to light and air." A saturated solution of Aloin is yellow but

becomes brown on standing. lts solutions are neutral or acid to litmus

paper. Aloin is soluble in water, in alcohol, and in acetone, the degree

of solubility varying with its composition. lt is slightly soluble in

ether." N.F.Xl.

Uses -- Because of the absence of resin the cathartic action of aloin

is relatively milder than that of aloe. Although it is capable of pro-

ducing purgation it is never used thus, but it is employed in chronic

constipation. To counteract its tendency to induce griping, it has been

combined witb belladonna. However, the action of belladonna is rapid and

brief compared with that of aloin. Aloin may produce renal irritation and

color the urine red if the latter is alkaline.

Done -- The range of dose is 10 to 60 mg. (approximately 1/6 to 1

grain) .

BRlTlSH PHAR}~COPOElA, B.P.

ALOES

Synonym: Aloe

Aloes is the solid residue obtained by evaporating the liquid whicb

drains from the leaves cut from various species of Aloe (Fam. Liliceae).

The juice is concentrated by spontaneous evaporation, or more generally by

boiling, and poured into boxes or otber suitable receptacles; on cooling,

it solid~fies.

37
 Varieties -- Cape aloes is prepared in Cape Province from A. ferox

MilI, and possibly from hybrids of A. ferox with other species. Curacao

aloes is obtained from A. barbadensis MilI. (=A. vera L. varo officinalis

[Forssk. O Baker]) on the islands of Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire; it was

formerly produced on the island of Barbados and is still frequently, but

improperly, called Barbados aloes.

Constituents -- Aloes contains the pale yellow crystalline substance

barbaloin, a lO-glucopyranosyl drivative of aloe-emodin anthronone

lD-deoxyglucosyl-9, lO-dihydro-l, 8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-9-

oxoanthracene). In Curacao aloes this is accompanied by isobarbaloin,

little or none of which is found in Cape aloes; there is also present in

Cape aloes an amorphous B-barbaloin and aloinosides A and B. Aloinoside

B is an ll-mono-a-L-rhanmoside of barbaloin. Other constituents of aloe s

are resin and aloe-emodin (9, lO-dihydro-l, 8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-9,

lo-dioxoanthracene). The resin of Cape aloes may partly consist of capalo-

resinotannol combined with p-coumaric acid; the resin of Curacao aloes

contains also barbaloresinotannol combined with cinnamic acid; these resins

may be associated with condensation products of anthraquinones and anthranol

Good Curacao aloes may yield up to 30 percent of crystallisable aloins;

Cape aloes may yield nearly 10 percent of crystallisable aloins and about

40 percent of amorphous aloin.

Solubility -- Almostentirely soluble in alcohol (60 percent).

DESCRIPTION

UNDERGROUND DRUG

Macroscopical: Cape aloes in dark brown or greenish-brown glassy

masses, thin fragments of which are transparent and exhibit a yellowish ·or

reddish-brown tinge. it breaks with a clean glassy fracture and has a

distinctive, somewhat acid odour. Curacao aloes is dark chocolate-brown

in colour and occurs usually in opaque masses, which break with a dull

waxy uniform and frequently conchoidal fracture; it has a characteristic

penetrating odour reminiscent of iodoform; occasional specimens are

vitreous. The odour is characteristic and the taste nauseous and bitter.

Microscopical: Mounted in lactophenol, Cape aloes is composed of

fragments, usually amorphous, but sometimes having crystals embedded, and

Curacao aloes appears as fragments composed of numerous small acicular

crystals.

POWDERED DRUG

Powdered Aloes (Aloes Pulvis; Aloes Pulv.) A yellowish-brown to dark

reddish-brown powder, possessing the diagnostic microscopical characters,

odour and taste of the unground drug.

The following tests may be used to identify aloes and distinguish the

varieties. Shake 0.1 g in powder or small pieces, with 10 mI of ferric

chloride solution mixed with 5 mI of hydrochloric acid, and immerse in a

water-bath for about 10 minutes; filter immediately, cool the filtrate,

and extract with 10 mI of carbon tetrachloride; separate the carbon tetra-

chloride layer, wash with 5 mI of water, and shake with 5 ml of dilute

ammonia solution; a rose-pink to cherry-red colour is produced in the

ammoniacal layer (presence of anthraquinone derivatives).

Prepare a 1 percent solution by boiling aloes with water until nearly

dissolved, adding kieselguhr, and filtering until clear. Add 0.2 g oí

borax to 5 mI of the filtrate, and dissolve by boiling; a few drops of the

39
resulting solution gives a green fluorescence when added to water (presence

of anthranols). Another portion of the filtrate gives a copious, pale

yellow precipitate when mixed with an equal volume of freshly prepared

bromine solution (presence of aloin). Mix 5 ml of the filtrate with 2 mI

of nitric acid; that prepared from Cape aloes gives a yellowish-brown

colour, passing rapidly to a vivid green; with Curacao aloes, the colour is

a deep brownish-red (distinction from Socotrine aloes, which gives a pale

brownish-yellow colour, and from Zanzibar aloes, which gives a yellowish-

brown colour). Dilute 1 mI of the filtrate to 10 mI with water, add 0.05 ml

of copper sulphate solution, 0.5 mI of socium chloride solution and 1 mI of

alcohol (95 percent) and warm gently; Curacao aloes gives a reddish-violet

colour and Cape aloes a faint evanescent violet tint (presence of isobar-

baloin, and distinction from Zanzibar and Socotrine aloes).

Standard. lt complies with the requirements of the British Pharma-

copoeia.

Adulterants and substitutes. Cocotrine aloes occurs in hard dark-

brown or nearly black opaque masses, with an uneven porous fracture and an

unpleasant cheesy odour. lt is prepared to a certain extent on the island

oí Socotra, but probably more largely on the African, and possibly also on

the Arabian, mainland from the leaves of A. perryi Baker; it is imported

usually in a pasty condition in kegs, and subsequent drying is necessary.

Zanzibar aloes is livery-brown and has a nearly smooth, slightly porous

fracture; its odour is slight and not disagreeable. lt was usually

imported in masses partly covered with leaves, or in skins. Natal aloes,

believed to be derived from A. candelabrum Berger, has been imported; it

resembles Cape aloes in odour, but is opaque; when the powder is mixed with

LLO
 sulph uric acid and the vapou r of nitric acid blown
over it, a deep blue
color ation is produ ced.

Actio n and uses. Aloes · is a purga tive; it is admin istere d by mou~h

and after absor ption is excre ted partly into the

colon and partly in the
urine . Ados e of 125 to 200 millig rams takes from eight
to twelv e hours
to produ ce an effec t.

Antisp asmod ics may be added to preve nt gripin g.

It colou rs alkal ine
urine red.

Unde sirabl e effec ts. Aloes cause s sorne pelvi c conge stiono

Preca ution s and contr a-ind icatio ns. Aloes shoul d not be given when
there is intes tinal irrita tion or to pregn ant women
. In nursin g mothe rs,
it may be excre ted in the milk.

Dose. 100 to 300 millig rams.

Prepa ration . Benzo in Tinct ure, Compo und, B.P.C .

ALOIN

Synon ym: Aloinu m

Aloin is a cryst alline substa nce obtain ed chief

ly from Curac ao aloes ,
but also from Cape aloes . lt may be extra cted from aloes by means of hot

acidi fied water , and subse quent ly purif ied and

cryst allise d. lt has an
inten sely bitte r taste .

Cons tituen ts. Aloin consi sts almos t entir ely of cryst alline barba
loin,
a lD-gl ucopy ranos yl deriv ative of aloe-e modin anthro
ne (10-d eoxyg lucos yl-9,
10-di hydro -l, 8-dihy droxy -3-hy droxy methy l-9-ox
oanth racen e).
Solub ility. Almos t entire ly solub le, at 20°, in 130 parts of
water ;
solub le in alcoh ol, and in aceto ne; ve~J sligh tly solub le in ether , and

in chloro rorm.

41
 Standard

Description. A pale or dull yellow crystalline powder; odourless.

Identification tests

l. To 5 mg add 5 ml of dilute ammonia solution; a yellow colo~r is

produced which changes to green and finally to brown. The solution gives

a yellow fluorescence in ultraviolet light (distinction from aloes and

amorphous aloin).

2. When mounted incresol and examined microscopically the material

does not dissolve and shines brightly on a dark field when viewed between

crossed polaroids (distinction from amorphous aloin).

Acidity or alkalinity. A saturated solution in carbon dioxide-free

water is neutral or not more than slightly acid to litmus solution.

Light absorption. The extinction of al-cm layer of a 0.0025 percent .

wjv freshly prepared solution in water~ calculated with reference to the

substance dried to constant weight at 60°, at 298 m is about 0.55~ and at

354 m, about 0.61; the ratio of the extinction at 354 ID to that at 298 ID

is greater than 1.0 (absence of amorphous aloin).

Water-insoluble matter. Not more than 1.5 percent, determined by the

following method: shake frequently during 2 hours about 1 g, accurately

weighed, with 120 mI of water, maintaining the temperature at 25°, and

filter through a sintered-glass filter; wash the residue with 25 mI of

water, and dry to constant weight at 105°.

Ash. Not more than 0.5 percent.

Adulterants and substitutes. Amorphous aloin is ootained from Cape

aloes; it is distinguished by its ready solubility in water and in cresol,

by its invisibility on a dark field when viewed between crossed polaroids

42
and by the b1ue f1uorescence in u1travio1et 1ight of its solution in dilute

ammonia solution.

Action and uses. A10in has an action similar to that of aloe.

Dose. 15 to 60 mi11igrams.

Preparation. Phenolphthalein Pi1ls, Compound, B.P.C.

43
 PHENOLPHTHALEIN PILLS, COMPOU~~

(Pilulae Phenolphthaleini Compositae; Pilo Phenolphthal. Co.)

Synonym: Pilulae Phenoloini

For each pill take:

Phenolphthalein 30 mg

Aloin 15 mg

Belladonna Dry Extract 5 mg

Liquid Glucose Syrup a sufficient quantity

--
Mix to form a mass of suitable shape, and coat with a/'éhololate-

coloured coating.

Standard

Presence of belladonna alkaloids. Examine the sample by method 1 for

detecting the presence of alkaloids in preparations, given in Appendix 22;

use 10 pílls, finely powdered, dispersed in 10 mI of water for the prepar-

ation of the test solution, mobile phase D to develop the chromatograms and

a 0.1 percent w/v solution of hyoscyamine sulphate A.S. in alcohol (95

percent) as the reference solution.

Content of phenolphthalein. 0.027 to 0.033 g, determined by the

following method:

Weigh and powder 20 pills. Dissolve, as completely as possible, an

accurately weighed quantity of the powder, equivalent to about 1/3 pill,

in 100 mI of alcohol (95 percent), allow to stand, and, using 5 mI of the

clear supernatant liquid, continue by the,method for phenolphthalein in

Liquid Paraffin and Phenolphthalein Emulsion, commencing with the words

ItEvaporate 5 ml to dryness . . . ". Calculate the total weight of

phenolphthalein in the 20 pills, and divide by 20.

 Contaíners and storage. The directions given under Tablets should be

followed.

Dose. 1 or 2 pills.

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION

FOOD Al~D DRUGS

Subpart F - Flavoring Agents and Related Substances

Títle 21 §172.510 Natural flavoring substances and natural substances

used in conjunction with flavors.

Natural flavoring substances and natural adjuvants may be safely used

in food in accordance with the following conditions.

Ca) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their

intended physical or technical effect and in accordance with all the

principIes of good manufacturing practice ..

(b) In the appropriate forms (plant parts, fluid and solid extracts,

concretes, absolutes, oils, gums, balsams, resins, oleoresins, waxes and

distillates) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or

in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recegnized

as safe in food, previously sanctioned fer such use, or regulated in any

section of this parto

Common Name Scientific Name Limitations

Aloe Aloe perryi Baker, A. Barbadensis

MilI. and hybrids of this sp. with
A. africana MilI and A. spicata
Baker.

The following has been narrated from FDA Consumer 7/8/81:

FDA approves A. barbadensis Miller, A-ferox Miller and hybrids of

this spec~¿s with A. africana Miller and A. spicata Baker as natural

flavoring substances in food.

45
 FDA is reviewing aloin and Aloe vera gel as over-the-counter drugs

(aTe).

Two expert advisory panels have found there is not enough scientific

evidence to show that Aloe vera is useful for the treatment of minor burns,

cuts and abrasions or for the treatment of minor vaginal irritations. Both

panels have recommended that further tests be made before Aloe vera is

declared safe and effective for its intended use.

Yet another expert panel has studied the pharmaceutical Aloe and

recommended that it be allowed in laxatives but cautioned that it be used

sparingly and not by children under six years of age.

FDA has not yet decided whether to accept the panel's recommendations.

Until a decision is made and final monographs setting forth the acceptable

ingredients and labeling for these classes of aTe drugs are published, drug

products centaining Aloe vera can continue te be soldo

The American Medical Asseciatien and the American Phar~ceutical

Associatien say that Aloe vera should not be used as a laxa'tive, because it

is unpredictable and sometimes causes intestinal griping, can affect smooth

muscles such as the uterus, making it a dangerous drink fer a pregnant

woman.

Veterinary use of Aloe as a purgative for herses, ,cattle and dogs is

no longer recommended.
THE CURRENT OFFICIAL STAND OF SOME SPECIES OF
ALOE AND THEIR DERIVATIVES.
(conrinued
Esarn M. Morsy, Editorial Director
The publisher wishes to thank Dr. ].H. Zwaving, with Laboratoriurn Voor Farrnacognosie En Galenische
Farrnacie, who is also a rnernber of Group Expens [no 13 (Pharrnacognosy)] of the European Phar-
rnacopoeia, Rijksuniversiteit, Antonius Deusinglaan 2, Groningen, ;\ietherlands.

EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA (E.P.)

Preface:
By Dr. ].H. Zwaving" Netherlands

Dear Mr. Morsv,

1 read with irÍterest your anide: .oThe curre:nt official stand of sorne speeies of alm: :lOd thL"ir deri,·arives".
1 would like to call your attemion ro rhe faer. rhar sorne Aloes are aIso official in rhe European Phar-
rnacopoeia. This years's revised rnonographs wiII appear in rhe second edirion of rhe E.P, and also a
rnonograph on standardised Aloes Dry Extraet (Aloes Extractum siccum normatum).
Monographs of the: E.P. are official now in 16 European countries.

ALOE BARBADENSIS (Barbados Aloes)

The drug ALOE BARBADENSIS consists of the thickened juice of the leaves of Aloe
barbadensís Miller. It contains not less than 28.0 per cent of hydroxyanthracene
derivatives, caleulated as anhydrous barbaloin.
CHARACTERS
Barbados aloes occurs in the form of dark brown masses, slightly shiny or opaque
with a conchoidal fracture, or as a brown powder. It has a strong and characteristic
odour and a bitter, unpleasant taste. It is soluble in hot aleohol, panlr soluble in
boiling water, practically insoluble in ether and in choloroform.
IDENTIFICATION REACTIONS
A. Shake 1 g of the powdered drug with 100 mI' of boiling water. Cool, add 1 g of
tale R and filter. To 10 mI of the filtrate add 0.25 g of sodium tetraborate R and
heat to dissolve. Pour 1 to 2 mI of the solution inro 20 mI of water. A yellowish-
green fluorescence appears which is particularly marked in ultraviolet light at 365
nm.
B. To 5 mI of the filtrate obtained in identification reaction A add 5 mI of bromine
water R. A yeIlow precipitate is formed and the sup~rnatant liquid is violeL
TESTS
Chromatography Examine by thin-Iayer chromatography using silicagel G R as
the coating substance.
Test solution Heat to boiling in a water bath 0.50 g of the powdered drug with 20
mI of methanol R. Shake for a tew minutes and decant the supernatant liquido Store
at about 4° and use within 24 hours.
Reference solution Dissolve 50 mg of barbaloin R in 10 mI of methanoI R.
Apply separately, as a band 15 mm long and not more than 5 mm wide, 5 1 of each
solution. Develop using a mixture of 100 voIumes of ethyI acetate R, 17 yolumes
of methanol R and 13 volumes of water over a path of 10 cm. Allow the soIvents
ro evapo rate, then spray with a 10 per cent w/v solution of potassinm hydroxide R
in methanol R. Examined in ultra-violet light at 365 nm, the chromatogram obtained
with the reference solution shows a yellow band with 30n Rf of 0.4 to 0.5. The chro-
matogram obtained with the test soIution shows a yellow b30nd with the s30me Rf
and, in the Iower pan, a light bIue fluorescent band corresponding to aloesine. After

47
heating for 5 minutes at no o a violet band just be!ow the band due to barbaloin ap-
pears on the chromatogram obtained with the test solution.
Loss on drying Not more than 12.0 per cent, determined on LOO g of the pow-
dered drug, by drying in an oven at 100° to 105°. .

ASSAY
Procecc che solucions trom líghc chroughouc che assay. Weigh accurately about
0.200 g of powdered drug into a 200 mI conical flask. Moisten with 2 mI of methanol
R, add 5 mI of water previously warmed to about 60°, mix, add a further 75 mI of
water at about 60° and shake for 30 minutes. Cool, filter through a filter paper into
a 1 000 mI volumetric flask, rinse the conical flask and filter with 20 mI of water,
add the rinsings to the volumetric curately about 0.200 g ofthe powdered drug into
a 200 mI flask and dilute to 1 000.0 mI with water. Transfer 10.0 mI of this solution
to a 100 mI round-bonomed flask cóntaining 1 mI of a 60 per cent w/v solution of
ferric chloride R and 6 mI of hydrochloric acid R. Heat under reflux for 4 hours
in a water bath arranged so that the water level is always aboye that of the liquid
leve! in the flask. Cool, transfer the solution ro a separating funne!, rinse the flask
successively with 4 mI of water, 4 mI of IN sodium hydroxide and 4 mI of water,
adding the rinsings to the contents of the separaríng funneL Extract the contents
of the separating funnel with three quantities, each of 20 mI, of carbon tetrachloride
R. Wash the combined carbon tetrachloride layers with two quantities, each of 10
mI, of water. Discard the washings, transfer the organic phase ro a volumetric flask
and dilute to 100.0 mI with carbon tetrachloride. Evaporate 20.0 mI carefully to
dryness on a water bath and dissolve the residue in 10.0 mI of IN sodium hydroxide.
Determine the extinction of the solution immediately in a 1 cm cell at 440 nm and
at the maximum at about 500 nm, using IN sodium hydroxide as the compensatíon
liquido
Calculate the content of anhydrous barbaloin, taking the specific extinction
E 11 per cent at the maximum at about 500 nm to be 200.
cm
AIso calculate the ratio Esoo nm/E44o nm. If this ratio is less than 1.9, the assay is not
valid and must be repeated.

ALOE CAPENSIS (Cape Aloes)

The drug ALOE CAPENSIS consists of the thickened juice of the leaves of various
species of Aloe, mainly Aloe terox Miller and its hybrids. It contains not less than
18.0 per cent of hydroxyanthracene derivatives, calculated as anhydrous barbaloin.

CHARACTERS
Cape aloes occurs in the form of dark brown masses tinged with green, with a shiny
conchoidal fracture, or as a greenish-brown powder. It has a strong and characteristíc
odour and a bitter and unpleasant taste. It is soluble in hot alcohol, partIy soluble
in boiling water, practically insoluble in ether and in chloroform.

IDENTIFICATION REACTIONS
A. It complies with identificaríon reaction A prescribed in the monograph on Aloe
Barbadensis.
B. To 5 mI of the filtrate obtained in identification reaction A add 5 mI of bromine
water R. A yellow precipitate is formed. The supernatant solution is not coloured
violer.

i.f7- ¡i
TESTS
Chromatography Carry out the test as
prescribed in the monograph on Aloe
Barbadensis.
Examined in ultra-violet light at 365 nm,
the chromatogram obtained with the ref-
erence solution shows a yellow band
with an Rf of 0.4 to 0.5. The chromato-
gram obtained with the test solution
shows a yellow band with the same Rf,
and, in the lower pan, two yellow bands
corresponding to the aloinosides A and
B as well as a blue fluorescent band cor-
responding to aloesine. After heating for
5 minutes at 110 0 no violet band appears
in the chromatogram obtained with the
test solution just below the band due to
barbaloin.
Loss on drying Not more than 10.0
per cent, determined on 1.00 g of the
powdered drug by drying in an oven at
1000 to 1050.
ASSAY
Carry out the assay as prescribed in the
monograph on Aloe Barbadensis using
about 0.400 g, accurately weighed, ofthe
powdered drug.

BIBLlOGRAPHY

MAISONNEUVE S.A., European Pharmacopoeia..

(1975) Vol. IIL France.
ERDE INTERNATIO;'l;AL, (April - June 1983), 1 (1).
7 - 16.

47 _ ¡ji
 THf GEL

Although it is desirable to slow the rate of the aerobic respiration

of the leaves on storage .by lowering O2 content, we found that the ideal

lowest temperature for storing the leaves prior to processing is between

40-55° c. The s torage area should be dark; that helps the retardatio·n

of the development of the off-flavors and discoloration.

Reducing the oxygen content in the storage area is also a valuable

factor, since it reduces the rate of the aerobic respiration. Besides

the high levels of CO 2 (greater than 10%) in the storage area can

significantly retard the growth oi the microorganisms that exist on the

surface oi the leaves. Relative humidity should be between 85-90, and

the leaves' maximum storage life was found to be seven weeks under these

conditions.

After che leaves of the plants are cut, they snould be stored in a

chilled place to maintain their aerobic respiration to allow the contin-

uation of the carbohydrate and the organic acid metabolism inside the

leaf and also the continuation of forming the protective coatings which

hinder microbial attack. Temperature will have to be suitably low so

that the major deteriorative reactions are slowed as much as possible.

The O2 level must be maintained to a degree that will not cause anaerobic

respiration which will lead to spoilage of the plants' leaves, since they

will start to produce alcohol and CO 2 if O2 is not enough. Note; O2 is

oxygen and CO 2 is carbon dioxide.

~{Jhen an Aloe leaf is cut or bruised, healing dead tissues in the

plant itself is due to the enzymic accivity of the Aloe gel.

It is to be considered that the Aloe leaves, being largely composed

of living tissues which are metabolically active, are constantly changing

48
in composition. The rate and extent of such changes can depend on the

growing conditions prior to harvest and the state of maturity.

THE GEL EXUDATION

lt was found to be essential to use freshly cut leaves because the

amount of exudate produced froID the cut surface declines after a few

minutes and cannot be stimulated by recutting the detached leaf.

The quality of the juice depends initially on the quality of the

plants. lncreased yield usually gives greater economic return to the

grower and the manufacturero

The mean size of the plants~ and accordingly of the leaves, is not a

good index of quality. A greater portion of the skin would be expected

in the larger leaves. This portion (outer cuticle skins) is normally

discarded in the processing.

lt would appear that increasing the size merely produces larger

cells ano water but no increase in the essential flavor ingredients. The

large plants may be dilute versions of small ones.

THE ALOE GEL - PHYSlCAL CHARACTERISTlCS

When the gel is freshly extracted, it is colorless, thick, slimy and

netted with connective tissues .. ~~en the solid gel is put into solution

by vigorous mixing, allowing the connective tissues to mince, the color,

odor and the organic ingredients will gradually change and decompose by

means of air, light and microorganisms.

The gel must be stored in a dark, cool place until processing for

stability. lt gets less slimy and less viscous on standing. When the

gel is f~esh, enzymatic content is in full activity and as the gel gets

49
 older it will lose its sliminess due to the hydrolization of its acetylated

carbohydrate contento Exposure of fresh gel to air and light causes it to

turn pink and eventually a light tan to brown. Heat and light, in particular,

catalize this reaction. Part of the fresh gel reactivity is due to its

content of reactive sugars. As the plant ages and becomes mature, its

content of these reducing sugars will be reduced. These sugars will be

converted into polysaccharides, which are less reactive. We personally

believe that dealing with Aloe vera gel that has been extracted from immature

plants will require different chemical treatment than if it was extracted

from mature plants.

Since the Aloe gel is rich with amino acids and sugars from the

carbohydrate content, then the darkening reactions will involve these

sugars and amino acids. Photolysis, or the effect of light on the gel, is

also a considerable factor.

Trace amounts of volatiles provide much of the character of the gel

in terms of its aroma and flavor. As examples in other fruits of such

~ folatility, ethyl-2-methyl buterate in apples and ionones in raspberries.

The Aloe vera gel is considered a perishable material of very short

shelf life. The shelf life of the gel has been maximized by stabilizing

the gel chemically.

50
J"!C;3~ ~ 1:a~ V1I3:1l aOTv aHI

.3:0

NOI.LISOa:wO:J Tv'JlRE:J aHI

.3:0 XafilS
 1'1"\
::c al
u c:
o
c:
-..i
::l
o-
<ll
~
..c::
::r: Cl ~
o <ll
u ,....¡
~ >-.
U
¡;
al
:z:. e
~
o ~ I
o o:: >-.
o >:
C/)
o
~
>-
o:::
-c
>-.
::c ..c::
-..i
U o

C()

-~
 o ~o..,
l..

OH
CH 20H

°2N N0'2 H3C OH

OH o OH
o

ALOETIC ACIb
ALOETINIC ACID

1, 8-Dihydroxy -3- (hydroxymethyl) - 2,4,5,7-

EMODIN
tetranitro-9, 10-anthracenedione.

1, 3, 6, 8 - tetranitro-4, 5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)
anthraquinone.
 C3
o
u

::c:
o

:z::
w
o o
=
o:::

-l
<:::t
z:
<
::c:
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u

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:r
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'<
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:r
1'1

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n
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:;J
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~
~
O
I
=i
Q.
::I:
1-'- :::':'
O :t:>
X :D
O c:::
'"
;::. :z
:r Q
'1
fñ
'n"
(1)
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 llJ
c::
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l.LJ ~
:z:: c::
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 ::c
N
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 The juice of the Aloe vera is mostly water. It contains 99.52% water.

The protein content of the Aloe juice was 2.5% as it was determined by

Kjeldahl analysis. In addition to sapogenin, variety of quinones and

anthraquinones, cellulose,' enzymes such as: carboxypeptidase, brady-

kiminase, catalase, amylase, and an oxidase -- also aloin and aloe-

emodin, the Aloe gel contains acid hydrolizable anthroglucosides.

When the juice of fresh Aloe leaves was studied in a nitrogen

atmosphere, aloin or barbaloin and P-courmaric acid, but no aloe-emodin

was found; presumably aloe-emodin was an artificate produced by air or

oxidation.

In a sample of Aloe vera gel, aloesin was found. In another sample

the principal constituent was barbaloin with some free aloe-emodin and

isobarbaloin. A thin-layer chromatographic study of some species of Aloes

showed that they contain flavanoids and coumarin.

ALOI~, ITS INTERNAL CONS~~TION }lliCHANISM

Aloin is a variable mixture of bitter pentosides, such as barbaloin,

aloe-emodin, isobarbaloin and beta-barbaloin, but the other constituents

of the drug aloin modify its action, inducing pelvic and especial rectal

congestiono For this reason it has less acceptance as a laxative, in fact,

the purgative senna has wider usage and higher acceptance when it comes to

laxativity than Aloe.

Aloin is a resin-free water-soluble extract of the Aloe. Because of

the absence of resin from the aloin, it has a mílder cathartic effect than

the Aloe gel itself. Aloin may cause renal or kidney irritation and color

the urine red if it's alkaline.

Aloin has been used in medicine as a laxative; it has a milder effect

51
 than the Aloe inspissated juice and for veterinary use it requires less

dosage than the Aloe itself. For example, for horses, from 8 to 10 grams,

and dogs between 120 and 600 milligram doses are recommended.

ALOIN IN THE PLANT LEAVES

Between the epidermis and the inner gel lie bundles of fibers composed

of p.alisade ce1ls which contain the bitter (sap) aloin, which increases in

amounts as we go towards the bottom of the leaf. When the leaves are cut

from the bottom, aloin will drip simultaneously as a bright, yel10w liquid

which will soon darken by air oxidation. This is called "sap" and contains

anthraquinone derivatives, especially aloins in a percentage between 18-25%,

which yie1d emodin upon cleavage in the intestine.

CHEMICAL EXIRACTION

Aloin is extracted by dissolving the ground Aloe in a ~~~E~chloric acid

-,
solution. Ammonia is added to precipitate the ±mpurities. The precipitant

is filtrated and then treated with calcium chloride to precipitate the

aloin. It is then treated with hot acidified water for crystallization.

Aloin can carry different names based on the kind of Aloe species that

it has been derived from. Such names would be Barbaloin, if Barbados aloe·

or Aloe barbadensis or the Curacao aloe has been the source of extraction.

Or, if it has been extracted from the socotrine Aloe or the Aloe perri,

it will be called socaloin and will be called capaloin i f it has been

derived fram the Cape aloe.

OTHER ALOIN APPLICATIONS

Because of the bitter flavor of aloin, it can be used .in the liquor

formulation from 5 to 2,000 parts per million in non-alcoholic and 130

52
parts per million in alcoholic beverages.

Aloin is intensely bit ter so that it is preferably administered in

pills.

Approximate
Plant Type Derived Aloin Percentage

Aloe Aloin

A. barbadensis Barbaloin

A. ferox Miller, Cape aloe Capaloin 6.75

Curacao Aloe (A. barbadensis), A. vera Curacaoloin 21.50

Socatrine or A. perri Baker Socaloin 8.75

CHEMISTRY

Slightly water soluble (2%);

Yields emodin plus arabinose when reacted with hydrochloric acid;

By oxidation it yields rhein acetate plus aloe-emodin acetate;

It is insoluble in alkali hydroxides;

Barbaloin is accompanied by isobarbaloin in sorne Aloes; isobarbaloin

is an anthraquinone derivative in a glycosidal form in the Aloe
gel; it is probably inactive by itself; upon release in the
intestine it undergoes cleavage, producing emodin and other active
anthraquinone derivatives. This cleavage is activated by iron
and bile salts.

Aloin, Barbaloin; 10-(1', 5'-anhydroglucosyl)-aloe-emodin-9-anthrone.

53
 The hydrolysis of barbaloin in acid solution gives a complex mixture

in which aloe-emodin and D-arabinose have been identified. By sorne

chromatographic methods, isoemodins have been found in samples of Aloe vera

gel. Isoemodin is 3, 5, 8-trihydroxy-2-methyl-anthraquinone.

5,/
ALOE-EMODIN/CHEMlCAL EXTRACTION

Orang e needl es from tolue ne, freely solub le in the

diffe rent solve nts,
such as alcoh ol, ether and benze ne, with yellow color
-- in ammo niacal
water and sulfu ric acid with purpl ish-re d color . It's used as a laxat ive.
The aloe-e modin , chemi cal name is 1, 8-dihy droxy -3-hy
droxy methy l-
anthra quino ne - empir acal formu la, Cls HlO 05.

lt occur s in the free state and as a glyco side in the

Aloes and the
rhuba rb and senna leave s.

Aloe- emodi n. When oxidi zed it will produ ce the rhein which will

produ ce chrys ophan ic acid upon furth er reduc tion.

 EMODIN

Anthr aquin one catha~tics such as emodi n in Aloe are parti ally
absorb ed from the intes tine and may cause disco lorati
on of the urine .
One of the breakd own produ cts, chrys ophon ic acid; behav
es as an indic ator,
being yellow when the urine is acidi c and red when it
is alkal ine. Emodin
has its effec t on the colon by incre asing the peris
taltic actio n.
The aloe-e modin is activ e on colon ic peris talsis . With zinc dust,
emodi n produ ces the 2-met hylan thrace ne which is used
as a purga tive
mater ial.

The aloe-e modin is produ ced upon cleav age of aloin in

the intes tine.
Aloe- emodi n has a milde r laxat ive effec t than the whole
Aloe mate rial.
Aloe- emodi n reduc es nause a or the stoma ch distur bance
.
A typic al anthra quino ne is emodi n which is abund ant
in the Aloe
gel (.8%) . Anthr aquin ones usual ly occur as glyco sides. There are some
other veget able drugs that conta in emodi n, such as casca
ra, senna ,
rhuba rb, and Aloe. As a matte r of fact, some of these veget ables conta in
highe r perce ntage s of emodi n than Aloe. These veget ables , in gener al, or
as drugs , are called anthra cene catha rtics. Their activ ity is limite d to
the colon area of the alime ntary canal .

QUINONES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

Quino nes are pigme nts that are of a large group of yellow
ish color .
They are found in the cell sap of many flowe ring plant
s. Over 200 of them
are known , rangin g in color from pale yellow to almos
t black .

56
&~LHRAQUINONE CONTENT OF THE ALOE GEL

CHRYSOPH&~IC ACID

Chemical name: 18-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone; or it can exist

in the alcohol form and it will be called crysophanol.

Empirical formula: CIS HlO 04. Occurs in free state and as a

glucoside.

Chrysophanic acid exists in many plants that are used as cathartics

such as cascara sagrada, Aloes and rhubarb. Actually, it exists in rhubarb

more than in Aloe. It is practically insoluble in water and slightly solublE

in alcohol. However, it is soluble in a solution of alkali-hydroxides. As

a glucoside, it will be called chrysophanein. Empirical formula: C2l H20 O~

It can be precipitated as a fine, yellow needles from alcohol, slightly

soluble in hot water and practically insoluble in cold water.

ALOETIC (ALOETINIC) ACID

Aloetic acid or as it is called, aloetinic acid is also called aloe

purple because it is the purple color of the aloe extract. It is an

aloe-emodin form. Chemical name: tetra-nitro-aloe-emodin which will

accordingly be an anthraquinone derivative. Chemical name: 1, 3, 6, 8-

tetra-nitro-4S-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone. Empirical

formula: CIS H6 N4 013.

It is prepared by oxidation of Aloe with nitric acid. Its orange

crystalline powder is slightly soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot

water with purple-red color.

THE ALOE ESSL~TIAL OIL

Aloe juice contains about 2% essential oil. The oil is pale yellow,

58
the liquid exhibiting a peculiar odour and an extremely bitter flavor.

The specific gravity of the oil is .863 and its boiling point is between

266-271° C.

INVESTIGATING STEROLS IN THE GEL

In analyzing the Aloe vera gel, some sterols have been found such as

campesterol and B-sitosterol, which are typical plant sterols, in addition

to traces of cholesterol which exists in higher plants as well as animals.

GEL LIGNIN

Lignin is a polymer that is found in wood in a percentage between

25 and 30%. It is an Aloe plant constituent also. It has been found

chemically similar to coniferyl alcohol. Like coniferyl alcohol, lignin

can be oxidized to vanilin and hydrogenated to compounds of cyclohexyl

propyl type. Lignin is used in laboratories to precipitate proteins. Lignin

confers considerable rigidity and toughness to the Aloe planto

THE ACID CONTE~~ OF THE ALOE VERA GEL

A wide range of organic acids are present in plant tissues. Glutamic,

malic, succinic and citric acids have been confirmed. Many of these acids

~re present in small quantities and are intermediaries in basic metabolismo

Some of the other phenolic derivatives of the Aloe vera gel that have

been determined are: aloesin and aloenin.

59
 STUDY OF

THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE

OF

ALOE VERA GEL

WATER

The predominant chemical s~bstance of the Aloe gel is water. The

amount of water in the growing plant depends on the amount of water

absorbed through the roots and the amount lost by transpiration.

The H2 0 content of the viable tissues assumes a characteristic

maximum value which is dependent on the state of complete turgor of the

component cells inside the tissues. Water is not always present in

sufficient quantities to maintain full tissue turgor.

GEL CARBOHYDRATES

INVESTIGATION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF THE ALOE VERA GEL

Aloe vera gel contains approximately .5% solids and 99.5% water. The

solids are composed mainly of carbohydrates, mORO and polysaccharides.

The polysaccharide composition of the mucilaginous gel isolated from

the fleshy leaves of the genus Aloe seems to vary widely with the species,

Aloe vera gel mainly consisting of several glucomannans along with traces

of galacturonic acid, galactose, xylose and arabinose. In addition, there

are also traces of two other polysaccharides, an arabinan and a galactan.

The polysaccharide composition of the Aloe vera plants has been found to

vary with the season.

The carbohydrate content of the gel is between .3 - .8%.

The Aloe gel is of high content of the fibrous hydrocarbons, cellulose,

hemicellulose, pentosans and pectic substances which form the aufbau of the

cell wall of the planto That's in addition to the free sugars or the mono-

saccharides. The monosaccharides are the simple sugars that have been

det~'~ined in the Aloe gel, and are the D-glucose, D-mannose, arabinose,

galactose and xylose. These simple sugars are basically aliphatic-poly-

60
hydroxy-aldehydes and ketones, or they are often called aldoses and

ketoses. The open chain structure of these sugars indicate their high

activity and in the Aloe gel these sugars tend to be oxidized, especially

when the medium is alkaline. This will include cellulose, hemicelluloses.

and pectins. Other non-carbohydrate material that is abundant in the gel

and the Aloe plant tissues is lignin.

Cellulose is largely insoluble and indigestable by humans; it is

preferable to extract and filter prior to using the gel internally or

incorporating it in different formulations.

Hemicelluloses are the group of polysaccharides that contain hexoses

and pentoses and residues of glucoronic acids. They can be named according

to the type oi sugar residues they contain, such as xylan and glucomannon.

The relative proportion oi cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins vary

greatly with the maturity oi the planto

Galacturoníc acid is the building unit oi pectin, which is a complex

carbohydrate polymer which serves as a structural role in the Aloe planto

The carbohydrate content oi the Aloe vera gel can then be summarized

as monosaccharides: glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and xylose;

polysaccharides: cellulose, hemicellulose and pentosans; and the third

category is the glycosides which are sugars that are condensed with non-

sugar material.

The carbohydrates of Aloe juice have been reported to be glucose

and a poly-uronide composed oi polyose containing glucose and mannons, and

hexuronic acids such as glucuronic, mannuronic and galacturonic acids.

When che gel is hydrolized, glucose and mannons, as well as traces of

galactosé, arabinose and xylose are produced.

61
 STUDY OF THE HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF THE WAXY LAMINA OF
THE ALOE PLA1~ LEAVES;
CONTRIBUTION TO THE ALOE TOXONOMY

The notic eably waxy leave s of the Aloe plant have been
studie d and the
wax mater ial has been isola ted from the leave s and
analy zed for their -hydro -
carbo n conte nt (alkan es and alken es) and the Aloe plant
s have been
class ified into group s and sub-g roups based on the
types of alkan es and
alken es in the diffe rent speci es of the planto

It has been found that the alkan e distri butio n patte

rn was subst antia lly
const ant withi n a speci es.

The cutic ular waxes from a large numbe r of the speci

es of the genus
Aloe have been extra cted by dippin g the leave s in chloro
form at room
tempe rature for 15 secon ds with gentl e agita tion.
The resul tant extra ct
was filter ed and then run for analy sis in gas liquid
chrom otogra ph. The
hydro carbo n patte rns are suffi cient ly consi stent withi
n each speci e of
Aloe to be consi dered as speci es speci fic.

62
 The following scheme is designed to clarify some of the terminology

and names of carbohydrates, being the major component of the Aloe and

its derivatives.

* is not a carbohydrate

** the stored carbohydrates in the plant cells will be

referred to as starch, dextrin, . However, in

animal tissues these stored carbohydrates are referred

to as glycogen and mucopolysaccharides. Mucopoly-

saccharides is improperly used to refer to some of

the polysaccharide content of the Aloe vera gel.

63
 carbolYdrates

Sacc arides

Polysaccharides
~ars I (glucans)

Mono-- di---

cellulose
glucose sucrose hemicellulose
fructose maltose pectics
galactose lactose dextrins**
lignin*
starch**
(glucans)
,- ~
hexosans pentosans heteroglycans

D-galactan L-arabinan galactomannan

D-mannan D-xylan glucumannan
arabinogalactan
arabinoxylan

oXi1ation
Acids

~ I
llexuronic penturonic gluconic
 THE ALOE GEL; AMINO AClDS; GENERAL DlSCUSSlON

The four amino acids , pheno alinin e, valin e, leucin e

and isole ucine ,
are abund ant in the Aloe vera gel. These parti cular four amino acids are
in plant prote ins in gener al.

Gluta mic acid, one of the amino acids that has been
abund antly found
in the Aloe vera gel, is indus triall y used as
atast e enhan cer; some of its
salts are used also, such as sodium glutam ate. Glyci ne is one of the
simpl est struc tured amino acids . lt is abund ant in the Aloe vera gel. lt
is indus triall y used as a sweet ener. Gluta mic acid amine , or glutam ine,
is an antig astria l duode nal ulcer drug. And it is abund ant in the Aloe
vera gel.

Amino acids decom pose therm ally at relati vely high

tempe rature :
betwe en 200 and 300 0 Centi grade .

Amino acids are the build ing block s of prote ína They are chemi cal
compo unds which conta in both basic amine and acidi c
carbo xyl group s.
There are 10 essen tial amino acids that the body canno
t synth esize
and they have to be suppl ement ed ready- made throug h
food and they are:
argin ine, histid ine, leuci ne, isoleu cine, methi onine
, threo nine, lysin e,
pheny lalani ne, trypto phane and valin e.

We have analy zed sampl es of fresh gel from Aloe plant

s of the
Barba densis speci es for amino acids ident ificat ion.
Eight out of the ten
essen tial amino acids have been determ ined to form
up to 47% of the total
amino acid conte nt in the gel. Argin ine is the most abund ant essen tial
amino acid in the gel. In some sampl es it was determ ined to be as high as
18% of the total amino acid conte nt, follow ed by histid
ine (up to 13% in
some sampl es.) The other non-e ssent ial amino acids will be synth esized
in

64
the body through dietary protein. The most abundant amino acids in the

Aloe gel in general are aspartic acid and its amide asparigine, glutamic

acid, arginine and serine.

65
National Acaderny of Sciences, National Research Council

RDA for rnale/fernale adults (USA) and

comparative dietary standards of sorne selected countries

Energy
Country Calories Protein Vitamin A Vitamin C l.'hiamine Riboflavin Niacin Ca Fe

Units Kcal g IU rng rng rng rng mg rng

USA 2700/2000 56/46 5000/ 1.000 45 1.4/1.0 1.6/1.2 18/13 800/1300 10/18

JAPAN 2500/2000 70/60 2000 60/50 1.1/ .9 1.3/1.0 20/16.600 10/15

ENGLAND 2700/2200 68/55 2500 30 1.1/ .9 1.7/1.3 lR/15 500 10/12

W. GERMANY 2550/2200 72/60 5000 75 1. 7/1.5 1.8 18/14 800 10/12

AUSTRALIA 2800/2000 70/58 2500 30 1.1/ .8 1.4/1.0 18/13 400-800 10/12

CANADA 2850/2400 50/39 3700 30 .9/ .7 1.4/1.2 9/7 500 6/10

Male/female, IU=International Units; Kcal=Kj/4.2

 The aminó acid con(e nt- 1n ~ompar1son to 5 6ther ju~c~s (rng!l gm)

Amino acid Aloe Juice Aloe Juice Lemon Juice 4 Orang e Juice 4 Lime Juice 4 Grape frult Juice 4 Pinea pple Juice
* **
~-~
.' Lysin e 1
8.3 2
5.97 23.0 9.0 36.0 17.0
.53 3 35.0 38.0
I Histid ine 3.1
13.92 9.4
.15
I Argin ine 4.8
4.82 11.1
4.49
.} Aspar tic acid 14.3
14.26 61.0 338.0 292.0 594.0
2.37 715.0 366.0

Aspar agine

3.44
Threo nine 5.6
4.68 15.8 tr
1. 23 19.0 29.0

i. Serin e 6.4
6.96 20.5 133.0 86.0 101. O 87.0 75.0
.( Glutam ic acid 14.3
21.6 60.3 134.0 91.0 110.0 171.0 184.0
2.94
Glutam ine

1.41
Hydro xy prolin e
.49 t- ..... ')() "
Proline
8.46 12.1 389.0 483.0 49.0 124.0 28.0
.29

Glycine 7.7
5.5 21.4 18.0 19.0 16.0 27.0 55.0
.67

Alanine 1.1
5.13 24.9 79.0 53.0 90.0 59.0 88.0
1. 77

Cystine .01

Valine 6.8
5.63 21.4 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 21.0
1. 09

Methionine 1.8
.94 2.2

Isoleucine 3.8
5.5 12.5 4.0 tr 11.0 tr 14.0
.65

Leucine 8.7
8.46 27.9 4.0 tr 9.0 tr 25.0
.53
Tyrosfne 3. i -----
l. 06 3.6 tr tr tr 106.0
.28

Phenylalanine 4.5
4.44 1.4 13.0 45.0 14.0 31.0
.43

Tryptophane
 1
TOTAL AMINO 100.4 2
ACIOS 117.83 328.5 1.183.0 1.192.0 1.093.0 1.467.0 1.131. O'
3
2/•• 51

Pure, fresh materials have been analyzed:

* Juice from conventionally grown plants, fields of Texas.
** Juice from hydronponically grown plants.

Percentage of essential amino acids present:

Aloe Juice Aloe Juice Lemon Juice Orange Juice Lime Juice Grapefruit Juice Pineapple Juice
* **
1
90
2 60 60
90 90 50 40 60
3
80

1
Fresh, stabilized, pure gel from plants conventionally grown in the open fields of south Texas - January 1982.
2
Sample of commercial juice, freshly prepared, believed to contain 5% DM water (by volume).
3 o
The material used was either fresh from the Aloe vera or lyophilized and stored (-15 C).
4 Precise methodology was a~~;oed ,arcj 1081. APAC Vol. 54, No. 6, 1971.
tr trace.
non found.
the amino acid cysteine was identified in sorne samples of pure gel.
 PRD-VITAMIN A
BIOACTIVITY AND IMPORTANCE

Vitam in A occur s natur ally in anima ls only. The vitam in A activ ity
of plant mater ials which may be high is due to their
conte nt of certa in
carot enoid s, which act as pro-v itami n A. Vitam in A is neces sary for
growt h, repro ductio n and maint enanc e of healt h. It is a compo nent of
visua l purpl e. Tbe defic iency of vitam in A ~ll lead to cessa tion of
growt h, night blind ness, kerat izatio n of epith elial
tissue s.
In addit ion to Aloe plant s, vitam in A is prese nt in
otber green and
yellow (and orang e) plant s. Vitam in A is the only fat solub le vitam in
that bas been found in the gel. It shoul d be under stood that the vitam in
in its matur e form can never exist in any plant tissu
e. Vitam in A activ ity
is conta ined in a numbe r of carote noids which are metab
olical ly conve rted
to Vitam in A after inges tion.

The struc ture of pro-v itami n A activ ity is most notic

ed in tbe Beta-
carote ne (B) which yield s two equiv alents of vitam in
A. When oxyge n is
mixed witb the gel, exten sive losse s of carot enoid s
may occur . Their
oxida tion react ion will be stimu lated by light and enzym
es.
Carot enoid s are fat solub le and water unsol uble. They are highl y
unsat urate d, and tbat cbara cteris tic gives rise to a
compl ete ultra viole t
and visib le spect ra wbicb accou nt for tbeir strong orang
e color .
Tbe pro-v itami n A assign ed by tbe USP for B-car otene
is .60 mg of
B-car otene = l USP unit of vitam in A.

Tbe activ e vitam in A is abund ant in some anima l sourc

es such as fish
liver oils.

The B-car otene is somet imes called pro-v itami n A, becau

se B-car otene
can be conve rted in the diges tive system of humans or
anima ls in gener al

66
into a substance which gives the activity of vitamin A.

The B-carotene contains two ionone rings; one is capable of splitting

upon digestion into two molecules of vitamin A, where the other contains

only one ionone ring and is therefore less active.

1 IU vitamin A = .6 ug = .006 mg of crystalline B-carotene.

RD dose of vitamin A in the gel is 5000 IU for the average adulto

RIBOFLAVIN

lt is quite stable in the gel under ordinary conditions, it is more

stable under acidic pR. lt is most readily lost if exposed to light. When

exposed to light, riboflavin converts into lumiflavin. lt is a stronger

oxidizing agent than riboflavin itself and can catalyze destruction over

other vitamins existing in the gel itself, particularly ascorbic acid. The

problem can be avoided if the gel is bottled in non-permeable, dark

containers. H2 0 2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) decomposes riboflavin. Daylight

destructs riboflavin.

Riboflavin - RDA is .5 - 2 mg.

Riboflavin or vitamin B2 or G is a part of several enzyme systems

involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates 3 fats and protein and in

oxidation processes in the cells. lts deficiency will lead into cessation

of growth and reproductive failure. lt is generally abundant in vegetables.

Riboflavin is additionally abundant in dry peas and wheat germ.

Thiamine

Thiamine is widely distributed in the 'plants throughout the plant

kíngdom.

Thiamine RDA is 1.5 mg.

67
B - CAROTENE

B - IONONE
 Vitamin Bl (thiamine) or aneurin, is a component part of an enzyme

required for carbohydrate metabolismo It maintains normal nerve functions.

Its deficiency will lead to 10ss of appetite and muscular weakness. Whole

grains and most vegetables contain thiamine.

Thiamine will be destroyed in neutral or alkaline solutions, it is

most active in pR 3.5-5. It will withstand temperature of 120 0 for 30

minutes without loss of activity. Sulfite will cause a cleavage of the

thiamine molecule in solution of pR 4-6. It is one of the least stable

vitamins, and it is susceptable to loss:'as the aloe gel is being cooked and

stored. Sulfites regularly cause destruction of the vitamin and also when

the gel medium is of alkaline pR.

NIACIN

All living tissues need niacin for normal metabolism since it is a

constituent part of the bielegically essential co-enzymes (1 and 11) in the

human and animal systems. Niacin is unaffected by light or pH and is

relatively stable te strong oxidizing agents.

Niacin is a component of co-enzymes involved in the tissue respiration.

Its deficiency will lead to loss of hair and dermatitis. It is found in

grains and seeds in addition te the aloe gel.

Niacin is relative1y resistant to heat, acid and a1kaline media. It

can be lost from the gel if it was leached, and its degradation will be'

parallel te the water soluble vitamins that existe

Niacin RDA is 17-21 mg.

68
 VITAMIN A

NIACIN
ACID FORM AMIDE FORtv1
(NICOTHINIC ACID) (NI COTINAMIDD
Ml'Ae r41 COYl +~Yl +-

The minerals that are most abundant in the Aloe vera gel are:

potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium. There are many other minerals

that have been found in the gel and the outer cuticle after it has been

dried, as well, such as phosphorus, silicone, iron, manganese, aluminum,

boron and barium. In addition to that there are traces of titanium,

nickel, molbdenum, copper, chromium, and tino

POTASSIUM, K

An abundant element in the Aloe gel and biologically necessary.

K is the most abundant cation of the intracellular fluids in the

human body. Deficiency of K causes weakness, and K ion takes part in the

metabolism of carbohydrate and protein. Aloe leaf analysis showed 6.5% K.

CALCIUM, Ca, A~1) lTS BlOLOGlCAL IMPORTANCE

Ca is the most abundant mineral element in the Áloe vera gel. It is

very essential to the blood clotting by stimulating the release of

Thromboplastin from the blood platelets and then catalyzes the conversion

of parothrombin to thrombin which is the complex that clots fibrinogin in

the blood and converts it into fibrin (the blood clot).

Ca is then the element that initiates these series of reactions that

lead to the forming of the blood clot. In addition to its essential

purpose in the blood clot formation, calcium activa tes series of enzymes

that are essential in the fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the body.

It activates the pancreatic lipase enzymes and the acid enzymes. Ca

also regulates the uptake of nutrients by the cells by controlling the

permeability of the cell membrane.

Ca deficiency will cause titany and rickets.

69
 Ca also regulates the nerves' impulse transmission by inhibiting the

formation of acetocholine in the brain and accordingly decreasing celi

irritability.

The Aloe gel is as rich in Ca as spinach. Ca content in the gel is

equal to whole cow's milk content of calcium!

THE SULFUR (S) CONTENT OF THE ALOE GEL

There is .2% total sulfur in the whole Aloe leaf.

S is present in the Aloe leaves as an inorganic-constituent and being

a part component of the amino acids in the body, S is a component of the

red blood cells and insulin.

Sulfur is essential for the sulfur containing amino acids present in

the body and the blood.

Cystine (.01 mg/ml gel)- and methionine (.94 mg-.0023 mlg/l gm gel);

these amino acids are essential for protein metabolism; they release their

sulfur in the body. Sulfur is a biologically important mineral.

THE GEL AND ITS IRON CONT&~T, Fe

Fe in Aloe gel forms .07-.32 mg/lOO gm gel. Fe is essential for blood

formation by being a principal constituent of the blood hemoglobin, liver,

spleen and bone marrow.

Fe deficiency leads to nutritional anaemia, resulting from the

reduction of the number of red blood cells. The Aloe gel contains 30%

higher iron content than milk!

Fe catalyzes the enzyme catalase in animals and peroxidase in plants.

They both convert H2 02 to li2 0 and °2 -

Catalase
Hyd_ogen peroxide--~----~--~> Water + oxygen
Peroxidase

70
MAGNES IUM, Mg

Mg deficiency results in a reduction in blood pressure.

Mg is as important as Ca in the bone formation. It also activates

the enzymes that are concerned in carbohydrate metabolismo .

SODIUM, Na

The major function of Na is related to the regulation of the osmotic

pressure inside the body, and it plays a significant role in the absorption

of carbohydrates. Plants generally are low in their Na contento

Check our analysis report for Mg and Na content in the Aloe gel.

THE COPPER CONTENT, Cu

The Cu percentage in the dry cuticle of the Aloe leaf was .002.

Cu is associated with iron -- Fe -- for the similarities in their

biological functions.

Cu promotes the maturation of the red blood cells, consequently in-

creasing their life time. Anaemia can result from Cu deficiency as well

as Fe deficiency.

Cu can be toxic if it is consumed in higher abnormal intake (50 mg/

day). It ci~J,5 the kidney tubulis with hemoglobin, causing kidney

troubles·. It activates enzymes such as amylases. It is a component of

certain enzymes in the plant tissues such as ascorbic acidoxidase and

phenolase which may exist in the Aloe tissues, causing the enzymic browning

upon oxidation in air or light.

THE PROTEIN CONTENT IN THE ALOE GEL

Tlle highest amount of protein that has been synthesized from the Aloe

vera gel was .06%. But Aloe vera, just like all the plants, is a poor source

71
of protein. Potatoes, for example, contain 1% protein.

If the Aloe gel is heated up to 100 0 C., all the protein content will

be inactivated and it will lose its functionality.

The amount of protein in plants gene rally varies between .5-3%. In

the Aloe gel the amount of protein was found to be .06%, however, most

information available on protein contents in plant tissues is inaccurate

because it is normally obtained by multiplying the nitrogen content of

protein which is 16% multiplied by the factor 6.35 to produce the crude

protein contento This method of calculation is normally used for conven-

ience and practicality more than accuracy. The inaccuracy arises because

appreciable amount of non-protein nitrogen often exists in plant tissues.

Aloe contains a considerable amount of non-protein nitro gen components such

as amines of amino acids (asparagine and glutamine) which has been determined

to be in the gel in considerable concentrations.

Refer to the amino acids part of this reporto

THE FAT CONTENT IN THE ALOE GEL

The fat substances are prominent in the protective surface of the plant

leaves. This includes waxes and cutin. The fat content in fruits and

vegetables is generally between .1-1%. In apples, for example, there is

0.06% fats. In the Aloe gel the fat content including the pro-vitamin A

(carotinoids) as being fat soluble materials was found to be approximately

.1%

72
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NUTRITIONAL CONTENTS OF THE ALOE GEL
FROH PLA~"'TS GROWN IN TliE OPEN FIELDS A~l) PLANTS GROWN INSIDE'
GREENHOUSES HYDROPONICALLY

The amino acid content and the analysis figures sho~ed a little over

200 percent increase in the amino acid content in the hydroponically

grown plant's gel.

There ~as also more (fats) wax in the thick leaves of the open-field

grown plant's gel and there was over 200% increase in the calories of the

hydroponic gel, ~hich, accordingly, means an increase in the carbohydrates

content, ~hich sho~ed about 160% increase.

There ~as an approximate 25% increase in the amount of calcium in

the hydroponic gel and almost 200% increase in the iron contente Also,

the free acids content sho~ed 180% increase in the hydroponically-grown

gel.

CO}~ARISON BETWEEN THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE ALOE GEL

FROl1 PLANTS GROWN COMHERCIALLY L'J FIELDS AND THAT FROH
HYDROPONICALLY GROwN PL;"l~TS

Introduction: There is no doubt that a great part of the industry

that has been established on the Aloe various

extracts have to do ~ith nutrition; the gel of the

plant leaves has been incorporated into drinks for

energy, nutrition and medicinal purposes. This

view will discuss the nutritional and energy values

of the Aloe gel.

"7')
 Per 100 grams of pure, fresh unadu lterat ed Aloe gel
(A. barba densi s speci es
used - 1982) , we have found the follow ing:

Nutri ents in the Nutri ents in the

Aloe vera gel Aloe vera gel
In plant s grown conve ntiona lly In plant s grown hydro ponic al1y
Carbo hydra tes .30%
Calor ies .80%
1.73- 2.3 4.06
Fats .05-.0 9
Prote ins .051
.01-0. 061 0.063
Vitan rins:
Vitam in A 2-4.6 IU 2 IU
Vitam in C 0.5-4 .2 mg 22.5- 23.1 mg
Thiam ine .003-. 004 mg .001- .. 005
Ribof lavin .001-. 002 mg .003
Niaci n .038- .04 mg .018-. 04
Calciu m 9.92-1 9.92 mg 24.9
Iron .06-.3 2 .261-. 320

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DRIED CUTICLE OF ALOE VERA LEAVE

S
After exuda ting the gel from the fresh matur e Aloe vera
1eave s
(hydr oponi cal1y grown , 2 1/2 years old)~ a semi- quant itativ e spect rogra phic
ana1y sis was perfor med on a powde red sampl e of the ~ried peel of the leave s.
The resul ts of the analy sis showed the follow ing eleme
nts as major
const ituen ts in the Aloe leave s' peel:

Potas sium 30%

Calciu m 20%
Magne sium 18%
Socium 8%
Phosp horou s 1%
Nitrog en and Nitra tes 1%

The prece ding resu1 ts were based on:

7.5% moist ure conte nt in the samp1 e;

The eleme nts indic ated were repor ted as oxide s.

74
 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID CONTENT OF rIlE ALOE GEL IN COMPARISON TO OTHER POPULAR JUICES

The pratein nutritianal value is a qualitative, not a quantitative, factor. Protein's

quality is measured by its eontent of the essential amino aeids, how many and how mueh of them
are there, with the eomparison study in this. One can notiee that the Aloe gel eontains 90% of
all the essential amino aeids, and most of the popular juiees contain between 20-70% of all the
essential amina aeids. However, the cantent of these nutrients i8 greatly surpassed by sorne
fruit and vegetable juices.

ug/gm Aloe Aloe

Essential Conventionally lIydroponically
Amina Aeid Grown Grown Grapefruit Apples Lemon Lime Oran~_fineapple

Arginine 4.8-4.82 11.1

Valine 5.63-6.8 21.4 11. O tr 10.0 11.0 10.0 21.0

Histadine 3.1-13.92 9.1.

Isoleucine 3.8-3.98 12.5 tr 4.0 11. O tr 14.0

Leueine 8.46-8.7 27.9 tr 4.0 9.0 tr 25.0

Phenyalanine 4.44-4.5 14.0 14.0 13.0 45.0 31.0

Tryptophane

Lysine 5.97-8.3 23.0 35.0 9.0 17.0 36.0 38.0

Threonine 4.68-5.6 15.8 19.0 tr 29.0

Hethlonine 0.94-1.8 2.2

TOTAL (Approximate) 52.0 137.3 79.0 tr 40.0 48.0 91.0 158.0

--none found

Copyright: United ALOE Technologist Assoeiation

 bel proc.e:sSJ n3
THE ALOE GEL ENZYMES, GENERAL OVERLOOK

The enzymes that have been identified in the Aloe gel so far belong to

hydrolases and oxido-reductases categories. Hydrolases include: amylase

and lipases. Amylase exist in the pancreatic juice in the body; it con-

verts starch into dextrines and maltose. Lipases exist in the gastric and

pancreatic juices and convert fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Amont ·the oxido-reductases there are oxidases, peroxidases, catalases.

Peroxidase and catalase are the most active enzymes in the Aloe plant

tissues.

The enzymic action in the gel will generally decompose at 60° C. or

140 0 F.

All the enzymes exist in the cellular mitochondria of the plant's cell.

Oxidases add oxygen to the substrate. Peroxidases and catalases liberate

oxygen and H2 0 2 for the organic peroxides. Most of these enzymes show

optimal activity in the range between 30-40° C. and begin to denature

around 45° C.

The main purpose of heating ih the process of stabilizing the Aloe vera

gel is the inactivation of the enzymes; lipase, phenolase, catalase and

peroxidase.

The process of enzyme inactivation is regarded as effective when the

heat resistant enzyme peroxidase is no longer active. Peroxidase is an

enzyme that is occurring abundantly in the Aloe vera plant; it reacts with

the ascorbates and phenols in the gel and oxidizes them, producing a highly

colored producto

Since peroxidase is very heat resistant, and is widely distributed in

the Aloe ~lant tissues, it must be used as an indicator for the effectiveness

for substerilizing of heat treatment. If peroxidase is destroyed, so are

76
I 6' ,. J.' f'

o. dwa.L
Ob 08 OL O" 05 oh ot" oC' (JI

01

DI::

O~

~
oh Ñ
~
ro
os. ""
~
~:
-<
o~ ~
O

oL

02

ob

001
 other enzym es of conce rn. If enzym es are not comp letely inact ivate d, their

regen eratío n can take place upon storag e at low

tempe rature . This can be
an impor tant matte r with the gel stabi lizati on
prior to storag e and
marke ting. Since their regen eratio n can have a detrim ental
effec t on the
senso ry qualí ty and nutri tiona l value of the gel.
As the moist ure conte nt
incre ases, the susce ptibi lity of the enzym e to
heat inact ivatio n incre ases.
Enzym es requi re moist ure for activ ity and enzym
ic react ion is usual ly
carrie d out on moist ure level s rangin g from 50-95%
; more dilut e solut ion
makes the enzym ic react ion ineff icien t and weak.

The enviro nmen tal condi tions that influe nce the
enzym e activ ity are
the pH value , tempe rature , and moist ure at extrem
e pH; the enzym e activ ity
usual ly decre ases, and the unwan ted pheno lase activ
ity (optim um pH of 6.5)
can be avoid ed by reduc ing the pH of the medium
to below 6. This is
frequ ently accom plishe d in the Aloe or its deriv
ative s by addit ion of
natur al acidu lants, as menti oned, such as citric
acid.

TEMPERATURE

As the tempe rature incre ases, the rate of destr

uctio n of enzym es
incre ases. A term which is often used to expre ss the effec
t of tempe rature

React ion veloc ity at tempe rature T + 10° C.

QIO = React ion veloc ity at tempe rature T

on enzym ic reacti ons is QlO~ which indic ates that the react ion rates

appro ximat ely doubl e for each 10° incre ase in tempe
rature until enzym e
denat uratio n takes place .

BROWNING - A PHYSlCAL PHENOMENON

When the tissue s of the Aloe leave s are broke n

and expos ed in air,
notic eable darke ning or disco lorati on will occur
. It's gener ally accep ted

77
that the cutting of the tissues releases enzymes which promote the air

oxidation of the pigments and the _phenolic and polyphenolic ingredients

in the gel or the leaf tissues. This oxidation will release colored

substances. Vitamin C, sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite which release

sulfur dioxide have been tested usable to suppress the discoloration of

the Aloe gel.

The darkening of the gel of the sliced leaves is due to the action

between air and certain oxidative enzymes and substrates such as amino

acids, tannin and anthraquinones.

BROWNlNG - lTS lNHlBlTlON BY PROCESSL~G - GENERAL STUDY

We have noticed that the more tissues, fibers and solids in ,the exuded

gel, the higher the possibility of browning.

Also, the higher the acid content in the gel, the faster the rate of

ascorbic acid depletion; however, this rate of depletion followed by

browning action is inversely proportional to the level of the oxidative

inhibitors applied, such as the bisulfates which release sulfur dioxide

to the medium.

lf the gel is exposed to enough oxygen, an amount of ascorbic acid

will be reduced and the color will start to darken.

PHYSIOCHEMICAL VIEWS OF THE ALOE GEL DlSCOLORATION (DARKENING, BROWNlNG)

The Aloe vera gel undergoes oxidative and non-oxidative bro,~ing which

requires the presence of the oxidase enzymes that have been determined to

be in the gel.

Exposure of the cut surface to air results in rapid browning due to

enzymic oxidation of phenols to anthraquinones which in turn rapidly

7R
polymerized to form brown pigments or melanin. The phenolase in the

enzymes that commonly catalyze this oxidation or polyphenol oxidase.

Phenolase enzymes contain copper; consequently enzymic activity is evident

when oxygen and copper are presento Thus if damage to plant tissue is

sufficient and oxygen is present, browning occurs. Such operations as

cutting, peeling, fileting and bruising are sufficient to cause enzymic

browning. There are two kinds of reactions that phenolase catalyzes in

the Aloe gel and they are: hydroxylation and oxidation.

Enzymatic browning is due to the reaction between enzymes, such as a

polyphenolase with oxygen and suitable phenolic substrate. Browning of

the gel cannot occur unless preceded by initial oxidation.

Tissues that discolor have a combination of low concentration of

ascorbic acid and highly active phenolases. The unstrained action of

phenolases on an orthophenolic or a substrate in the presence of oxygen

causes the formation of the coloring or darkening compounds. Browning,

which occurs on the cuts or the bruised surfaces of the Aloe plants,

results when polyphenol oxidase or phenolase catalyzes oxidative conver-

sion of phenolic substances to brown end products known as melanoidins.

Aloe contains glycosides of anthraquinones that are sensitive to air,

sun and heat.

As the first step of browning reaction can take place enzymically,

the following criteria is to be considered:

l. The gel oxidation will lead to polymerization and then to

the brow~ melanin pigments.

2. Phenolase is active in the Aloe gel between pH 5 and 7.

3. At lower pH value of approximately 3 the enzymes are

irreversibly inactivated.

79
 Initial reaction rate

UJ

..;:.

""
--o
I 6'-

....\
:Jl
CI)
< .f-
~
~DI I O
CT I en ~
¡¡;
al 3"
5"
DI
~ \ e
3
~ -< -o
;:- ~

......
e
~
O'
:::J
J

Instantaneous lOactivation
"

Moisture content

)
BROWNING - MECHANISM
As we mentioned before, natural browning occurs in the juice by

oxidation of o-diphenolic compounds by oxygen mediated by the polyphenol

oxidase enzymes.

Non-enzymic browning involves reactions of carbonyl compounds. Such

reactions will be oxidat1on of ascorb1c acid or bydrolys1s of the Aloe

gel glycosid1c carbohydrates. Non-enzymj.c brown.1ng react10ns of carbo-

hydrates also lead to h:ighly reactive carbonyl compounds which may react

with certa1n vitamins in gel and causes nutr1tive degradation.

NATURE OF BROWNING
As an initial phase of decay, Aloe plant material undergoes browning

reaction which can lead, after a sufficient period of time, to their

complete decomposition to coal. This browning phenomenon 1s very well

noticed in the cut Aloe vera leaves 1f they are left exposed to air and

11ght and al50 in some oeher vegetables and fruits, such as potatoes,

eggplant and apples. The browning reaction 1S usually initiated by the

involvement of enzymes and then the proceeding reactions may or may not

involve the presence of such enzymes.

Now, leaviDg the cut Aloe leaves or the gel in an alkaline medium

changes the phenol compounds and inhib1ts the browning process. This

process can be accomplished by dipping the cut parts of the leaves or the

gel in a bisulfite solution immediately after they are cut ta prevent

color change. Then they are soaked in a weak solut10n of potassium

phosphate to remove excess bisulfite and supply the necessary alkaline

medium.

80
 These enzymic browning reactions are considered desirable in some

industries, such as tea fermentation and sugar browning. However, in our

Aloe processing industry it is very desirable to prevent such reactions

from taking place.

We have suggested numerous methods to inhibit enzymic browning

because of its undesirable effects on the fresh gel and its derivatíves.

These methods include:

Exclusion of 02 or using anti-oxidants such as ascorbate or using

acids such as citric acid to lower pH to less tban 5 or treatment with

502 or sulfites, since sulfites in concentration as los as 1 PPM have

been observed to inhibit the phenolase enzyme system. Apparently $02

may directly inhibic the enzymes or may act as che quinone product and

reduce it back to the original phenols.

An interesting mechod for controlling enzymic browning in the cut

leaves or che extruded gel is to add or induce the enzymem-o-methyl-

transferase.

The basic key te the inhibition of the enzymic browning would be the

elimination of the essential components of the browning reactions or

deactivation of the phenolase enzyme. These essential components are:

oxygen, phenolase enzyme, copper and the substrate. Reagents can be used

to remove the copper from the enzyme in order to i.nactivate it, and that

leads to the necessity of using a chelating agent; we have reported

desirable results by using EDTA and its salts.

Heat treatments or the application of sulfur dioxide or sulfite are

commonly used to inactivate the phenolase. The phenolase activity can

also be inhibited by the addition of suffic1ent amounts of citric acid

to lower the pH to 5 or less.

81
 The anti-oxidant creacmenc.should cake place before any darkening

eccurs to the gel.. That t s why the gel wi.ll bave to be treated as sean as

it is extruded from the Aloeleaves, and the processing will have to take

place at low temperatures and sean to go slowly up to che maximum temper-

aCure of processing. Heating as applied in blanching destroys che oxidative

enzymes which cause discoloration but may alter flavor and texture i f cen-

t:inued sufficiently ce c01llplete1y inactivate oxídat1ve enzymes. Lowering

pH by add1tion of citric acid alone substant~ly decreases the activity ef

natural celor-producing enzymes in Aloe. To inhíbit darkening, anti-

oxidants whi.ch interfere with the actl.on of the air on the darkening reac-

tion vill effect1vely delay discoleratien to a practical degree witheut

affecting the appearance or cexture of the gel.

As long as adequate ascorbic acid i5 present, tbe darkening compounds

are reduced back to the original phenolic components prohibiting the brovn-

ing from happening. Yhen. the ascorbic add content of the Aloe gel 1s

exbausted, che browni.ng components no longer serve as an incermediate in

chis reacticn. Polymerization occurs at tlds stage, and browning becomes

irreversible. Tbe actíon was reversed by addíng sufficient ascorbic acid

to remove mOS1: of the darkening components. Enzyml.c browning can be

delayed ín che presence of adequate amounts of ascorbic acid sprayed on

the gel pulp wh:ile grinding. Thus che j uice or che gel being extruded will

be kept in a natural lighc color until it is quickly pasteurized, and then

the proceeding steps of stabilizacion are app1ied.

Tbe phenc1ic components wil.l not be orldized co ehe dark quinones in

che presence of an anti-oxidant 5uch as ascorbic ac:id. The o-quinones 50

formed are reduced back to the o-di.phenolics by ascorQic acid as ve add it

82
which is itself oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid. Only when no reduced

ascorbic acid remains are brown products formed by polymerization of the

quinones •

Oxygen should be removed from the gel tissues by ad~nistering an

anti-oxidant or by inactivating the enzymes by heating. The oxidative

enzymes in the fresh, unheated gel, as well as the freshly cut leaves,

contribute to the decomposition of ascorbic acid in the presence of

oxygen. Even when the enzymes are dest:royed by heat, oxygen remains

dissolved in the juice and in the kettle or the bottle head space and

oxidation of ascorbic acid proceeds at arate proportional to the in-

creasing temperature and increasing pR.

These enzymes will release the reactive reducing sugars from their

conjugates. These act:ive unsaturated sugars will undergo different

reactions:

l. The sugars will undergo ring-opening reactions that will

lead to their decomposition.

2. The natural pH of the freshly extruded Aloe vera gel is

between four and five. When this pE value is shifted to

less tban three'or more than seven (for example, by heating

or by microbial effect or by adding acids or alkaline), the

sugars in the gel will undergo enolization reaction.

Enolizat1on reaction will proceed more rapidly in the

alkaline medium. In other words, if t:he gel pH is about

seven. Enolization reaction involves the polyhydroxy

aldoses and ketoses and the acyclic carbonyl forms, (enol

is OH-c:c).

83
 3. Dehydration reaction -- when the gel medium has become acidic,

or is heated well above the ambient temperature, the sugars

will lose their water by dehydration, and consequently they

become unsaturated and highly reactive. This will lead to

the f ormation of the corresponding aldehydes. Th1.s particular

reaction can take place during the pasteurization process of

the Aloe vera gel. Browning is simply the formation of these

unsaturated polymers or chemicals thae are highly reactive,

and tbey tend to react w1th the air and tbis reactio~ 1s mostly

catalized by the light.

Darkening occurs more rapidly at higher temperature. Ultraviolet

radiation has an inducing effect on the browning process. Also, browning

is induced tremendously in the presence of amines and/or amino acids.

Degradative reactions, such as oxidatio~reduction. ring-arrangement

or modification and polymerization, can be brought about by exposing the

Aloe g~l to the light of certain intensity and for a certain amount of time.

During Aloe gel processing and storage, non-enzym:Lc browning can take place

when reducing sugars and protein react in the presence of water to fOral

brown pigments. This results in the production of off-flavors and loss of

prote1n nutritional va1ue. This 10ss i5 partially due to the fact that

lysine, an essential amino acid, i5 a primary reactant, and we bave found

a range of lycine in the Aloe vera gel between 5.27% and 6.14% of the total

amUlO acid content.

The non-enzymic browning will increase as the amount of water in the

Aloe increases. This moisture amount will result in a much greater reaction

rate than if the water amount was less or if the material was dry (dehydrated).

84
TBE GEL PRODUCTS AND BACTERIAL ATTACK
isms tha~
The micro biolo gical proce ss which 1s cause d by micro organ
are as follow s:
can cause spoil age i f certa in extri nsic condi t1ons ex1s~
factur ing
A) Kicro organ isms exist in the gel media throu gh bad manu

proce dures or a conta minat ed ingre dient or 1ngre dient5 ;

B) Micro organ isms' nutr1 ent avail abili ty;

oxyge n,
e) Envir onme ntal condi tions avail able such as tempe rature ,

the pH value , water act1v 1ty and the influe nce of some

ingre d1ent s.
paste ur1ze d
If the gel 15 not antis eptic ally handle d and comp letely

befor e 1t i5 packa ged for consu mptio n, bacte ria - espec ially anaer obic

rat10 n set5 insid e

type -- vill cause deter 1orat ion, since inaero b1c respi
Ihese micro -
the bottl es since the oxyge n 1s absen t or insuf f1c1e nt.
high conce ntrati ons,
organ isms will produ ce carbo n dioxi de, the gas that in
d be steri le.
will damage the gel nutri tious ly. The gel produ cts shoul

When a 'prod uct 1s sterl le, it means that i~ doesn I ~ conta in any viabl e

micro organ isms. A viabl e organ ism is the one that is able to repro duce
When apply 1ng
when expos ed to the requi red condi tious for its growt h.
Chat
hea~ ~o the gel produ cts for steri llzat ion, 1t shoul d be recog nized
the veget ative
bacte rial spore s show much highe r heat resist ance than
of 1ts deriv a-
bacte ria.1t is essen tial, when steri lizin g the gel or any

tives , to assur~ chat the hest of steril 1zat1 on 15 h1gh enough to

to be elimi nated .
destr uct the spore s of the micro organ isms that are aimed
ly). This
The gel, when bottl ed, w1l1 have to be seale d (herm etical
gro~h of the
will preve nt recon tamin ation and this will preve nt the
es), since they
micro organ ism that requi res oxyge n, (the oblig ate aerob
O~.
canno t grow suffi cient ly in a media that lacks

85
 If the produ cts are stored in wareh ouse of 1000 F. or less,
this will
preve nt the anaer oba bacil lae fram growi ng and conta minat
ing the produ ct,
in that pH 4.5 or more bacte ria, such as clost ridia
, can grow ideal ly in
the gel media aerob ically and anaer obica lly. Lacti c acid
bacte ria shoul d
be of major conce rn when study ing the prese rvatio n and
stabi lizati on of
the Aloe gel since they produ ce an off-o dour ident ified
as 2-etho xy hexa- 3,
5-die ne from the prese rvativ e ascor bic ércid which 1s releas
ed into the ge¡
medium upon using potas sium sotila te as a prese rvativ e.
When the pH of the
gel (prod ucts) vas raise d aboye 4.5, clostr idium and bacil
lus type bacte ria
were found . Mi.cro organi sms of the bacil lus type bave been
found in the gel
in bottle s that were not caref ully seale d. Bacil
lus are of the (obli gativ e
aerob e) type; howev er, there are other kinds of them that
are anaer obic and
they cause sourin g of the gel if they grow insid e tbe conta
iners .
Usual ly bacte rial deter iorat ion occur s well befor e chemi
cal or
physi cal chang es can be notic ed. Bacte ria grow under a vide range of envir on-
menta l condi tions and are respo nsibl e for a varie ty of
Changes in the gel.
Some bacte ria, for examp le, produ ce acids while other s
procu de off-f lavor s.
The enzym atic activ ity can be deriv ed from the natur al
sY$tem in
the Aloe or deriv ed from micro bial growt h.

COLD PROCESSING TE ALOE GEL

We belie ve, along with many other peopl e, that the 1IIOS t effec tive fortO.
of the gel f or inter nal or exter na! use has been the fresh
ly extru ded gel
from the leave s. Stabi lizing the gel by mea.ns of heat
proce ssing or chemi cal
treatm ent or both i5 thoug ht to bave destr uctiv e effec ts
to the nutri tiona l
and the medic inal quali ties of the gel by some peopl e.

It shoul d be well ackno wledg ed thoug h 2 that the modern

techn ology of .

86
food processing has achieved great success in maintaining the natural

qualities of the processed foods that we consume in our everyday life, that

is to say, that processing the Aloe gel to produce concentrates or different

extracts by means of heat and chemicals should no longer be connoted with

loss of value as long as proper processing technelogy and methodology have

been applied.

Stabilization processing of the gel is that one technique or group

of teclmiques .that chiefly aim to maintain the natural qualities of the

gel as close as possible to their nature before the gel was forced out of

its mother shelter (the leaf). Ihis technique(s) must involve application

of heat for chemical and majorly sterilizational reasons.

Cold process, as a term is improper and non factual in the Aloe vera

industry. However, it has been conveniently used by some processors to

indicate that their (processed) Aloe gel carries all its natural qualities

and its constituents have not been discurbed.

Freezing and refrigeratien are the only known processes that we may

describe as (cold), however they are unfeasable te the economics and the

nature of this industry.

Heat sterilization is a necessity, since the Aloe gel is processed

and traded to be used in drinks and cosmetic items for human consumption.

PROCESSING ALOE VERA LEAVES FOR STABILlZATION

The following schematic project is designed to clarify che different

processing steps through which -- we recommend -- the Aloe vera leaves

should go until the final product is obtained in a stable form, either

pure, in a drink or in a cosmetic formulacion.

87
 Aloe Vera

Fields or greenhouses [

,,1/
Leaves Assembly

Healthy, mature,
complete leaves

Brushing, washing,
disinfection, rinsing

Natural Asceptic drying, Fresh & frozen

medicine towels, air, ...• - food preparation
Vol. 11, 1983

1/
Peel or rind
lB with bitter aloinu l- - - - - -
Peeling or filleting
~------------~----------~
I I Exuded gel
1
,11
1
Ascorbic acid Exuded gel mincing & Citric acid 50%
solution spray mixing solution spray
1 EH 3-4

Centrifugation
or filtration

~
Clear Aloe vera gel ~ Freeze-or
ready for processing Concentrating 1 ~spray
~------------~------____--i drving
 t
Refer to the stabilization
processing
parts of this work

'Y

Stabilized, clear
pasteurized gel

~--~I-~
Industry Industry
As is Chapters Chapters
of this
work 1

For cosmetic For drinking

and & beverage
Pharmaceutical preparations
preparations

..
ti
i ¡
Oil
Extra ction Peel or rind •
I with bitte r
aloin
./
.... prOM pet~e l

Dryin g &
powde ring

r
50% water solub ility/ Capsu lation or
powde r can be mued with used as laxative
chemi cals and used as (disad vanta geous )
ferti lizer

...
NECESSITY OF STABILIZATION

Because of the sensitivity of the fresh Aloe vera gel to air, light

and microorganisms, the material will have to be organoliptically

preserved, i.e., color, odour, taste and nutritional contente Stabiliza-

tion is the term that's applied to refer to the process of maintaining

these characteristics of the fresh, natural gel unchangeable.

FACTORS AFFECTING STABILITY OF THE GEL AND ITS PRODUCTS

Each ingredient in the gel or its products can affect the stability

of the final product. Environmental factors, such as temperature,

radiation, light, air (specifically oxygen, carbon dioxide and water

vapor) and humidity can also affect the stability. In addition to that,

theparticles in the product and its size, the pH value and the properties

of the water and the other solvents employed, the nature of the container

and the presence of other chemicals that are resulting from contamination

or that have been mixed in the product intentionally or extrinsically.

Throughout this study we should gain enough knowledge concerning the

proper environmental conditions to which the gel should be applied before,

during and after processing, also the proper chemicals to add and the

techniques followed to avoid side reactions or interreactions of undesirable

results.

THE NUTRITIVE DEGREDATION OF THE GEL

When the leaves are trimmed from their mother plants, there is nutrient

loss which should be expected. During the leaf washing, blanching and

cooking, there is a significant loss of the water soluble nutrients also.

The natu~e of this loss depends on the pH value, temperature, the ratio

of water to solids and the maturity of the leaves. Blanching the leaves

88
lead to the most apparent nutrient losses. lt is normally accomplished

with steam or hot water as a preliminary step in the process of stabiliz-

ing the gel. Steam blanching can result in a small loss of nutrients if

leaching is minimized during processing. Leaching during blanching or

cooking can be almost eliminated by any microwave method which is still

unfortunately nonpractical until today in this voluminous industry. The

traces of oxygen left may be sufficient to start a chain reaction.

Consequently, it is necessary to add agents such as anti-oxidants and

chelating agents to obtain full protection against oxidative degradation.

Reduction of oxygen concentration alone from the gel while being processed

is not sufficientinmany cases to completely prevent the degradation from

occurring.

FACTORS AFFECT NUTRITlONAL VALUE OF TEE ALOE GEL DURING STORAGE

a) Initial nutrient content; b) the time-temperature history for the

product in all the distribution channels; c) the packaging quality in terms

of the O2 , water vapor and light permeability; d) relative humidity; e) the

exposure of oxygen; f) the initial amount of oxygen; and h) the head space

O2 content inside the containers.

It is difficult to make a general statement as to the loss of nutrient

value that occurs in the processed gel during storage. Certainly the gel

will suffer varying amounts of deterioration in the nutritional value

during the period between harvest of the plants from the field and

consumption. For instance, we have found that approximately 10% of

vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is expected to be lost during the storage,

espec~ally if the gel product is stored for a period of time exceeding

six months at 65° C. warehouse temperature.

89
GEL-INTERREACTIONS

During heating the Aloe gel tissues and the protein contained will

start to denature and aggregate; enzymes will also be inactivated. When

the polysaccharides are hydrolyzed, the resulting sugars will react with

protein; however, this is of minor concern because of the low concentration

of protein in the Aloe gel.

During stabilization, an anti-oxidant is used for several purposes

such as color stability, enzyme inactivation and as an oxygen repellent

or scavenger; asco'rmic acid has been ideal anti-oxidant for those purposes.

Ascorbic acid or Vitamin C, as we have discussed before, offers some

protection but this is of relatively short duration because of the

destruction of ascorbic acid by natural enzymes and airo Vitamin C

activity is not necessary in this application. It is only the anti-oxidation

effect that is expected by employing ascorbic acid. There are some important

factors that have to be considered in using ascorbic acid in the stabili-

zation formulations and processing of the Aloe gel. These considerations or

factors would be the oxidative enzymes present in the fresh gel, pasteuri-

zation methods, light and heavy metal contamination and sulphur dioxide

content (if employed as an auxiliary anti-oxidant).

When the ascorbic acid supply is exhausted, oxygen attacks the Aloe

phenolic components and then oxidation, followed by polymerization, will

yield the darkening components in the gel producto

Al~I-OXIDANTS USED FOR STABILlZATION

Stainless steel kettles and utensils are highly recommended when

drinkable products are to be prepared from the Aloe gel. Ascorbic acid,

which functions by oxygen scavenging, is used as an anti-oxidant, particu-

90
larly in closed systems to remove oxygen in the head space and in solution.

*Suitable food grade phosphates can be used along with extracts of

plants such as rosemary and sage in order to function primarily as an

auxiliary anti-oxidant medium in addition to the enriching and aromatic

effects. The purpose of phosphate here is to help or.enhance the

solubilization of the aromatic rosemary or sage extract, since it is not

completely soluble of the aqueous medium of the Aloe gel.

The extract may first be dissolved in methanol (methyl alcohol) and

then added in appropriate quantity to the aqueous solution of the phosphate

to provide a bath in which the gel can be poured and then thoroughly mix~d.

It is preferred that the gel will be mixed with that preceding solution

before it is subjected to any blanching or heating processing. However,

the S02 released into the medium may cause corrosion in the metals of certain

utensils and also can contribute a noticeable off-flavor to the gel that is

being prepared for drinking purposes, besides the fact that it will destroy

Vitamin B-l or thiamine. Hence, stainless equipment must be used.

CHARACTERISTICS AND GENERAL STL~Y OF THE A~~I-OXIDANT USED

IN THE STABILIZATION PROCESS:
The anti-oxidants added should possess a higher oxidative potential

than the gel itself. So me of the anti-oxidants that can be used to

stabilize the gel and its derived products and extracts are sodium

sulphate, sodium metabisulfite, ascorbic acid and cysteine hydrochloride

which we have reported favorable results by employing in the various

stabilization techniques.

lt would appear that in the treatment, the anti-oxidant acts

immediately on the enzymes in the Aloe and protects the tissues from the

91
 ASCORBIC ACID U.S.P., F.C.C.

(Vitamin C; L-Ascorbic Acid)

Description

Ascorbic Acid (L-ascorbic acid) is a white, practically odorless

powder or crystalline product that has a pleasantly tart taste.

Physical-Chemical Properties

Empirical formula .C H 0
6 S 6

Molecular weight 176.13

Structure HO OH

OH

HOC2~-~
I
~O
I
I O
H

Solubility Freely soluble in water (1 g in

about 3 mI). Soluble in alcohol
(1 g in about 30 mI). Insoluble
in chloroform, ether and benzene.
0
Melting point About 190 C

pH of solution 2.1 to 2.5 (10% aqueous solution)

Stability

Ascorbic Acid is nonvolatile and stable in the dry state. However, upon
exposure to atmospheric moisture it can deteriorate and it oxidixes readily
in aqueous solution. Contact with iron, copper or nickel salts should be
avoided.

Specifications

Ascorbic Acid meets all requirements of U.S.P. XVIII and F.C.C. 11 when
tested according to those methods:
0 o o
Specific Rotation at 25 C. +20.5 to +21.5
Heavy Metals Max 20 ppm
Lead Max 10 ppm
Arsenic Max 3 ppm
Residue on Ignition Max 0.1%
Identity Tests Positive
Assay Min 99%
92
 Mesh Size and Bulk Densi ty

Ascor bic Acid is produ ced in a varie ty of mesh size

range s
and bulk densi ties. Becau se the intend ed end use determ
ines
the parti cular type to be used.

FDA Statu s

Vitam in C (asco rbic acid) is gener ally recog nized as

safe (GRAS) as a
nutr.i ent and prese rvativ e (antio xidan t).

u. S. Recommended Daily Allow ances (U.S. RDA) For Vitam

in C
To Be or Repre sented For Speci al Dieta ry Uses

U.S. RDA
Infan ts 35
Chidl ren under 4 years of age 40
Adult s and child ren 4 or more years
of age 60
Pregn ant or lacta ting women 60
l. Feder al Regis ter, 38(14 8): 20717 , Augus t 2, 1973.

93
action of precluded oxygen.

When heat processing the gel, inactivating the yeast and mold should

be one of the prime concerns.

There are many factors that have to be considered when sterilizing the

gel products: a) pH; b) kind of microorganisms expected to be in the

product and its heat resistance; e) the initial load of this particular

microorganic(s); d) the heat transfer characteristics of the gel and its

derivatives; 3) the container, and the medium.

ASCORBlC AClD, VlT~lIN C

The Vitamin C activity of a specific Aloe product is influenced by a

variety of factors such as maturity of the plant and conditions under which

it was grown and the techniques of gel collection, processing, handling

from the time of harvesting to consumption.

Dry crystals of ascorbic acid are stable on exposure to air and

daylight under ordinary conditions.

Ascorbic acid, when treated with a suitable oxidizing agent, 2 atoms

of H are lost giving dehydroascorbic acid. Below pH 4, dehydroascorbic

acid is fairly stable; however, at pH value of 4 it readily undergoes

irreversable rearrangement to biologically inactive material. Dehydro-

ascorbic acid will readily be reduced into ascorbic acid in the human body.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) prevents scurvy and may be required in

calcium metabolism in our bodies. lt is also a detoxifying agente The

deficiency of it may lead to swollen joints and bleeding in addition to

scurvy.

Vitaroin C or L-ascorbic acid is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid and

water. This reaction is catalyzed by ascorbic acid oxidase which is a

94
copper containing enzyme. (Refer to our discussion óf chelation)

The Vitamin e is probably the most heat-sensitive of all the vitamins

contained in the Aloe juice. lt is water soluble and is rapidly destroyed

by heat, light and oxygen as we know. The rate of its destruction during

storage will significantly increase at higher water content as well as the

effect of non-enzymatic browning. Ascorbic acid, as an oxygen's scavenger,

offers distinct advantages for products contained in bottles or containers

with a head space of air and by calculations. lt is found that three

milligrams of ascorbic acid would be required for each 1 cc. of head space

in a bottle or a container.

L-ascorbic acid has been found effective in preventing browning in

Aloe juices and extracts. lt combines with oxygen in the medium and, hence,

prevents the phenolic compounds from reacting with the oxygen and

accordingly, inhibiting the darkening process.

The processing equipment is of definite importance when ascorbic acid

is added to the gel. Kettles, utensils and tools of bronze, brass, copper

and iron should be avoided to minimize the dissolved and contaminating

metal ions such as copper, iron and nickel in the gel. (Refer to chelation)

Ascorbic acid is employed in the pasteurization and stabilization

processing of the gel in order to lower the pH value. Tbis ~ll help in

inactivating the enzyme contento The extruded Aloe gel is treated by mixing

the anti-oxidant solution of ascorbic acid. The time of mixing should be

sufficiently long to permit some penetration of the ascorbate solution

into the Aloe pulpo Longer periods of mixing may be required when treating

the fresh material.

Employing a small percentage of hydrophelic or leophelic thickening

agent such as carrageenan in a percentage between .05 and .08 to the Aloe

95
gel during the heating process will result in producing more natural looking

gel when it is mixed with other juices during its processing for drinking

purposes.

SULFUR DIOXIDE

Sulfur dioxide is an effective anti-oxidant and also acts as an

effective bacteriastat.

Sulfur dioxide, if present, can be a complicating factor; it may reduce

the quinones and form colorless compounds and also partially inactivate the

enzymes. Whatever the mechanism, browning is inhibited. It should be

considered that SOz will diffuse through plastic containers but it will not

attack or react with the plastic material as well as it does with the,·metal

containers. This characteristic can be disadvantageous. When an Aloe gel

product is bottled in low grade plastic containers, if the containers are

of high degree of permeability the product will lose its stability and start

to degrade neutritively and organoleptically.

THE PRESERVATIVES

The quality of the gel product can be adversely affected by physica1,

chemical, biochemica1 and microbio1ogical processes. To ensure the

stabi1ity of the Aloe gel produced, approximately .2% of suitable pre-

servatives are added. For preservation, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate

can be used in the proper levels, a10ng with the L-ascorbic acid. The

product is packaged in clean containers (preferably of glass or non-

permeable type oi plastic) followed by heat treatment which is a combin-

ation of time and temperature. Temperature range of 100 to 120 0 F. for a

time interval of 5 to 15 minutes and cooling to room temperature is a

preferable procedüre.

96
 Prese rvativ es funct ion their best at lower pH value
s, gener ally
betwe en 3-7.

Exten ding the shelf life of the gel produ ct is a conve

nient chara cter-
istic since the produ cts need to be handl ed and transp
orted from one place
to anoth er and it is usual ly a long perio d of time
before the consum er
receiv es them. This exist ing fact creat es the impor tance of the use
of
prese rvativ es.

Prese rvativ es will be those substa nces added to preve

nt the gel or
its deriv ative s from spoil age, eithe r by killin g the
micro organ isms
(fung icidal or bacte riocid al effec ts), or by inhib iting
their growt h in
the media (fung istati c or bacte riosta tic).

In addit ion to the chemi cal treatm ent for prese rvatio
n there are other
confir mator y metho ds such as a) heat, which will includ
e paste uriza tion and
steril izatio n; b) refrig eratio n which includ es coolin
g and freez ing;
c) dehyd ration .

Prese rvativ es norma lly reach their paak of action after

a perio d of
time that depen ds on the initi al numbe r oí micro orgari
ism 2, in the medium
and their final numbe r after proce ssing (rema ining
numbe r of micro -
organ isms after the medium has be€n proce ssed 2 , and this takes place
2

with a certa in rate of destr uctio n, K. These four facto rs have been
struc tured in the follow ing formu la:

1
K =-
-1;
In

where

K = rate of micro organ ism (destr uctio n)

t time

2 initi al numbe r of micro organ isms (befo re proce ssing

1 )

97
 2 final number of microorganisms (after processing)
2

PRESERVATIVES HECHANISN OF ACTION

Preservatives deliver their action by either one of the following

mechanisms:

1) Destruction of the microorganism's cell wall

2) Inhibition of the synthesis of biologically important enzymes

We recommend the utilization of more than one preservative in the same

medium. This will provide broader spectrum of preservative action as the

destruction of more than one kind of microorganism will occur in shorter

time.

Potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate can be used together in the gel

medium to prolong its shelflife by controlling the microbial growth, pro-

viding that the ini~ial yeast and mold count,should not be high. That

presents the importance of the aseptic methods of collecting the gel and

handling it for processing.

Microbial spoilage of the Aloe gel involves the activity of pectic

enzymes. The plant tissues contain endogenous pectic enzymes that are

important in ripening and in subsequent processes of the gel. Inactivating

these enzymes is a principal objective of the stabilization processing.

The most preferred preservatives used for stabilization processing,

as we have mentioned are:

Sodium benzoate
&
Potassium sorbate

When flavoring or pasteurizing the Aloe ver~:gel, sodium benzoate,

potassi~ sorbate and citric acid are some of the three chemicals that are

used for preserva~ion and chelation. The chemical reactions of these three

98
agents will have to be considered particularly when sodium benzoate is

added directly to the gel that has been acidified by citric acid. As a

result of the reaction between this benzoate and citric acid, the in-

soluble benzoic acid will precipitate. This will inversely prohibit the

preservation effect of the benzoate. Ihis problem can be avoided if

citric acid is added after thoroughly dissolving the sodium benzoate in

the gel. We have found that the easiest method to prevent such side

reactions is to add citric acid as the final ingredient for the entire

preparation.

Sodium benzoate is to be used in the range between 0.05 - .1%.

Potassium sorbate is to be used in the range between .025 - .1%.

Both preservatives are more effective at refrigeration temperatures

than at room temperature.

CHELATION & CHELATING AGENTS

A chelating agent will have to be incorporated when stabilizing the

Aloe gel from rancidity.

Chelating agents tend to form complexes with the trace amounts of

heavy-metal ions, inactivating their ·catalytic activity in the oxidation

of the Aloe components. Examples of sorne chelating agents are EDTA salts

and citric acid.

Citric acid sequesters traces of metal ions which may accelerate

oxidation reactions that lead to the gel decomposition.

The decomposition reaction is catalyzed by dissolved inorganic ions

or metal ions such as copper and iron.

As a chelating agent, citric acid inactivates the contaminating metal

ions that are responsible to a certain degree for the discoloration and

instability of the gel.

99
 As a chelating agent, citric acid has higher functionality when the

medi Ulll is alkaline.

One of the major objectives of the stabilization process is to

inactivate the enzymes in the gel in order to control its organoleptic

qualities.

ENZYME INACTIVATION

Failure to completely inactivate enzymes may result in flavor changes

during processing and subsequent storage; it is a phenomenon that is obvious

in the storage of the non-properly and incompletely stabilized gel.

STABILIZING THE GEL (JELL OR JUICE )

GENERAL PROCEDURE

The time needed to mix the gel that has been extracted from yo~g

plants is longer than the gel frem fully-matured Aloe plants.

Stabilization is accemplished by incorporating special ingredients

such as preservatives, emulsifiers, chelating agents, stabilizers and

anti-oxidants in order to retard the microbial contamination as well as

the chemical and physical changes.

Blanching or heating the gel initially to about 176 0 F. or 80 0 c.

will inactivate the enzymes and hence preventing the enzymic browning from

proceeding. After the gel is heated, reduction in its viscosity will be

readily noticed. Ascorbic acid is then added and the gel is fil.tered from

all the suspended'tissues.

Preservatives and stabilizing chemicals are added te prevent microbial

centamination and to maintain the natural and nutritional functions and the

qualities of the fresh gel; also fer health and marketability reasons.

This processing is aimed to prolong the shelf life ef the final producto

100
Final product can be flavored and then packaged carbonated under vacuum

or in reclosable glass or fine p1astic containers. It can also be thickenet

by using a natural edib1e gum such as xanthan or carrageenan. After the

addition of the proper chemicals for stabilization, the pH should be.

adjusted between 4 and 5; the proper preservatives shou1d be added within

their 1imits of use.

M10NG THE DISCOLORATION PREVENTION TECHNIQUES

Along in the process of prevention of the disco1oration of the gel,

cysteine can be used. Cysteine was used with an acid attached to its

primary amino group. The chemical structure of cysteine is HSCH2CHCOO

(with a negative charge on the O of the carohydroxy1 group, and there's an

NH3 with a positive charge attached to the CH). Cysteine is incorporated

in the processing prior to any other techniques invo1ved in the preparation

of the gel. In addition to that, an anti-oxidant such as citric acid or

ascorbic acid can also be employed in the composition of this process and,

when used, it is generally present in amounts that wil1 have to be deter-

mined by weight oi the final producto Advantageously, the anti-oxidant is

present in amounts of about .1 weigpt percent. The anti-oxidant is most

effective at a pH of between 3 and 6. In preparatian of the final product,

the tissues of the Aloe-- after being mixed with cysteine -- are heated at

a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to pasteurize the ~ixture

and destroy the pathogens thereof, if there are any. Generally the temper-

ature at which the mixture is heated ranged from about 160 to 176 0 F. for a

period of between 5 minutes and 20 minutes.

101
UN~ESlRABLE EFFECTS OF H~TING THE ALOE GEL
DURING PROCESSING FOR STABILITY

The undesirable effects of heat processing include physical and

chemical changes in protein and amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids,

vitamins and minerals, which are components of the Aloe vera gel. The

proteins will undergo denaturation when heated, especially if the heat

will come too close to 100 o • That 's why the Aloe gel should pref erably

not be heated over 80 0 C. and the presence of reducing sugars such as

glucose, mannos and other glycosidic components which are abundant in the

Aloe gel, will lead to the formation of Maillard* brown darkening com-

pounds upon reaching with the degraded proteins or the amino acids that

are rich and active in the gel.

gel glycosidic components _____ hydrolysis ) highly reactive

reducing sugarsl

+ hea~dark gel

amino acids or J
degraded proteins

Among the essential amino acids, lysine and threonine are the most heat

sensitive. Carbohydrates and fats at high temperatures will undergo degrada-

tion. Under the heating process, ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C, thiamine or

Vitamin Bl are the most sensitive vitamins in the Aloe gel.

DESIRAcLl:.. t.FFECTS OE' THE HEAT PROCESSING TO THE GEL

The desirable effects of the heat processing are primarily centered in

the prohibition of the browning reactions and the destruction of micro-

organisms thathave atta'cked the gel as it is being extracted, and that will

be overco~e by the pasteurization process. Also the destructión of enzymes

* Rerer to the glossary of this report

102
 which will lead to the prohi bition of the brown ing
react ion such as perox i-
clase, amyla se, ascor bic acid oxida se, and lipas e.

Even great er prote ction is obtain ed by using citric

acid in conju nction
with the ascor bic acid or an eryth robic acid. Citri c acid also helps
stabi lize the ascor bate or eryth robat e so that these
can be used at relati vely
low econo mical level s. Ascor bic acid and eryth robic acid or their sodium

salts are used in a range that depend s. upon the acid

bases .

hUT PRQCESSn~G
GENERAL 5TUDY

In gener al, the aim and purpo se of most heat proce sses
that are appli ed
to the gel such as paste uriza tion and steril izatio n
is to reduc e the viabl e
micro bial popul ation of the produ ct to a point provi
ding safety and
reaso nable shelf life.

Qne of the most signi fican t of recen t food proce ssing

develo pment s
that is appli cable in the Aloe gel proce ssing is the
HTST proce ssing com-
bined with ascep tic packa ging proce dure, i.e., the
high tempe rature short
time proce ssing .

A given incre ase in tempe rature to the gel cause s a

large r incre ase in
the rate of destr uctio n of the micro organ isms than
in the rate of destr uctio n
of the nutri ents and the other organ olept ic quali ties.
The situa tion that is
achie vable by explo iting the metho d of HTST.

In addit ion, by heat proce ssing the gel, the objec tive
is to inact ivate
the enzym es and havin g an optimu m reten tion of flavo
r, color and textu re.
When proce ssing the Aloe gel for stabi lizat ion,h eat
can be applie d in
the form of blanc hing which is heatin g in hot bath
or steam for enzym e inact i-
vatio n or parti al (cook ing). It is norma lly under gone
betwe en 200°-2 10° F.

103
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE GEL WHEN IT IS BElNG REATED?

As a preliminary step in stabilizing the gel, blanching is performed.

Blanching is a mild heat treatment involving exposure of the Aloe plant

tissues to water or steam for a few minutes at (80 0 - 100 0 C.) on 1 atm

pressure in stainless steel covered kettles. Blanching is done primarily

to inactivate enzymes whereas, prior to heat inactivation, blanching is·

done for several reasons, the most important of which is to remove air from

the tissues.

lt is noticeable that the Aloe gel will lose its mucilageousness or

its sliminess during the heating or the dehydration processing.

Slow or moderate heating allows activating the enzymes through series

of oxidation and hydrolysis reactions which can affect the color, texture,

odor, flavor and the nutritive values of the Aloe gel. Enzymes will have

to be completely inactivated.

The plant tissues are also disturbed during heating with resulting

increase ~n permeability of the cells. Consequently, cellular turgor

pressure is diminished, the tissues will become flaccid, extra-cellular and

vascular air is also lost óuring heating and this will result in the texture

change. Ihe pulpy gel will deposit its connecting tissues and fibers to the

bottom of its container. Ihis cellulose fiber destruction is apparently

slight under most circumstances. Rowever, it is preferable to strain the gel

from these indigestable tissues for a gel that is of better texture and

lighter color. Upon heating the gel, the cell walls and membranes lose

integrity, acids and enzymes are released, and then bro~~ing will take

place. Changes in peptic substances may also occur during heating. The

flavor may be affected in various ways by thermal processing -- volatile

compounds that are responsible for the gel's taste and odor may escape or

10:4
be destroyed; they will evaporate and decompose. The maximum temperature

that the Aloe gel will tolerate is 80° C. with no considerable nutrient

loss. However, during pasteurization and stabilization higher temperatures

will unavoidably be applied.

The heat will affect the water soluble vitamins in the gel more than

the fat-soluble ones (pro-vitamin A was found in the Aloe gel), since they

are more heat resistant. However, they degradate at higher temperatures

in the presence of oxygen. This will bring out the importance of the

addition of ascorbic acid as an anti-oxidant which will prohibit the fat

soluble vitamins in the Aloe gel from undergoing degradation, especially

when the heat applied to the gel during processíng is increased.

The different chemicals that are added to the gel during processing

such as preservatives or chelating agents and anti-oxidants can have a

detrimental effect on the gel content of certain vitamins and nutrients.

For example, the oxidative agents are generally destructive to Vitamins A,

C & E. 5ulfite 50 2 is used in most cases to prevent both enzymic and

non-enzymic browning of the Aloe gel during processing. As a reducing

agent it also protects ascorbic acid and thiamine.

When the Aloe gel is undergoing processing it is subject to sorne

degree of loss of nutrients (vitamins, minerals, etc.). The process

should be attempted to be carried out in a manner which minimizes the

nutrient losses and maximizes the safety of the producto In addition to

losses from processing, there are significant pre-processing factors which

influence the nutrient contente This includes the degree of maturity of

the plants, the soil they were grown in, the climate, the availability of

water, light and handling prior to the processing procedures.

One of the stabilization processing objectives is to eliminate oxygen

105
from the gel tissues and from the final producto

Oxygen can be excluded from the reaction site by such methods as

incorporating an oxygen scavenger. Ascorbic acid is recommended.

Short time, high temperature processing method (STRT) should be used

and dissolved oxygen, copper and iron (through chelation) should be kept

at a practical minimum.

SITUATIONS ENCOUNTERED DURING PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF THE GEL

l. The time with respect to the integral of chemical and/or micro-

biological changes which eccur during the specific storage periods.

2. pH - Extreme pH values are usually required for severe inhibition

of microbial growth or enzyme processes, and these conditions can result in

acceleration of acid or base catalyzed reactiens. Particularly important

in this regard is the relationship between the quality of the raw material

and the quality of the finished producto

3. Pasteurization is the ideal method ef heat treatment to the gel

process, since the gel products are going te be further handled and stored

under different conditions.

4. Water activity effect: Water activity is in its fullest when the

water is in the pure state. When water is mixed with different ingredients,

its activity will decrease in value.

Preservatives are substances that will reduce the water activity value

to a degree that inhibits the growth or the survival of microorganisms.

Since most bacteria and microorganisms are active in aqueous media of high

water activity media, it is very crucial te reduce the water activity in

order to ~ontrol their growth or survival.

Stabilization is a centinuous processing to preserve the organoleptic

106
qualities of the gel color, odor, nutritional content and to preserve

against microorganisms.

In processing we have found that a combination of citric acid and

sodium erythrobate· has best served the needs of stabilizing che color of

the gel medium. Also, under proper usage, the anti-oxidants will not

adversely affect the nutritive quality.

To assure purity, clarity and stability of the gel, lignin, calcium

oxalate, the different tissues, and all the substances that are responsible

for the discoloration should be removed.

FACTORS INFLUENCE THE GEL DEGRADATION DURING PROCESSING

Factors which can influence the nature of the degradative mechanism

include: temperature, sugar concentration, pH, oxygen, enzymes, metal

catalysts, amino acids, oxidants, reductants, the initial concentration of

ascorbic acid and the ratio of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid.

The consequences of a residual amount of O2 sometimes become apparent

during subsequent behavior of the product -- for exampl-e, the early formation

of a small amount of dehydroascorbic acid can lead to browning during storage.·

To overcome the deteriorational problems of microbial growth, various

enzyme catalyzed reactions such as otolysis, the various off-flavors,

formation and the nonenzymic browning; refrigeration, canning or dehydration

techniques should be applied.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FOOD INGREDIENTS

In the case of Aloe gel, carbohydrates, being natural constituents of

the gel or even added in form of sweeteners such as fructose have the most

effect, since they influence the action of preservatives. In low concen-

trations, they promote the growth of microorganisms. In higher concentra-

107
tions though, they lower the water activity by osmotic action, intensifying

the preservative activity.

STABILITY Al~D SHELF LIFE

GENERAL STUDY

Stability Studies in Manufacturing:

From the preceding studies we have learned about the effects of

temperature, light, air.1pH, moisture and tra'ce metals and the connnonly

used solvents on the active ingredients in the Aloe. Applying the learned

techniques a product sample is made, packaged in a suitable container and

then sto red for a períod of time and then periodically checke~ for stability.

In other words, observed for physical changes and tested for sterility or

resistance to microbial growth and for toxicity and bioavailability.

From the accumulative learnings from that assay study, we can learn the

most suitable container to be used and also the length of the shelf life

of the particular producto

TRE SHELF LIFE OF THE GEL k~D ITS DERIVATIVES

The qualíty of the gel is very sensítive because of its nature. The

gel is susceptible to loss of nutrients, change in color, flavor, or odor

and even package corrosíon. Bacteria mold and enzymatic breakdown are

the main causes of deterioration of the Aloe gel. The term "shelf life" is

the period between the date of manufacture and the date of consumption. The

Aloe gel and its derivatíves are considered to be perishable types of

material. That means it must be frozen or refrigerated since refrigeration

inhibits the growth of spoilage bacteria, yeast and mold and slows the action

of enzymes unless it is chemically processed for stability.

108
 The most important factor in maintaining the quality during the

time that the Aloe is in the distribution and supply system is a con-

sistent low temperature. The maintenance oi chilling temperatures is

an absolute requirement for the gel, the leaves, or any drink that is

derived from the Aloe, even when the gel has been chemically proeesses

for stabilization.

Stability is defined as the extent to which a product retains,

within specified limits, and throughout its period of storage and use

(in other words, its shelf life) , the same properties and characteris-

ties that are possessed at the time of its manufacture.

There are five applicable criteria on the Aloe gel for acceptable

·levels of stability: Chemieal, physical, microbiological, therapeutic

and toxicological.

In the chemical stability each active ingredient must retain its

chemical integrity and functionality.

In the physical stability the original physical properties, includ-

ing appearance, odor, palatability, uniformity, dissolution and suspen-

dability should be retained. The total physio-chemical ehanges are re-

sponsible for the overall organoleptic ehange.

Microbiological stability is sterility, or resistance to microbial

growth. The antimicrobial agents that are present should retain effec-

tiveness within the specified limits.

The therapeutic stability should remain vital and unchanged. The

toxicological characteristics of the gel have not yet been clearly defin-

ed. Our research in this particular aspect is continuing.

Techniques of processing and additives should eomply to the GMP in

order to minimize toxicity and maintain the purity of Aloe.

109
 INSTABILITY OF THE GEL AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Insta bility is alway s the resul t of chemi cal chang es.

The most
common react ions involv ed in the Aloe media are hydro
lysis, oxido x
and photo lysis react ions. The chemi cal chang es may occur also throug h
intera ction s withi n ingre dient s in the produ ct itsel
f or rarely betwe en
the produ ct and the conta iner unles s it is a perme able
type of p1ast ic.
An appar ent 10ss of the poten cy of the activ e ingre dient
s may resul t
from diffu sion of the Aloe mater ial into the surfa ce
of the conta iner/
closu re system . An appar ent gain in poten cy usual1 y is cause d by the
solve nt evapo ration or by leach ing of mater ial from
the conta iner/c losur e
system .

The chemi cal poten cy of the Aloe activ e ingre dient s

is requi red to
remai n withi n the limit s, and the poten cy is determ ined
by means of an
assay proce dure that diffe renti ates betwe en the intac
t molec ule and its
degre dation prod~cts.

Exces sive chemi cal degre dation is somet imes obser vable
by physi cal
chang es. In addit ion, some physi cal chang es not neces sarily relate
d to
chemi cal poten cy, such as chang ing color or odor or
forma tion of a pre-
cipit ate or cloud ing of the Aloe soluti on. Gene rally, a gross chang e in
the physi cal chara cteris tics such as color or off-fl
avor is a sign of pro-
duct insta bility .

110
THE ALOE INDUSTRY IN PRACTICE
PREFACE

We would like to emphasize the necessity of applying the following

regulations from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration:

Food shall be deemed to be adulterated if it has been prepared,

packed of held under "unsanitary conditions" whereby it may have become

contaminated with filth or rendered injurious to health.

Section 402(9)(4), (13) of FDA's food GMP regulations.

A food shall be deemed to be adulterated if it consists in whole or

in part of any filthy, putrid or decomposed substance.

Section 402 (9)(4), (16).

A cosmetic shall be deemed to be adulterated if it consists in whole

or in part of any filthy, putrid or decomposed substance •.

Section 60l(b) (19).

A cosmetic sha1l be deemed to adulterated if it has been prepared,

packed or held under "unsanitary condi tions" whereby it may have become

contaminated with fi1th or rendered injurious to health.

Section 60l(c), FDA Act (20).

RAW HATERIALS

Are raw materials identified (either by chemical or proprietary

names?)

Are all raw materials sampled and tested to meet estab1ished standards

of identity, quality and purity?

Are tests performed for microbia1 contamination of all susceptible

raw materials?

Are raw materials rotated to follow a "first in, first out" inventory

control procedure?

Do raw materials carry lot identification?

111
 Are storage conditions adequate to protect raw materials from adverse

environmental condítions, filth, vermin or other sources of contamination?

Are raw material shipments, not yet approved by the quality control

department, stored under quarantine in a location separate from approved

raw materials?

15 process water treated prior to use in cosmetic products?

LABEL1NG

Are storage and disbursement of labels adequately controlled to

prevent mixup?

Are labels checked at this establishment for compliance with regula-

tory requirements?

Do labels bear warning or caution statements where required?

MANUFACTUR1NG AND PROCESSING

Does the batch record accurately represent the master formula by

percent and batch quantities?

Does the batch record accompany the product through the entire

manufacturing process?

15 the batch record signed or initialed at each of the following

steps: ingredient weighing or measuring; each processing step; filling;

quality control sampling; product release to storage?

Does the batch record provide adequate processing, sampling and

filling instructions?

Does the batch make provision for in-process controls where needed?

Is the manufacturing and filling equipment adequately cleaned (and

sanitized¿ where appropriate) to preclude product contamination?

112
 Are the lot numbers of raw materials recorded on the manufacturing

'!:>atch record?

QUAL1TY CONTROL

Do finished cosmetic products bear a manufacturing code number?

Does the firm have an effective system for recall at the wholesale

and/or retaíl level?

Are scales, balances and other measuring devices in the manufacturing

establishment checked for accuracy according to an established schedule?

Are samples of finished product batches retained?

Are all finished cosmetic products sampled .and tested to meet

established standards of identity and quality?

Are susceptible finished cosmetic products tested for microbial

contamination?

Is the determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine part of the firm's

quality control procedure?

PERSONNEL

Is there a standardized training program for personnel directly

involved in the manufacture or control of cosmetic products?

Are personnel properly attired when directly involved with the

manufacturing process?

BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT

Does the building (or buildings) provide adequate space for orderly

placement and storage of equipment, materials and finished products?

Are there adequate toilet, locker and washroom facilities?

Are eating and smoking areas separated from the manufacturing

facilities?

113
 Is manufacturing and processing equipment properly stored when not in

use?

SANITATION A~~ HOUSEKEEPING

Is there adequate lighting and ventilation in the manufacturing area?

Are waste receptacles adequate in number and utilized properly?

Are floors, walls and ceilings free from loose dirt, chipped and

peeling paint?

Are hand washing facilities available near the manufacturing area?

Does the firm have a policy for dealing with illness or leasions

among employees who might come in contact with raw materials or cosmetic

products?

ALOE GEL AS A }IDISTURIZER AND A COSMETIC INGREDIENT

The Aloe vera plant has been mostly used in skin care products --

cosmetics. Aloe vera gel has been found to be a moderately effective

moisturizer. The high sugar content in the Aloe vera gel, besides traces

of lactic acid salts, which is an effective moisturizer by itself, have

been detected to be contained in the Aloe vera gel.

In comparison to other moisturizers and humectants, it was found

that in the order of effectiveness in retarding evaporation rates,

glycerin and propylene Blycol are more effective in their free ~tate than

the Aloe vera gel. However, Aloe vera gel will function more effectively

as a moisturizer when incorporated with glycerin, propylene glycol

separately. In other words, the Aloe vera gel mixed with a humectant will

retain better moísturizatíon tunctionality.

In cr5metic preparations~ the Aloe gel ís preferably added to the

emulsíon in the temperature range of 40° C - 55° C. It may partially or

114
completely replace the water phase in the emulsion formulation.

ALOE GEL AS A DRINK

Preface

Drinks or beverages are consumed for the pleasure of their taste

and feeling of refreshment. Some drinks, however 3 are consumed partially

because of the habit or because of their nutritional value, such as

coffee and milk.

Aloe drinks have been consumed for their nutritive and medicinal

healing values. However, the bitter gel has repelled many people from

consuming the Aloe drinks.

The bitter taste in the Aloe is caused by certain flavinoids and

terpinoids in the gel. Bitterness is due to the interaction between the

alkaloidal molecules from the gel and the lipid portion of the taste

papillae (buds) membrane. As well as the favorable taste, people get

attracted to the drink product by its color and aroma. These character-

istics of a drinkable product are considered in our suggested discussions

of Aloe as a drink.

The bitter taste of the Aloe sap is, as precedingly mentioned, due

to its trace alkaloid contente Limonene has been determined. Limo nene

is also an example of a bitter alkaloid in the citrus fruit juices.

ALOE' S CALORlC VALUE -- A DIET DRINK

The non-adulterated gel can be a diet drink for the reasons that the

digestible carbohydrates in the Aloe vera gel, such as D-glucose,

D-galactose and rhibose do promote the utilization of fat in the body, and

also reduces the wastage oi protein. In addition, the caloric value of

the Aloe gel has been reasonably low -- the highest value that we have

115
found was 4.00 calories per 100 grams of the gel~ which means that upon

digesting one ounee of the gel presuming that it would be completely

digested)~ 1.2 calories will be released in the body.

There is an inereasing interest in dietary drinks. Aloe drinks

could be very well known and popular if they are introduced properly to

the publico We have been questioned about the calories in the Aloe gel

and its derived mixed drinks. lt is difficult to specify an accurate

answer to the related questions. However, here is some information

about the caloric values of some of the common additives that can be

used for the different Aloe preparations.

One calorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature

of one gram of water one degree C. (1 BTU-l lb. H2 0 - l° F). Citric aeid

anhydrous supplies -- 70 eal/l oz. dry weight; phosphoric acid and

saccharin no calories; sorbitol, 70%, supplies 100 cal/l fluid ounce;

concentrated orange juiee supplies about 80 cal/l fluid ounee; concentrated

grapefruit juice supplies 75 cal/l fluid ounce; lemon juice, 70 cal/fluid

ounce; applie juice~ 100 cal/l fluid ounce; grape juice, 100 cal/l fluid

ounee; pineapplie, 90 cal/l fluid ounee.

GENERAL lNGREDlENT lNFORMATlON

With the knowledge that we have acquired about the Aloe vera gel,

it has become clear that the pure fresh Aloe vera gel is a very unstable

material that is apt to undergo organoleptic (color and odor) changes upon

exposure to air and light ann also to nutritional deeomposition and

degradation. Hence, it is very crucial to utilize gel that has been pro-

cessed and assured of stability. The shelf life of the final produet will

depend chiefly upon the condition oi the raw stabilized juice used in the

formulation.

116
 FLAVORS
This categ ory chief ly includ es juice s that are extra
cted from fruit
pulp and added to the Aloe vera gel in order to enhan
ce palat abili ty and
popul arity. Juice s that are most favor ably recomm ended
are the citru s
fruit s from grape fruit, lemon , lime, orang e, and possi
bly mixtu res of all
or some of them. The acidi ty of these juice s depen ds on the amoun t of

citric acid they natur ally conta in. Thus, the addit ional amoun t of citIic
acid to be added to the final produ ct may vary from
one batch to anoth er
in order to achie ve the desire d flavo r. The acidi ty of the final produ ct
plays an impor tant and consi derab le role in its stabi
lity and taste .
Such fruits can be added as synth etic stabi lized extra
cts or natur al
stabi lized juice s in which case ~he final produ ct may requi re refrig er-
ation .

STABLIIZED ORfu~GE CONCENTRATE

Orang e juice is prepa red by squee zing and filter ing
the pulpo Juice
is then paste urize d (becom es cloud y), and prese rved
and packa ged with or
witho ut pulpo Orang e conce ntrate conta ins 10-12% solid
s.

XANTHAN GUl1

ls appro ved by U.S.F .D.A. as a stabi 1izer , thick ener,

and emul sifier
(21 CFR 172.6 95).

NECESSARY TECHNlCAL INFORMATION

Physi cal appea rance : fine cream color powde r of parti cle size
(70-25 0 micro ns).

pll 7. O

Visco sity: (1% salt solut ion): 1200- 1600 centi poise .

117
 SODIlli1 SULFlTE

Used in the limit of .0025%

This limit assumes that the amount of S02 released will not exceed

the maximum allowance (300 ppm). Refer to our reviewing to sulfur

dioxide in the stabilization processing chapter of this reporto

Sodium meta-bisulfite and sodium bisulfite can also be used.

SWEETENERS

There are three sweeteners that can be used in the Aloe applications:

sorbitol 70% solution, fructose and saccharin.

Sorbitol 70% solution is one of the most common industrially used

sweeteners. lt is very popular in the gel formulations because of its

stability.

Fructose is the kind of sugar that has the highest degree of sweet-

ness. lt is a natural fruit sugar that is found in fruits and honey. lt

is formed naturally from sugars or sucrose in the presence of water. lt

is almost twice as sweet as sugar or sucrose. (Sucrose supplies 200

calories per ounce).

Saccharin is an artificial sweetener. lt does not supply any calories

and its use is restricted.

COLOR

Color makes an·:es$ential contribution to the attractive appearance of

the drink. Color has a physiological association with flavor, a particular

flavor should coincide with its associated color. lf the product is not of

the color expected, the consumer is liable to become confused and might

reject what might be a pleasant and wholesome producto

Colors used for the Aloe vera gel drinking preparations should be the

118
U.S. certified food type. Colors dontt normally supply any dietary

calories.

Range of use - 5-200 ppm (75 ppm average)

Preparation of desired gloss using FD&C water soluble colors (lakes colors

are not suitable for Aloe preparations.)

H2 0 Soluble

Flavor Colors ppm %

Orange FD&C yellow 1r6 75 100

or
FD&C yellow #6 50 96
FD&C red ¡J40 4

Lime FD& C yellow ¡¡S 20 95

FD&C blue #1 5

Lemon FD&C yellow IfS 20 100

Cherry FD&C red {f40

or
FD&C red #40
FD&C blue fJl

OBSERVATIONS AND CORRECTIONS

ENCOUNTERED WHEN USING COLORS:

Problem Cause Correction

.Precipitation from color Exceeded solubility Use within limit,

solution or colo red liquid limit; chemical based on the total
food. reaction. volume of solvent
(water, juices . . . )

Fading due to light; Colored products not Dark glass bottles or

fading due to metals.
protected from tanned plastic non-
sunlight. permeable bottles or
high density plastic
bottles are recommend,:
to use.

Fading due to micro- Color-preparing facilities Asepsis by pasteuriza-

organisms. no.t thoroughly cleaned to tion and preservatíon
Avoid contaminating.
Reducing organisms.

119
Fading due to excessive heat Processing temperature
too high.
Fading due to oxidizing Contacted color with
and reducing agents. oxidizers such as ozone
or hypochlorites or
reducers, such as S02'
and ascorbic acid.
Fading due to strong acids Presence of such strong
or alkalis chemicals during the
coloring process.
Poor shelf life. Used in excessive
. amount of certif ied
az o-type dye.
PHOSPHORIC ACID -- H P0
3 4
Stronger than citric acid.
By using same amount of both acids to prepare (.12% acidity solution)
we found:
acid pH Relative acidity
citric acid in water 3.2
phosphoric acid in
water 2.6
*considering citric acid as 100
120
Colors will be added
at ambient temperature
Protect from sunlight
and excessive heat in
storage, reduce
packaging head spaces,
protect, bottling
product shouldn't be
delayed.
pH, for every used
color should be used.
Azo colors are: FD&C
yellow #5, 6, Red #3,
4, & 40; should be
used in their
minimum allowance
100*
520
POTASSIUM SORBATE -- PHYSICAL AND CHEMlCAL PROPERTIES

Formula C H0 K CH CH=CHCH=CHCOOK
6 7 2 3
Molecular weight 150.2

Melting point Decomposes about 270 0

C. (518 0 F.)

Solubility, 20° C. g/lOO mI

Water 139.2

Ethanol 2.0

Ether 0.1

Potassium sorbate is then, water soluble and stable at higher temper-

atures.

Use of potassium sorbate as a preservative.

Organisms inhibited pH range of use Level of use

Yeast, mold ~nd bacteria; up to 6. O; 0.025%-0.1%

less active at higher pH; less active
accordingly it is not higher pH
recommended for bacterial
control

PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM SORBATE SOLUTIONS

% strength (w/w)

potassium.
sorbate DM water
% (lb. ) (ounces)

10 1 139

20 2 123

30 3 108

40 4 92

50 5 77

121
SODIUM BENZOATE -- PHYSICAL AND CHE}UCAL PROPERTIES

Formula C H Na0 COONa

7 5 2
l10lecular weight 144.1

Solubili tY:J 25° C. g/IDO mI.

Water 50. O

Alcohol 1.3

Ether O

Sodium benzoate is water soluble. Allow 20 minutes for mixing.

Use of sodium benzoate as a preservative.

Organisms inhibited pH range of use level of use

yeas t, mold and bacteria; highest activity 0... 05%-0.1%

because of limit on use
level and less activity
in higher pH values, it is
not recommended for
bacterial control

122
ClTRlC AClD

As an acidulant it is used to bring out a natural f1avor and provides

a flavor balance with its tartness modifying the sweetness of the sugars

added to the formulated Aloe gel product, by acidifying the drink medium.

lt helps extend the shelf life of the product since it creates an

unfavorable medium for microorganisms to grow by lowering the pH value~

The factor that enhances the functionality of the recommended preservatives,

such as potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.

Citric acid is used in the Aloe gel for different purposes. lt is

used to produce an appetizing, fruity flavor, and the amounts used wil1

depend upon the desired flavor of the final juice. Citric acid increases

the functionality of the preservative system in the gel.

Citric acid, as an acidulant, is used to adjust the final flavor of

the juice that is specifically manufactured for drinking since the natural

acid content of the Aloe gel will vary for several factors that have to do

with the season, the age of the plant, the soil, etc.

NECESSARY TECHNlCAL lNFORMATlON

1) Preparation of 50% citric acid stock solution:

Amount of DH water Amount

used Anhydrous granular
(in ~allons) citric acid

1 4 lb. 9 oz.

2 9 2

5 22 14

10 45 11

15 68 9

50 228 8

100 457 O

123
2) Physi cal and chemi cal prope rties of Anhyd rous citric
acid:
Formu la
H3 C6H507 ~~2COOH
Molec ular weigh t 192.1 HOC-COOR
./'
Calor ies / gm. 2.47 CH COOH
2
Speci fic gravi ty 1.67
Melti ng point 153 oC. (307° F.)
Solub ility, g/IDO mI solve nt 25°C.

Water 181
Ethan ol 59.1
Ether 0.75

124
ALOE DRINKS PREPARATION -- A SUGGESTED MIXING PROCEDURE:

This procedure is general and applicable to the various Aloe

drinking formulations:

l. The Aloe vera gel is antiseptically placed in the mixing

tank; the mixing tank should be of stainless steel and pre-

sanitized.

2. Weigh out the amount of preservatives and mix them slowly

in the mixing tank (ingredients should be added with slow

mixing in the water in order to avoid entrapment of air,

hence oxygen might promete oxidative deterioration of some

of the flavor components.)

3. Allow 10 minutes of mixing time.

4. To give body to the juice produced, solid fruit pulp, food

grade gum such as Xanthan may be used. Thickeners are often

sprinkled slowly on top of the mixing solution. Allow enough

mixing time for thickener to completely disperSe.

S. Add flavor, orange concentrate or others, to batch while

agitating slowly.

6. Add sweeteners, dry or liquid; let mix for five to 10 minutes.

7. Add color, if needed.

8. Add citric acid; let mix for approximately lS minutes.

9. Final product should be checked for stability and sterility.

10. Final product may need pasteurization before packaging; pH

should be on the acidic side (3-5).

125
 ALOE DRINKS, ~H

pH ís respo nsíb1 e for the taste of the produ cto Chang ing or sta-
bí1iz ing the pE value . of a formu latíon will be a caref
ully perfor med
proce ss. The pH value refle cts the physi ologi cal suita bility
and
stabi 1ity of the produ ct. Gene rally, most foods tuffs fall in the pH
range betwe en 5-6.

The avera ge pH for some comm ercial popul ar juice s:

grape juice 3.2

grape fruit juice 3.2
lemon juice 2.4
orang e juice 3.7
pinea pple juice 3.5
tomat o juice 4.3
aloe juice 4.3
Aloe is an acid mater ial; pH shoul d be kept less than
4.5.

NUTRIENT FORTIFICATION TO ALOE JUICE DRINKS

WITH VITAMINS AND ENZYME

When fortif ying the gel deriv ative s with vitam ins,
the addit ional
vitam ins will have to be added last, prefe rably at
room tempe rature with
no aerat ion durin g agita tion. The vitam ins of conce rn vary in their degre e
of stabi lity and chara cteris tics. Gener ally we can state that:

Vitam in C: Sensí tive to O2 , Fe, Ca, and requi res an

addit ional amoun t to make up for possí b1e

10ss durin g storag e

Ribof lavin: Stabl e; 1ight sensi tive

Thiam ine: sensi tive to heat; its stabi lity is pH

depen ding pH in which it is stabl e is

126
 4.5 or less; compatible with properly

s tab ilized gel.

Niacin: Stable

The pH and temperature factors encountered in usin.g vitamins in

the Aloe cosmetic formulations:

Vitamin A: pH 6.5; temperature 35-45°C.; ester form

(palmitate) is the most stable.

Vitamin E: The most stable form usable is the ester

form (acetate)~ withstands higher

t emp er a t ures;

Pantothenic Acid Water soluble -- should be added in media

and
Panthanol: of pH 4-7 and temperature range of

35° - 50° C.

Enzymes can be fortified to the Aloe gel to overcome sorne undesirable

qualities. They are used in the range between .01~.2%. The two environ-

mental factors that must be considered in using enzymes are: pH and

temperature. Such enzymes are O-methyltransferase. lt can be used to

block oxidation of the O-phenols by phenolase to inhibit browning. lt

is ~portant to remember that such factors as time, substrate and enzyme

concentrations, in addition to pH and temperature are inter-related. The

browning of the Aloe gel is a phenolase catalyzed oxidative reaction

and may influence the stability of the final cosmetic product.

127
 PACKAGING THE GEL AND lTS PRODUCTS

Packa ging of the gel shoul d supply prote ction fram light
, 02' H20
exces sive tempe rature , mecha n1cal damage and biolo gical
agent s.
Light : lt inact iva tes vitam ins such as Ribof lavin

and Vitam in C
02: lt cause s undes irable chang es
H2 0: Relat ive humid ity depen dent
Mech anical damag e: Spilla ge, break age, adhes ion and bendi ng
Good quali ty plast ics packa ging is imper meabl e to micro
organ isms, as
well as oxyge n and carbo n dioxi de. Conse quent ly, if the steri le and
stabl e gel was packa ged in a prope rly sealed plast ic
conta iner, no furth er
micro bial or organ olept ic chang es can take place .

Conta iners in which the Aloe gel or its produ cts are
held are con-
sidere d te. be the kind that are called "imme diate" conta
iners . And the
closu re would be a part of that. Prior to its being filled , the conta iner
would be cleane d and doesn 't inter act physi cally or
chem ically with the gel
so that it does not alter its quali ty, purit y, color
, odor, or its nutri -
tiona l conte nto Conta iners, when they are filled with the gel, have
to be
a maximum fill to prese rve color and also to reduc e
ascor bic acid losse s,
since the incre ase of the heads pace insid e the bottl
e will be direc tly
propo rtiona l with the ascor bic acid deple tion.

STORAGE OF THE ALOE GEL AND lTS PRODUcrS

In a cool, dark, dry area -- if storag e is prolon ged

orpro ducts are
store d at exces sively high temperatures~ reacti ons can take place betwe en
the gel and its conta iners , espec ially if it is made
out of a thin per-
meabl e type of plast ic. lt is obvio us that the total chang e in the

128
quality of the gel and its derivatives in storage is the sum of a series

of successive 'exposures at various environmental conditions during the

steps of processing, warehousing and distribution.

Various chemical and biological reactions take place in all the

stored Aloe products, and their type and rate are influenced greatly by

the storage environment. Many of these reactions involve oxygen which is

one of the severe enemies of stored Aloe products in general. Protection

against oxygen can be achieved in a variety of ways. For example,

packaging system can be tailored to avoid oxygen attack by using anti-

oxidants and hermetic closure system. Moisture is another enemy, especially

for the freeze-dried Aloe. Humidity in storage area would have to be

frequently controlled.

The br.eakdown and deterioration reaction would be very visibie and

noticeable, as the gel will darken in color and turn brown. Also, odors

and off-flavor would be noticed. As we mentioned before, the rate of

reaction that deteriorates the products will increase doublefold as the

temperature increases -- doublefold for every ten degrees Centigrade

increase in the temperature. (Q10 factor - refer to preceding chapters).

Generally, a product with a predetermined shelf life of few weeks

at 100°F., would be good for three years at 45°F. During storing, the

Aloe vera gel in any form is susceptible to losing some of its nutrients,

such as amino acids and vitamins. Depending upon the pH or the acidity

of the gel products (juice to drink, pure gel, Aloe cosmetic product) ,

thiamine, carotine, r.iboflavin and niacin, values may decrease slightly

during storage.

129
ASCORBIB ACID DURING STORAGE OF THE ALOE GEL PRODUCTS

For maintaining the Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid activity, it is

best to store the products in 85° F. no longer than 6 months. This

should maintain 85-90% of the activity of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid

is normally lost through two different reactions: one reaction is fairly

rapid and involves ascorbic acid oxidation by O2 present in the bottle,

and the other is a slower reaction in which O2 is not a reactant. Temper-

ature of 100°F. promotes the oxidation ratio of ascorbic acid; it is very

crucial not to store the Aloe and its products in warehouses of 100°F or

more.

Ascorbic acid is a water soluble vitamin and it is readily lose via

leaching or cutting the bruised surfaces of the plant leaves. However, in

processing the gel, the most significant losses of the processing result rrom

the chemical degradation. The loss of ascorbic acid is usually associated

with the non-enzymic browning. Ascorbic acid stability generally increases

as the gel temperature decreases -- i.e., the product is more stable with

its ascorbic acid content when it is under refrigeration.

In solution, the L-ascorbic acid is subject to oxidation. Ihis

provides that the stabilized gel should be protected from direct exposure

to air, light, and excessive heating. Generally speaking, dark glass

containers have better protection to the gel than p1astics of any kind.

However, the amount of ascorbic acid added will be reduced as the

material is exposed to air by opening the container or pouring the

material from one container to another and the possibility of darkening

can start. Also, little of the ascorbic acid content (10-15%) will be

lost as tOle storage period of time increases. Because the added ascorbic

acid in sealed containers acts as an oxygen scavenger, creating an

130
anaerobic or deoxygenated environment inside the container has been

effective as an aid in preventing specific types of microbial growth

of certain fungae and bacteria in the Aloe gel.

THE CONCENTRATED GEL

When concentrating the Aloe juice, the moisture content must be

lowered to below 50% on a wet basis before protection is afforded against

microorganisms. when water is removed by dehydration, the dissolved

ingredients are concentrated in the remaining amount of water, unless

they crystalize out. Moreover, the temperature is raised in order to

supply the necessary energy to transform the water from the liquid phase

into the vapor phase.

The concentrated' Aloe is normally a clear and viscous material. The

gel properties remaín stable, and there is no viable bacterial growth that

should be observable.

FREEZE-DRIEP ALOE

When the fresh stabilized Aloe gel is freeze-dried, it will produce a

light tan residue that is sufficiently pliable to be pulverized at below

freezing temperatures. If cold spray-dried with a suitable matrix, a free-

flowing lighter colored powder can be obtained.

ALOE TINCTURE

Aloe tincture is a preparation from Aloe that has been dissolved in

alcohol. Aloe tincture is recognized by the USNF and the British

Pharmacopoeia.

131
ALOE COSMETIC AND BEVERAGE FORMULATIONS
SUGGESTED FORNULATIONS FOR ALOE DRINI\S AND COSMETICS: REMARKS ENCOUNTERED IN REVIEWING ANO PREPARING THE. FOLLOWI:1G
FORMULATlONS:
The stabi1ity, purity and the different technica1 considerations
1) ~~F~ and chemica1 names of ingredients are used in the
of the final product wi11 depend on those of the Aloe gel used in
fo110wing formu1ations.
addition t the procedure app1ied'and the purity and condition of the
2) Water: disti11ed or deionized.
other ingredients emp10yed.
3) Aloe gel: stabi1ized, fiItrated from pu1p; aIways added
be10w 80°C.

4) Vitamins: A, E & D to oil phase; biotin & panthenol to

water pnase.

5) Preservatives: methy1 paraben in water phase

propyl paraben in oil phase

can be dissolved in water and

added'to final products on co1d

Other preservatives can a1so be incorporated.

6) shou1d be sprink1ed slowly on top of solutions
with thorough agitation, most often
Suspending neutralized with Triethanolamine,
Agents:

7) Procedure: 1) norma11y oil phase ingredients wi11 be

heated until comp1ete1y melted and
thoroughly mixed;

2) water phase ingredients wi11 be heated

and thoroughly mixed separate from the
oil phase;

3) normal1y both phases will be combined

on hot and cooled while emu1sion ls
belng agitated;

4) perfumes, color s , Dowicfl-200 as a

,preservative are added at last to the
being cooled, final producto

132 134
SUGGESTEO FORNULATlONS FOR ALOE ORINKS ANO COSMETlC REMARKS ENCOUNTEREO IN REVIEWING ANO PREPARING THE.
S: FOLLOWl;;r,
FORMULAT lONS:
The stabilit y, purity and the differen t technica l consider
ations
1) ~~F~ and chernica1 names of ingredie nts are used in the
of the finaL product wi11 depend on those of the Aloe gel
used in fo110wing formu1at ions.
addition to the procedur e applied' and the purity and conditio
n of the
2) Water: disti11e d or deionize d.
other ingredie nts emp10yed.
3) Aloe gel: stabi1iz ed, filtrated from pulp; a1ways added
below BO°C.

4) Vitamins : A, E & D to oil phase; biotin & pantheno l to

water phase.

5) Preserva tives: methyl paraben in water phase

propy1 paraben in oi1 phase

can be diss01ve d in water and

auded'to final products on cold

Other preserva tives can a1so be incorpor ated.

6) should be sprink1e d s10w1y on top of solution s
with thorough agitatio n, most often
Suspendi ng neutraliz ed with Triethan o1amine .
Agents:

7) Procedur e: 1) norma11y oil phase ingredie nts wi11 be

heated until comp1ete ly melted and
thorough ly mixed;

2) water phase ingredie nts wi11 be he3ted

and thorough ly mixed separate from the
oi1 phase;

3) normally both phases will be combined

on hot and co01ed whi1e emu1sion is
being agitated ;

4) perfumes , colors, Dowicfl- 200 as a

,preserv ativa are added at 1ast to the
being co01ed, final producto

132 134
 UATA-l Aloe - Vitamin E - body creme
ro w/w
1 - Isopropyl myristate 4.0
Parrafin wax 7.0
Petrolatum 42.0
Cetyl alcohol 2.0
Lanolin (anhydrous) 4.5
Sorbitan monooleate 4.0
Propyl paraben 0.2
2 - Distilled water 17.3
Stabilized Aloe gel lS.O
Sorbitol 70;( 3.0
Magnesium sulfate 0.2
Alfa tocopherol acetate 0.4
¡>lethyl paraben 0.4
Perfume Q.s.
PROCEDURE

Follow standard

Viscasity (cps/lS"C):
The following formulations will produce very fine, ettective PI!:

and expensive preparations. ~ome of these formulations have been UATA-2 Aloe vera d rink
? w/w
tested in Europe and their lngredients may not be available trom
Aloe juLce, stabilized 15-95
your typical supplier. However, mani of the original manufacturers Preservative Q.s.
Distilled water S.., 85 (optional)
of such ingredients can be found in the U.S.A. Please refer to us Flavar Q.s. (optional)
Thickener Q.s. (optional)
for any further assistance or inquiries. Sweetener Q.s. (optional)
Colar Q.5. (optional)
pH adjusted to 4-S.S Q.s. (optional)
PROCEDURE

Fallaw standard

Viscasity (cps/25°C):
PH:

136
 UATA-5 Protective hand cream (pressurized)
UATA-3 Protein shampoo
X w/w
% w/w
1 - Myrlstic acld 1.0
Sodium lauryl ether sulfate 50.0 Stearic acid 3:<'" 4.0
Animal protein 1.0 Catyl alcohol 0.4
Lecithen 2.0 LanoHn anh. 0.3
aleic acid diethanolamide 3.0 Isopropyl palmitate 1.1
DlstUled water 33.5 Silieone fluids 2.0
Methyl paraben .5 Triethanolamine 1.2
Stabilized Aloe vera gel 10.0
2 - Sorbitol 70% 2.1
PROCEDURE PVP-K30 0.2
Mix all ingredients at room·temperature, Distl11ed water 70.0
perfume. Stabi1ized Aloe vera gel 17.7
Viscosity (cps/25° C): Prope11ant 12/114 90% & UC 40/60 10~
PHI
PROCEDURE

1 - Heat to 70° C,
2 - Heat to 70° C, add 1 to 2 wlth agitatlon,
when homogeneous, cool, perfume.

Viscosity (eps/25° C):

UATA-4 Aging skin cream PH:
% w/w
UATA-6 Aloe-f1uorlde toothpaste
Neutral oH 50.0 Z w/w
Aloe 011 3.0
Wheat germ oH 3.0 1 - Hagneslum aluminum sHieate 1.0
Peroestron, hormone, stabilized 1.0 Cellulose gum 0.7
Oil-soluble placenta 3.0 Distilled water 4.5
Isopropyl myristate 40.0
AntioKidant Q.s. 2 - Stabi1ized Aloe vera gel 15.2
PROCEDURE 3 - Glycerin 12.5
Sorbitol 70% 12.6
Mix all ingredients at room temperature
4 - Stannous fluoride 0.4
Viscoslty (cps/25° C); Calcium pyrophosphate 45. O
PHI
S - Mint flavor 1.0

6 - Sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate 6.5

Methyl paraben 0.4

Propyl paraben 0.2

"'3X: Triple processed

 2 - Distilled water 60.0
PROCEDURE Stabilized Aloe gel 19.0
Nethyl paraben 0.15
1 - Mix until smooth Propylene glycol 4.6
2 - add to 1 until homogenous Triethanolamine 1.0
3 • add in order to previous mixture and homogenize, Hydrolyzed animal protein 0.1
4, 5, 6 add and homogenize Allantoin 0.4
Imadazo-lidynyl urea 0.05
Viscosity (cps/25° C):
PHI PROCEDURE
UATA-7 Aloe acne cream 1 - Heat ingredients to 70° e,
2 - heat to 65° C and add to 1,
x w/w homogenize, cool, perfume.
1 - Nagnesium aluminum silicate 2.0
Distilled water Viscosity (cps/25· C):
38.3 PHI
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 1.5

2 - SD alcohol 40 30.0
Propylene gIycol UATA-9 Aloe hand lotion
6.0
Laureth-4 5.0 i. w/w
3 - Benzoyl peroxide 70X 7.15 1 - Oleic acid 0.1
Stabilized Aloe vera gel 10.0 Sesame oil 1.4
~1ineral 011 1.0
PROCEDURE Petrolatum 0.6
Stearic acid 4.9
1 - Mix ingredients in order unt!l uniform, Cetyl alcohol 0.9
2 - mix and add to 1, homogenize, Glyceryl monostearate SE 1.5
3 - mix and add. Dimethicone, silicone fluid 0.1

Viscosity (cps/25° C): 2 - TEA, Triethonolamine 1.0

PHI Propylene glycol 3.48
Distilled water 48.0
UATA-8 Aloe Moisturizing Lotion Stabilized Aloe gel 36.5
Allantoin .3
x w/w Vitamin E 0.02
Methyl-paraben 0.10
1 - Mineral 011 5.5 Propyl-paraben
Petro1atum 0.05
0.55 Imidazo-lidinyl urea
Stearic acid (3X) 2.5 0.05
Glyceryl'monostearate 3.5 PROCEDURE
Lanolin Anh. 1.0
Sesame oH 0.05
1 - Heat and mix ingredients at 70· C,
Avocado 011 0.05
2 - heat and mix - except Aloe gel - mix
Cetyl alcohol 0.75 with 1, cook to 55· C, add Aloe -
Oleic acid 0.05
homogenize, perfume at room temperature.
Vitamin E acetate 0.04
Vitamin A palmitate 0.05
Viscosity (cps/25· e):
Propy~ paraben 0.01
PHI

140
139
 UATA-12 Aloe jojoba shampoo
UATA-10 Aloe jojoba creme rinse ~ w/w
:t w/w
SOD.1aureth sulfate 25.
1 - Laneth 25 2.45 Cocamide DEA 8.
Jojoba oH loS Propylene glycol J.
Glyceryl stearate + PEG 10o-stearate 6. Jojoba 011 2.5
Cetyl alcohol 2. Formaldehyde 0.05
Stear-alkonium chloride S. Imidazo-lidinyL urea 0.1
Hydrolyzed animal protein 1. Di sUlled wat er 8. J
Citric acid 40%-80ln pH 5-6 Q.s.
2 - l'antheuol 0.4 S tabHized Aloe 50.
Glycerine 2. Methy1 gluceth-20 J.
Stabilized Aloe 70. Fragrance 0.05
Distilled water 9.S
lmidazo-lidinyl urea O.OS PROCEDURE
Formaldehyde 0.05
Fragrance 0.05 Mix all ingredients at 4So C. cool,
adjust pH w/citric acid.
PROCEDURE
Viscosity (cps/2So C):
PHI
1 - Heat to 70° C, uniform,
2 - heat to 6So C and mix slowly with 1,
homogenize, perfume.
UATA-13 Hair treatment cream
Viscosity (cps/2So C): 1. w/w
PHI
*1 - Mono & dig1ycerides 10.0
UATA-ll Aloe cleansing lotion Cetyl-stearyl alcohol 3.0
% w/w Paraffin WaK 2.0
LanoHn oH 3.0
Sesame 011 1.0 Ch01estro1 USP 0.3
Petrolatum 1.0 Lecithin, soya .5
HO + lano11n 3.0 Isopropyl palmitate 6.0
Acetylated lanolln alcohol 2.0 Olive oH 2.5
Stearic acid 2.0 Vitamin A palmitate 0.1
GMS neutral 2.5 Jojoba oH 0.15
Laneth 10 2.0
Hineral 011 13.5 ** 2 - Distilled water 53.7
Propylene glycol 3.5 Cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride 4.0
Triethanolamine 0.4
Distilled water 8.8 *** 3 - Stabilized methionine, cysteine, cystine
Stabilized Aloe vera 60.0 amino acids .25
Imidazo lidinyl urea 0.04 Stabilized Aloe gel 14.5
Allantoin 0.01
Methy1 paraben 0.10 PROCEDURE
Prophy1 paraben 0.05
Fragrance 0.1 *1 - Melt at 70° C,
** 2 - heat separately to iO° C,
PROCEDURE add to 1 with agitation,
1 - Heat and mix at 70° C, cool emulsion to 45·
heat to 6So and add to 1, *** - add 3, cool to 3S· e,
cool, homogenize. perfume. perfume & package

Viscosity (cps/2So C): Viscosity (cps/2S· C):

PHI
PHI,

1¿ I
UATA-14 Face cream UATA-l6 eream shampoo for oily hair
:t w/w ~! w/w

1 - Glyceryl monostearate 10.0 1 - Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (28?) 35.0

Cetyl-stearyl alcohol 4.0 Cocamidopropyl betaine (30-357.) 20. O
Cetyl alcohol 4.0
2-octyldodecanol 6.0 2 - Distilled water 28. O
Avocado oH 4.0 Stabilized methionine 1.5
Lanolin anhydrous 2.0
Collagen 2.0 3 - Stabilized Aloe gel 15.0
Propyl paraben .2 Methyl paraben .5

2 - Distilled water 54.0 PROCEDURJ::

Methyl paraben .5
Glycerine 5.0 1, 2, 3 Mix at 50° C,
cool, perfume.
3 - Stabilized Aloe gel 8.3
Viscosity (cps/2S· C):
PROCEDURE PH:

1 - Melt and homogenize at 70° e, UATA-17 Aftershave gel

2 - heat to 70" C with agitation, 7. w/w
cool emulsion to 45° C,
3 - Add 3 with agitation, 1 - Ethanol (96% SD). 15.0
cool to 35" C, perfume. Distilled water 40.0
Stabilized Aloe gel 11. O
Viscosity (cps/2So C); Carbomere 934 1.0
PH:
2 - Glycerin 10.0
Triethanolamine 0.8
UATA-1S Hand lotion Disti11ed \o/ate r 21. 2
% w/w
3 - Human placenta 1.0
1 - Alkyl phosphate - diethanolamine complex 3.0
Glyceryl monostearate 1.0 PROCEDURE
Lanolin anhydrous 1.0
Oleyl alcohol 6.0 1 - Disperse carbomer 934 in solution of water, Aloe
Silicon oil, dimethyl siloxana 5.0 with rapid agitation at room temperature, add
Avocado oH 2.0 alcohol,
Apricot Kernel oil 1.0 2 - mix and stir into 1,
Propyl paraben .2 3 - solubilize and add to final gel with agitation,
homogenize, perfume.
2 - Distilled water 54.0
Methyl paraben .5 Viscosity (cps/2So e):
Sorbitol, 70% PH: :
5.0

3 - Stabilized Aloe gel 21. 3

PROCEDURE ·SD: Specially denatured

1 - Heat to 85" e with agitation,
2 - heat and mix to 85" e,
homogenize emulsion,
3 - Add at 65", cool to 35" e, perfume
Viscosity (cps/2S" C):
PH:'
144 145
 UATA-lB Baby oil UATA-2l Aloe gel stabil1zatlon formula'"
% w/w producing (99.3%) pure gel
ro w/w
Vegetable oH 59.0
lsopropyl myristate 30.0 EDTA - sa1t 0.059
Aloe oil Aminoaeetle acid USP 0.240
2.5
Wheat germ oH 3.5 Aseorbic acid USP 0.120
LanoHa oil 5.0 Citric aeid, granular 0.060
Antioxidant 9.5 Sodium ch10ride USP 0.075
Sodium benzoate USP 0.060
PROCEDURE Potassium sorbate USP 0.100
Potassium gluconate 0.024
Mix ingredients at room temperature, perfume. TOTAL additives (X) 0.738
Viscosity (cps/2So C): Sorbitol, fructose, distilled water, flavours,
PHI thickeners, emulsifiers, colors, pH buffers may
be added (refer to Chapters

UATA-19 Aftershave lotion PROCEDURE

% w/w
Refer to gel stabilization chapters
1 - Ethano1 96X (SO) 15.0
Camphor 0.1 '" Patent pending.
Methol 0.15 Consu1t United Aloe Technologists Association
for assistance.
2 - Distilled water 70.0
Citric acid 9.5
Stabi1ized Aloe vera gel UATA-22 Aloe heat lotion
12.5
i. w/w
PROCEDURE
1 - PPG-S-ceteth-lO phosphate 2.5
1 - Dissolve, Emulsifylng wax 4.0
2 - stir into 1, adjust pH with citric acid (5.5) PPG-6-cetyl ether 4.5
Propy 1 paraben 0.1
Viscosity (cps/2So C):
PHI 2 - Henthol 1.0
Camphor 1.0
Methyl salicylate 7.5
UATA-20 Hair and sealp nourishing lotion
% w/w 3 - G1ycerine 3.0
Hydrolyzed animal protein 1.0
Ethanol (96% SO) 44.5 Oimethylamine
Stabi1ized Aloe vera gel 0.3
10.0 Methyl pa raben 0.1
Distilled water 45.0 Distilled wat er
"'dl-pantheno1 55.0
0.25
Stabilized methionine 0.10 4 - Aloe gel
Oisti1led water - soluble placenta 20.0
0.15
PROCEDURE PROCEDURE
1 - Heat to 60° C,
Mix all ingredients at room temperature, 3 - heat to 65° C (dissolve animal protein ln water
perfume.
first), add 3 to 1, mix, at 55° e, add Aloe, coo1
to 35- C, add 2.
Viscosity (eps/2So C):
PHI Viscosity (cps/2S- e):
PHI

"'dI: Dextro~1evo

146 147
UATA-23 Aloe skin protective lotion UATA-25 Aloe heat gel
% w/w w/w
1 - Stearic acid 3X 10.0 Menthol USP 10.0
LanoHn wax 2.0 Methyl salicylate 15.0
PPG-S-cateth-lO phosphate 2.0 DEA-oleth-3 phosphate 2.5
Hydroxymethyl cellulose 2.5
2 - Menthol 0.1 DlstUled water 5.0
Eucalyptux oH 0.2 Stabillzed Aloe gel 25.0
Hethyl salicylate 0.1 Ethanol S0-40 (9S%) 40.0
3 - Propyl paraben 0.1 PROCEDURE
. Methyl paraben 0.1
Heat water, mix 4 slowly, cool,
4 - Hydrolyzed animal protein 0.6 add ethanol and uniform,
Triethanolomine 2.0 add rest slowly, homogenlze, fill off
Distilled water 55.0
Viscosity (cps/25° C):
s- Stabilized Aloe vera gel 27.8 PH:

PROCEDURE
UATA-26 Aloe gel for topieal application
1 - Héat to 7S" C and stir, 7. w/w
4 - heat (without Aloe) to 7So C and mix,
S - add at 60° C, homogenize, 1 - Stabilized Aloe gel 80.0
2 - add at 4S" C.
2 - Distilled water 21. 9
Viscosity (cps/25° C): 3 - Glycerine 2.0
PH:
4 - Carbomer 940 0.3
5 - Allanto!n 0.1
UATA-24 Aloe-silicone cream
% w/w 6 - TEA 0.3
1 - Emulsifying wax 15.0 - Methyl paraben 0.2
PEG 60-1ano11n 5.0
Oleyl alcohol 8 - Propyl paraben 0.05
4.0
Light mineral 011 15.0 9 - Imidazo-lidinyl urea 0.15
Silicone fluoride 10.0
PROCEDURE:
2 - Distilled water 21. o
Stabillzed Aloe gel 30.0 1, 2 - Mix,

PROCEDURE 4 - dispense, and then add 3,

S, 7, 8, 9, mix and add slowly,
1 - Heat water and Aloe to 60" C,
heat and mlx 1 (70° C), 6 - add slowly with vlgorous agitation,
add 2 slowly to 1 at 55° e, cool to 30°.
homogenize, perfume.
Viscosity (cps/2So e):
PH: Viscosity (cps/2So C):
PH:

148 149
 UATA-29 Aloe - mink creme
UATA-27 Aloe bath concentrate
:~ w/w
% w/w
1 - Stearic acid (3X) 3.0
Sodium lauryl sulfate 40.0 G1yceryl stearate
Lauric diethanolamide 3.0
4.0 Mink oH
Hydrogenated castor 011 3.0 10.0
Mineral oH 10.0
Sodium chloride 1.5 Wheat gerro oH
Titanium dioxide 5.0
0.2 Vitamin O
Distilled water 1.0
41.0 Propyl paraben
Stabilized Aloe gel 0.2
10.0
Methy1 paraben 0.2 2 - Triethonolamine 1.0
Distilled water 53.0
PROCEDURE Methyl paraben 0.2
Mix all ingredients except 4 and heat to 3 - Stabilized Aloe gel
55° C, coo1, add 4, perfume and color. 13.6
PROCEDURE
Viscosity (cps/25° C):
PHI 1 - Heat to 80° e with mixing,
2 heat to 80° e with mixing, then add to 1, mix,
3 - add to 65° e, homogenize, perfume.
UATA-28 Aloe Emo1lient
% w/w Viscosity (cps/25° C):
PHI
1 - Stearic acid (3X) 3.0
G1yceryl monostearate 3.0
Avocado oH 13.0
Shark liver oH 3.0 UATA-30 Aloe - moisturizer
Mineral oH 10.0 .~ w/w
Propyl paraben 0.2
Carbomer 940 0.2
2 - Triethoro1amine 1.0 Lano1in &anhydrous)
Distilled wate r 50.0 5.0
Stearic acid 2.6
~tabilized Aloe gel 16.4 Light mineral oi1 12. O
Methyl paraben 0.4 Mink oH 3.0
An tioxidant 9.5 Tr1ethano1amine 1.8
Distilled water 48.0
PROCEDURE Stabi1ized Aloe gel 26.0
Nethyl and propyl parabcns 0.3
1 - Heat to 80° C and mix, Perfume Q.s.
2 - heat without Aloe to 80° e, combine
1 & 2 and mix, add Aloe at 65° C, PROCEDURE
homogenize, perfume.
Follow standard
Viscosity (cps/25° e):
PHI Viscosity (cps/25° C):
PHI

150 151
 Le.x 1 ca n

'English German Soanish French

abnormal abnorm ahormal anormal

abolute absolut absoluto absolu

absorption Absorp tion t absorcion j absorption ti

aufzehrung ¿
acetate Azetat !l acetato /"Y? acetate /?1

acetic acid Essigs·avre j acido acetico acide acitique

aceto bacteria Essigbakterien acetobacterias mycodermes du

vinaigre

acid value Saurezahl j valor acido indice dI acidite

additive additiv aditivo additi j

aeration Beluftung j aeracion j aeration ¡
agitation umruhren ../1. agitacion I agitation!

aldose Aldose ;/ aldosa r aldose /7!

alkaline alkalisch alcalino alcalin

alkaloid Alkaloid h. alcaloide rrz alcaloide }?-1.

alkanes Alkane 7? re al cano s m ~ alcanes 7/,7 ~¿

alkenes Alkene 7? ~ alcenos 7/1 ~ alcenes /:11 ~

allantoin Allatoin 7t alantoina / allan toine /

amino group AmidOgruppej grupo m amido groupe m amide

amino acid Aminosaure j aminoacido 7?1 amLno-acide ~

amorphous amorph, gestaltlos amorfo amorphe

amylase Amylase j amilasa I amylase ¡

anaerobic anaerob anaerobio anaerobie

analyze analysieren analizar analyser

anthraquinone Anthrachinon 7( an traquinona ¡ anthraquincnej

anthrone Anthron 72 antrona I anthrone /

antioxidant An tioxydans 'J¿ antioxidante 7J( an ti -oxydan t rJ7

arabinose Arabinose j arabinosa ¿ arabinose /7t

arginase Arginase j arginasa ! arginase ti

arginine Arginin 71 arginina j arginine 6
English German Spanish French

L-ascorbic acid L-Askorbinsaure¿( acidoJnL-ascorbico acide~l-ascorbique

aseptic aseptisch aseptico aseptique

ash Asche ¡ .ceniza j cendre I

ash content As chengehal t PI contenido "'de cenizas teneur j en cendres

ash removal Aschenaustrag 7J1 eliminacion j de cenizas evacuatio¿(de cendres

En taschung j
asparagine Asparagin 7! asparraguina j asparagine j
aspartic acid Asparaginsaure j acido~aspartico acide p!aspartique

assay prufungjprobej ensayo 711 essai m

beaker Becherglas 71 vaso~de precipitados becher m
beeswax Bienenwac;hs 7! ceraI de abej as cirej d' abeilles

biocatalyst Biokatalysator 771 biocatalizador 7/( biocatalyseur ~

catalyseur ~
biologique

biochemistry Biochemie j bioquimica j biochimie j

biology Biologie I biologia ¡ biologie ¡
biose Biose j biosa j biose ~

biosyntehsis Biosynthese j biosintesis j biosynthese ¿/

biotin Biotin 7/, Bios ?'II biotina j biotinej

vitamin 71

bitter bitter amargo amer

borax Borax /J1 borax 7?1 borax ~

calcium Kalzium 71 calcico ?1? calcium 7?'1

Carbon Dioxide Kohlenstoffdioxid 7'; onhidrido Hf carbonico onhidride ",carbonique

B-carotens B-karoten 71 B-caroteno 7;Y B-carotene /7[

cellulose Zellstoff ~ celulosa¿( cellulose¿

cetyl alcohol Zetylalkohol ~~ alcoho17~cetilico alcool~cetylique

cholesterol Choles terin 72 coles terol 7Jf cholesterol 7?(

C H OH
27 4S
cinnamic acid Zirntsaure j acido.llf cinamico acide~cinnamique,
C H CH:CHCOOH B-Phenylakrylsaure¿( acide /rt
6 S B-phenylacrylique

citrate Zitrat 7/ citrato 11t. citrate 7~

English German Spanish French

citric acid Zi tronensaure ¿/ acid0.ht ci trico acide Jt ci trique

(OH)C H (COOH)3
3 4

concentration KonzentratiOn! concentracion j concentrationJ

copper Kupfer 71 Cobre 7J1 Cuivre 711
decomposition Zersetzung j descomposicionpl decomposition ¿f
dehydration Dehydration ti deshidratacion ¡ deshydratation j
enol enol 7/ enol 71 enol '7J1

ethyl ether Athylather. 7J1 eter d(etilico ether~ethylique,

C H OC R Diathylather ~ etherh1sulfurique
2 S 2 S
Wchwefelather ~ oxydeJJt d ' ethyle

eucalyptole Eukalyptol 71 eucaliptol 711 eucalyptol 7/?

C10R180 Zineol 71 caj eputol.J7 cineol

fermentation Essigsauregarung fementacion ti fermentationj

flavour aromatisieren saborear aromatiser

flavour Beigeschmack 7J1 Sabor 7?1 arriere-gout 7??

food chemistry Nahrungsmittlelchemiel quimica de los chimie des denrees

j alimentos alimentaires

food colour Lebensmittelfarbeti color para los colorant pou

alimentos denrees alimon

fructose D-Fruktose I fructose j fructose /"1?

glucuronic acid Glukuronsare J acido glucuronico acide glucuronique

glutamic acid Glutaminsaurej acido glutamico acide glutamia

glutamine Glutamin /t. glutaminaj glutaminej

glycerin
HOCH CH(OH)CH 0H
Glyzerin 71 gli~e~ina J glycerol 7;-r
glycerine/
2 2
glycine Glykokoll ~ Glyzin ~ glicina.t acido 7?/ glYCine~glycocoll
H NCH COOH Aminoessigsauretf amino-acetico m acide m
2 2
glicocola j amino-acetique

histamine Histamin 71. histamina j histamine ¿(

hishdine Histidin 71 histidina¿( histidine j
humidity fenchtigkeit¿( humedad t1 humidite j
ingredient Mischungsbestandteil~ ingrediente 771, ingredient ?71
Bestandteil 7J1 / componente 77?

inhibit hemmen inhibir inhiber

inhibition inhibition j inhibicion j inhibitionj

English German Spanish French

inhibition of reaction Reaktionshemmung'J ,inhib~cíontfde la inhib i tion rf

reaCCl.on de reaction
inhibitor Inhibitor m inhíbidor .lr! inhibiteur ""1
Hemmstoff 1'11

initiation Initiierung i inicíacion ¿ initiation 1..1

comienzo ?'7"1 commencement 771
principio pi

initator Initiierungsmittel 1l iniciador m amorce ¿f

Irish moss Karrageen 71 musgoJr¡ irlondes mousse¡ld'Irlande
iron Eisen 'J1 heirro m fer 771

juice Saft /YI jugo -?J1 jus '771

Kaolin Kaolin 771" caolin '7J1 kaolín /rl
Porzellanerdej

laevo-rotation Linksdrehung j levorrotacionj rotation~a gauche

laevo-rotatory linksdrehend levo giro levogyre

lamina Blattchen 71 lamina j lamelle /

Lanolin Lanolin '7'Z Lanolína j lanOlínej
Wollfett -TZ
leucine Leuzin '7l leucina j leucine ¿/
magnesium Magnesium 7t magnesio 7)( magnesium 7?L.
Mg

magnesium silicate Magnesiumsilikat 71 silicatoJ.7magnescio silicate -1de magnesiu

manganese Mangan 71 Manganeso 7/1 manganese ~

methyl alcohol Methylalkohol ~ alcoholfi7metilico alcool~methylique

CH 0H Methanol/rKarbinol '7t methanol/71
3 I

mineral oil Mineralol 7J; aceite 1fmineral; i

'huíle mineral e ;
Erdol /l petroleo ;io/( crudo) petrole 7?1

mineral water Mineralwasser 71 aquajmineral eau jminerale

minor nutrient Spurenelementdunger ~ oligoelemento J7Y oligo-element 77t..-

mirror image Spiegelbíld 7t imagen) en un espej o image J ref letee

mix v mischen; vermischen mezclar melanger
",
native a.. gediegen nativo natif
natural resin Naturharz n resina! natural resinej naturelle
English German Spanish French

oxidases ~ oxydasen j ~. oxidasas ¿(~ oxydases / ~

pantothenic acid Pantothensaure I acido pantotenico acide 7?(
CgH170S N pantothenique

peroxidase Peroxydase ) '" peroxidasa j peroxydase j

pH determination Bathomometrie ¡ determinaticion del pH mesure du pH

pharmaceuticals ~ pharmazeutische productos ?11 ~ produits 7.n ~

Spezialpraparate 7'/ ¡a-t
farmaceuticos
Arzneispezialitaten rl'farmacos 77/ r pharmaceutiques

phase Phase -¡ fase ;J' phase J'

phenolic resin p heno lharz /t resina fenolica resine phenolique

physical stability Physikalische estabilidad fisica stabilite physique

Bestandigkeit ti
polymer Polymer '"7t. po limero :r-'t polymere ';n(
Polymerisat 7l...

polymerization polymerisation¿f POlimeriZacion¿! polymerisation¿l

Potassium Kalium y¿ potasio 7?1. potassium ;;-;1...

potassium xanthate Kaliumxanthogenat ~ xantatoJ.rpotasico xanthogenate ~

CZHSOCSSK de potassium,
xanthate de
potassium

pulp pulpe j pulpa j pulpe ¿{

propionic acid proPionsaurej acido)fpropionico acide~propionique
CH3CHZCOOH

pr.opyl Propyl 7l propilo 771 propyle 7?7

C3H7

propyl alcohol Propylalkohol 7n alcohol)1propilico alcoolPrpropylique

C3H70H
propylene glycol Propylenglykol7! propilenglicol 7?1 propylene-glycol
CH CH(OH)CH 0H
3 2

protect schutzen proteger proteger

protection SChutz~Sicherung¿f proteccionj protecti0n¡'

protective substance Schutzstoff 711/ sustancia¿{protectora substanc: j

Schutzmittel 71 protectr~ce

quantity Quantitatj . cantidad j quantite j

resin Harz 7t. resina j resine I
English German Spanish French

salt Salz sal sel

j
sodium Natrium /t sodio "??{ sodium ~
Na

sodium benzoate Natriumbenzoat 71 benzoato Jt; sodico benzoate~de sodium

C H COONa
6 S
sodium bisulphate Natriumbisulfat 7¿ bisulfato~sodico bisulfate~de sodium
NaHS0 Natriumhydrogensulfat}(' sulfato ~acido
4
de sodio

sorbic acid sorbinsaurej acido »¡ sorbico acidel>fsorbique

CH3(CH:CH)2COOH

sour ¿¿ sauer agrio, acido acide

souring Y Sauern 7t acidulado }/ acidification j

aCidificacion~

stabilize {/ stabilisiern; estabilizar stabiliser

lagefest machen

stabilizer Stabilisator 771 estailizador ~/ stabilisateur /~

agent estabilizante stabilisant T'7"
agentA7stabilisant

stable compound stabile Verbindung ¿( compuestoh1estable composedJ'stable

bestandige Verbindung¿f

stearic acid
CH3(CH2)16COOH
Stearinsaure ti acido J.'i'es tearico kwas)?stearynowy

steel Stahl m acero 7J1 acier 7?¿,

sulfur Schwefel '71( azufre m soufre ~

tannic acid Tannin '7l acido tanico acide tannique

taste Geshmack /Yl gusto m gout 7?1

temperature range Temperaturbereich /J1 region de etendue de

temperatures temperatures

titration Titration ¡ volaracion

titulaCiOnj
¡" titrage /n;
titration ¿j

tocopherol Tokopherol 7t; tocoferol 77(" tocopherol ~

Antisterilatats- vitamin
vitamin 77/ antiesteril
Fertilitatisvitamin)( vitamina ¿j E
toilet soap Toiletteseife j/ jabon~de olor savon11de toilette
Feinseitej

Toluol '7l. tolueno 771 toluene 7)t,t'

English German Spanish French

unit Einheit j unidad j unite ¿/

Unstable unbestandig inestable instable

valine Valin 7l valina ti valine j

viscosity Viskositat j viscosidad j VisCosite/

t.7ater Wasser 72 aqua j eau j

H 0
2
t.7ater addition wasseranlaguerungt! adicionj de agua additio¿( d' eau

t.7ater bath Wasserbad ~ bano Jfde agua bain-marie /1'(

t.7ater content ~'¡assergehal t 7J1 contenido~de agua teneur}rfen eau

t.7ater-cooling wasserkuhlungj refrigeracion¿(con agua refroidissement ~

par,l'eau

t.7ater extract Wasserauszug ~ extractol%.cuoso extrait1áqueux

t.7ater gauge Wasserstandsanzeiger~ indicador)rde nivel indicateur/l;de

de agua niveau d'eau
hydrometre m

t.7ater hardening Wasserhartung j temple !o/al agua tremia l' eau

t.7ater hardness j
Harte des Wassers, durezatldel agua duret~drune eau
wasserhartej

water heating wasserheizungj calentamiento ~ chauffage~a eau

con agua chaude

water-soluble a.. wasserloslich soluble en agua hydrosoluble,

soluble dans l'eau

water-soluble wasserlosliche vitaminas J ~ vi tamines d' rz¿

vi'tamins ~ Vitamine 71 ~ hidrosolubles hydrosolubles

t.7ater supply ~'¡asserversorgung j suministro~de agua alimentatio¿/en e---l

wax Wachs 'rl. cera j cire ¿(

weight Gewicht 7l peso 77! poids 77!

yeast Hefe j levadura J levure¿(

 &1 o ~ St:::l (1

Acidity: (USP definition), number of mI of 0.1 N alcali required to neutralize the

free acids in 10 grams of the substance.
Acidulant: an acid that is added to food and drinks for taste enhancing and
shelf-life extension, e.g., citric and melic acids.
Acid value: the amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in mg required to neutralize
the free acid(s) in one gram material.
Antioxidant: chemical substance that inhibits oxidation (reaction with oxygen)
such as ascorbic acid and tocopherols (Beta, gamma and delta).
Ash: the amount of the material that has been incorporated under specific conditions.
Blanching: heat treatment of the tissue systems prior to preservation in order to
inactivate enzymes or prevent physical or nutritive changes.
Caloric value: the number of calories released by one (gram, serving, unit ... ,
etc.) of a producto
o
Calorie: is the amount of heat required to raise one gram of water 1 C (from
o o
14.S C-lS.S C).
Cathartic agent (e.g. aloin) , a cleansing agent to the digestive system (purgative);
a laxative's primary function is catharsis or purgation (carthartic, purgative).
Chelation, chelating agent: the capture of hydrogen or metal ions between atoms
of a single molecule (a chelating agent) to forro a complex which will liberate
the medium from these ions.
Dehydration: the process of water removal from a product (the reduction of product's
water activity).
Enolization, enol: formation of OH-C=C. A carbohydrate reaction that proceeds by
excessive heating and strongly in an alkaline medium.
Feeze-drying: the process that includes freezing the water content of a natural
material and then subliming (the ice to water vapor) under vacuum pressure
freezing, sublimination, drying.
Gel:
Gel is juice (when thick). It is the exuded substance from a plant
tissue, e.g., juice from oranges and lemon.
Gel from Aloe may be referred to as juice after it loses its viscousness
by aging or heat processing. Also referred to as jell.
Puree, when strained (no pulp).
Drink, when any of the above is mixed with water, e.g.,
orange drink.
Hydrophobic: the opposite characteristic of hydrophilic.
Hydroponic: the method of growing plants, earthlessly, no soil, in gravel bed
and fed with water (nutritive solution), commonly performed inside greenhouses
(glass hourses) under conrrolled environment (temperature, humidity, and light).
Iodine value: measure of the unsaturation degree of a compound, it is the grams
of iodine absorbed by 100 grams of the material under certain conditions.

Maillard reaction: the formation of brown products by the reaction of amino acids
and sugars in a medium.
Organic acid: or Corboxylic acid, one compound that contains the corbotyl group
(-C))H). Examples are citric, malic, succinic and benzoic acids.
Organoleptic: qualities of Aloe will be its color, taste and odor.
Peristalsis: the alimentary canal's worm-like muscular contractions which propels
its contents through the tubular organs (peristaltic).
- - -- - ~ - .. -..- --- ..
pH and pH Values of Human Body Fluids: pH is the potential of hydrogen or the
concentration of the hydrogen ions which is a controlling factor of the acidity
or alkalinity of the medium. The pH can take values between 1 and 14. From
1 to 7 is acidic; 7 is neutral; from 7 to 14 is alkaline media. It is beneficial
to know the pH values to some of our body's fluids, such as:
saliva pH - 5.75 - 7.4
bile pH - 7.8 - 8.'6
blood pH - 7.35 - 7.45
gastric juices inside stomach (.05% free HCL and rest water) 1.6-1.8
urine pH - 5.5 - 7
Polyhydric alcohol: an alcohol that contains more than one hydroxyl group such as
sorbitol:
CH 0H
2
\
(CHOH)4
I
CH 0H
2
Preservatives: chemical additives that have the ability to prevent spoilage and
decaying in food systems.
Proteolysis: proteins breaking down to simpler components (proteolytic).
Refractive Index: valuable in the identification of substances and the detection of
impurities. Temperature should be carefully adjusted and main~ained since it
would affect the refractive index very significantly. It is normally measured
0
between 20 and 25° C. The refractive index of distilled water at 25 C is 1.33.
Specific gravity: is the weight of a given volume of the substance compared to an
0
equal volume of water under certain temperature (25 e).
Stabilization: the preservation of a product's chemical, physical and organoleptic
qualities in order to extend its shelf lite. This process is often performed
by means of chemical additives, heat, freezing, refrigeration, etc.

Steroids and sterols: natural compounds, contained in animals and plants. They
belong to a general formula of 17 carbon atoms arranged in 4-ring structure.
Their alcohol form is called sterols. Examples are cholestrol, Ergosterol.
Viable microorganism: reproductive bacteria, mold ... , etc.
Viscosity: property of liquid that is closely related to the resistance to flow.
Units of measuring viscosity are pois, which is equal to 100 centipois. The
specifying of temperature is important because viscosity changes with tempera-
ture. In general, viscosity decreases as temperature is raised. On the kino-
matic scale, the units for viscosity are: stokes and centistokes - one stoke is
equal to 100 centistokes. Kinomatic viscosity is equal to the absolute viscosity
divided by the density of that material and measured at the same temperature of
the absolute viscosity.
Water activity: when water is free, it is most active. Water'activity will
decrease when solutes are added (salutes reduce vapor pressure).
 PART II
Pages 152 - 579

ALOE VERA
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Literature and patent search

1980 - 1993

CAUTION: Several entries are inevitably repeated.

 October 25, 1989 8:37am page 1

File 311:CA SEARCH 1982-86

(Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.)
File 312:CA SEARCH 1987-1989 (UD=11116)
(Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.)

Record - 1

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988'by The Amer. Chem. Soe.)>

104230247 CA: l04(26)230247f JOURNAL
Substances for skin and hair care
AUTHOR(S): Nowak, Gustav A.
LOCATION: D-3450, Eolzminóen, Fed. Rep. Ger.
JOURNAL: Parfuem. Kosmet. DATE: 1986 VOLUME: 67 NUMBER: 2 PAGES: 80-2
, 89-90 CODEN: PAKOAL ISSN: 0031-1952 LANGUAGE: German
SECTION:
CA162004 Essential Oils and Cosmeties
IDENTIFIERS: hair conditioner oil, shampoo oil
DESCRI?TORS:
Oils ...
avocado, for cosmetics
Cosmeties ... Hair preparations,conditioners ... Shampoos ...
components of
Waxes and Waxy substances,jojoba ...
for cosmetics
Aloe vera ...
gel, for cosmetics ana hair prepns.

Record - 2

<DIALOG Fi le 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.) >

104155697 CA: 104(18)155697x JOURNAL
Evaluation of the humectant properties of Aloe perryi Baker
AUTnOR(S): Erazo, S.; Lemus, l.; Garcia, R.
LOCATION: Dep. Ciene. Basicas Farm., üniv. Chile, Santiago, Chile,
JOURNAL: Planto Med. Phytother. DATE: 1985 VOLUME: 19 NUMBER: 4
PAGES: 240-7 CODEN: PLMPA9 ISSN: 0032-0994 LANGUAGE: French
SECTION:
CA162004 Essential Oils ana Cosmetics
CA163XXX Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: humectant property Aloe gel
DESCRIPTORS:
Cosmetics ...
Aloe humectants for, properties of
Aloe barbadensis ... Aloe perryi ...
humectant properties of, tor cosmetics
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
67479-27-0 humectant properties of, for cosmetics

Record - 3

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

104115874 CA: 104(14)115874w PATENT
Hair treatment product
INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Brown, Robert L.
LOCATION: USA
 Oetober 25, 1989 8:37am ?age 2

PATENT: Vnited States ; US 4547364 A DATE: 851015

APPLICATION: GS 468695 (830222)
PAGES: 3 pp. CODEN: GSXXAM LANGüAGE: English CLASS: 424070000; A61K-00
7/06A; A61K-035j783
SECTION:
CA162003 Essential Oils and Cosmeties
CA163XXX Pharmaeeutieals
IDENTIFIERS: hair ehlorine removíng agent, dermatitis hana trea~ment
eompn, conditíoner hair permanent wave, shampoo chlorine damaged hair
DESCRIPTORS:
rtair preparations,eonaitioners ... Shampoos ...
for chlorine-damaged hair
Aloe vera ... Betaines,eoeo alkyl ... Amides,eoeo,
N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl),biological studies ...
hair treatment prepns. contg., for chlorine damaged hair
Dermatitis ...
treatment of, on hand, topical agents for
Hand,disease, dermatitis ...
treatment of, topieal agents for
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
50-81-7 67-63-0 144-55-8 biological studies, hair treatment prepns.
contg., for chlorine damaged hair
99-76-3 1406-16-2 1406-18-4 2235-54-3 hair treatment prepns. contg.,
tor chlorine aamaged hair

Record - 4

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

103165936 CA: 103(20)165936t PATENT
Natural aloe gel: cosmetic eomposition with antiacne ano moisturizing
properties
INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Audy-Rowland, Jeanne
LOCATION: Fr.
PATENT: France Demande ; FR 2555445 Al DATE: 850531
APPLICATION: FR 8318912 (831128)
PAGES: 7 pp. CODEN: FRXXBL LANGUAGE: French CLASS: A61K-007/40A
SECTION:
CA162004 Essentiai 011s and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: aloe gel skín moisturizing acne treatmen~
DESCRIPTORS:
Ointments,gels ...
aloe ext. contg., tor SKln moisturizing and acne t~eatment
Aloe barbadensis ... Peppermint ...
ext., gel for skin moisturizing aná acne t?eatment contg.
Acne ...
gel for treatment of, aloe-contg.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
97-59-6 gel for skin moisturizing aná acne treatment contg.

Record - 5

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

102225857 CA: 102(26)225857j PATENT
Skin treatment preparation
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Millard, Mary A.
LOCATION: USA

tS'?
 Oc~obeT 25, 1989 8:37am Page 3

PATENT: United States ; US 4505902 A DATE: 850319

APPLICATION: US 582078 (840221) *US 418592 (820915)
?AGES: 4 pp. Cont.-in-part of G.S. Ser. No. 418,592, abanaoned. CODEN: U
SXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424195100; A61K-035/78A
SECTION:
CA162004 Essential Oi1s and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: skin treatment compn
DE·SCRIPTORS:
Oi1s . ..
apricot kernel, in skin treatment prepn.
Oi1s ...
avocado, in skin treatment prepn.
Cod-1iver oil ... Paraffin oi1s ...
in skin treatment prepn.
Aloe vera ...
juice of, in skin treatment prepn.
Cosmetics,moisturizers ...
oi1s and Aloe vera juice in
Oils . ..
wheat germ, in skin treatment prepn.

Record - 6

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 ay 7ne Amer. Chem. Soc.»

101216459 CA: 101(24)216459h PATENT
Topical compositions tor decreasing wrink1es and smoothing sKin
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): ~ubowe, Irwin l.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United StaLes ; US 4474763 A DATE: 841002
APPLICATION: US 395990 (820707)
PAGES: 4 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: Eng1ish CLASS: 42417'1000; A61K-03
7/02; A61K-031/56
SECTION:
CA163006 Pharmaceuticals
CA162XXX Essential Oi1s and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: pregnenolone e1astin toplcal compn,skin wrinKle compn, cosm
etic makeup pregneno1one e1astin
DESCRIPTORS:
Elastins ...
hydrolyzates, topical compns. contg. pregnenolone esters and, for
smoothing skin and decreasing wrinkles
Cosmetics,wrinkle-preventing ... Pharmaceuticals,topical ...
pregneno1one esters and elastins for
Skin ...
smoothing of, topical compns. contg. pregnenolone esters and e1astins
for
Aloe vera ... Collagens,biological studies ... Sunburn and Suntan,sunscreens.
Surfactants ... Vitamins ... Waxes and Waxy subs~ances ...
topical compns. contg. pregnenolone esters ana, for smoothing skin and
decreasing wrinkles
Oils ...
topical compns. contg. pregnenolone esters, for smoothing skin and
decreasing wrinkles
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
145-13-1 511-26-2 1778-02-5 4598-67-8 topical compns. contg. elastins
and, for smoothing skin ano decreasing wrinkles
 Octobe:r 25, 1989 8:38am Page 4

97-59-6 topical compns. contg. pregnenolone esters and, for smoothing skin
ano decreasing wrinkles

ctecord - 7

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. ehem. Soc.»

101177263 CA: 101(20)177263t PATENT
Increasing color fastness of stabilized Aloe vera
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Maughan, Rex G.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; US 4465629 A DATE: 840814
APPLICATION: US 476419 (830317)
PAGES: 3 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 260236500; C07G-01
7/00; A61K-035/78
SECTION:
CA162001 Essential Oi1s and Cosmetics
CA163XXX Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFI~RS: Aloe gel color rastness, antioxidant Aloe gel cosmetic
DESCRIPTORS:
Cosmetics ...
Aloe vera gels for, color fastness of stabilized, antioxidants
enhancement ot
Antioxidants ...
color fastness oi Aloe gels enhancement by, for cosmetics
Coior ...
fastness, oÍ Aloe vera gels, antioxidants enhancement of, cosmetics in
relation to
Aloe vera ...
gels, color fastness of stabilized, antioxidants enhancement of, for
cosmetics
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
121-79-9 7631-90-5 7681-07-4 7757-83-7 19267-05-1 antioxidant, color
fastness of Aloe gels enhancement by, for cosmetics
56-40-6 biological studies, antioxidant, color fastness of Aloe gels
enhancement by, tor cosmetics

Record - 8

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. enern. Soc.»

101157707 CA: 101(18)157707n PATENT
Vitamin-containing skin care ointment
INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Bilton,' Gerald L.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Advanced Drug Technology Carpo
PATENT: PCT International ; WO 8402845 Al DATE: 840802
APPLICATION: WO 84US80 (840118) *US 460007 (830121)
PAGES: 14 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 LANGUAG~: English CLASS: A61K-033/30; A61K
-035/78; A61K-031/59; A61K-031/350; A61K-031/315; A61X-03~/07
DESIGNATED COGNTRI2S: 3P DESIGNATED REGIONAL: AT; BE'; eH; DE; FR; GB; LU
; NL; SE
SECTION:
CA163006 ?harmaceu~icals
CA162XXX Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IVENTIFIZRS: vitamin aintment, wound healing vitamin ointment, skin
vitamin ointment
DESCRIPTORS:

/55
 October 25, 1989 8:38am Page 5

Lanolin ...
ethoxylated, ointments contg. vitamins and, for skin disorders and
wound healing
Aloe vera ... Witch hazel ...
ointments contg. vitamins and exts. of, for skin disorders and wound
healing
Ointments ...
vitamin, for skin disorders and wound nealing
Wound healing ...
vitamin-contg. ointments tor
GAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
56-81-5 1314-13-2 biological studies, ointments contg. vitamins ana, tor
skin disorders and wound healing
67-97-0 1406-16-2 1406-18-4 11103-57-4 ointment contg., tor skin
disorders and wound healing

Record - 9

<DIALOG Fi~e 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

100215513 CA: 100(26)215513p PATENT
Stabilization oi a clear gel from Aloe vera leaves
LOGATION: Spain,
ASSIGNEE: homcaTe Iberica S. A.
PATENT: Spain ; ES 502307 A3 DATE: 830101
APPLICATION: ES 502307 (810519)
PAGES: 25 pp. Patent of Introduction GODEN: SPXXAD LANGüAGE: Spanisn
GLASS: A61K-035j78
SEGTION:
CA163006 Pharmaceuticals
GA162XXX Essential Oi1s and Gosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe vera gel stabilization, cosmetic Aloe vera gel
stabilization
DESGRIPTORS:
Aloe vera ...
gel, stabilization of, for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals
GAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
50-70-4 50-81-7 60-00-4 7664-38-2 7722-84-1 biological studies, in
Aloe vera gel stabilization
88-27-7 866-84-2 1406-18-4 24634-61-5 36653-82-4 50376-44-8 in Aloe
vera gel stabilization

Record - 10

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

99093485 CA: 99(12)93485u JOURNAL
Aloe vera: the quest tor the !lcurative missing link
ll

AUTHOR(S): McKeown, Edward C.

LOCATION: Costec, Inc., Palatine, IL, 60067, USA
JOURNAL: Drug Cosmet. Ind. DATE: 1983 VOLUME: 132 NUMBER: 6 ?AGES: 30
-2, 34-5, 133 CODEN: DCINAQ ISSN: 0012-6521 LANGUAGE: English
S~CTIO:N:
CA162000 Essen~ial Oi1s and Cosmetics
CA164XXX Pharmaceutícal Analysis
IDENTIFIERS: review Aloe analysis
DESCRIPTOrtS:
Cosmetics ...
 October 25, 1989 8:39am Page 6

Aloe vera in
Aloe vera ...
cosmetic use and compn. of

Record - 11

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

99058799 CA: 99(8)58799c JOURNAL
Applying heat ciuring processing of commercial Aloe vera gel
AUTHOR(S): Ashleye, A. D.
LOCATION: Johannesburg, S. Afr.
JOURNAL: Erde Int. DATE: 1983 VOLUME: 1 NUMBER: 1 ?AGES: 40-4
CODEN: ERINEA LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA163005 Pharmaceuticals
CA117XXX Food and Feed Chemístry
CA162XXX Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: A~oe gel neaL processing, gel Aloe oharmaceutical heat, food
Aoe gel heat
DESCRIPTORS:
Food ...
Aloe gel for, heat processing effect on
Aloe ...
ge1s, processing of, heat effect on

Record - 12

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Cherna Soc.»

96040740 CA: 96(6)40740e PATENT
Nonirritating antiperspirant
INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Denavarre, Maison G.; Meadows, Timothy
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Terry Corp.
PATENT: United States ; US 4302443 A DATE: 811124
APPLICATION: US 123378 (800221)
PAGES: 4 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424068000; A61K-OO
7/38; A61K-035/78
SECTION:
CA162004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: antiperspirant nonirritating, aloe vera antiperspirant
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe vera ...
antiperspirants contg. aluminum chloronyároxiae ana, nonirritating
Antipersplran~s ...
nonirritating, aluminum chlorohydroxide ano aloe vera ext. in
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
10284-64-7 antiperspirants contg. aloe vera ext. ana, nonirritating

Record - 13

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chern. Soc.»

110141291 CA: 110(16)141291x PATENT
cosmetic skin preparations containing succinic acid salts and aloe
extract
INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Miyamoto, Tatsu; Maeno, Kiyoshi
LOCATION: Japan,

IS1
 Octo·oer 25, 1989 8:40am Page 7

ASSIGNEE: Kanebo, Ltd.

PATENT: Japan ~okai Tokkyo Kono ; 3P 88159304 A2 3P 63159304 DATE: 880
702
APPLICATION: JP 86307394 (861222)
PAGES: 8 pp. GODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: A61K-007/00A; A61
K-007/48B
SEGTION:
GA2~2004 Essential Oi~s and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: succinate aloe ext skín moísturízer
DESCRIPTORS:
Cosmetícs,moísturízers ...
contg. succinate salts and aloe ext.
Aloe barbadensis ...
ext., cosmetíc skin prepns. contg. succinate salts aná
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
2922-54-5 19914-·51-3 25399-74-0 34717-22-1 cosmetic skin prepns. contg.
aloe ext. and

Record - 14

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

110141289 CA: 110(16)141289c PATENT
Ladies' aftershave preparation and method tor its manufacture
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Lewis, Jean; De Chicío, Michael; Marsnall, Deborah
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; US 4761278 A DATE: 880802
APPLICATION: US 25819 (870313)
PAGES: 3 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424073000; A61K-00
7/15A; A61K-031j14B
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oi1s and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: aloe vera ladies aftershave
DESCRIPTORS:
Shaving preparations,aftershaves ...
aloe vera in, for ladies
Alcohols,bíological studíes ... Aloe barbadensis ...
ladies' artersnave compn. con~g.
GAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
57-55-6 77-92-9 biological studies, ladies' aftershave compn. contg.
532-32-1 ladies l attershave compn. contg.

Record - 15

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Cnero. Soc.»

109115885 CA: 109(14)115885d PATENT
Dentifrices containing Sanguinaria extracT.S and Aloe gels and zinc
chloride
INVZNTOR(AUTHOR): Ladanyi, Peter A.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Smith Collins Pharmaceutical, Inc.
PATENT: European Pat. Appl. ; EP 264906 A2 DATE: 880427
APPLICATION: EP 87115336 (871020) *US 921954 (86102~)
PAGES: 4 pp. CODEN: EPXXDW LANGUAGE: English CLASS: A61K-007/16A; A61K
-007/26B DESIGNATED COüNTRIES: AT; BE; CH; DE; ES; FR; GB; GR; IT; LI; LU;
NL; SE
SECTION:
 Octooer 25, 1989 8:41am ?age 8

CA262007 Essential Oils and Cosmetics

IDENTIFIERS: sanguinaria aloe zinc chloride dentifrice
DESGRIPTORS:
Dentifrices ...
contg. Sanguinaria exts. and Aloe gels and zinc chloride
Sanguinaria canadensis ...
dentifrices contg. zinc chloride and Aloe gels and
Aloe barbadensis ...
dentifrices contg. zinc chloride and Sanguinaria exts. and
GAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
7646-85-7 biological studies, dentifrices contg. Sanguinaria exts. and
Aloe gels and

Record - 16

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

108026838 CA: 108(4)26838c PATENT
Gosmetic lotion containjng aloe vera, zinc, vitamins A, E6, C , ana E,
biotin, and fruit pectin
INVZNTOR(AUTHOR): Bates, narry L.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; US 4704280 A DATE: 871103
APPLICATION: US 943710 (861219)
PAGES: 3 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424195100; A61K-00
7/06A; A61K-007/48B
SECTION:
CA262004 Essentia~ Oils ano Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: skin nair moisturizer, aloe vera cosmetic lotían, zinc
cosmetic lotíon, vi~amin A B6 e E lotíon, oíotin cosmetic lo~ion, pectin
cosmetic latio~
DESCRIPTORS:
CosmeLics,mois~urizers, lotions ...
contg. aloe vera, pectín , vitamins ano zinc
Aloe barbadensis ...
cosmetic moisturízing lotíon contg.
Shaving preparations,aftershaves ...
for skin roughened by repeated shaving
CAS REGISTRY NUM3ERS:
50-81-7 7440-66-6 bíological studies, cosmetic moisturizing lotían contg.
58-85-5 1406-18-4 8059-24-3 9000-69-5 11103-57-4 cosmetic moisturizing
lotíon contg.

Record - 17

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

107183550 CA: 107(20)183550z PATENT
Processes for preparation of aloe 9roducts, products produced thereby and
compositions thereof
INVENTOR (AUTEOR) : McAnalley, 3i11 H.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Carrington Laboratories, Inc.
PATENT: PCT International ; WO 8700052 A¡ DATE: 870115
APPLICATION: WO 86US1335 (860620) *US 750321 (850628) *US 754859 (850712)
*US 810025 (851217) *US 869261 (860605)
PAGES: 156 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 LANGUAGE: Englisn CLASS: A61K-035/78A; A6
lK-031/715B; A61K-031/72B DESIGNATED C00NTRI2S: AV; BR; DK; ?I; 3P; NO; SU

151
 October 25, 1989 8:41am Page 9

DESIGNATED REGIONAL: AT; BE; CF; CG; CH; CM; DE; FR; GA; GB; IT; LV; ML;
MR; NL; SE; SN; TD; ?G
SECTION:
CA263004 Pharmaceuticals
CA201XXX Pharmacology
CA262XXX Essentia1 0115 and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: aloe extn process carrisyn pharmaceutical, carrisyn mol
structure extn pharmaceutica1
DESCRIPTORS:
Wound hea1 ing ...
anthraquinone-free aloe extso or Carrisyn for
Immunodeficiency,acquired immune deficiency syndrome .. o Intestine,colitis,d
isease or disordero .. Intestine,CrohnIs,disease or disorder ... Nerve,trigem
inal neuralgia.00 •

anthraquinone-free aloe exts. or Carrisyn for treatment of

Aloe africana ferox. Aloe africana ... Aloe dichotoma ... Aloe feroxo ..
00

extn. of anthraquinone-free gel ana juice froro, isolation oí active

comnonent in, and ~harmaceutical uses of
Pharmaceutical naturaj products,aloe, juice ...
extno oí antnraqu.lnone-free gel, isolation oí active component in, and
pharmaceutical uses of
Aloe barbaaenslso ..
extn. of an~hraq~inone-free juice and gel fraro, pharmaceutical uses,
and mol. structure oi active component in
Pharmaceutica1 natural products,aloe ...
isolation oi anthraquinone-free, processes tor, and active ingreciients
in
Vlcer inhibitors. o.
treatment of, with anthraquinone-prealoe exts. or Carrisyn
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
84-65-1P aloe eXLS. which are free froID, process for prepn. oí
110865-83-3 extn. of, trom Aloe barbedensis, ana mol. structure ana
pharmaceutical uses oí

Record - 18

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soco»

106072727 CA: 106(10)72727x PATENT
Single-phase clear liquid aftershave treatment product containing aloe
vera
INVENTOR (AUTEOR) : Lindauer, Jerome l.; rteich, Sharon L.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: International Flavors and Fragrances Ine.
PATENT: United States ; US 4627934 A DATE: 861209
APPLICATION: US 695074 (850125)
PAGES: 10 pp. COD2~: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 252522000R; A61K-
007/46A
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils aná Cosmetics
IDENTIFI2RS: aloe ext allantoin aftershave
DESCRI?TORS:
Lanolin .. o Oils,lanolin, ethoxylated pro~oxylated ... ?o~yoxyalkylenes,biolo
gical s"tuaies o o .
aftershaves contg. aioe vera ext. and al~antoin and
Aloe barbadensiso 00

ext., aftersnave contg. allantoin and

(~O
 October 25, 1989 8:42am Page 10

Shaving preparations,aftershaves ...

single-phase, contg. aloe vera ext. and all~ntoin, with healing
properties
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
97-59-6 aftershave conr.g. aloe v~ra ext. and
107435-57-4 aftershaves, contg. aloe vera ext. and allantoin
25231-21-4 25322-68-3 64156-20-3 aftershaves contg. aloe vera ext. and
allantoin and
64-17-5 biological studies, artershave contg. aloe vera ext. and allantoin
ano

( (o l
 October 24, 1989 4:38pm Page 1

File 285:BIOBUSINESS - 1985-1989/NOV WEEK 3

(COPR.1989 BIOSIS)

3/7/1 (Item 1 fram file: 285)

0180891
ALOE VERA GEL.
ANON
DENTAL PRODUCTS REPORT, VOL.23, NO.4, APRIL, 1989, P.47, 1989.
Language: ENGLISH

3/7/2 (Item 2 from file: 285)

0124499
EVALUATION OF MOISTGRIZING EFFECT OF ALOE VERA IN BENZOYL PEROXIDE
FORMULATIONS.
DAS S; KAPLAN L L; ZIETS G A
ADVANCES CARE PRODUCTS DIV., ORTHO PHARMACEUTICAL CORP., RARITAN, N.J.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, VOL.76, NO.ll, P.S309, 1987.
Joint Japan-USA Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Honalulu, Hawaii,
USA, December 2-7, 1987. J PHARM SCI
Language: ENGLISH

3/7/3 (Item 3 from file: 285)

0070571
CARRINGTON LABORATORIES.
FROMSON B D
FORTUNE, VOL.114, NO.9, P.92, 1986.
Language: ENGLISH
Carringtan Labs (Dalias, Texas), wnlcn processes aloe vera used in
cosmetics and beásore gel, has claimed its aloe-based drug Carrisyn may
cure AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Carrington expects
expedited FDA approval in view of all the AIDS publicity. FDA doctors on
the other hand seriously guestion the drug's validity ana report i t may be
toxico

3/7/4 (Item 4 from file: 285)

0032169
ALOE VERA UPDATE: A NEW FORM QUESTIONS INTEGRITY OF OLD.
LEUNG A
35 CUMBERLAND ROAD, GLEN ROCK, N.J. 07452.
DRUG AND COSMETIC INDUSTRY, VOL.137, NO.3, P.42,44-46, 1985.
Language: ENGLISH

3/7/5 (Item 5 from file: 285)

015673
CTFA SEEKS ALOE VERA CUT FROM ENDANGERED SPECIES LIST.
ANON
CHEMICAL MARKETING REPORTER, VOL.226, NO.17, P.21,22, 1984.
Language: ENGLISH
The Cosmetic Toiletry and Fragrance Assn. is requesting that the U.S.
remove the aloe vera plant from regulation under the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species. The Association claims that
cosmetic sources of aloe vera are cultivated and would not endanger rare
species. The aloe vera market is valued at forty million dollars. Atable
shows drug exports by volume and value for July and August 1984.

{(PL.-1Co3
 October 20, 1989 9:04am Page 1

File 203:AGRIS INTERNATIONAL 74-89/JUL

3/7/5 (Item 5 from file: 203)

0900973 AGRIS No: 86-024656
[Aloe Vera [morphology, composition, analysis, stability, activity,
qua1ity in cosmetics]] (Aloe Vera)
Chirapha Suwanprakorn
Warasan Witthayasart, Feb 1984, v. 38(2) p. 105-109
ISSN: 0125-0515 Notes: Received Sep 1985
Language: Thai
Place of Publication: Thailand
Document Type: Journal Article,
Journal Announcement: 1205 Record input by Thailand

f ~ Lf
 October 20, 1989 8:28am Page 1

File 55:BIOSIS PREVIEWS 81-89/SEP BA8809;RRM3709

(C.BIOSrS 1989)

3/7/1
001~655071 BIOSIS Number: 88077247
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ALOE
COMPONENTS IN SKIN CARE COSMETICS
NAKAMURA H; KAN T; KISHIMOTO K; IKEDA K; AMEIYA T; ITO K; WATANABE y
TOKYO METROPOLITAN RES. LAB. PUBLIC HEALTH, 3-24-1, HYAKUNINCHO,
SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO 169, JAPAN.
EISEI KAGAKU 35 (3). 1989. 219-225. CODEN: ESKGA
Language: JAPANESE
Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric method was applied to the
determination and identification of aloe components, barbaloin (BA) and
aloenin (AL), in skin care cosmetics. After removal of volatile substances
in vacuo, the sample was dissolved in water and treated with Sep-Pak C18
cartridge. The eluate with methanol was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, and
a trimethylsilylation was achieved with bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide and
acetonitrile at 70.degree. C for 60 mino The reaction mixture was injected
into a gas chromatograph and a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer with a
megabore DB-1 capillary column. The recoveries of BA and AL added to the
lotion and cream samples were more than 85% in the lotion and more than 67%
in the cream, and with the identification limit oí 2 .mu.g/g and 4 .mu.g/g,
respectively. BA and AL in commercial cosmetics, cosmetic raw materials and
aloe leaves were successfully determined and identified.

3/7/2
0018096403 BIOSIS Number: 34052921
EVALUATION OF MOlSTURIZING EFFECT OF ALOE VERA IN BENZOYL PEROXIDE
FORMULATIONS
DAS S; KAPLAN L L; ZIETS G A
ADVANCES CARE PRODUCTS DIV., ORTHO PHARMACEUTICAL CORP., RARITAN, N.J.
JOINT JAPAN-USA CONGRESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, HONOLULU, HAWAII,
USA, DECEMBER 2-7, 1987. J PHARM scr 76 (11). 1987. S309. CODEN: JPMSA
Language: ENGLISH

3/7/3
0017062847 BIOSIS Number: 32033068
SINGLE PRASE CLEAR LlQUID AFTER-SHAVE TREATMENT PRODUCT CONTAlNING
ALOE-VERA US PATENT-4627934. DEC. 9 1986
LINDAUER J 1; REleE s L
HILLSDALE, N.J., USA.
Patent Assignee: INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCES INe.
OFF GAZ U S PAT TRADEMARK OFF PAT 1073 (2). 1986. 926-927. CODEN:
OGUPE
Language: ENGLISH

3/7/4
0016679458 BrOSIS Number: 31090920
THE ALOE-VERA PHENOMENON A REVlEW OF THE PROPERTIES AND MODERN USES OF
THE LEAF PARENCHYMA GEL
GRINDLAY D; REYNOLDS T
JODRELL LABORATORY, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW, RICHMOND, SURREY, UK.
 Oetober 20, 1989 8:28am Page 2

J ETHNOPHARMACOL 16 (2-3).1986. 117-152. CODZN: JOETD

Language: ENGLISH

3/7/5
0015704715 BIOSIS Number: 29103878
ALOE-VERA UPDATE A NEW FORM QUESTlONS INTEGRITY OF OLD
LEUNG A
35 CUMBERLAND ROAD, GLEN ROCK, N.J. 07452.
DRUG COSMET lND 137 (3). 1985. 42, 44-46. CODEN: DCINA
Language: ENGLlSH

3/7/6
0015026730 BlOSIS Number: 28017563 . .
ALOE-VERA COMPONENTS POSSESSING COSMETtC AND MEDlCAL APPLlCATIONS
DANHOF 1 E
INST. NATURAl, SOURCES, 909 DALWORTH, SUlTE 200, GRAND PRAlRlE, TEX.
75050.
ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR OF THE SOCIETY OF COSMETIC CHEMlSTS, ANAHEIM,
CALIF., USA, MAY 9-10, 1984. J SOC COSMET CHEM 35 (4). 1984. 234-235.
CODEN: JSCCA
Language: ENGLISH

f~~
 October 20, 1989 8:27am Page 1

File 55:BIOSIS PREVIEWS 81-89jSEP BA8809;RRM3709

(C.BIOSIS 1989)

1/7/12
86018349 85039472 Holding Library: AGL
Aloe barbadensis Miller as a plant used for the cosmetic industry
Aloe barbadensis Miller als Nutzpflanze fur die Kosmetikindustrie
Swart, D.;
Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten. Aug 1984. v. 35 (8) p. 188-189. il1.
Garbsen Deutsche Kakteen-Gessellschaft. ISSN: 0022-7846 CODEN:
KAASB
DNAL CALL NO: QK495.CI1K3
Language: German
Includes 11 references.
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Article
 October 20, 1989 3:13pm Page 1

File 144:PASCAL 1986 - 1989 JUL

3/7/1
07906446 PASCAL No.: 87-0386232
Aloe in cosmetics Does it do anything?
DANHOF 1 E
Chemetics Laboratories inc., Dallas TX 75220, USA
Cosmetics and toiletries, 1987, 102 (6) 62-63
ISSN: 0361-4387 CODEN: CTOIDG Availability: CNRS-6219
No. of Refs.: 8 ref.
Document Type: P (Serial) A (Analytic)
Country of Publication: USA
Language: ENGLISH
Proprietes de l'aloe vera. Essais

3/7/2
07906445 PASCAL No.: 87-0386231
Aloe vera
MCKEOWN E
Costee inc., Palatine 1L 60078, USA
Cosmetics and toiletries. 1987, 102 (6) 64-65
ISSN: 0361-4387 CODEN: CTOIDG Availability: CNRS-6219
No. of Refs.: 16 ref.
Document Type: P (Serial) A (Analytic)
Country of Publication: USA
Language: ENGLISH
Proprietes; utilisation en cosmetologie dans les produits hydratants et
antisolaires

3/7/3
07906442 PASCAL No.: 87-0386228
Why natural? Scientífic support of natural materials
GANS E H
Hastings associates, Westport CT 06880, USA
Cosmetics and toiletries. 1987, 102 (6) 21-26
ISSN: 0361-4387 CODEN: CTOIDG Availability: CNRS-6219
No. of Refs.: 7 ref.
Document Type: P (Serial) A (Analytic)
Country of Publication: USA
Language: ENGLISH

3/7/4
07831656 PASCAL No.: 87-0311379
Einsatz von Aloe Vera in der Kosmetikindustrie
(Utilisation d'aloe Vera dans l'industrie cosmetique)
(Aloe vera use in cosmetic industry)
SOEFW. Seifen OEle Fette Wachse. 1987, 113 (1) 12
ISSN: 0173-5500 Availability: CNRS-5380
Document Type: P (Serial) : A (Analytic)
Country of Publication: Federal Republic of Germany
Lang-uage: German
Elle est utilisee dans des huiles et emulsions protectrices du visage,
des mains. du corps, dan s les produits solaires, les crayons pour levre.
shampoings. mousse de rasage, apres rasage

l~ g
 October 20, 1989 3:13pm Page 2

3/7/5
07272058 PASCAL No.: 86-0160986
Einige Wirkstoffe zur Haut- und Haar-pflege
(Des substances avec des proprietes traitant la peau et les cheveux)
(Substances with skin treating and hair conditioning properties)
NO}vAK G A
Dr.-Lehmann-Weg 10, Holzminden 3450, Federal Republic of Germany
Parfuemerie und Kosmetik, 1986, 67 (2) 80-90
ISSN: 0031-1952 Availability: CNRS-8238
No. of Refs.: 7 ref.
Document Type: P (Serial) ; A (Analytic)
Country of Publication: Federal Republic of Germany
Language: German Surnmary Language: ENGLISH: FRENCH; Spanish
Les cosrnetiques naturels sont preferes aujourdlhui par les consommateurs;
dans cet article un certain nombre de composants naturels sont passes en
revue

3/7/6
07183760 PASCAL No.: 86-0232009
Aloe Vera ein der Natur entnommener Wirkstoff
(Aloe Vera un produit actif venant de la natureJ
(Aloe vera an active prnduct from nature)
TOMASCHEK E
Bernsteinstrasse 86, Stuttgart 7000, Federal Republic of Germany
SOEFW. Seifen OEle Fette Wachse, 1986. 112 (1) 6-8
ISSN: 0173-5500 Availability: CNRS-5380
Document Type: ? (Serial) ; A (Analytic)
Country of Publication: Federal Republic of Germany
Language: German
Ce produit contient 99,5% dleau et le 0,5% res~ant contient 160 produits
(sucres amines. aminoacides, enzymes, sels metalliques, polysaccharides,
mucopolysaccharides, sterols, triterpenoides et vitamines). Forrnulations de
produits cosmetiques contenant un gel dlaloe vera

3/7/7
05600599 PASCAL No.: 84-0100953
Formulary-Personal cleansers bath products. A selected group of formulas
which illustrate the use of the newest ingredicnts and the most modern
product concepts in personal cleansers and bath products
Cosmetics and toiletries, 1982, 97 (7) 91-110
ISSN: 0361-4387 Availability: CNRS-6219
Document Type: P (Serial) A (Analytic)
Country of Publication: USA
Language: English

3/7/8
05377262 PASCAL No. 85-0077420
Aloe vera
(Aloe vera)
(Aloe vera)
SCHMID 1\
Hans Rahn co., Zuerich 8057. Swj tzerland
Parfuemerie und Kosmetik, 1984, 65 (12) 768-772
ISSN: 0031-1952 Availability: CNRS-8238
Oocument Type: P (Serial) ; A (Analytic) G ~1""'-~J'1
 October 20. 1989 3:01pm Page 1

Fiie 74:INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL ABS. - 70-89/SEP

(Copr. ASHP 1989)

3/7/3
1572399 25-06168
Aloe in cosmetics--does it do anything?
Danhof. l. E.
Chemetics Lab .. rnc., 2954 Congressman Lane, DalIas. TX 75220
Cosmet. Toilet. 102:62-63 (Jun) 1987
Coden: CTOrDG
Languages: English
(8 References)
Substantiation of the various claims in skin care formulations for aloe
vera, including increasing collagen content of skin. inhibiting ~ne
formation of melanin and possessing antiphlogistic activity. is reviewed.
Victor Origoni

3/7/4
1572357 25-06126
Aloe vera
McKeown. E.
Costee. lnc., P.O. Box 69::~. Palatine. 1L 60078
Cosmet. Toilet. 102:64-65 (Jun) 1987
Coden: CTOIDG
Languages: English
(16 References)
The physical anó chemical characteristics of aloe vera, ano its uses as
moisturizing and sunscreen agents and for treatment of minor skin injuries
and for beautification purposes, are described.
Víctor Origoní

3/7/18
0107747 21-06469
Overselling of aloe vera
Hecht, A.
FDA Consumo 15:26-29 (Jul-Aug) 1981
Coden: FDACBH
Languages: English
lnformation on the history and botanical sources of the aloe vera plant
and of the cosmetic and medicinal claims and applications of the different
aloe vera products found on the market is presented.
Recornmendations of the FDA review panels on the safety and effectiveness
of aloe and aloe vera gel as active ingredients in OTC preparations are
briefly discussed.
Lilia M. Sancho

3/7/19
0104575 21-03181
Formulating cosmetics with aloe vera
Meadows, T.
Terry Corp., Melbourne. FL 32935
Drug Cosmet. Ind. 132:34, 37-38, 40, 100, 103 (Feb) 1983
Coden: DCINAQ

tI I
 Oetober 20, 1989 3:01pm Page 2

Languages: Englísh
'( 4 Re f e r e n e e s )
A variety of formula~ions eontaining aloe vera are presented, and speeial
handling teehniques in the ineorporation of aloe vera into dosage forms are
diseussed.
Examples are given of formulations intended for moisturizing, eosmetie
and burn therapy indieations and inelude solutions, gels, creams and
acro'soIs.
Paul R. Webster

3/7/24
0072864 17-05967
Perfuming of natural ingredients in eosmeties
Maloney, R. A.
AIpine Aromatics International lne .. Metuehen. NJ
Drug Cosmet. Ind. 127:54. 56, 60, 118 (Sep) 1980
Languages: English
(4 Referenees)
With the advent of their use in eosmetie formulations, the perfuming of
gum tragaeanth. mink oil, aloe vera gel, carrageenan and jojoba oil is
diseussed.
Joan Lentine

l72.
 October 25, 1989 11:59am Page 1

File 351:World Patents Index, Latest 1981+

DW=8934, UA=8923, UM=8907

File 621:PTS NPA - 85-89/0CT WEEK 2

(Copr. 1989 Predicasts)

3/7/1 (Item l trom file: 351)

4959153 WPI Acc No: 88-249652/35
XRAM Acc No: C88-111459
Dermal cosmetic compsn. - contains ~lve yeas~ cells, selenium, carotene,
RNA, DNA, water and albumen, to moisturise skin; DEOXYRIB9NUCLEIC
RIBONUCLEIC ACID
Patent Assignee: (FIAS/) FIASCEETTI M G
Author (inventor): FIASCEZTTI M G
Number of Patents: OO~
Patent Family:
CC Number Kinó Date Week
WO 8806034 A 880825 8835 (3asic)
Priority Data (CC,No,Date): US 14302 (870213);
Applications (CC,~o,Date): WO 88U5385 (880212);
2P and/or WO Language: English
EP and/or WO Cited Paten~s:
US 4507279; DE 2617919; WO 8403835; 2.Jnl.REF;
Designated State8 (Nationai): J? (Regional): AT; BE;' eH; DE; FR; GB; IT; Lü
; NL; SE
Abstract (Basic): W08806034
A dermal compsn. comprises cosmetic or therapeutic eliciting
amounts of live yeast cells, selenium, carotene, RNA, DNA, water and
albumen.
Pref. the live yeast cells are Saccharomyces cerevisiae ana the
selenium ls finely powdered. Suitably the amt. of each component in
parts by wt. i8 5-8 pbw of live yeast cells, 1/4-3/4 pbw of selenium,
3/4-11/2 pbw of carotene, 2-4 pbw of RNA, 1-3 pbw of DNA, 2-6 pbw of
water and 3/4-21/2 pbw of albumen, esp. respectively 6, 1/2, 1, 3, 2, 3
and 1 pbw. The compsn. may al so contain a Panine, arginine, as~artic
acid, serine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine, valine, glutamic acid,
glycine, isolencine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, histidine,
leucine, lysine and cystine, and also opto copper, calcium, folie acia,
vitamins BI, B2, 36: B12, K, E and C, niacin, bistin, pantothenic acia,
choline, inositol, para-amino-benzoic aClC, bee palIen, evening
primrose oil, aloe vera, chromium and magnesium, suitably coilectively
in an amount of 5-20 wt.% of the entire compsn.
USE - The compsn. beautifies and moisturises human skin. It may
also have ~~e~apeutic affec~s such as the removal of lines o~ wrinkles,
dissolution or rat pockets, rernoval of bags unaer the eyes aná the
cIosure of pores or gaps in the skin to render a smooth uniform
appearance. ~(23P? ~wg.No.O!O)~
Derwent Class: 305; D21;
:nt ?at Class: A61K-007/50; A61K-009/10;
Derwent Registry Numbers: 1662-U; 1740-U; 1780-U

3/7/2 (Item 2 from file: 351)

4735109 W?I Acc No: 88-02567l/04
XRAM Acc No: C88-011483

[73
 October 25, 1989 11:59am page 2"

Tyrosinase inhibi~or - contains methanol soluble components from

dialysis fractions of aloe e.g. 211-0- feruloylaloesin, used for
treating e.g. chloracne
Patent Assignee: (YAGI/) YAGI T
Number of Patents: 001
Patent Family:
CC Number Kind Date Week
JP 62286909 A 871212 8804 (3asic)
Priority ~ata (CC,No,Date): 3P 86130481 (860604);
Abs~ract (Basic): JP62286909
Tyrosinase inhibitor which contains methanol-soluble component in
alalysis frac~ions of A~oe as effective componente The tyrosinase
inhibitor pref. has a methanol-soluble component of Aloesin or Aloesin
estero The tyrosinase inhibitor is esp. pref. an Aloesin es~er, i.e.
2' '-O-pheruloylaloesin.
USE/ADVANTAGE - Natural tyrosinase inhibitor which is effective
for freshening skin, removal of chloracren or freckles, improvement of
spot on skin due to hepatopathy. Tyrosinase inhibitor of this invention
is appliea as pharmaceuticals tor ex~ernai use or cosmetics. As
material Aloe may be used, Aloe perryí Ba~e~, Aloe arborescens MilI.
va. natalensis derger, Aloe barbadensis Miller, Aloe ?erox Miller or
hybrid of Aloe feroz Miller with Aloe afiricans Miller and Aloe spicta
Baker, Aloe Canóelabrum Berger.
In an example, nutrient cream type of cold cream contained in the
oil phase: ~anolin alcohol 5.0, acetylateó lanolin 1.0, whale wax 4.0,
white beeswax 10.0, fluidised paraffin 20.0, white valeline 20.0,
sorbitan zatty acio ester 3.0, tween 60 1.0, polyethyleneglycol 400
2.0, methylcellulose 0.1, freeze dried prod. of methanol-soluble
component in Aloe dialysis prod. 0.5. The aq. phase contained propylene
glycol 5.0, methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.1, perfume and water-added whole
amt. 100.0. @(6pp Dwg.No.O/l)@ "
Derwent Class: B04; D21;
Int Pat Class: A61K-001/00; A61K-035/78; C07D-309jOO; C07D-311/00;
C07D-407/04; C12N-009/99;

3/7/3 (Item 3 troro file: 351)

4674136 WPI Acc No: 87-327597/46
XRAM Acc No: C87-~39712
Cosmetic lotíon ror softening skin comprises aioe vera, zinc,
vitamín(s) e, s, E and B-6 biotin, fruit pectin, carrier 2nd so~vent;
VITAMIN-A VI7AMIN-C VITAMIN-Z VITAM:N-B6
Patent Assignee: (BATE/) BATES ti L
Au~hor (inventor): 3A7ES n L
Number oi Patents: 001
Paten~ Family:
CC Number Kind Date Week
US 4704280 A 871103 874.6 (Basic)
Priority Data (CC,No,uate): ÜS 943710 (8612í9);
Abstract (Basic): ÜS4704280
A cosmetic lotion consists of (per 302 of lotíon) (i) 1-30 (esp
6),g aloe vera, (1i) 30-900 (esp 180) mg Zn, as a therapeutie epa.,
(iii) 100-5000 (esp. 2000) mg vitamin e, (iv) 25,000-500,000 (esp.
50,000) USP units vitamin A, (v) 200-4000 (es~. 400) IU vitamin E, (Vi)
100-2000 (esp. 400) mg vitamin B-5, (vii) 600-12000 (esp. 3000) meg
biotin, and (viii) 3-15 (esp. 7.5) g fruit pectin, and (ix) a balance
of earners and solvents (esp. water). Pref. the lotion also contains
 Oetober 25, 1989 11:59am Page 3

preservatives, eolurants, emulsifiers, fragranees or their mixto

USE - The lotion softens skin and is esp. useful for skin whieh
has been roughened by repeated shaving, suen as face and legs It ean
also be used to sorten hair without leaving it greasy. ~(3pp
Dwg.No.OIO)@
Derwent Class: D21; E19; 232;
Int Pat Class: A61K-007/06;
Ring Index Numbers: 00945
Derwent Registry Numbers: 0035-U; 0172-U; 0179-U; 0252-U; 0282-U; 1323-D

3/7/4 (Item 4 trom file: 351)

4365225 WPI Acc No: 87-021864/03
XRAM Ace No: C87-009128
Polymers of acetylated mannose monomers ana aerivs. troro aloe extracts
useful as wound healing, ulcerprotective, cell stimulant, pesticidal,
cosmetic and related uses; MUCOUS ANTIFUNGAL SUN SCREEN HYPO ALLERGEN
INSECT REPEL PAPER PULP FIBRE AID ACQUIRE IMMUNE DEFICIENT SYNDROME
PRESERVE
Patent Assignee: (CARR-) CARRINGTON LAB INC
Author (inventor): MCANALLEY B H
Number or Patents: 013
Patent Family:
CC Number :<:ind Date Week
WO 8700052 A 870115 8703 (Basic)
AV 8661255 A 870130 8716
EP 227806 A 870708 8727
PT 82862 A 870819 8737
CN 8604468 A 86123l 8301
ZA 8604 7 4f~ A 871228 8812
VS 4735935 :..~ 880405 8816
JP 6350122~L W 880512 8825
ES 8801986 FJ. 880601 8828
2S 880223:' A 880701 8832
:C:S 8802232 -~. 880701 8832
ES 8802390 A 880816 8839
EP 328775 ~.
~ ...... 890823 8934

Priority Data (CC,No,Date): liS 869261 (860605); US 750321 (850628); u.;:>

.... -C' ....

754859 (850712); US 810025 (851211); US 375720 (820507); as

649967 (840912);
Applications (CC,No,Date): WO 86US1335 (860620); EP 86904550 (860620);
ZA 864744 (860625); 3P 86503588 (860620); ES 556686 (860625); ES
557820 (880215); ES 557821 (88021b); ES 557159 (870930); EP
88121318 (880620);
EP and/or WO Language: Englisn
EP and/or WO Cited Patents:
US 3360511; US 3892853; US 4555987; US 3920816; US 4178372; l.Jn:.RE?;
SS R871209; No .Citns.; US 4446131; as 4465629; FM 3068;
Designated States (National): AU; BR; DK; FI; JP; NO; SU (Regional): AT; BE
; CF; CG; CH; CM: DE; FR; GA; GB; IT; LD; ML; MR; NL; SE; SN; TD; TG;
LI
Filing Details: E?0227806 Based on W08700052 (1248MD); US4735935
(+12.9.84, 28.6.85, 12.7.85, 17.12.85 -0S-649967, 750321, 754859,
810025) (931); JP63501221 Based on W03700052 (2) (1248AP); EP0328775
(+12.7.85, i7.12.85-üS-754859, 810025) Reiated to ~P-227806 (124832)
Abstract (Basic): W08700052

17S-
 Oc~ooe~ 25, 1989 l2:00am ?age 4

Compsn. comprising a non-aegradable lyophilisea oráerea llnear

polymer of acetylated mannose monomers is new. Compsn. co~p~ising an
EtOH pptn. proa. of juice of the Aloe vera plant, the proá. being
non-aegradable and in lyophilised form, is new. Similar compsns. ootd.
from the juice of the Aloe ferox, ?fricana or dichotoma plants are also
new.
Compsn. comprising a non-degradable lyophilised ordered linear
polymer having a repeating monomer of formula (l) is new. 21 =CH20n,
COO(-) or CH20-COMe; R2,R3 =OH, O-COMe or NHCOMe; n =2-5000.
USE/ADVANTAGE - The compsns. are obtd. from distinct portions of
the Aloe plants and the different portions have specific activities,
e.g. laxative, antifungal, antibiological, pesticidal, sunscreening,
mucosal protective, penetrant, hypoallergic, moisturiser"
ulceroprotective, cell stimulative, wound healing, natural
preservative, cell growth stimulant, insect repellent activities etc ..
The compsns. may be usea in cosmetic and skin care prods., agricultural
prods., as paper pulp fibres and in various therapeutic prods .. Such
prods. have been clinically testea tor use as topical wouno healing ana
ulceroprotective agents, as stimulants of lymphocytes in AIDS patients,
in treating tic Qouiourexu e~c. with gooa results. @(155pp
Dwg.No.O/32)~~
Abstract (US): 8816 US4735935
Aloe-based compsn. of matte~ comprises a non-degradable
lyophilisea oraered ilnear polymer of 2-50,000 substá. mannose monomers
which comprises 80% or polymer.
Pref. monomers are bondeó toge~her by beta(¡-41 bon¿s. ~epeating
monomer has famuja (I), whe~e Rl 1s CH20H, coa, or CH200CCH3; R2 i8 On,
OOCCH3, or NHCOC~3; 23 is OH, OOCCH3, or NHCOCli3; ana n i5 2-50,000.
Polymer i8 s~erii~sed by irradiation with gamma or Eic~owave raaia~:on.

USE - For ~opical a~p~lca~ion as an ointmen~, or as a cosme~ic, or

health foad drink. @(66pp)@
Derwent Class: 304; C03; D21; F09; D22;
Int Pat Class: A61K-031/11; A61K-035/78; A61A-031/71; C07H-003/02;
A61K-007/48; C083-037/00;

3/7/5 (Itero 5 from file: 35l)

4152059 WPI Acc No: 86-155449/24
XRAM Acc No: C86-066498
Aloe vera leaf processor cuts off enas, side margins and rina with aloin
to allow gel removal
Patent Assignee: (DGRA/) DE GRAY W G
Author (inventor): D2GRAY W G
Number of Patents: 001
Patent Family:
ce Number Kind ~ate Week
US 4591387 A 860527 8624 (Basic)
Priority Data (CC/No,Da~e): US 577961 (840207);
Abstract (Basic): US4591387
A processor comprises a conveyor receiving leaves lenqthwise and
passing stations tor cu~~lng ~he leading and trailing snas of a leaf
transversely to contour CU~ the opposite side narginal edges of theleaf
~rom the remainder, to cut one of the top ano bottom rind panels and
the adjacent aloin layer froID the leat, and to remove Lhe exposed ~eaf
gel layer trom the otner a~oin layer aná rind ~anei.
?here i5 p~ef. a flat~ener to make the residual parts of the ¡eaf

17~
 October 25, 1989 12:01am Page 5

planar before removing tne gel layer. 7he flattener pref. forros
transversely spaced and e~onqate grooves in the gel and the gel is
removed as st=ips f~om be~ween the grooves.
USE/ADVANTAGE - Por au~omatic cornmercial extraction of gel for use
in burn and skin injury Lreatment &nd in various cosmetics and
pharmaceuticals, allowing variation in leaf length and width to be
com~ensated foro @(10pp Dwg.No.0/3)@
Derwent Class: B04; D21;
Int Pat Class: C13C-001/00;

3/7/6 (Item 6 from file: 351)

3834132 WPI Acc No: 85-161053/27
XRAM Acc No: C85-070373
Skin care cosmetic compsn inhydrogel forro contg. aloe vera Barbadensis
ex~ract, natural excipient, aromatic vegetable extract and
antifungal-bacterial agent
Patent Assignee: (AUDY/) AUDY-ROWLAND J
Author (invent:or): :KOWLAND :; A
Number oi ?aLents: 001
?atent,Family:
CC Number ~ina ~ate Wee~
FR 2555445 A 85053i 8527 (3asicl
?riorlty Data (CC,~o,Date): FR 8318912 (831128);
Abstract (Basic): F~25b5445
A cosmeLic com9sn. oí the plane-in-water extract, hydrogel type
comprises a i~quiG pnase (demineralised water), a salid phase (Aloe
Vera 3arbatiensis Millar dry vegetabie extracT in sprayed forro), a
naturai exciDlen~ agen~ (I)r a natural aromatic vegetable agent (Ir) in
extrac~ form an¿ an antifungal-antibacterial agent.
USE!ADVA~TAGE - Bor applying to the skin. The compsn. does no~
leave any ~race oi fat on the skin. It is not viscous but fluid ana
gives an immediate sensation or freshness and smoothing erfecL. ~(6pp
Dwg . N o . O/? ) ,~
Derwent Class: D21;
Int Pat Class: A61K-007/40;

3/7/7 (Item 7 frem file: 351)

3759792 WPI Acc No: 85-086713/14
XRAM Acc No: C85-037777
Skin treatment moisturising compsn. easily compounded tram readi:y
available natural ingredients
Patent Assignee: (MILL/) MILLARD M A
Author (inventor): MILLARD M A
Number oi Paten~s: 001
Patent Family:
CC Number Kind Date Week
US 4505902 A 850319 8514 {Basicl
Prio~ity Data (CC,No,Date): US ~82078 (840221); US 418592 (820915);
Abstract (Basic): 0S4505902
Skin trea~ment compsn. com~rises twt.%) (1) refíned mineral oil
54.25; (2) aprico-t lzernei oL} 26.00; (3) aioe vera jUlce 1:3.00; (4:)
wheat germ oii 1.00; (5) avocado oil 0.50; (6) cod ~lver oil 0.10; (7)
pro~ylDaraben 0.10 and (8) ~utyl~~ed h~¿roxyanisole 0.05.
GSE/ ADVAN7AG¡~ - Corx;>sn. ~JroHlo~es skin :neaJ. tn by provi ding mois~'ure
and vital nu~rients, anó has marked cosmetic value. It is prepd. from
readily availariie na~l¡ra~ ~~greóien~s, WiL~OU~ use of special appts. ay

177
 October 25, 1989 :i.2:02am page 6

particular control of conditions, and has extended shelf life. @(4pp

Dwg.No.O/O)@
Derwent Class: D21; E14;
Int Pat Class: A61K-035/78;
Derwent Registry Numbers: 0607-U

3/7/8 (Item 8 from file: 351)

3244485 WPI Acc No: 83-740710/33
XRAM Acc No: C83-078979
XRPX Acc No: N83-145830
Aioe vera leai splitting longitudinally befare gel removal by pressing
rollers
Patent Assiqnee: (TTIOM/) THOMPSON D
Author (inventor): THOMPSON D
Number of Patenr.s: 001
Patent Family:
ce Nu~ber Kinó Date Week
US 439S942 A 830802 8333 (Basicl
Priority Data (CC,NorDate): US 311423 (811014);
Abs~ract (3asicl: A:oe vera leaf is advanced through an aQpts. while
sandwicheti be~ween a pair oi bait conveyors. The leaf passes ~er.ween
r.wo pairs o~ p~esslng rollers ana then is moved past a slittíng Knife
whicn cuts the leaf longitudinally in its planeo Each oi the resuitant
halves is tnen squeezed between toothed rollers to se9arate the gel
from r.he skin.
The pressinq rollers are mounted on meshing and pivoting
frameworks walcn main~ain ~ne centre line of ~he leaf in alignment with
the centre line oí the appts. despite variations in the leaf thickness.

The appts. recovers the gel oi aloe vera tor use in the prepn. of
medicinal compsns., cosmetics or soap. The mounting oí the pressing
rollers ensures tnat the leaf is slit symmetrically despite variations
in its thickness. (11ppDwg.No.O/8)
Derwent Class: 305; D21; 271;
Int Pat Class: B30B-009/20;

3/7/9 (Item 9 from file: 351)

3154609 WPI Acc No: 83-14614K/06
XRAM Acc No: C83-014199
Cosme~ic facia~ compsD.contg. aloe vera plus
hydroxy~ropyl-methylcellulose, vitamin cpas., albumiD! eLc.
Patent Assignee: (KARR/) KARRH R e
Author (inventor): M~HALOVITS S M
Num~er of Patents: 001
Par.ent: ?amily:
CC l.Jumber Kind vJeek
ÜS 4369~oO A 8301:8 8306 (3asicJ
Priority Data (CC,No,Date): US 300992 (810910);
ADstrac~ (3asicl: Cosme~ic ~aci¿l 9renn. comprises, by W~., a¡oA vera 25-75
(48.75)%; citTic aciá 0.2-2 (0.75)%; ~ sorbate 0.:-2 (0.25)%; Na
Denzoate 0.:-2 (0.25)%; corn starcn 10-70 (37.5)%; alburnin l-~O (4.5)%;
hyd~oxypTopyloBelhyicellulose (1) 0.5-10 (5)%; allantoin 0.5-5 (1.5)%
ano 0.i-5 (0.5)% each of Vi~amins A (re~inol), D2 (ergocalciferoll and
2 (~OCOpheToi). Opto ~he corn starch i5 repiacea by cosmetic clay, or
poth are present together, each at 0.5-69.5%.
The compsns. cieanse ano sof~en the skin ano improve its texture,
 Oetober 25, 1989 12:02am Page 7

while simultaneously restoring essential vitamins ano proteins. (3pp)

0erwent Class: A96; 021; E19;
Int Pat Class: A61K-031/59; A61K-035/78; A61K-037/00;
Ring Index Numbers: 01391
Derwent Registry Numbers: 0007-V; OJ79-~; 0282-U; 0419-U; 0652-(7; 0903-U;
1333-U; 1863-ü

3/7/10 (Item 1. tram iile: 62~)

0178967
News Release
DATELINE: HACK2NSACK, NJ September 3, :987 WORD COUNT: 126

Porter, Le Vay & Rose, Ine.

225 West 34th Sto
New York, NY lOOO~
212/564-4700
Teleeo?ier: 2:2!24L-~075

FroID: Zeke Rose

USOC-LICENSED ~UN CARE ?RODUCTS MAKE DEBUT

EACKENSACK, N.3., Sept. 3 -- Initial nationwide distribution oi a new

line of sun care p~oducts licensed by the U.S. Olyrnpic Cornmittee has
been launched by Allure Cosmetics, Ine. (OTC, NASDAQ: ALUR), i t was
announced today.

The Allure Tan+ produets, earrying the U.S. Olympie seal, aTe
fortifiec wi~h eo~lagen, 210e vera, ana vitamins A ana D. Inaiviaual
items inelude SUD care lation with SPF grades of 2, 4. S and 20, a
lip nreserver anc an atter tanning latian.

They are being ~ade available through drug chains and depar~men~
stores throughau~ the U.S.

3/7/í~l (Iten 2 fTOB file: 621)

0168802
PR Ne~.¡swi2:'e
DATELINZ: LOS ANG2~~S, CA Novemoe2:' 4, 1987 ··(~OR.:O COl;1~7: 29h

S?RITZ S?R:7Z S?RI~Z IS 722 RAG2 RAGE RAG2

LOS ANGELES, Nov. 4 /?RNewswire/ -- Spritzers {ano we aTen1t ~aikinq

wine) are the hottest eosrnetics in California todav. Actua.l..l y -~~ev f

are cool, retreshing treats tor hair ano skln that are be~ng scooped
off the shelves 6aily by consumers with ousv careers and active
lifestyies.

What aeeounts fOT their popularity in Californi~ (and their se~tinq a

new ~rena coast to coast)? Two reasons:

t7~
 OCLober 25, 1989 :2:03am ?age 8

-- Spritzers replenish ~he moisture that is ~os~ in perspiration

while jogging, walking, oiking, swimming (yes, Virqinia, eve~ i~
water), and during aerobics and dancing,

-- They are lubricating antidotes in dry ciinates, cansea by v..¡eat:heJ:'

conditions or overhea~ing -- culprits tnat roo hair of t~e nolsLure
thai prevRnts dry enas ana sca]ps anó that lets moisture evanoratp
from the skin.

"Spritzers are revitaiizing, beneficial and easy, says Larry 11

Freeman, noted beauLy authority and chief execuLive otficer oi

Freeman Cosmetic Carpo tlWith todayls advanced cosmetic chemi~t:r,,!,
explains '!!oreeman, "spritzers for hair and skin are quick, lignt
applications with humectants that help return moisture to hair ana
skin. 1I

Freeman's new non-aerosol Sea Mist Skin and Hair Re-Eydratante

contains sea kelD: aloe vera and collagen, the protein keratin founa
in Freemanls Papaya Sculpting Spritz coats ana retexturizes hair when
styling, and aias in protecting magnificant manes from the haraships
of less-than-friendly weather elements.

For 12 years a ~eaaer in the develoDment oi aavanced scien~ific

formulations with generous helpings of naturaj ingredients, Freeman
distributes 70 distinctive hair- ano SKln-care produc~s in more than
50,000 re~ajl outlets across the country.

Corpora~e neaa~ua~~2rs are locaLed at 7060 ~oilywOOQ niVG. Su50 te

202, Eollywood, Califa 90028, phone 213-466-9587.

NOTE: :nterview o~portunities avai~able.

COl~TACT :

3/7/12 (Item 3 fraE file: 621)

0134056
DATELINE: Memphis, TN AUgUSL 6, 1986

SCn:O:'D, =:NC.
3030 Jackson Avenue
Mempnis, Tennessee 38151

For further inform~tio~:

PRB/NEEDHAM PORT2R ~OV2L~~

Barbara Varro/David 3rimm
303 E. Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60601 (312) 356-8888

Mary Ann Mailman -- New Ycr~

NEEDHAM PORTER NOV2L~=
(212~ 308-9405

SCHOLL, I~-JC. I:;:--¡TRODüCES SEA SCE~iTS (TI'1) FOO':2 DliTi-:- C~\YSTALS

/'gO
 Oetooer 25, 1989 12:04am Page 9

Seholl, Ine. is i~troñur.ing a foot bath that is s~ecia~ly fOl"'mulated

to soíten as weil as SOO~h2 hot, tired, aehing fee"t.

Dr. Sehollls (R) Sea Scents (TM) Foot Bath Crystals are designen to
transform a foot soak into a iuxurious, pampering sensation. The
pro~uet, whieh eontains aloe vera ana ehamomile, soothes ana
moisturizes the skin on the feet that tends to beeome aryin cold
weather, or when it is exposed to the hot rays of the sun.

The foot bath erystals that combine therapeutie and eosmetie benefits
have a seablue hue and a fresh pine fragranee. For a relaxing ana
refreshing sensation, feet ean be soakea in a solution contai~ing 1
paeket or crystals stirred into 3 quarts of warm water.

Sea Seents is packaged in a vivid turquoise blue and white oox

eontaining 8 individual l-ounce paekets oí erystals.

The proQuet launcn will be supported witn advertising in ~r2Qe ane

consumer magaz~ne starting in Oe~ober, as well as eouponing ana
Valassis inserts.

Suggested retail priee is $2.59.

3/7/13 (~tem 4 from file: 621)

01:2273
DATELINE: Cnlcago, ~~ l-J ov e!'!liJ e r, 1985 WORD CCT.;2-J"1': 808

980 North IVlicnigan .~~~T2::1U8

Chicago, ¡~ 606~i-4590
312-961-7000, C¿O~2: 3~~CRAMCOS, Telex: 254472

CON7ACT: Gret~ 0eBofs~y!T~acy 7ewe:es

(312) 951-7026/!312~ 951-7183

For Immediate Re~ease

NEW FROM VITABA7H ?~US:

THE BODY CARE COL~ZCTION

Presenting the Body Care Collection from Vitabath Plus, an invaluab~e

group of pampering bath and skin care pro¿ucts. VITABATH ?LUS
CLEANSING BODY SC~Uil. VITABATH ?LUS MO¡STURIZING A?T2RBATH S?LASH and
VITABATH ?LUS COOLING BODY SILK join tne popular Vitaoath Plus Gelee,
Bath and Shower 3ars and Mojsturizing Body Lation to create a
comp~e~e sRin-scotning collection tor those who wan~ ~o give their
sk~n the a~te~tion it deseyves.

Vitabat~ Plus prcauc~s are formu~ateó wi~n oat~ 3?2Cial emol~ients ~o

~ampe~ dry skin, and ~uxurious cond~~~one~s ~ha~ helo ~o soo~he ana
ca~m ~ne epiaermis. And, all pro¿~c~s ar2 ~i~htly scen~ed witn ~he
~eautltul fragrance of jas~ine, ~ooas, and nosses.

tg/
 October 2 S, .:. 9c)9 í 2 : 04arJ.1 ?age la

~ne recommended five-s~ep Vitabath Plus body-care rituai is a delight

to follovol ... and revolareis are riel!.

CLEANSING

When cleansing, dry and weather-sensitive skin needs extra careo

Vitabath Plus Bath & Shower Gelee, a luxurious ooay c~eanser. was
developed to pamper skin with its emo12ient-rich formula. Spiríts,
too, rise to new neights as bathers nestle into a skin-nourishíng,
bubbly Vitabath Plus tub and inhale the full fragrant misto The
Vitamin F and wneal germ oil formula rewards skín as it helps soothe
and protect skin from drying. A 4.2-oz., 10.5-oz., 21-oz. and 32-oz.
bottle is available, retailing for $10 - $35.

Vitabath Batn and Shower Bars are wonderfully pampering. These 1 U:ZUl"y
eleansing oars are hard-milled and rien with emollients. t'ertect for
tnose bathers who "9refer the T1feel" of a bar in the hanó. A
wonderful way to in¿ulge in the Vitabath ?lus oeautv treatment
results -- and the loveiy sculpted floraj designo A thre~-nar cartnn
is available ror S10.

DEEP CLZA:NSING

Seve?'a.l. t ines a week, '::::reat tn.e skin to a qf_~n L ~l..e, C1.ef~n- e i(:élTlS .in~:r
ritual: Vitabath Plus Cleanslng Body Scruo. ~undreós ot ~l~y
granules combine wl~h speciai emollien~s jn ~n~s ricn tormu~a, ~o
The light formula heiDs to ~emove aeaó sKin

Massage witn ~his fragrant body scrub and tee~ ~~e s~~mu~~~~o~. 7~~
light formu";'.a w.i.J.l rinse of:E with ease. '-'·¡ni.J.(:~ a_ioe ve2:"'a éülCi a l_~~niqTl.e
collagen com? ~:_ex ;:"1.ei~) -:::n2 slzin to retain mucn-neea.ea mOl:3-cu!'e. 1. .
5-oz. tube is avai~able fo~ $10.

REFRESHlNG

Befare you slip into yeur robe refresh with Vitabath Plus
Moisturizing Afterba~h Splash. Splash on all over and enjoy tne
fragrant 11 .-l.tft" v.¡hi le a blend OY emo.l:í2nts natur'a~i. vi t2..mins anó
1

skin condi~ioners hel? to sootne the skin and encouraqe moisture-

retention. 7he 20-02. bottle is availaole tor an in~roduc~ory price
of $12.50, and will then retail fer SI7.50.

The ideal time tor mois~urizing the skin is aftn~ oa~~i~q. Vitabath
?lus Moisturizing dody Latian. a ric~. creamy sKinnourisner, 0e~?S to
protect the skin fTom harsh elemen~s, hard wa~erf 2nd dryness. A
pump dispenser provides trie elastinand coilaaen-en~icned ~o~mu12 wl~h
easp: W~J}e help~nq ~o encourage skin s~pp~~n8SS and olas~ic~t~.
~e~DS sKin reei so~~! Silloo~n ano gently SC2n~2a.
bott~e ~s dva~~~o:e tor SI:.

cozvt20RTING

The fjna~ s~ep in the V~ta~a~h ?lus ~oay care ri~uaj lS wonderfully
 Oetober 25, 1989 12:05am Page 11

comforting .... Vitabath Plus Cooling Body Silk combines the best
attritutes of lation and talco The ease ar a maisturizing latíon and
the pleasant feel OI a fragrant tale make Cooling Body Silk a fitting
finish to any toilette.

Vitabath Plus Cooling Body Silk feels delightfully caal as it is

smaathea an. drying quiekly ta a shimmery, silken finish. A fine
blerid of talc l emol~ients and Vitamin E helps sotten and smooth SKln,
protecting it trom aryness and ehafing. A totally luxurious
experience. A 4-02. bottle is available for S8.50.

Other Vltabath products include the regular Vitabath bath

and shower li~e: a gelee, bath ano shower bar, afterba~h spl~sh and
moisturizing oody lo~ion, available in Spring Green, Fresh PinK ann
Tangy Lemon, and a line of Vitabath 3athing Accessories, inclualng a
Vitabath ~oofa, Na~ural Mediterranean Sponge, Luxury Bath ?illaw, ano
the Vitabath Gelee Travel Assortme~t.

The new Vitaria~h ?ius ?roaucts will be available in Yarch ~986. In

additloD, co~n~Rr gif~ samples of all new produe~s w~li be offerea
witn the purchase ot Vitabath ?lus Gelee, Cooling Bo6y Si:~,
Moisturizing Af~erba~h Splash, or Cleansing Body Scr~b.

Vitabath Inc. is a SUOS2Glary of Chicago-baseó 3eecha~ Cosmetics Inc.

3eecham Gosmetics inc. is comprised of four operationai divisions:
Jovan, Yardley o~ London, 3eecham Internationai and Vitabath. and is
a wholly owned sUDsidiary oí Beecham Group, p.l.c .. a ~ritish
conglomerate wi~h wo~ldwide sales of approximately 53 billion
annually. Pcech~m Cosme~ics Ine. products are dis~ributed in 75
countries on s~x cantinents.

November 198b

3/5/14 (Item 1 froro fi~e: 47)

06230071 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE I~DEX
Skin moisturizers. (198B Buying Guide) (svaluation)
Gonsumer Reports v52 yI92(5) ~ec, 1987
SOURCE FILE: M¡ File 47
GODEN: CONRA
illustration; table
ARTICLE TYPE: evalua~ion
CAPTIONS: ~atinqs oi S~~~ moistu~izers.
?RODGCT NAME(S}: Sea 3reeze Aoistnre Lo~ion (Skin crearn)--evaluation;
Nivea MolsTuriz~~g ~o~~o~ fSkin crea~)--eval~2~~c~; ':"ou-::h Gara.e
Moisturizer ?lus ?aria f3kin cream)--evalualion; Lancome ?rogres
~exturizing Moistur2 ~otion tor the 30dy (Sk~~ cream)--~valua~lon;
v-Jondra rte~!u~a:c Sc;ent: :.-:~=~.=.=-~ ::(.¡-.~':'(j:l ¡S.i<:.in c:~'eau)--eva~uaTion; CVS S'gecial
Care Lo":: :Lon (S~in c~edml--~v~i~a~ion; CVS Cocoa 3ut-::~r ~and ¿n¿ 30~v
~ot~on ISkin cream,--~Va~1¡a1l0n; Sn~~ Sense with Skin ~otion Vitamin ~
(Skin cream)--eVa~ua~lcn; Avon Care Deeply witn A~oe (Sk~n cream)--
e'ila~t-lFxtion; Su_ave Skin :;:::07.:iOD A..~~(je Vera (Skin CrE~am) --e·va~lu<11.":l.On; 30nne
3e11 Moisture Lotlon wi~n Aloe Vera (Skin cream)--evalua~ion; ?ond's
Cream anó Coeoa 2utter (Skin c~eam)--evalua~~on; Avon 2ich Moisture
30dy Latían (Skin cream)--evaluation; ~erDai Natura~ Ca~e ~otion

15>3
 OCLaoer 25, 1989 12:06am Page 12

(Woolworth) (Skin crearn)--evaluation; Pathmark Cocaa 3utter Hand and

Body Lotian (Skin cream)--evaluation; Pathmark Extra Strength Special
Care Lation (Skin cream)--evaluation; Jergens Aloe and Lanalin Skin
Canditioning Latíon (Skin cream)--evaluatian; Lubriderm Lotion (Skin
cream)--evaluaLian; Vaseline Intensive Care (Skin creaml--evaluatian;
Raintree Hand and Bo~y Latian (Skin cream)--evaluatian; Truly Fine Skin
Care Latian (Safeway) {Skin cream)--evaluation; Johnson1s 3aby Latían
(Skin cream)--pvajua~ian; Estee Lauder Private Callection Silken 30dy
Lotian (Skin cream)--evaiuatían; Oil ar Olay (Skin cream)--evaluatian;
Elizabeth Arden Visible Difference with Fragrance (Skin cream)--
evaluation; Nína Ricci LlAir du Temps ?erfumed 3ady Latían (Skin cream)
--evaluation; Keri Lo~ion tor Dry Skin Care (Skin cream)--evaluaLion;
Vaseline Derma"taJ.ogy Formula Latían (S~~in cream l --eva,luatian; Curel
MaisLurlzing DOL~an (Skln cream)--evaiuaLian; Elizabeth Arden Baay
Basics 3ady Maisturizer (Skin cream)--evaluatian; Vaseline Herbal Alae
Intensive Care (Skin cream)--evaluaLion; Pond 1 s Cream and Callagen
(Skin cream)--evaluatian; Estee Lauóer Maximum Care 3ady Latian (Skin
cream)--eva~uatian; aevlan Aquamarine Saothing Al1-0ver Body Latian
(Skin cream¡--evaiuation; Revlan Eterna 27 3ady Moisturizer (Skin
cream)--evalua~ion; ~ergens Dry Skin Latían (Skin cream)--evalua~ian;
Estee Lauder White Linen Perfumed Bady Latían (Skin cream)--evaluatíon;
Sto Ives Swiss Farmula with Collagen and Elastin (Skin cream)--
evaluatian; Eiizaoetn Arden Visible Difference (Skin cream)--evaluaLian
Deep Maq~c Moisturizing Latian (Skin cream)--evaluatian; ~ean Nate
Very Silky Ma~sturlzing Baóy Latían (Skin c~eam)--eva~uat~an; Almay
3ypo-Allergenic Moisturizing Latian (Skin cream)--evaluation; Clarins
Caros Sayeux 30ay Beauty-Latian (Skin cream)--evaluation; Clin~que
Extremely Saothing 30dy Lotían (Skin cream )--eva~uatian; 21ancyl 3ady
Latían (Skin cream)--eva~uatian; La Prairie Celluiar 30tiy Latian (Skin
cream)--eva~lia~ion; Oscar de la Renta Body Latían Actives (Skin cream)
--evaluaticn; Mennen Baby Magic (Skin cream)--evaiuatian
~ESCRIP~ORS: ~eait~ and beauty aias--eva~uation; S~in--c2rc and t~eatment;
Cosme~ics--2va~u¿~~o~
 October 21, 1989 1:45pm Page 1

File 187:F-D-C REPORTS 1987-0CT 13.1989

Record - 1

00053037 F-D-C Accession Number 09103307

The Rose Sheet -- August 14, 1989
Volume lO, Issue 33

In Brief

Del Labs: Introducing Sally Hansen Nail Naturals -- thr~e productsto

enhance the appearance of natural-looking nails, " firm says. Bright
Nails removes nail stains with lemon extracts and natural pumice
cleansing grains, " firm says. Remove 'N Smooth polish remover pads contain
vitamin E and apricot kernel oil; individually wrapped pads sell in 8-packs
and are accompanied by double-sided nail buffers. 2-In-1 Nail White Pencil
has vitamin E and aloe vera gel in a water activated formula and features a
soft cuticle pusher. Pencil, polish remover and stain remover retail for
suggested prices of $1.50, $2.50 and $3, respectively . . . .

Sally Hansen: Rx For Great Nails' I compact of three nail treatment

products contains Cuticle Massage Cream with chamomile and ginseng, which
keeps cuticles in good shape, pliable and soft, " according to Del Labs.
Cuticle Soother helps heal irritated. red or torn cuticles" with aloe
and allantoin, firm says. Nail Moisturizer cream is enriched with vitamin E
and collagen. Compacts are available now for $3.95 suggested retail . . . .

West Cabot: Nail Sauna hot wax treatment for nails and cuticles is
designed to help repair damage caused from the use of harsh removers,
glue or sculpture gels, I I according to the company. The product seals in
moisture quickly, restoring nail's healthy looking luster, I I firm adds.
Shipping in September, a carton containing two applicatlons ls $4 suggested
retai 1 ....

Revlon: Ultima 11 Penultimate felt and brush tip pens feature three
differently designed tips. LidColor and LipColor dispense shades with a
long square brush; LineColor features an elongated felt tip; BrowColor uses
a slanted, blunt felt tipo Lips shades include Flinch, Wiggle and Plunge;
Jolt, Splash and Hop are three of eight eyeshadow colors. On-counter now,
line sells for suggested prices of $12.50 for lips and brows, S13.50 for
eyeliner and $15.50 for lids . . . .

Parfums Fendi: Unilever subsidiary rolling out Fendi Uomo men's scent to
900 doors in September following exclusive debut at Bloomingáale's. Firm
plans eventual distribution in 1,400 doors. The 8-SKU line is packaged in
faux granite'
I flasks with gold accents; aftershave SKU's are
palomino' I colored and eau de toilette bottles are dark gravo Suggested
retail prices range from $12 for soap and dish to $36 for a 3.3 oz. eau de
toilette spray. Citrus blended with juniper, sage and pepper create the top
note, which widens into cypress, patchouli and spices with leather notes.
The drydown combines amber, sandalwood, oakmoss and musk . . . .

Intelligent Skincare: Firm's first nail color, Perfectly True Nail

Lacquer, contains calcium and vitamins A and E to strengthen nails.

1qs-
 October 21, 1989 1:45pm Page 2

Formaldehyde-free formula is available in 18 shades plus base and top

coats. Top coat contains benzophenone to protect color from yellowing from
UV rays. Suggested retail price i s $6. Also. 1. S. is introducing Every Lash
Treatment Mascara with acrylic film to prevent smudging and flaking.
Conditioning formula in Garnet, Brunette, Onyx and Sapphire is $10.
Products due in stores in September . . . .

Avon: Meeting with investor Irwin Jacobs Aug. 10 consisted of a full

and complete discussion of Avon's recently anrrounced business plans,"
according to Avon. Jacobs, who in partnership with Amway owns a 10.3% stake
in Avon. accepted Avon's invitation to meet following the company's Aug. 3
rejection of Jacob's $41 per share offer. Avon Chairman and CEO James
Preston and Jacobs did not discuss the sale of the company, as agreed prior
to the meeting, Avon said. The firm's stock closed Aug. 11 at' 37-1/8 . . . .
Chese-Pond's: Unilever subsidiary receives 92% of outstanding Minnetonka
stock in $22.86 per share tender offer, firm announces Aug. 9. Minnetonka's
Calvin Klein Cosmetics Corp. will be merged promptly" with Chese-Pond's.
The $376 mil. acquisition included the concurrent $70.2 mil. sale of
Minnetonka's Fragrance Marketing Group to Tsumura International, also
compl eted Aug. 9 . . . .

Proposition 105: Chemical Specialty Manufacturers Association (CSMA) and

the California Chamber of Commerce file suit in the state Court of Appeal
Aug. 10 challenging the constitutionality of California's Prop 105, a voter
initiative enacted Nov. 8. CSMA and the Chamber of Commerce contend that
the initiative violates the single-subject rule of the California
Consti tutian. Prop 105. the Public' s Right to Know Act. " requires
disclosure regarding the proper disposal methods for undefined household
toxic products." which could include nail enamels and nail enamel
remover . . . .

Proposition 65: California Health and Welfare Undersecretary Tom

Warriner does not anticípate new warnings to be widespread for
cosmetics" under terms of regulatíons which went into effect Aug. 10.
Any non-food products such as cosmetics, the use of which would result in
significant cancer risks, would be removed from the shelves by other
regulatory agencies,' t Warriner added in a July 5 letter to Assemblyman
Ross Johnson . . . .

Coty: Promotes Dave Kruse to group marketing director for cosmetics and
several fragrance~; he will retain his current post as managing director
for Coty Canada. Barbara Phillips is named group director for women's
fragrances; she previously held the same post for Coty cosmetics. Firm also
announces appointment of Leonard Bassen to VP packaging development and
purchasing. Bassen replaces Herb Gray, who retired after 41 years . . . .

Christian Dior: David Tillman to newly-created position of VP Business

Planning. He is responsible for sales administration, reporting and
promotion as well as military sales, special events and merchandising.
Tillman was previously Elizabeth Arden director of U.S. marketing for
cosmeti cs . . . .

Bloomingdale's: James Held to senior VP and general merchandise manager

of cosmetics and fragrances for all Bloomingdale's stores. Held jOined the
company in 1983 and was most recently merchandise VP for several sportswear
divisions. He replaces Arline Friedman. who left to pursue other
 October 21, 1989 1:46pm Page 3

interests' , . . . .

Norda Inc.: Former Chairman Edward Benedict, 78, dies August 1. Benedict
spent bIS career at Norda; he was named chairman in 1971 until he retired
in 1980. Norda, a flavor and fragrance company, was acquired by Unilever in
1985 . . . .

Record - 2

00052402 F-D-C Accession Number 09102909

The Rose Sheet -- July 17, 1989
Volume 10, Issue 29

In Brief

Alberto-Culver: Professional products division adding shampoo in normal

and thickening formulas to Consort men's hair care linee Thickening formula
contains coJlagen, a protein that strengthens and protects fine/thín
hair," firm says. Promotions include a free shampoo packaged with the 13
oz. aerosol hairspray. Average retail price is $2.35; shampoos will begin
shipping in September. Print and TV ads breaking this month note that women
also can use Consort products.

Cosmair: Biotherm BioClimat 12 Hour Weatherproof Face Tint. provides

sheer, healthy-looking matte color that lasts all day long," firm says.
Formulated with micro-insulating pigments that feel almost like powder."
BioClimat moisturizes with oil-free hydrators' I and contains PABA-free
sunscreens. Biotherm notes. Avaiiable in four shades -- Pale, Nude. Tan and
Bronze BioClimat has a $20 suggested retail price for 1.3 oz. and will
be in stores in August . . . .

Revlon: Wild Berries" fall shade collection ties in with cranberry

fashions of the fall." Lip and nail colors are in two groups: Wild
Berries, a bluer berry" and Tender Berry. a delicate red berry.' I
Eyes are defined with Peacocks Eyeshadow Prisms, Soft Black Micropure
Precision Eyelining pen and Tropical Teal Super Lustrous Mascara. Products
will be on-counter in September.

Maybelline: Reintroducing cake mascara, which had been phased out

earlier this year. Mascara in Sable Brown and Velvet Black is packaged in
its original red box with gold logo. In stores in September. mascara sells
for the suggested retail price of $3.65 . . . .
Coty: Sheer'n Sweet Glossticks have a hint of clear color" and are
offered in eight flavors including Vanilla Icing, Spearmint Sugar and
Strawberry Cream. Very Cherry and Razzberry are introductory flavors only.
Each glosstick has a suggested retail price of $3.95 ..

Schering-Plough: Personal Care Group President Michael Pietrangelo

leaving to join Western Publishing Group as president and CEO. effective
July 17. Plough has not named a replacement for Pietrangelo, who has headed
the personal care division since October 1985. Western Publishing is the
parent company of Harris Drug . . . .

Parfums Stern: Hugh Winters appointed president of U.S. division

/g-¡
 Oetober 21, 1989 1:47pm Page 4

following June 30 departure of Miehael Stern. Winters, former head of

Parfums Stern Canada, will report to new Avon Retail Fragranee Division
President and CEO Miehael Gould, also president of Parfums Giorgio (The
Rose Sheet I , April 17, p. 2). Stern fragranees include Oscar de la Renta,
Uninhibited by Cher, Perry Ellis and Valentino . . . .

CTFA: VP Foundations/Communieations Bernadette Toomey leaving trade

association to become VP of the National Academy Foundation. Toomey helped
launch the Look Good ... Feel Better' I outreach program to assist
recovering caneer patients in improving their appearance. CTFA President
Edward Kavanaugh is assuming her duties until a replacement is found . . . .

Revlon: Appoints Marion Koprowski to VP sales for the RevJon Department

Store division. Koprowski, who joined the firm in 1978, was most recently
field sales manager for The Nines,' I Revlon's unified department store
bays. Firm also announces retirement of Senior Director of Public Relations
Margot Rogoff; no replacement has been named . . . .

Mary Kay/Organogenesis: Firms form agreement for Mary Kay to purehase

Organogenesis' Testskin living skin equivalent to test cosmetic and
ehemical compounds, according to a July 10 release. Organogenesis will
train Mary Kay employees to use the human tissue equivalent and Mary Kay
has agreed to share data it compiles on the system. Organogenesis has a
similar agreement with Estee Lauder and is negotiating with other firms . . . .

Minnetonka: Unilever subsidiary Chese-Pond's commences $22.86 a share

tender offer following July 2 merger agreement between the two companies.
The board-approved agreement is conditional upon the prior sale by
Minnetonka of its Fragrance Marketing Group to Tsumura International and a
majority of Minnetonka's 16.5 mil. outstanding eommon shares being
tendered. The offer expires Aug. 4 unless extended. Goldman, Sachs is
serving as dealer/manager . . . .

Proeter & Gamble: Proposes two-for-one stock split to inerease number of

common shares from 500 mil. to 1 bil. Shareholders, who will vote on split
at Oct. 10 annual meeting, wjll also consider plan tú increase number of
Class A preferred shares from 297.5 mil. to 600 mil. In addition, P&G will
inerease the quarterly dividend 12.5% to 90 cents a share . . . .

Carme: Receives preliminary indications of interest" from potential

buyers interested in acquiring the firm's 2.7 mil. outstanding shares of
common stock for $5 per share. totaling $13.5 mil., accordíng to July 11
statement. No formal proposaJs have been received and there is no
assurance that any transaction will occur," Carme said . . . .
Avon: Relocating Atlanta-baseci order entry operations in 1991 to an as
yet undetermined location. resulting in the elimination of approximately
150 positions, Avon announces July 10. The firm also plans to move its
regional sales office and distribution center to another location in the
Atlanta area in two years . . . .

Bahama Tanning Products tanning tablets: IL-based firm's Tropical Tan

All Natural Supplement product 1s subject of a May 22 regulatory letter
from FDA's Chicago District Office. Tablets are adulturated since the
strength of ingredients differs from. or its purity or quality falls
below, that which it purports," the letter states. Additionally, FDA says
the product is a new drug.' f Labeling states product helps protect all

/9S
 October 21, 1989 1:48pm Page 5

skin types from sunburning," and it reduces your chances of receiving a

sunburn." Product contains 1-tyrosine, aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and copper
in aloe vera, alfalfa and parsley base.

Record - 3

00051607 F-D-C Accession Number 09102349

The Rose Sheet -- June 5. 1989
Volume 10. Issue 23

WEEKLY TRADEMARK REVIEW

ISSUE DATE: Issued May 30, 1989

TRADEMARK NAME: Aloe Care & Design
SERIAL NUMBER: 726,061
NAME OF FIRM: American Horizons
FILING DATE: 5-2-88
CLASS NUMBERS: 51
DATE OF FIRST USE: Oct. 1987
COMMENT: No claim is made to the exclusive right to use aloe," apart
from the mark as shown. Por cosmetics; namely minera enriched liquid
containing aloe vera extract to assist in reducing lines and wrinkles
on skin.
CATEGORY OF ENTRY: marks published for opposition in one class

Record - 4

00050929 F-D-C Accession Number 09101911

The Rose Sheet -- May 8. 1989
Volume 10, Issue 19

In Brief

Colonia: Only by Julio Iglesias women's fragrance debuting in U.S. in

September. Half moon-shaped crystal bottle with black anó gold c~p is
packaged in a gold-trimmed metallic blue box. Suggested retail prices for
10-SKU line range from $16 for 3.3 oz. powóer to $100 for .5 oz. parfum.
Fragrance topnotes are ylang ylang, Egyptian marigoJd, bergamot and
pineapple with heart of rose, mimosa, jasmine. violet and tuberose. Scent
is rounded off by vetiver. sandalwood and balsam with vanilla, musk anó
Spanish labdanum. Worldwide licensor, Myrurgia, S.A .. predicts first year
worldwide retail sales of $100 mil . . . . .

Revlon: Air B1ush all-in-one blush pen' I delivers a metered mist ' I
of loose powder through a hollow cylinder and onto the brush via a
bellows pump, I I firm says. Container has a shut-off valve. I I Revlon
adds. Six shades, including Pink Cloud, Coral Winds and Wine Sigh, wil1 be
in department stores in July; suggested retail price is $7.95 each . . . .

Guerlain: Star Blusl1 líquid blush with soothing plant complex' I of

grape extracto witch hazel, horse chestnut and ivy on-counter now. B1ush
provides sun protection factor (SPF) 4 and comes in apricot, rose and
bronze shades; a 4 oz. size retails for $26 . . . .

/g¡
 October 21, 1989 1:48pm Page 6

Combe: Grecian Plus Grey Control Foam restores color gradually and
thickens thinning hair," firm says. TV ads, running now, promote the
Grecian Formula line extension as the no-mess way to get rid of grey
gradually." Foam is available in 5 OZ. cannister for an average retail
price of $4 . . . .

Unilever: Lever Brothers Chairman Morris Tabaksblat leaving current post

in ·September to become chairman of Foods Executive Committee. comprised of
Unilever board members. responsible for firm's worldwide food strategy.
Tabaksblat replaces Joop Houtzager, who died. Firm expects to announce
other management restructuring-next week . . . .

FDA: Rudy Apodaca, 59, first Division of Drug Labeling Compliance

director, retiring May 2. Apodaca, a 35-year FDA veteran, held the post for
15 years. Deputy Director Dick Chastonay is acting director until new
candidate is appointed . . . .

Noxell/Clarins: Firms jointly announce resolution of dispute over

Clarion and Clarins trademarks May 5. Settlement. effective May 1. allows
both companies continued use of their marks in a manner which provides
flexibility in their marketing, advertising and promotion of their
brands." firms sayo Terms of the agreement are not disclosed. Clarins
originally filed the challenge with the Patent and Trademark Office's
Trademark Trial and Appeal Board in Feb. 1986 . . . .

BeautiControl: Primary investors Jinger and Richard Heath sell 50,000

shares of common stock for a net $787,500 ($15.75 per share), according to
an April 26 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filing. Sale is for
personal financial gain," company says. In a May 2 release, firm
projects 20% growth in sales and earnings in FY 1989 (ending Nov. 30),
aided by two new skincare lines, video-based training program and record
recruitment of over 5,000 new consultants." Company also announces
three-for-two stock split and initiation of quarterly cash dividend of five
cents a share.

Eye Cream Aloe Vera Solution recall: Contamination with pseudomonas

Putida is reason for Class 11 (may cause temporary ill effect) recall of 45
1/4 oz. jars. distributed in Indiana, Oklahoma, New York and Texas. Ongoing
recall was initiated by manufacturer Lawton, OK-based Cosmetic Specialty
Labs by letter March 20 . . . .

Draize and LDsubscript 5subscript O legislation: California bi11 A

2461, which would make Draize and LDsubscript 5subscript O testing
felonies, passes through Assembly Public Safety Committee by 5-3 vote May
2. 8ill moves to Ways and Means where it is expected to pass since
legislation would have little effeet on the budget. The state's SB 60,
calling for on-package notation of animal-tested products, pass es Senate
Public Safety Committee May 3 in 6-0 vote; next hcaring will be in
Appropriations Committee before May 22. SS 60 left committee with amendment
to clarify the line of responsibi1ity for out-of-statc manufacturers . . . .

I11inois animal testing: State Rep. Margaret Parcell!s (R-Glenview) bill

1042 unanimously passes out of Judiciary Committee April 26. 8il1 ca11s for
prohibition of animal testing for cosmetics and household products, but
exempts bona fide'! medica1 testing. Bill wi11 receive second reading
befo re House, most likely next week,' r an aide predicted. Similar Senate
 October 21, 1989 1:49pm Page 7

legislation, S 1061, introduced by Richard Newhouse (D-Chicago) approved

out of Judiciary Committee April 25. Legislative session ends June 30 . . . .

FDA User Fees: ~ull Rouse passes House Budget Committee resolution May
4. The resolution excludes user fees a~d calls for an increase in agency's
bUdget for fiscal 1990. The committee reportedly had discussed a $50 mil.
inc~ease for FDA. Unlike Senate budget resolution, Rouse version does not
include a provision for FDA user fee revenues. Senate passes its version on
the same day. The resolutions will be reconciled in a joint buctget
conference . . . .

User fees legislation: Rep. Madigan (R-IL) plans to introduce a bill

next week for the Administration calling for collection o~ fees to cover
the full cost of processing applications for color additives, drugs,
medical devices, biologics and foods. Once introduced. legislation will be
referred to the Rouse Energy & Commerce/Health Subcommittee of which
Madigan is ranking minority member . . . .

Record - 5

00050788 F-D-C Accession Number 09101831

The Rose Sheet -- May 1, 1989
Volume 10, Issue 18

WEEKLY TRADEMARK REVIEW

ISSUE DATE: Issued April 25, 1989

TRADEMARK NAME: TJ1s & Design
SERIAL NUMBER: 726,063
NAME OF FIRM: American Horizons
FILING DATE: 5-2-88
CLASS NUMBERS: 51
DATE OF FIRST USE: Oct. 1987
COMMENT: For cosmetics; namely aloe vera based gel for use on skin as a
moisturizer.
CATEGORY OF ENTRY: marks pub1ished for opposition in one class

Record - 6

00049970 F-D-C Accession Number 09101308

The Rose Sheet -- March 27, 1989
Volume 10, Issue 13

In Brief

Estee Lauder: Prescriptives A Better Powder wjth sunscreen and

balancers' I works to help shield skin from environmental harm and
check oi1iness and dryness,' I firm says. Skin soothers he1p relieve
irritation and redness. l ' resulting in a smooth. protective. perfect
finish that stays fresh-looking longer, I 1 firm adds. Powder comes in five
neutral shades. Available in April, compacts are $22.50 each . . . .

Orlane: Teint Soleil/Giant Bronzing Powder Compact is a limited edition

entry slated to be in stores in April. Available in two shades -- Solei.1

/1/
 October 21. 1989 1:50pm Page 8

Clair and Soleil Cuivre -- the 1.2 oz. compact has a suggested retall price
of $23.50 . . . .

Detoxinating Program": Orlane introducing six cleansers and toners

containing a complex of biomeduline, TRF biodynes natural yeast derivatives
and gingko biloba extracto Complex encourages the elimination of toxins"
so skin regains freshness, firmness and fine texture." company says.
Cleansers are Gentle Cleansing Milk, Purifying Gel Cleanser and Wash-Off
Cleansing Cream. Revitalizing Toning Lotion, Soothing Lotion and Purifying
Lotion are toners. Dn-counter in April, cleansers retail for $24; toners
are $25 ...

Gruene: Self Tanning Complex Sun Protection Factor (SPF) 6, accelerates

the tanning process safely and effectively, with or without the sun."
firm says. Ingredients include tyrosin, dihydroxyacetone, UVA/UVB sun
filters, glycerin and sorbitol. Gruene Year Round Sun Shield SPF 20 with
aloe vera. sesame oil and safflower oil protects face, body and scalp from
UVA/UV8 damage. helping prevent the formation of sun caused wrinkles."
Gruene notes. In stores in April, PABA- and alcohol-free products are $12
and S10, respectively, for 4 oz. tubes . . . .

Cosmair: Lancome Body Beauty Treatments include Exfoliant Doux Gentle

Bodyskin Polisher (6.8 oz. for $15). Sculpturale Fluide Amincissant Body
Sculpting Complex (6.7 oz. for $35) and Le Body Loofah Body Polishing Cloth
with natural cactus fibers ($12.50). Body Beauty regimen works to make skin
firmer. smoother, more supple," firm says. Products ship April 1 . . . .

Germaine Monteil: Debuts Decongestant Cleansers for oily, dry and normal
to combination skin. Patent pending gel formula cleans with MPG and
includes rnoisturizer. On-counter May 1, cIear plastic jars with gold tops
sell for $15.50 suggested retail price. Samples and free skin consultations
will be provided in April at Monteil counters . . . .

Respirar Osubscript 2: Revlon extends line with Cream Cleanser and

Intensive Cream Moisturizer, both with special vitamin complex and Respirar
Osubscript 2 complexo Pale aqua cleanser whipped cream formula retails
for a suggested $16.50. Whipped Moisturizer has sun protection factor (SPF)
2 and reduces the appearance of depth of dry lines and wrinkles on
surface skin, l ' firm says; retail price is $18. Cleanser and Moisturizer
on-counter in April . . . .

Biatherm: Summer Legs' three-product line debuting in April includes New

Serum Contour with gingko hiloba plant extract to work on cellulite-prone
skin"; suggested retail prices for 4.2 oz. and 6.8 02. sizes are $32.50
and $45, respectively. Gel Exfoliant in 4.4 02. size is $18.50. Hale Sans
Soleil self-tanning lotian is $15.50 for 4.2 oZ . . .

Revlon: Alexandra de Markoff Secret Cover concealer now available.

Powdery cream-based, water-proof formula comes in matched skin tones in a
rBctangular compact with three applicators: spon~e. brush and sDonge-~lD.
Concealer i8 crease-proof and helps moisturize, but is not oily, firm says.
Suggested price is $27 . . . .

Alexandra de Markoff: Introducing Countess Isserlyn Premier Protection

MakeuD with SPF 15 in late April. Available in 15 shades. makeup comes in
two sheer textured formulas for normal to dry and combination skin types
 October 21, 1989 1:51pm Page 9

which are water-resistant ... non-irritating and non-pore clogging," firm

says. Pump bottle in 1 oz. size retails for suggested $45 . . . .

Princess Marcella Borghese: Adding Milano 2000 Makeup to lineo Fifteen

shades of foundation, micro-milled" for sheer coverage. were created to
accompany FaceColour Wardrobe color selection system. Foundations are
packaged in copy a of Borghese perfume bottle with built-in applicator.
Debriting in April, 1 oz. bottle sells for suggested $45 . . . .

Revlon: Summer products include Light Cologne Spray versions of Charlie

and Jontue, retailing for $7.50 for 6 oz. and 7.25 oz. sizes, respectively;
Forever Krystle (6 oZ., $9.95) and Enjoli (8 oZ., $5.50). The all-over,
softer" versions will be offered for a limited time starting in June . . . .

Tatiana: Redesigned packaging of Diane von Furstenberg's Tatiana

fragrance reflects scent's elegance, intrigue and delicate femininity,"
Revlon says. Pale pink metalized" cap tops clear crystal-like" bottle
with sleek, black" logo type, housed in an onyx" carton with an
impressionistic" design and silver accents. Repackaged scent will be in
stores in May . . . .

Revlon: Sponsoring Acaderny Awards March 29 with three new TV ads using
firm's the mos~ unforgettable women in the world wear Revlon" theme.
Celebrities Lauren Bacall, Joe Montana, Mariel Hemingway, Bernadette Peters
and others present their ideas on what makes a woman unforgettable.

Max Factor: Sun Smart liqUid makeup, blush and eyeshadow in tubes with
SPF 6 returning for Spring/Summer 1989. Products are greaseless. waterproof
and sweatproof and wash off with soap and water, Factor says. Makeup comes
in three shades for $5.95 suggested retail. Blush in Peach and Pink tones
is $4.95, and Sheer Eyeshadow in Blue, Teal. Violet or Brown is $3.95. Sun
Smart hits counters in April . . . .

L.A. Nai1s: French-sty1e manicure kit from Max Factor, reaching stores
in May, contains softer white and slightly opaque pastel l ' shades to
give more natural nai1 look," firm says. Kit includes two Diamond Hard
Formula Nail Enamels White Sand for tips and choice of Pacific Pink,
Venice Peach. Malibu Mauve or Bel Air Beige. L.A. Nails will retail for a
suggested $4.95.

Chese-Pond's: Cutex relaunch. slated to begin in May, includes extending

year-old Strong Nail nail enarnel with 10 new shades for a total of 42;
debut of Shine On Lasting Color Nail enamel (The Rose Sheet f ' Oct. 31, p.
10) with 49 shade selections; additional treatment products such as Hand &
Nail Lotion: and new Clean Scent Polish Remover with no tell-tale acetone
smell." The $8 mil. ad campaign will be supplemented with a $5.6 mil.
promotional effort . . . .

Gillette: Lustrasilk Exec VP Robert WJlliams promoted to VP Gillette

Nor~h Atlantic and corporate director. urban affairs. In his new post,
Wjlliams will lead the firm's equal opportllnity and affirmative action
efforts as well as head special market developrnent program to promote
Gillette products in ethnic markets. He joined the company in 1968 as a
financial analyst . . . .

Cosmair: Designer Fragrance Division names Merryl Lambert marketing

/13
 October 21, 1989 1:52pm Page 10

director for the Paloma Picasso linee Lambert was previously with Gene Fahy
ad agency as creative director and account executive . . . .

Research Testing Labs: Alan Anderson to VP/marketing and corporate

development from prior post as sales manager and marketing director. Firm
also appoints Irwin Kantor. MD, as director of clinical dermatology; Kantor
was clinical professor of dermatology at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine and
has been a consultant to Research Testing Labs for over 30 years . . . .

Helene Curtis: Professional Division appoints William Baldwin to

marketing manager and Anne Gray to associate marketing manager. Mark
Arch1bald joins division as special accounts manager . . . .

Giorgio v. Fred Hayman Beverly Hjlls: Fred Hayman's two-page print ad

portraying a crumpled Giorg1o shopping bag next to a new Fred Hayman bag,
headlined After 27 years, we've changed from stripes to solids,' I is
confusing and misleading, l' Los Angeles District Court Judge Robert
Takasugi rules March 16. The ad connotes that Giorgio has become Fred
Hayman Beverly Hills and it gives the impression that Giorgio no longer
exists." the judge said. Revised ads in April magazines will read: Fred
Hayman has sold Giorgio and changed from stripes to solids"

Shaklee/Yamanouchi: Tender offer for acquisition of Shaklee by

Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical for $392 mil., or $28 per share, begins March 20
and will expire April 14, companies jointly announce. An investor group of
Shaklee senior management including President and CEO David Chamberlain
will be equity participants in the purchase. Firms formed merger agreement
March 13 (The Rose Sheet l ' March 20, p. 6) . . . .

Sto Ives: Pirm is not a party to any discussions or negotiations with

any potential suitors. l ' company announces March 21 in response to Wall
Street rumors. Potentjal suitor Nexxus Products VP Stephen Redding informed
Sto Ives March 13 that he has reduced his stake in firm to 4.9%. Redding
previously owned 372.000 shares, or 5.3% of Sto Ives stock (The Rose
Sheet" Dec. 19. In Brief) . . . .

Vermont ad tax: HB 378 approved by House Health & Welfare Committee is

scheduled to be heard by House Ways & Means Committee in the next three
weeks. Bill would impose a business-to-business tax on services including
advertising. In Connecticut. Bill 7403 taxing business-to-business services
exempting media time and placement. passed out of Joint Finance, Revenue
and Bonding Committee last week. B111's next mave will be full floar
action. Ad tax bi11 389 is inactive . . . .

Carbon Black: Updated literature search on ingredient provided by CTFA

at FDA's request. CTPA. which petitioned FDA far general cosmetic use of
the ingredient includlng eye-area use. believes request indicates the
last leg ' I of the review process, a spokesperson said. FDA has 180 days
to review informat1on before reaching a decision . . . .

American Society oí" Perfumers: üleg Cassini will be luncheon speaker for
35th Annual Symposium April 12 at Waldorf-Astoria in New York City. Themed
Bac:k to thc Future -- Ahead to the Past," symposium also includes former
Minnetonka Fragrance Marketing Group President Michael Steidle, Dial's
Djrector of Perfumery Albert Adamson and Paine Webbcr Managing Director
Hercules Segalas. For more information contact Esther Morera at (201)

/9'1
 October 21. 1989 1:53pm Page 11

867-9080 . . . .

Record - 7

00049350 F-D-C Accession Number 09101013

The Rose Sheet -- March 6, 1989
Volume 10, lssue 10

In Brief

Clarins: Multi-Reparateur Restructurant Skin Beauty Repair concentrate is

Clarins' solution to temperamental skin," firm says. Clinical studies
show that after 5 weeks of use, 82% of the subjects revealed ~educed skin
redness," test subjects . . . have a 23.4% improvement in skin firmness,"
and there is a 40% increase in skin hydration," Clarins reports. Skin
treatment contains glycyrrhetinic acid phytosome, a licorice derivative
that desensitizes" skin; soothing and calming' I soya and avocado; and
vitamin A, which helps maintain youthful radiance,' I firm notes. A .5 fl.
OZ. drop-dispenscr bottle is $30 suggested retail. Skin Beauty Repair is
being promoted via advertorials" in March issues of magazines such as
Vogue, Elle and Harper's Bazaar . . . .

Revlon: Visage Beaute Plus Moisture Cream, a water-soluable oil and

moisture treatment" for all skin types, will be in stores in May, firm
says. Ingredients include liposomes, alpine springwater, sweet almond oil,
sesame seed oil. calendula and aloe vera. Suggested retail price is $38.50
for 16 mI ..

Parfums lnternational: Elizabeth Taylor's Passion for Men is name

selected for new men's fragrance fram Chese-Pond's Prince Matchabeili
prestige fragrance unit. Fragrance will launch at approximately 900 doors
in August· backed with TV, print and radIo advertising. Ellzabeth Taylor's
Passion for Women generated retail volume of around $60 mil. in its first
year. The women's scent debuted at 700 doors in August 1987 with a $10 mil.
introductory budget and is now carried in about 1,500 doors . . . .

Naomi Sims: Introducing Spring Renewal Colors" collection of Naoml

Sims Color Enhancer cosmetics in department stores in April. Collection
accents the Navajo lifestyle" and the southwest; the earthtones of
folkloric lndian fabrics and natural woods beautifully complement Brown and
Black skin tones. l ' firm says. New shades include Aztec Treasure and Pretty
in Pink Cheek Enhancer Blushers, and Desert Bloom and Spiced Orange Lip
Enhancers . . . .

MaybeJline: Blooming Colors Eye Shadow Grand Tour Colours' I summer

collection fea~ures individual compacts embossed with a symbol of the
region i t ' s named for" and packaged on picture postcards. Shade selection
includes Pagoda Plum, Venetian Wine and Outback Brown. ·On-counter in April,
shadows are priced at $1.85 suggested retail . . . .

Coupe de Pink": Maybelline's spring/summer color collectian ~s a

Miami-inspired palette" of eight Long Wearing nail enamel and four
matching lipstick colors. Matching lip and nail shades include Miami Melon.
Strawberry Daiquiri and PaIm Pink. Nail enamel also comes in Thundcrbird
Pink. Breezy Rose. Oceanfront Pink and Miami Deco. Collection will be

le¡ :>
 Oetober 21, 1989 1:53pm Page 12

available from late April through JUly.

Adrien Arpel: Invisible Skin Netting proteetive SKln scaffold'"
helps moisturize and shore up facial slackness/ sagging," firm says. It
ean be worn under. over, 01' without makeup. Available now, produet has
firmogen" tightening agents criss-crossing moisturizer. A compact sells
for $35.

A·vo n : Loui s Con s i g 1 i o, t h i l' t Y - t h l' e e ye a r Av o n ve ter a n, n a me d executive

assistant to Avon Chairman James Preston. Consiglio was VP in direct
selling division, responsible for Avon-Japan. Former Marketing
Communications VP Gail Blanke named VP corporate communications, reporting
to Senior VP Corporate Cornmunications John COX. Blanke has been with firm
for 17 years. Both are newly created positions . . . .

Faberge, USA: Cynthia Plaisted named director of communications,

reporting directly to company President Gary Ma110eh. She is rep1aeing
Suzanne Biallot, who has left the firm to become beauty editor of Elle
magaz i ne . . . .

Tambrands: Returning President ana CEO Russell Sprague tells analysts at

March 2 meeting, tne board of directors ... believes it is in the best
interests of the shareholders for the company to remain independent." He
noted sorne restructuring may be appropriate " but he has reached no
firm conclusion about steps to take." Firm is planning to review Latin
American and o~ner operations. Sprague also announced new test market
products: a smaller version of Tampax tampons, Tampax Compak; and a women's
deodorant producto Sprague 1eft retirement in February to replace exiting
President Edwin Shutt (The Rose Sheet" Feb. 13, p. 4) . . . .

Connecticut ad tax: Bil1 889 eliminatlng advertising exemption from

state sales tax introduced Feb. 24 befare state Joint Finance, Revenue and
Bonding Committee. Comrnittee Co-Chairman Sen. DiBella (D) is bi11's primary
mover. Blll extends 7.5% state sales tax to local, regional and national
advertislng through the use of any medium. including but not limited to
the use of space for printed or graphic material of any kind or the use of
time in any broadcast or television transmission.! f beginning April 1. A
hearing is scheduled 1'01' March 7 . . . .

Japanese patents: Japanese pateot office should eliminate seven-year

delays before examining patent applications. SmithKline Beckman
VP-Corporate Patent & Tradernarks Alan Lourie said at a Feb. 28 Senate
Cornmerce/Foreign Commerce Subcommittee hearing on the Japanese patent
system. He also argued the Japanese should allow initial submission of
patent applications in a foreign language. Lourie is U.S. group chairman on
the U.S.-Japan Business Council's Jaint Patent Task Force. Subcommittee
Chairman Rockefeller (D-WV) indicated the Senate may cornmission a study of
whether the Japanese use their system to obtain a competitive advantage . . . .

Bonita Magic lipstick recall: Product contains unapproved dyes -- D&C

Red 19 and/or D&C Red 8 -- is reason for CLass II (may cause temporary il1
effect) recall of 36.000 tubes, distributcd by South El Monte. CA-based
Carneo Trading Ca. The lipsticks. manufacturect by Lo Mei Chemical Factory in
Chang Hwa, Taiwan, were sold in thc U.S. in Georgia. llljnois. Indiana.
Michigan. Missouri. New Jersey. New York. Texas anó Puerto Rico. Ongoing
r e e a 1 1 i n i tia t e d b V el i s tri b u Lar N o v. 2 1 b Y 1 e t ter, a. e c o r d i n g t o ~1 a r e h 1 F DA
Enforcement Report.
 October 21. 1989 1:54pm Pag-e 13

Shaklee: Irwin Jacobs-led group purchases additional 294.400 common

stock shares for a total of approximately $10.4 mil. As of Feb. 27, group
controlled 14.98% or 1,972.900 of Shaklee stock. according to Feb. 28 SEC
filing. Firm's fourth quarter profits rose 59% to $14 mil .. increasing 1988
income by 16% to $27 mil. Fourth quarter volume reaehed $196 mil., up 8%.
Year.-end revenue rose 10?6 to $627 mil . . . . .

Society of Cosmetic Chemists: Mid-Atlantie chapter sponsors Eila

Kairjnen, senior research associate at Gillette Research Institute, in talk
on Morphology of Beard Hair" in Columbia, MD March 14. Xienta's Harry
Elden. PhD discusses Analytical Sounds of Shaving and Raking. " For more
information eontact Cathy Johnston (301) 785-4712 . . . .

Record - 8

00048363 F-D-C Accession Number 09100412

The Rose Sheet -- January 23, 1989
Volume 10. Issue 4

In Brief

Avon: Seheduling Mareh launeh to east and west coast sales reps of Beauty
Vis ion computerized optieal sensor. New ¿olor analysis computer system is
expeeted to be natjonal by year-end. Beauty Visjon was developed in
eonjunction with the Avon Color color category makeup system and began
testing in the Springdale region (ahio, Michigan. Indiana, Kentucky and
parts of Pennsylvania) last August (Tile r~ose Sheet, l ' June 20, p. 1) . . . .

Capri Moisturizing Bath Beads: Joining Northern Labs' Capri Bubbling

Bath Oil 1ine in value-price adult bath additives segmento Product 1s
available in Aloe Vera. Baby Smooth, Vitamin E and Moisture Rích formulas
in 15 oz. sizes and retails for an average $1.89, according to firmo
Moisture-proof" pIastic packaging gives a guaranteed fresh l ' use every
time, firrn says. To kiek off produet launeh. Jan. 15 free-standing-insert
with 20cents coupon elairns Capri out-foams other leadjng bath beads in
controlled tests." Tests compare Capri with CaIgon and Vaseline Intensive
Care . . . .

Clarins: Minty" non-oily Multi-Tenseur Buste geJ is antj-slackening

treatrnent that tones the skin of the natural bra." or the area from f

breasts to chin, firm says. Prodtict is to be applied daily at the first

signs of sagging. r f Firrn's Iatest bust care treatment retails for a
suggested 538.50. A natural carel campaign launehes with produet debut
I

in May ..

Skin Beauty Repair: Redueed skin rerincss in 82% of subjects aftcr five
weeks use. improved skin firmness in 23.4% and increased skln hvdration in
40%, CJarjns says. New produet for temporarily sensitized skin" 1s a
veritable skin emergency kit,' f t with 90% plant ex~rae~s to instantly
e a 1 m s k in. " f i rm s a V s. f..'J a r eh de bu t w i 1 j b e s u p por t e d w j t h P r i n t a d s a n ti
advertorials ' I on sensltive skin. Suggestea retail prlce for .5 02. Skin
Beauty Repair i s S30 . . . .

/77
 October 21. 1989 1:55pm Page 14

Estee Lauder: Perfect Lipstick, the first-ever skincare formula

lipstick,' I increases lip moisturization 27% after two weeks ... and 57%
after four weeks," Lauder claims. Also in tests after four weeks ... there
was a 75% increase of color retention." Lipstick with Hydramoist Complex
lands on-counter in late February in 16 shades and one clear conditioner.
Perfect Lipstick will retail for a suggested $15. Colors are fragrance-free
with sun protection factor (SPF) 4 . . . .

Yves Saint Laurent Beaute: Rouge Intense lip color bows in March. Matte
lipstick, part of Calypso" spring and summer collection, blends
refined powder derived trom natural silk to create the sophisticated
matte finish and the emollient characteristics . . . . " Seven shades include
Pink Passion, Orange Poppy and Red Velvet. Packaged in a g~ld-tone case,
Rouge Intense will retail for a suggested $17.50 . . . .
Calypso": Yves Saint Laurent Beaute color collection's focus is on
voluptuous colour at the eyes and mouth with alabaster tones on face and
cheeks," firm savs. Eyeshadow powder duo comes in Emerald/Diamond and
Sapphire/Rooaz combinations and Liquid Creme Foundation is Light Beige ..

Orlane: Meridienne" spring/surnrner color collection palette ranges

from subtle aCQuatlc tones to vibrant oranges ... softer oranRe tones ... to
the warrnth of the earth and glowing tans," Orlane, Paris says. Collection,
scheduled to be on-counter in March. includes Paille/Sable 8run and Cristal
Rose/Amethyste Mer/Marine eyeshadow colors, blush in shadcs of Farnjente,
Liberte and Volupte and matching IIp and nail colors in Meridienne, a
pearled fiery orange," Minuit, a pearled deep rose coral," and Midi,
a pearled warm coral"

Clinique: Three waterproof sun care products join eight exis~lng

reformulated sun ca re products in February to provide state-of-the-art
protection." firm says. Gil-Free Sun Block wjth sun protection factor
(SPF), 15, Gil-Free Sun Screen SPF 6 and Total Cover Sun Block SPF 30 each
contains benzophenone-3 and protects against UVA and UVB rays. Sun Block
SPF 30 also contains PABA. Net prices range froID $6.30 to $7.50 for new
products and $3.90 to $7.50 for reformulated and existing products . . . .

Lidstick: CliniQue waterp~oof eye crayon and waterp~oof PABA-free

Sunnerls Lip Stick SPF (sun protection factor) 8 slated for March debut.
Lipstick will se11 in six colors, including Silver Slate. Jet Blue and
Blush Quartz. Sunner's lip stick has semi-matte texture," fjrm says.
Lidstick is retail priced at a suggested $6.30; Lipstlck is S7.50 . . . .

Zinal: Men & Sports After Shave/Cooling Gel began shipping this month.
?roduct is first of a proposed line by Zinal and first mass-marketed after
shave gel, ZinaJ says. It is designed ... to offer instant relief for razor
burn and irritation. and as a skin toner and rehydrator after athletic
workouts." according to the New York City-based company. Formula contains
allantoin and witch hazel. Three oz. tube retails for a su~gested S5.95.
Joint promo scheduled later in year wjth a national menls fjtn(!ss magazine.
Zinal was formed in 1988 oy owner and CEO Liar Llvay . . . .

Christian Dlor Perfumes: U.S. retail sales tota~ed over S100 mil. l ' in
1988, and have more than trioled ... during the last three years."
accordlng to firmo Start of acceleratcd volume gains coincides with 1986
C.S. introduction of the Poisan women's frag~ance. Dior followed the next
year with Capture liposome skin treatment. 1989 wjJl see dehut of
 October 21, 1989 1:56pm Page 15

Fahrenheit men's scent in limited number of upscale U.S. doors . . . .

Calvin Klein Cosmetics: Appoints Joseph Sardella to newly-created post

of chief financial officer and senior VP. He was most recently VP/finance
and chief financial officer at Clairol, and prior to that was at Johnson &
Johnson . . .

Alfin: David Alfin promoted to senior VP of sales development and

strategic planning. Working directly with new President Stanley Kohlenberg,
Alfin will plan long-range strategies for new products and sales
development for existing lines, according to firm . . . .

Cosmair: Larry Wojcik to Designer Fragrance Division assistant VP of

finance, with financial responsibilities for all branas . . . .
Prescriptives: Jane Hertzmark to executive director of marketing from
director. She joined firm in 1986 . . . .

Bristol-Myers: Vice Chairman Bruce Gelb appointed by President Bush to

head the U.S. Information Agency, a slot that in recent years has been
given to personal friends of the incoming President. Gelb attended prep
school Wl~n Bush at Andover and, like Bush. is a Vale graduate. He was a
major fundraiser for the Bush election campaign . . . .

HHS Secretary-designate Louis Sullivan: Senate confirmation hearing set

for Feb. 1 befare Sen. Bentsen's (D-TX) Finance Committee, which must issue
a recommendation to the full Senate. Sen. Kennedy's (O-MA) Labor & Human
Resources Committee. which does not technically have jurisdiction over
HeaIth and Human Services appointments, is expected to hold its
courtesy" confirma~ion hearing shortly thereafter.

FOA: Agency reconsloering its policy prohibitinR simultaneous Rx and OTC

marketing of the same product for different indications in response to a
petition submitted by Washington, D.C. lawyer Peter Barton Hurt (Covington
& Burling). The June petition, submitted on behalf of an undisclosed
company, asserts that FDA does not have the statutory authority to maintain
the policy. FDA is currently evaluating the petition ana does not expect to
respond for several months . . . .

Voluntary reporting program: CTFA schedulea to meet with Rep. ~'lyd e n

(O-OR) and Small Business/Regulation Subcornmittee staffers Jan. 30 to
discuss association efforts to date to improve industry participation rates
in voluntarv reporting programo Also slated for agenda are CTFA proposal
for professional products ingredient labeling submitted to Wyelen Dec. 9
(The Rose Sheet¡ r Oec. 19, p. 1) and salon worker educa~ion program
plans. according tu stHffer . . . .

Stearic Hydrazide: Une of five ingredients tor which Cosmelic Ingredient

Review issues insufficieur data notices. CIR seeking six types of data for
St e a r i e H y el r a z i de, i n G J u ci i n g h. o \fJ mu c h o f t h e i mp \l r i t Y H Y d r a z j n e i s
present?" Expert Panel also asking for data on Arachidyl ?ropionate.
p-Methylaminophenol Sulfate, PyrogalloJ anel Phloroglucinol. Deadline tor
submission is April 13. For information, contact C!R Director. 1110 Vermont
A ve., ~. W . , S u i t e 8 1 O, ~'J él. s hin g ton, D. C. 2 OOO5: (2 O2) 3 ;3 1 - O 6 5 1 . . . .

Mid-Atlantic SCC: Report on the American Academy of Oermatology

Comedogenicity Consensus Workshop' r slated for Jan. 31 Society of Cosmetic

/~cr
 October 21, 1989 1:57pm Page 16

Chemists chapter meeting. Noxell Director of Toxicology and Research

Services Ed Jackson. PhO. will discuss 1988 workshop, which reviewed status
of comedogenicity testing and suggested guidelines for future testing.
Meeting starts 6 p.m. at Sheraton Towson Conference Hotel. Cost 1s $23. For
reservations, contact Noxell's Cathy Johnston at (301) 785-4712 . . . .

Record - 9

00047095 F-D-C Accession Number 09094509

The Rose Sheet -- November 7, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 45

In Brief

Muhammad Ali: Ali men's cologne being market tested in the Midwest
beginning this month. November issues of Ebony and Esquire magazines
contain ads featuring Alí in eveningwear. and include direct mail
scented-strip inserts. The fragrance is being marketed by New York
City-based Crystal Fragrances and is the first to be endorsed by the former
heavyweight champion, according to firmo The IFF-supplied scent combines a
warm, spicy blend ... with woody overtones and a hint of musk," firm says.
A 3.7 oz. Cologne is retail priced at a sURgested $35; the 3.7 oz. After
Shave is $25. Packaging has gold abstract double A" logo on a clear
bottle with a black and fuchsia box ....

Revlon: Shadow Card multi-pan eyeshadow kit, debuting in February, is

sleekest. slimmest oi mirrored compacts' ( with densely concen~rated' (
powder formulas, firm says. Eight palettes of four colors eaeh inelude the
Moderns. Primaries. Dunes and Tropics. Shadow Cards have a suggested priee
at retail of $5.50 . . . .

New Comolexion: Makeup 11ne being extendea with Loose Powder in January.
Available in three neutral shades, powder has a micro-fine formula (( ana
ingredients which provide unprecedented lubricity, smoothness, and a
def ini te I unpowaery I look,' ( Revlon says. The micro-pure ¡ f powger ls
fragrance-free. dermatologist tes~ed and contains a sunscreen. Powder jar
contains a sifter mechanism for measureti dose applieation using a natural
hair brush. Powder has suggested retail priee of $7.50 . . . .

Fashion Teeh Pencils: Collection of high impact, nlgh chromacolor"

pencils from Revlon includes Waterproof Eve Shaper eyeliner in eight
shades. Waterproof Creme Eyemarker eyeshadow stiek in eight colors, Powder
Pencil for Lids & Brows in 10 matte fjnish tones anó Waterproof Lip Shaper
lip definer ln six shades. Pencils are packaged in matte black with
identifying color bando On-countcr in January. eaeh is priced at a
suggested $3.95 retail. A Perfect Point Sharpener is $1.95 . . . .

Quintessence: Looking for new buyer for Vitabath line of body care
produets following termination of agreement in principIe with
Alberto-Culver to acqujre the brand. Alberto had signea u letter of lntent
to purchase Vitabath for an undisclosed amount in early October (The Rose
Sheet" Oct. 10, p. 5) . . . .

Avon: Agrees to discontinue BioAdvance print ads with elaims that

Zoo
 Oetober 21, 1989 1:58pm Page 17

product contains retinol and prevents wrinkles, following request by FDA in

Oct. 25 letter to firmo Letter also informed Avon that its product labeling
is nON in compliance" with agency's definition of acceptable cosmetics
claims. Avon produets previously eited for labeling claims inelude
BioAdvance, Collagen Booster, Nig~t Support and Momentum . . . .

~evlon: Forming Department Store Division to house Charles of the Ritz

and Germaine Monteil operations, folJowing departure of Ritz VP and General
Manager Karol Kempster, who 1eft to pursue other career interests."
Kempster joined Revlon in May from Henri Bendel, where she was beauty
director. New division is headed by Robert Cankes. also president of The
Nines" division. Cynthia Sheerer and Jacquelyn Hadley, formerly VP sales
and VP marketing, respeetively, for Monteil, will now assume ~he same posts
within the Department Store Division. Former VP Special Products Nancy
Bradshaw named VP sales for The Nines . . . .

Fragrance Foundation: Compar's Fernando Aleu to president of foundation.

suceeeding Chanel's Kitty D'Alessio. Aleu previously served as oresident
from 1978-1984. Chanel VP R&D Jaek Mausner sueceeds Aleu as board president
of the Fragranee Researeh Fund.

Sense 01' Smell Awards r r : Saks Fifth Avenue Senior VP. General
Merchandise Manager Margaret Hayes and Vale University Sehool of Medicine
Professor of Neuroscience Gordon Shepherd recipients of Fragrance
Foundation's fifth annual awards Oct. 26 at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York
Ci ty . . . .

Alberto-Culver: Raymond Maslanka to VP operations. a new position. He

joins trom Bristol-Myers, t'lhe re he had most reeentlV been V?
manufacturing.

Wessel Fragrances: New fragrance supply firm is headed by Kenneth

Wessel. previously deLaire president and chief operating officer. Thamas
Santini and CaroJe Gerdin, also former deLaire execs, are VP fragrance
technology and VP marketing, respectively. VP Perfumery John Doyle comes
from Roure where he was VP and chief perfumer. The Elmwood Park, NJ-based
firm will specialize in fine fragrances and household product scents . . . .

Advanced Dermaceuticals Internatiunal: New consulting firm formed by

Morris Herstein, former Estee Lauder VP R&D, specializes in product
development, sourcing new technology and ingredients and technical
management. Herstein left Lauder last year to join Laboratoires
Serobiologiques . . . .

Aloe Products recall: Bacterial contamination is cause for Class 11 (may

cause temporary ti1 effeets) recall of Aloe Vera Topical Skin Spray in 4
oz. bottles. according to Oct. 26 FDA Enforcement Report. Manufacturer Aloe
Products of Kerrviile, TX initiated recall Oct. 10 by telephone.
Distribution 01' 72 bottles was to Arizona and Canada. f~ecajJ oí" OTC drug ls
ongoing . . . .

Taiwanese make-up kits: Eyeshadows contain D&C Reds 7 ana 19 (unapproved

for eye area use) and/or unlabeled eyeshadow/blush kits are reasons for
Class 11 recall of cosmetic make-up kits manufactured by five Taiwanese
campanies. Ongoing reeall af over 4,020 dozen kits inltiated by Los Angeles
importer/distributor Ríeh-Gn by letter Sept. 6. Hccurding to Oct. 26 FDA

20 (
 oe t obe r 2'1, 1989 1:59pm page 18

Enforeement Report. Recall is for U.S., Canada. England, Puerto Rico and
Guam. Separate Class IIr recall (not likely to cause adverse effects) also
issued by Rich-On for 2,110 dozen similar kits eontaining eyeshadows made
with Reds 7 and 19 . . . .

Oxybenzone: Sunscreen ingredient'~ Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance

Association designation is benzophenone-3, not oetyl dimethy1 PABA as
stafed in The Rose ShE!et I I Oct. 10, p. 3 . . . .

Record - 10

00046661 F-D-C Accession Number 09094209

The Rose Sheet -- October 17, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 42

In Brief

Rich-Vicks: Extenaing Bain de Soleil brand with 6-SKU Protecteur

Gentil' 1ine of sunsereens tor sensitive skin. New produets offer ultra,
I

yet gentle protection l I with SPFs 20, 25 and 30. Among three products for
body are SPF 20 80dy Sllkening Spray Lotion and Body Silkening Stick or
Creme, eaeh in SPF 25. For face, SPF 30 Lip Protecteur and Under Eye
Protecteur are PABA- and fragranee-free: the non-comedogenic Face Creme is
S PF 25 ..

Bain de Soleil: Rich-Vicks planning $6.5 mil. ad campaign for suncare

brand in 1989, a 23% increase over 1988 spending, according to sales
promotional materiaJs. TV, print and radio ads slated to run in April-July
period will introduce new Protecteur Gentil" 1ine for sensitive skin.
Other 1ine extensions include C1assique Gele Orange in SPF 15 Body Stick
and SPF 10 gel. Firm also adding SPF 15 Protectif Spray Lotion. as well as
Tropical De]uxe in Ge1ee formula. Waterproof cremes are now Ultra
L i gh t ' , .

Soft Sheen: New Optimum Care line of hair maintenance and sty1ing
products inc1udes Co11agen Moisture Shampoo, Rieh Condition after-shampoo
conditioner and Body and Shine 1ight conditioning sheen spray. Light
Control hair and sca1p treatment, with natural castor and aloe vera 011s
and vitamins, provides moisturizers and conditions hair, according to
company. Nourishment is an oil-and-vitamin treatment wtth 1anolin, castor
and coconut o11s that restores chemically and heat-weakened hair. I I firm
says. Products will be available in Decembe~; sugges~ed retail prlce is
$4.25 each . . . .

1ve s t e él b () t e o s ro e tic s: V ita m i n E e r y s tal e .1 e a r B r o w D e l' i n e r gel s e t. s ,

shapes and thlckens your eyebrows, I I according to the company. ShipPlng in
November, brow gel has a suggested retai1 price oí' $4. in additjon, firm is
introducing a Sculptured Nai1s Refill Center in January where consumers can
~)urchase Cabot scnlptured najI items, SUCft as na.1.1 gJ.ue oro gel, wjthout
buying un ent1re ki~.

Retinol-A 25,000 !i~rinkle Creme: LabeJ ing st.ates and sug~-:est~"" thC1t i t
~v i 11 t' e á u c e -che visible signs of agin~. l' making the proriuct an unapproved
rH!\'v drug. FDA told proGuct rnarketer .u. Burnham Companv in él Sept. 23

202-
 October 21, 1989 2:00pm Page 19

regulatory letter. Lincolnwood. IL-based firm also cited for product and
labeling misbranding because of the similarity between the product names
Retinol-A and Ortho's Retin-A ... r, which suggests that Rx anti-acne
treatment is equivalent to your product .... " Burnham is fourth firm to
receive reg letter for claims associated with Retin-A ....

Fluoride dentifrices: Chese-Pond's Sept. 30 comments on the dentifrice

tentative final monograph (TFM). published in June. support FDA proposal to
require new drug approvals for products with more than 1.150 parts per
million (ppm) fluoride. Firm says safety is not an issue with higher
concentrations, but the lack of nonproprietary efficacy data precludes
the marketing of such a product under the monograph." Chese-Pond's Extra
Strength Aim, approved via an NDA in August 1986. contai,ns 1.2% sodium
monofluorophospate at a 1,500 ppm level ....

LDsubscript 5subscript O toxiCl~Y test: Classical" lethal dose

animal test is not an FDA-required procedure for determining safety and
its use 1s not part of agency testing policy, l ' PDA reaffirms in a
general policy s~atement' in Oct. 11 Federal Register. Although PDA has
I

not required LDsubscript 5subscript O for a number of years. the agencv

issued the statement as part of response to citizens petition froID American
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals requesting Lhat rOA revise
guidelines to state that the test is no longer acccptablc and to refuse
LDsubscript 5subscript O test data (The Rose Sheet" Oec. 15, 1986.
p. 4) ..

FDA commissioner confirmation bill: Measure mandating presidential

appointment and Senate confirmation of the FDA commissioner passes the
House and Senate on Oct. 13 as par~ of the Health Omnibus Programs
Extension of 1988 (S 2889). The Title V provision of the umbrella bill.
sponsored by Sen. Gore (D-TN), passed the Senate Feb. 4. Rep. Waxman (U-CA)
introduced the House version of the bill ....

Revlon: William Frank to exec VP and chief financial officer. succeeding

John Bulzachelli. who will remain a consultant for management information
services. Frank was previously senior VP and chief financial officer at
Castle & Cooke ....

Benetton Cosmetics: Ken Landis joins as worldwide VP oi finance and

operations/chief financial officer. He succeeds Howard Friedensohn. who
left the company. Land5s was previously with Alfin ....

Avon: Promotes
U.S. Direct Sellin~ Division President Paui Markovi~s.
In~ernational Selling Division
Djrec~ President stuart Ochjltree and
Business Development and Planning Rxec VP Rober~ Pratt to coroorate exec
VPs. Senior VP-Pinance Jules Zi~merman has resigncd but will continue as a
consultant during the companyt s dlvestiture of its health care
businesses.

Calvin Klein Cosmetics: L o tI j S e r i s e u o 1 o jo i n s él s V}) / e r e (j ti ved ir e e t o r

worlOWloe. He was previously Revlonls VP/crea~ive director tor ~he Charles
oí" the Rj tz, Al exandra de ~\1 a r k () r l' . Germa.i.ne Montei} and Lancaster
brands ....

Cosmair: Karen Rowan on board the L!Oreal Haír Care Division as director
oE marketing, responsible for new products. Ultra Rich Shampoo and

203
 October 21, 1989 2:00pm Page 20

Conditioner and L'Oreal Premiere Perm ....

Mentholatum Company: Yasuhiro Yamada, Rohto Pharmaceuticals exec

director, to chairman of the Buffalo, NY-based OTC maker. Rohto purchased
firm from the founding Hyde family in June. Former Chairman George Hyde is
now president. Rohto Managing Director Shoji Yoshida is Mentholatum VP ....

CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook: Fjrst edition of companion" volume

to CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary now available. Handbook includes
over 3.700 ingredients and is divided into four sections: definitions of 70
chemical classes ana their ingredients; definitions of 70 functions, also
listing ingreaients pertaining to each function; an alphabetical
compilation of monographs; and types of products using ea~h ingredient.
Handbook is $95 for CTFA members, $175 for non-members. Order forms
available from CTFA Publications, 1110 Vermont Avenue, N.W., Suite 800.
Washington. D. C. 20005: (202) 331-1770 . . . .

Record - 11

00046209 F-D-C Accession Number 09093962

The Rose Sheet -- September 26, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 39

WEEKLY TRADEMARK REVIEW

ISSUE DATE: Issued Sept. 20, 1983

TRAOEMARK NAME: Health 010 & Design
SERIAL NUMBER: 697.305
NAME OF FIRM: Lima. Nilton Oliveira. dba Health Glo
FILI~G DATE: 11-23-87
CLASS NUMBERS: 51 & 52
DATE OF FIRST USE: Aug. 1981
COMMENT: For eosmctics; namely, facial cleanser. skin toner.
moisturlzers. eye cream. night creams, aloe vera moisturizers, makeup
foundations, hair shampoos, hair conditioners, and body lotions.
CATEGORY OP ENTRY: marks published for opposition in one class

Record - 12

00043442 F-D-C Accession Number 09092209

The Rose Sheet -- Mav 30. 1988
Volume 9. Issue 22

In Brief

A v o n: V i s i b 1 e A d v é1 n ·C a ~ e S te i n Í( e v i v i n g L i q u id, d e b u t :i n 5~ i n ti u g: u s t. h e .1 p !.;
counteract the effects of everyday stress." flrm says. TWice-dally use of
the fortj.fying anci nonrish:ing:" gel helps SKln feel soft.er, look
healthier and glov.¡ witn vital.ity." accot'ding- to Avon. Vis.ibie Advantage
contains vitamin E del':ivat.ive. vitamin K and pro··v.itamin B5, moisturizers
and soothing'! botanicals like ginseng, chamomile anó elder. A frosted
zlass pump in El 1 oz. size ",.:¡J.1.l se11 for él sugp;est.ed 814. Pr'oduct is third
addition to Avon's Visible Improvement Program of treatments for eommon
~:; ¡.~ í n ear e pro b .1 e ms . ,! E ye Pe r f e c t or g e.1 wa s .1 a 11 n che d i n J u 1 y; Dr a ma tic
 October 21, 1989 2:01pm Page 21

Firming Cream in January ....

Collagen Booster: Avon's ljne controlling lotion singled out on

ABC-TV's 20/20" news show May 19 for its ability to make ski n look
younger. In a segment on cosmetics during the show Slowing Down the
C10ck: De1aying the Aging Process, I I reporler John Stossel said researchers
have found that vitamin C stimulates cell to make more collagen. and that
shou1d make skin look younger." Collagen Booster's patent-pending formula
contains a vitamin C complex and many dermatologists, Stossel continued.
think Avon ls on the right track." Developed in conjunction with Duke
University's chief of dermatology Sheldon Pinnel, MD, product was launched
in March of last year (The Rose Sheet" Feb. 2. 1987. p. 3) . . . .

Rubiglo Cosmetics: Adding Thomas Christy skincare products to Rubiglo

1ine of color cosmetics. Under distribution agreement with U.K.-based
Thomas Christy, Rubiglo will introduce the complete Christy treatment line
over the next 12 months, beginning with Pace Packs in June. A selection of
eight single application facial masks includes Oatmeal. Aloe Vera. Lempak,
Hotpak, Collagen. Cucumber. Strawberry and Mudpak. each designed for
specific skin types. Pace packs will retail for a suggested 99cents ...

Parfums Giorgio: Introducing Giorgio Extraordinary Perfumed Body

Silkening Oil ~ist and Extraordinary Perfumed Body Talc. The alcohol-free
oi1 mist revitalizes and moisturizes' 1 skin; a 3 oz. size 18 retail
pricecl at a suggested $30. Talcum powder is $22.50 :ro!" 4 oz. Both products
are available now ....

MEM: Tom Fields subsidiaryls Oh Dawn division offering bathtub booze' 1

bubble bath in 8 oz. replica bottles of Gin. Scotch and Vodka for suggested
retail prices of $3 each. Cocktails," including Harvey Wallbanger. Pina
Colada and Tequila Sun Rise bubble baths in 1.7 oz. sizes. are $1.50 each:
a three-bottle gjft set js $4. Currently available in gift. drug and
department stores, non-alcoholic bubble baths have fragrances similar to
the drinks they represento

Posner: New Weather Wear Setting Lation is formulated with a

frizz-prevencing silicone-polymer combination that seals the pores of the
hair making it humidity resistant and silky smooth, l' firm says. Weather
Wear can be used on wet or dry hair. Available now, a 4 oz. pump bottle has
a suggested retail price of $2.50: 8 oz. is $4.95 . . . .

Red Hot Reds": Posnerls fall 1988 color collection features reds that
are not just reds ahades so hot, they'll keep you sizzling. l'
Promotion offers six shades of lipstick, including Cadillac Red. Get It
Grape, and Fresh Plum: nail enamel in Red Hot Red, Hot Tomato and Red Winc;
blush in Sunset Red and mascara in Electrik Blue. ColLection will be
avai1able by mid-August ....

:'1 a y be] 1 i n e: P e r f o r In :i n '-': ?vl a s e a r a, é1. b r e a k t h r o u g h ID a s e a r a f o r ro u 1 a. " wi 1 1

reach stores in September. Producto developed after tour years of intense
research." according to firm, gives full and 1ush" lashes that last all
day without flaking or smearing 1
I yet washes off gently with soap and
\iJ<lter. 11 Haybelline says. Irritant··free, hypo-allergenic " Performing
Mascara will be available in tlve shades, including Royal Tea1 and
Amethvst, for a suggested rf:taj 1 price of $3.50 . . . .

LO~
 October 21, 1989 2:02pm Page 22

Kao's Jergens buy: Kao Carpo of America completes acquisition af Andrew

Jergens from American 8rands. companies jointly announce May 25. The Kao
Japan subsidiary agreed to huy the $172 mil. volume Jergen's soap and skin
care business in Aprll after it had been on the selling block for four
months (The Rose Sheet" April 25, p. 1). Purchase price was not
disclosed. Kao projects Jergen sales will reach $190 mil. this year . . . .

Trademark revision bill: Senate unanimously pass es Sen. DeConcini's

(D-AZ) Trademark Law Revision Act of 1988" (S 1883) wi th no major
changes on May 13. No action is scheduled for the House version. HR 4156,
introduced by Rep. Moorhead (R-CA) March 15; however, the Judicíary/Courts
subcommittee is currently sending out letters to attorneys and law
professors seeking guidance on the bí11, a subcommittee spok~sperson said.
Approximately 10 letters have be en sent sincc May 9 . . . .

Arcade v. 3M: Defendant 3M has reported1y conceded 28 of 29 patent

claims for its fragrance sampling technology in its response to Scentstrip
marketer Arcade's April l1-filed suít seeK~ng a ruling from Tennessee
Eastern District Court that Scentstrip does not infringe 3M's patent (The
Rose Sheet" April 25. In Brief). Neither company would comment on whether
an out-of-court settlement is forthcoming. Arcade is also seeking at least
$10 mil. in damages. A trial date in the Chattanooga court has not been
set . . . .

Operation Ozone": Ongoing U.S. Custams Service port of entry

inspec~lon for aerosol cosmetic products containing lllegal
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) prapellants had looked at 619 samples by May 5, of
which 234. or 38%. were found to contain CFCs. according to a Customs
spokespersan. The rate of non-compliance has dropped from 43% checked
through April 5 ana a 67% CFC-contamination at the start of the program
(Tile Rose Sheet' Aprjl 11. p. 3). Customs began Operation Ozone"
1 ?eb.
15 and pians to continue spot-checks indefinitely . . . .

Vipont Pharmaceuticals: Files registration May 18 with Sccurities and

Exchange Comrnission for proposed offering of 1 mil. shares of Vipont common
stock. Estimated $15-$20 mIl. in proceeds wjll be used to finance
construction of manufacturing facility for Viadent oral rinses, saving firm
roughly $600.000/year. and for working capital to boost ad, promo and
marketing support. Vicont currently has approximately 5.4 mil. shares
outstanding. Underwriting thc offer are Merrill Lynch Capjtal Markets and
Wessels. Arnold & Henderson . . . .

Revlon: Karol Kempster on board as VP/general manager for Charles of the

Ritz, reporting to recently-appointed Fashion and Designer Group Chairman
and President Hobert Nielsen. Kempster was previously beauty director far
the specialty store Henri Sendel. She replaces Michael Gannaway. who moves
to Ultima 11 as exec VP. Gannaway reports to Ultima 11 President Andrea
R o b i n s o n. wh o j o i ned i n .\1 a r' ch. . . .

AHDA J : American Health & Heauty Aids Institute names Gp,ri Duncan Jones
as executive director. Jones jOined AHBAI In 1984 as an account executive.
She has been acting executive d.irect.o!" s j nce January . . . .

vía 1 ter Edman: Zotos Lnternational's retired senior VP died in April at

the age of 75. He was a major contributor to the professional hair care
comoanyls R&D department for 45 vears untiL failing heal~h forced him to
 October 21, 1989 2:03pm Page 23

leave at the end of 1987, a company announcemenL said. Edman was a past
chairman of the Toilet Goods Association Scientific Advisory Committee and
the Society of Cosmetic Chemists . . . .
Dermal Clinical Evaluation Society: Pitfalls in Proving a Parity Claim
Lessons from Recent NAO Cases" will be luncheon topic of National
Advertising Division, Council of Better Business Bureaus VP Ro~ Smithies at
soc~ety meeting June 23. Luncheon and poster session wilI be held from
noon-5 p.m. at The Sheraton in Fairfield NJ. Cost is $25 for members; $35
for non-members. To register. send check to Colgate-Palmolive's Patricia
Chaknis, 909 River Road, Piscataway NJ 08817 . . . .

Record - 13

00043]38 F-D-C Accession Number 09092051

The Rose Sheet -- May 16, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 20

WEEKLY TRADEMARK REVIEW

ISSUE DATE: Issued May 10, 1988

TRAOEMARK NAME: ~orYou Design
SERIAL NUMBER: 653.658
NAME OF FIRM: ForYou
FILING DATE: 3-3]-87
CLASS NUM8ERS: 51
COMMENT: For cosmetics, nameJy skin cleanser, skin toners, skin
moisturizers, SKln conditioners, hand and body lotions. skin cream
lubricants. fingernajl nutrients (butyl acetate, toluene. isopropanol,
ethyl ace~ate, nitrocellulose, toluenesulfanomide. formalaenyde resio,
cioctyl phthalate. camphor, lanolin oil, and mink oi1), shaving creams,
lip balms. bath water additives. facial treating compositions (a
firming lift liquid of aloe vera, deionized water, and benzethonium
chloride, and 1ift powder of corn starch, albumen, hydroxypropyl
methylcelulosc, silica, imidazolidinyl urea. allantoin, collagen,
comfrey, kelp and chamomile), makeup bases, and face powder.
CATEGORY OF ENTRY: marks published for opposition in one class

Record - 14

00042810 F-D-C Accession Number 09091908

The Rose Sheet -- May 9, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 19

In Brief

e o s In a ir: )1 a r k e t t e s t. i n g L' O r e a 1 P 1 e n i t u d e s k i n c a r e L r e a t ID e 11 L 1 1 n e i n t w o
cities beginning in September. The 15-SKU 1ine was launched in Europe in
1982 a n el i s e x t r e me 1 y s u e c e s s r u 1 l' t h e re, a e e o l' el i n ~.; t o a e o mp a 11 y
spokesperson. U.S. ~es~ p~oducts for the mass market department store
qualitv" brand Nj.il include a 5-SKU cleansing regimen a11d tour other
moisturizing ana special carel I items . . . .

Biotherm: In"troduc.ing Creme Contour Chaufí"ant.e 10 Jours 10-Day

Thermo-Active Body Contout'ing Treatment ror improving the appearance of

l.07
 October 21, 1989 2:04pm Page 24

stubborn cellulite." Creme's sauna-like effect" on the skin simulates

heat massage and daily use increases skin's firmness and improves its
elasticity and resiliency" used in combination with exercise. Cosmair
division says. Available now, creme comes in a 4.4 oz. tube for $28.50
suggested retail. Biotherm also sells Creme Contour Suractivee 10 Jours for
simple cellulite"

Sanofi Beauty Products: Launching Stendhal Premier Soin Contour des Yeux
Specific Eye Care for young, under 30 skin." Gel cream formula is a
light treatment for defense against sun damage, diet, stress, and late
nights,' ffirm says. On-counter in September, eye treatment in .5 oz. tube
will retail for a suggested $17.50 . . . .

Guerlain: Establishes a Boutique-By-Mail" with a toll-free number for

consultation and phone ordering of Guerl~in products. Brochures, mailed in
early May. introduce customers to the boutique.' I A computerized profile
chart of purchases and gift orders will be maintained for each patron by
Guerlain. The company is also doubling its number of boutiques this summer,
fram four to eight. New locations include San Francisco, Washington, DC,
Chicago and Orlando. FL . . . .

Calgate-PaJmolive: Company test marketing Palmalive Beauty Soap in the

Portland. ME-area. Test is being backed with sorne advertising support.
According to a company spokesperson. the soap is positioned in the beauty
segment, unlike regular Palmolive green" soap, which was introduced in
1864. Thc test market began last fallo Other Calgate soap brands include
Irish Spring. Cashmere Bauquet, and the recently acquired Softsoap. Village
Bath and Sesame St.ree-t liquid soaps ....

Faberge: Extending Aqua Net hair care brand with Pro-Spritz Aerosol
Styling Spritz in June. Pro-Spritz, in scented and unscented ultimate
hold" formulas. offers versatility of a spritz" combined with ease
and convenience of an aerosol,' I firm says. A 6.5 oz. spritz has a
suggested retail price of $1.89. Product will be promoted as part of
revamped Aqua Net line, which has be en given new formulas and packaging.
Faberge says that ayer 600 mil. consumer offers will be delivered for Aqua
Net products in the current year . . . .
MEM: Tinkerbell new products for children include Sweet Lips Trip of
Bubble Gum, Strawberry and Grape lipglosses and a Fun Fragrance collection
of Orange Blossom, Lily of the Valley, Rosebud and Cornflower scents.
Available in July, products' suggested retail prices will range from $3.75
to $6 . . . .

Heaven Sent: MEM deblltjn~ three summer scent promotions in June. Hau de
Parfum 1.5 oz. spray decanter bottles wlth a pop-up' I halr brush wiLl
retail for a suggcs~cd 57.50. Light CoJogne Spray. offering a Jíghter
concentration of fragrance. is priced at $4.50 for 8 oz. New AII-Over
Moisturizing Lotían with Aloe ls speciaJly priced at $3.95 for 12 OZ., a $6
value. flrm says ....

Sunscreen testing cornments: FDA extends unt!.l Mav 26 the deadJ ine for
ftling cornments on testing proceaures ~o aetermine che sun protection
factor (SPF) level ana related claims for OTe sunscreen products. CTFA
requested the extension. saying it plans to file extensive ' I cornrnents
to.llowing up on FDA's Jan. 26 pubJjc meeting (The Rose Sheet" .F(~b. 1. p.
1 ) ....

7..02
 October 21, 1989 2:05pm Page 25

Aloe Products recall: Contamination with Pseudomonas Cepacia is reason

for ongoing Class 11 (may cause temporary il1 effects) recal1 of firm's
Aloe Vera Topical Skin Product in 4 oz. spray bottles. according to May 4
FDA Enforcement Report. Kerrville, TX-based manufacturer Aloe Products
initlated recall by telephone on or about April 5 for 1,296 bottles of
product distributed in Arizona, California, Florida, Oklahoma, Tennessee,
Texas, Canada and Sweden ....

Goutal v. Chese-Pond's: Annick Goutal's Passion aná Parfums

International's Elizabeth Taylor's Passion prestige fragrances can
coexist peacefully," both sides agree in April 28 settle~ent. 80th
fragrances may be sold without restriction in any store .in the U.S. or
Canada, according to settlement terms. Suits filed by both sities had
resulted in a limited injunction temporarily restricting sales of Tavlor
scent in 55 stores (The Rose Sheet" Jan. 4. In Brief). Appeals of the
decision by both SIaes have been dropped and New York Southern District
Court has been asked to vacate its ruling ....
de Laire: Fragrance supplier reportedly drops New York Supreme CourL
suit to prevent former President Kenneth Wessel from contacting tie Laire
customers. and he agrees not to stand for re-election to firm's board.
according to Wessel. He continues to maintain he was wrongfully
terminated " and is seeking monetary damages from the company. de Laire
allegedly accused Wessel of violating client confidentiality in nn alleged
attempt to start his own business (The Rose Sheet' I Hay 2. In Brief). 'lhe
firm had no comment ....

Avon: In the wake of plans to lay off 200 New York area employees. Avon
Beauty Group has eliminated group VP level of management. Group VP.
Marketing Phil Crosland rnay shift to the retail cosmetics segmen~ or leave.
according to a spokesperson. Crosland joined Avon in August 1985 from Ritz.
Group VP, Sales and Distribution Phyllis Davis promoted to exec VP. U.S.
direct selling. Bob Pfund, group VP, operations. named VP of the gtft and
decorativc business. Davis and Pfund will report to the Presidcnt of U.S.
Direct Selling Division. Paul Markovits ....

Cosrnair: Margare~ Sharkey-Kelly to general manager of Biotherrn Division.

She joined the Biotherm unit last year as VP marketinR and adVertlsing.
Prior to that, Sharkey-Kelly was at Lancome where she had been since 1976,
most of it as VP-marketing and advertisíng ....

Calvin Klein Cosmetics: Lvnne Bonson named genera] manager of new United
Kingdom branch. effective June 1, opened following ~arch acquisitlon of
Calvin Klein fra?,'rance distribution rights from Pascall Ltd. Previously.
Bonson was general manager. Giorgio Beverly BilIs for tile U. K. Shei la
Hewitt to senior djrector sales administration/sales proTllotion ....

Gale Hayman 8everlY Hills: CEO Hayman will not appolnt a new president
oí' her rnailorder prestig-e cosmetics business in -Che neal' fntnre. r, a
spokespcrson saldo ~ounder Hayman has again been running firm 8ince acting
President Bob Ruttenberg left the post in March. He haci ~;.igned a stx-month
agreement in January.

CTFA: Association1s board approved 42 ncw active and associate

memberships at March annual meeting, the largest number of appltcations
receivcd ... and approved in CTFA's recent history, according
l' to the

l..o'l
 October 21. 1989 2:06pm Page 26

association. New active members include: Betrix Cosmetics, Frankfurt. West

Germany; Fred Hayman Beverly Hills; Guerlain; Redken Labs and Tiffany's.
Among the 22 new associate members are Organogenesis and Repligen R&D
1 abs . . . .

Recárd - 15

00040718 F-D-C Accession Number 09090502

The Rose Sheet -- February 1, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 5

Scherjng-Plough U.S. sun care revenues jump 20% in 1987; Maybelline

sales strong"

SCHERING-PLOUGH U.S. SUN CARE SALES JUMP 20% IN 1987 with the aid of new
products, building on the previous year's record" volume. the company
reported Jan. 28. Product introductions during the year included the
PABA-free childrens' sunscreen Coppertone Water Babies. Zinka colored zinc
oxide sunscreens, Solarcaine Cooling Aloe Vera Spray, Tropical Blend
waterproof oil and a Coppertone sun tan spray.

Plough plans to continue its heightened sun care product activity in

1988 with sun protection factor (SPF) 30 Plus" additions to the Shaae
and Coppertone lines, a Coppertone Sunless Tanning Lotion, Tropical Blend
SPF 15 4 Hour" Tanning Lotion and an SPF 25 addition to the Water Babies
SPF 15 11ne ('fhe Rose Sheet" Oct. 19, p. 7).

Maybelline turned in a strong' I U.S. sales gain for the year thanks to
a record number" of product launches, the company said. Through the
first nine months. Maybelline sales had increased 14% to $241 mil.
Schering-P]ougfl told analysts late last year (The Rose Sheet" Dec. 7, p.
1). Blooming Cclors mascaras and Colour Wand powdered eyeshadows were among
the 1987 product entries which were backed with a $76 mil. advertising and
promotional budget.

Current TV ads tor Blooming Colors and Colour Wand offcr hints" about
the look of Maybelline's major new ad campaign for 1988, a company
spokesperson sajd.

To back the campaign, MaybelJine's total ad and prorno budget has been
boosted approximately 30% to $98.8 mil. The campaign, based on the concept
of Smart and Beautiful Maybelline" is scheduled to break in early March
or April. The DD8 Needham-designed TV, print and radio campaign is product
s p e c i f j c a n el í"l i 11 e o ver Ma y b e 1 1 i l1 e ' ~; ent i r e pro d II C t s p e e t r u m \'\1 i t h t h e
exception of Shine Free te en cosmetics, according ~o the sDokesperson.
Shine Free is handJed by another ad agency.

Despite significant increases in domestic sales by Plough's sun care

business and Maybelline. the company's vJorldwide consumer proclucts sales
~:.¡ere slightly lower in 1987. Plough sald.
f
'

Thc decline was d1.1e to the divestiture of the interna~ional Dr. Scholl's
foot care business, according to Plough. With the impact oE the divestiture
excl uded. consumer produc1: sales increased 69ó • The company sold Dr.

Z{O
 October 21. 1989 2:06pm Page 27

Scholl's European. Far East and Latin American operations in June for $167
mil. Plough retains Scholl's domestic business. and operations in Canada
and Puerto Rico.

Schering faurth quarter revenues rose 10.6% to $663.5 mil. and net
income inereased 25.5% to $75.2 mil. The eompany noted the double-digit
increase despite the faet that the Scholl's divestiture penalized sales
gro~th five pereentage points."

For the year, earnings elimbed 19% to $316.4 mil. on a 12.5% sales gain
to $2.7 bil. Excluding the effect of the Seholl's sale. fourth quarter and
full year revenues rose roughly 16% and 15%, respectively, the eompany
pointed out.

Alberto-CuJver Change

from 1987
3 Mos. to Dec. 31. 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales $ 133.54 mil. $ 112.74 mil. 18.4 ~6

Net ineome $ 6.81 mil. $ 3.28 mil. 107.5 ?6

Income/share $ .48 $ .23

Net ineome/

sales dallar 5.JO cents 2.91 cents

Brístol-Myers Chan~e

:f:'rom 1987

3 Mos. to Dec. ,~

0.L.
-<
1987 1987 1986 l~ o 1986

Sales S 1,:360.6 mil. $ 1.205.0 mil. 12.9 %

Net income $ 174.07 mil. $ 151.70 mil. 14 . 7 :?6

Income/share $ .61 s .53

Net ineome/

sales dollar 12.79 eents 12.5~) cents

Bristol-Myers Change

tram 1987

Year to Dec. 31. 1987 1937 1986 to 1986

Sajes ~i) 5, 4 () J . 2 ID i 1. S 4.8~it).9 mjI. 11 .7 0(,

Net income :1) 709.64 mil. $ 589.52 mil. 20.4 %

lncame/share $ 2.45 $ 2.07

21/
 Octaber 21. 1989 2:07pm Page 28

Net incame/

sales dallar 13.14 cents 12.19 cents

Carter-Wal1ace Change
from 1987

9 Ma s. t a De c. 31, 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales $ 335.7 mil. $ 330.2 mil. 1.7 %

Net income $ 29.99 mil. $ 25.24 mil. 18.8 96

Income/share $ 1. ·98 $ 1.66

Net income/

sales dollar 8.93 cents 7.64 cents

Carter-Wallace Change

from 1987

3 Mos. to Oec. 31. 1987 1987 1986 to 1980

Sales $ 112.9 mil. $ 103.3 mijo 9 .3 ?6

Net income S 9.0J. mil. $ 7.64 mi1.

Income/share $ .59 s .50

Net income/

sales dolla:e 7.98 cents 7.39 cents

Do~.¡ Chemical Change

Year to Dec. 31. 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales S 13.377.0 mil. $ 11,113.0 mil. 20. 4 ~6

Net income S 1,245.0 mil. $ 741.00 mil. 68. O ?6

Income/share $ 6.50 $ 3.87

Ne'C income/

s a 1e s el o 1 1 é:.l. r' 9.31 cellts 6.67 cents

1987 profit 1s befare an eXIraord1nary charge of $5 mil.

(.03/share) from early extingu.ishment. oí' deót. 1.9H6 sajes restated

by company. Sa_Les oríp:i.naJly $11.4 rnL.l .. +17.3~¡).

z 12-
 October 21, 1989 2:07pm Page 29

DO~1J Chemical Change

from 1987

3 Mos. to Dec. 31,1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales $ 3,597.0 mil. $ 2,791.0 mil. 28.9 ?6

Net income $ 354.00 mil. $ 169.00 mil. 109.5 %

Income/share $ 1.86 $ .88

Net income/

sales dollar 9.84 cents 6.06 cents

1987 profit is before an extraordinary charge of $2 mil.

(.Ol/share) from early extinguishment of dcbt. 1986 sales restated

by company. Sales originally $2.9 mil., +25.7%.

Lee Pharmaceuticals Change

ft'om 1987

3 Mos. to Dec. 31. 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales $ 7.0 mil. S 9.3 mil. -25.1 ?¿

Net incoffie $ .04 mil. $ .84 mil. -95.1 %

Income/share s . 01 $ .20

Net income/

sales dollar .59 cents 3.95 cents

Noxell Change

from 1987
,..,
Year to Dec. 0.l
~

1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales S 4g~).5 mil. S 43H.8 mil. 11. 5 ~~

Ne ( i ncome S 43.58 ffili.. S 3 7 . 1 [) :-n l 1 . L7 . 5 ::;,

Income/share S 1.03 s . 9 ~~
Net incomel

~ales do.ilar a . ~) o e f~ nt s ::) .± G e e n t. s

NOX8il Change

from 1987

2-13
 October 21, 1989 2:08pm Page 30

3 Mo s. t o De c. 31. 1987 1987 1936 to 1986

Sales $ 115.2 mil. $ 110.1 mil. 4 . 6 ~~

Net income S 10.43 mi]. $ 8.95 mil. 16.5 %

Income/share s .26 $ .23

Net income/

sales dollar 9.06 cents 8.13 cents

Pfizer Chang-e

from 1987

3 Mos. to Dec. 31, 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales $ 1.275.2 mil. $ 1,162.~:) mil. 9 .7 ?6

Net income $ 136.60 mil. $ 158.40 mii. -13.8 ?ó

Income/share s .82 $ .94

Net income/

sales dollar 10.71 cents 13.62 cents

Pfizer Change

tram 1987

Year to Dec. 31, 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales $ 4,919.8 mil. $ 4,476.0 m.il. 9 .9 9ó

Net income $ 690.20 mil. $ 660.00 mil. 4 . 6 ?6

Income/share S 4.08 $ 3.90

Net income/
sales dallar 14.0;,:) cents 14.75 c:en"ts

?rocter & Gamb18 Change

frOTa 1987

6 Mos. to Dec. ~31. 1987 1987 1930

Sajes S 9.503.0 mIl. S 8.611.0 mil. 10 . 4 ;'ó

Net .income S 617.00 mil. :3 463.00 mil. 33 . 3 ~¡)

Income/share S 3.61 $ 2.72

Net income/

211
 October 21, 1989 2:08pm Page 31

sales dollar 6.49 cents 5.38 cents

Proctor & Gamble Change

from 1987

3 Mos. to Dec. 31.1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales $ 4,839.0 mil. $ 4.255.0 mil. ] 3 . 7 o"

Net income $ 261.00 mil. $ 190.00 mil. :37 . 4 %

Income/share S 1.25 S 1. 11

Net income/

sales ciollar 5.39 c;ents 4.47 cents

Qmax Technology Chan~'e

from 1987
6 Mos. to Dec. 31. 1987 1987 19BE3 to 1986

Sales $ 1.7 mil. s .5 mil. 12 . 2 ?~

Net income S .06 mil. S -.53 mil. (~/

,'0

Income/share s .02 s - - -
Net lncome/

sales dollar 3.67 cents cents

Qmax Technolo~y Change

from 1987

3 Mos. to Dec. 31.1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales S.3 mtl. s .6 ml.L . -20.0 ~ó

Net income s -.25 In i 1 . S -.66 mii. 0,

'o

Incorne/share s - - - :> - - -

Net income/

sajes dollar cents cenTs

H.oss Cosmetics Change

from 1987

3 il-íos. to Nov. 30. 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

2/)
 October 2J, 1989 2:09pm Page 32

Sales $ 3.6 mil. $ 2.4 mil. 50 . O ?¡;

Net income $ .15 mil. S .14 mil. 3 .9 5'ó

Income/share $ .05 S .06

Net income/

-sales dollar [±.12 cents 5.95 cents

1987 profit is before an extraordinary credit of $62,130

(.02/share). from tax bencfit of tax-loss carry-forward.

Schering-Plough Change

from 1987

Year to Dec. 31. 1937 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales S 2.6D9.3 mijo S 2,398.7 mil.

Net income S 316.40 mil. S 265.80 mil. 19 . O ?:;

Income/share S 2. J 7

Net income/

sales dollar 11.72 cenLS 11.0S cents

Schering.-Plour.:tl Change

~.)~ o m 1987

3 Mos. _to Dec. 1987 1987 to 1986

Sales S 663.5 mil. $ 600.1 m:il.

Net income $ 75.20 mil. :3 59.90 mIl. 25.5 96

Income/share $ .67 $ .50

Net income/

sales dollar 11.33 cents 9.~j8 cents

Vipont Pharmaceutical ChanF;e

from 19a7

3 Mas. ta Dec. 31.1987 1987 19SG to 1986

SaJes S 7.1 mIl. $ 4.5 mil. 58.() ?ó

Net lncome S .91 mil. S .42 mil.

Income/snare s . l6 s .08

2( ~
 October 21, 1989 2:09pm ?age 33

Net income/

sales dollar 12.84 cents 9.31 cents

Warner-Lambert Change

from 1987

3 Mos. to Dec. 31,1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales S 909.7 mil. $ 812.6 mil. 11.9 %

Net income $ 66.28 mil. S 56.48 mil. 17.4 ~ó

Income/share $ .95 s .79

Net income/

sales dollar 7.29 cents o . Sl;) e e n T. s

Warner-Lambert Change
from 1987

Year to Dec. 31, 1987 1987 1986 to 1986

Sales S 3,484.7 mi j . S 3,102.9 mij 1

J.
A
¿
"
. ..:)
()/
/0

• l
Net income $ 295.85 ffil.l.. S 30D.48 In i 1. -'1.4 %

Income/share S 4.15 S ~1. J ~~

Net income/

sales dolJar 8.4f) cen'cs ~) . U7 e e n T. s

2f[
 October 24, 1989 4:33pm page 1

File 310:CA SEARCH 1977-81

(COPR. 1988 BY THE AMER. CREM. SOC.)

3/5/1
94071207 CA: 94(10)71207z JOURNAL
Aloe as a humectant in new skin preparations
AUTROR(S): Meadows, Tiro P.
LOCATlON: Aloe Butter lnc., Cocoa Beach, FL, USA
JOURNAL: Cosmet. Toiletries DATE: 1980 VOLUME: 95 NUMBER: 11 PAGES:
51-2, 54-6 CODEN: CTOIDG lSSN: 0361-4387 LANGUAGE: English
SECTlON:
CA062004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
lDENTIFIERS: aloe skin prepn, humectant aloe gel
DESCRIPTORS:
Humectants ...
aloe gel, for SKln prepns.
Cosmetics,moisturizers ... Lotions ... Shaving preparations ... Sunburn and
Suntan,sunscreens ...
aloe gel-contg.
Aloe vera ...
gel, as humectant in skin prepns.

3/5/2
94027388 CA: 94(5)27388k JOURNAL
Characterization of the polysaccharides of Aloe barbadensis. Part l.
Structure of the D-galactan isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller
AUTHOR(S): Mandal, Gaurhari; Das, Amalendu
LOCATION: Dep. Chem., Jadavpur Univ., Calcutta, 700032, India
JOURNAL: Carbohydr. Res. DATE: 1980 VOLUME: 86 NUMBER: 2 PAGES:
247-57 CODEN: CRBRAT ISSN: 0008-6215 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA011001 Plant Biochemistry
IDENTlFIERS: Aloe galactan
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe barbadensis ...
D-galactan from, structure of
CAS REGlSTRY NUMBERS:
9037-55-2 from Aloe barbadensis, structure of

3/5/3
94002037 CA: 94(1)2037g JOURNAL
Characterization of ~he polysaccharides of Aloe barbadensis Miller. ParL
11. Structure of the glucomannan isolated from the leaves of Aloe
barbadensis Mil~er
AUTHOR(S): Mandal, Gaurhari; Das, Amalendu
LOCATION: Dep. Chem., Jadavpur Univ., Calcutta, 700032, India
JOURNAL: Carbohydr. Res. DATE: 1980 VOLUME: 87 NGMBER: 2 PAGES:
249-56 CODEN: CRBRAT ISSN: 0008-6215 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA011001 Plant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe leaf glucomannan structure
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe barbadensis ...
glucomannan of leaves of, structure of
 October 24, 1989 4:33pm page 2
-:"

Polysaccharides,biological studies ...

glucomannan of, of Aloe barbadensis leaves
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
11078-31-2 of Aloe barbadensis leaves, structure of

3/5/4
92194777 CA: 92(23)194777b JOüRNAL
Volatile mercury release from vascular plants
AUTHORlS): Kama, William; ~iegel, S. M.
LOCATION: Dep. Bot., Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
JOURNAL: Org. Geochem. DATE: 1980 VOLUME: 2 NUMBER: 2 PAGES: 99-101
CODEN: ORGEDE ISSN: 0146-6380 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CAOI1013 ?lant Biochemistry
CA004XXX Toxicology
IDENTIFIERS: volatile mercury release vascular plant
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe barbadensis ... Avocado,P. americana ... Bauhinia purpurea ...
Bougainvillea spectabilis ... Candlenut ... Coconut ... Codiaeum variegatum ...
Cordyline terminalis ... Crassula argentea ... Cyperus papyrus ... Cypress,C.
macrocarpa ... Dicranopteris linearis ... Dracaena forbesii ... Eichhornia
crassipes ... Hemigraphis colarata ... Hibiscus rosa-sinensis .. .
Homalocladium platycladium ... Hydrocleys nymphoides ... Kalanchoe pinnata .. .
Lantana camara ... Leucaena glauca ... Nymphaea ... Pandanus odoratissimus .. .
Pereskia ... Pineapple ... Privet,L. indicum ... Pseudocalymma alliaceum .. .
Rhizophora mangle ... Sansevieria trifasciata ... Scaevola sercea ... Stapelia
noblis ... Sugarcane ... Thespesia populnea ... Nicolaia elatior .. .
volatile mercury release by
Plant tissue ... Plant,vascular ...
volatile mercury release from
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
7439-97-6D volatile, vascular plant release of

21¡
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TITLE(s): Aloe ver·a l~
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102
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Date: June 1987
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Aloe vera
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AUTHOR ( :5 ) ; Dannof, Ivan E.

TITLE(s): Aloe in C05Metics--doBS it do anything?
Journal ti t le: C05Metic5 & Toiletrie5
1''';0 1 uft1e : 102
Page:;, ; 62-3
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CC5Metics!Chemistry
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AUT~ÜR(5): Ga.ns, Eu.gene H.

TITLE(s): Why natural? Scientific 5upport of natural MatariaIs
JOí.lrnal title: C05Metic5 & Toiletries
VoluMe: 102
Page5: 21-2+
Date: June 1987
Notes: bibllography 220
 Article about: Aloe vera
C05Metics/ChsMistry
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TITLE(s): vera update: a new forM
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Journal iitle: Orug & C05Metic Industry
VoluMe: 137
P~tge5 ~ i+2--t-
[)a.te: Septerrlber 1 g85
Note5~ illustrated

Art.icle aboul: CosMetics/Testing

Aloe barbadensi5
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TI TL_E ( s ) : CTFA seeks aloe vera cut froM endangered species list
,Journal 'tii;le: CheMical Marketing Reporter
~}o 1Ul'YJe : 226
Pages: 21--2
Ded,e: October 22 1884
Notes: 1able

Ariic.le aoout; Aloe barbadensi:s

Rore plantE
Feaiure article

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 flUTHOR{s): Conla n. Eliza beih
'TITLE( 5 ): Jojob s. aloe vera point way to new raw Mater ial
.JoU!~nal
optio ns
ti"tle : CheM ical Marke ting Repor ier
UQlt..1JYl'::: ; 225
Pages : 33+
Date: June 18 .¡ 984
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suppl is5
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J e'{Jr'Tlal t. i. t 1·3 : CheM ical Marke ting Repor ter
225
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Date: SepteM ber 10 1984

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TITLE(E:}: Stabilized 2100 vera: effect on hUMan skin 05115
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WORP.~ING" ._

AUTHOR(s): SMDthers. Don l.

TITLE(s): Aloe vera--the iMportance of processing
j c\ u t- :~ á 1 t i t 1 e : Drug & CQ5M~tic Indusiry
UOlu.IY1e: 132
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Date: j anuary 1 983

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TITLE(s): Aloe Vera: the quest for the curative Missing link
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TiTLE, 5 ): ForMulating C05Metlc3 with Aloe vera
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r1liTHOR ( ~i ) : L~ung, Albert Y.

TITLE( s ): Aloe vera standards should be Meaningful
Jc·urnal tit1e; OruQ & CosMatic Industry
lJolLlr"Ie: 132
Psges: 39+
Date: .] anüar)/ 1983
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TITLE(;; ;.: Alue VerB, the wonderplani
journal :itle: Drug & C05~etlc Industry
UoluMe: 131
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Date: DeCé!"lber '82

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S9T5fT-88
 October 23, 1989 9:47am Page 1
')

File 55:BIOSIS PREVIEWS 81-89/SEP BA8809;RRM3709

(C.BIOSIS 1989)

Record - 1

0020700100 BIOSIS Number: 88099778

PROCESSED ALOE-VERA ADMINISTERED TOPICALLY INHIBITS INFLAMMATION
DAVIS R H; ROSENTHAL K y; CESARlO L R; ROUW G A
PA. COLL. PODIATR. MED., EIGHTH AND RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19107.
J AM PODIATR MED ASSOC 79 (8). 1989. 395-397. CODEN: JAPAE
Language: ENGLISH .
Aloe vera preparations were evaluated for topical anti-inflammatory
activity using the croton oil-induced edema assay. The results show that
small amounts of A. vera given topically will inhibit inflammation induced
by a moderate amount of irritante In general, the decolorized Aloe was more
effective than the colorized Aloe (with anthraguinone). A 47.1% inhibition
of inflammation was obtained by 5% decolorized irradiated Aloe. These
results may be used as a baseline to assess the biologic activity of A.
vera in the treatment of inflammation by podiatric physicians.

Record - 2

0020681979 BIOSIS Number: 37090506

SKIN THERAPEUTIC MIXTURE CONTAINING ALOE VERA EXTRACT US PATENT-4857328.
AUGUST 15 1989
TRENZELUK T
MANVILLE, N.J., USA.
Patent Assignee: TECMA LABORATORIES, INC.
OFF GAZ U S PAT TRADEMARK OFF PAT 1105 (3). 1989. 1792. CODEN: OGUPE
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 3

0020170617 BIOSIS Number: 88082807

TERATOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME COMMONLY USED INDIGENOUS ANTIFERTILITY
PLANTS IN RATS
SETHI N; NATH D; SINGH R K
DIV. TOXICOLOGY, CENTRAL DRUG RES. INST., LUCKNOW-226 001, INDIA.
INT J CRUDE DRUG RES 27 (2). 1989. 119-120. CODEN: IJCRE
Language: ENGLISH
Six extracts of commonly used inalgenous antifertility plants were
screened for teratological abnormalities in failure cases (where pregnancy
was not prevented). The fetuses showed gross remarkable, external
morphological and skeletal defects.

Record - 4

0019640818 BIOSIS Number: 37071384

INACTIVATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS BY ANTHRAQUINONES ISOLATED FROM
PLANTS
SYDISKIS R J; OWEN D G; LOHR J T; ROSLER K H; BLOMSTER R N
UNIV. MARYLAND DENT. PHARM. SCH., BALTIMORE, MD. USA.
67TH GENERAL SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL RESEARCH
(IADR), 6TH MEETING OF THE IADR IRISH DIVISION, 72ND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

Z2{¡;
 ., October 23, 1989 9:47am Page 2

SCANDINAVIAN ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL RESEARCH AND THE 26TH ANNUAL MEETING OF
THE CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN DIVISION OF THE IADR, DUBLIN, IRELAND, JUNE
28-JULY 1, 19890 J DENT RES 68 (SPEC. ISSUE JUNE). 1989. 935. CODEN: J
DREA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 5

0019597687 BIOSIS Number: 88053719

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ALOE-VERA AGAINST A SPECTRUM OF IRRITANTS
DAVIS R H; LEITNER M G; RUSSO J M; BYRNE M E
PENNSYLVANIA COLL. PODIATRIC MED., EIGHTH RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
19107.
J AM PODIATR MED ASSOC 79 (6). 1989. 263-276. CODEN: JAPAE
Language: ENGLISH
The authors have evaluated the spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity of
Aloe vera in a number of models of inflammation in the hind paw of the
experimental rat induced by kaolin, carrageenan, albumin, dextran, gelatin,
and mustard. Croton oil was used in a tropical model of inflammation to
determine the oral activity and time-dependent dosing of A. vera. The
authors found that A. vera was active in all models of inflammation. Of the
various irritants tested, A. vera was especially active against
gelatin-induced and kaolin-induced edema and, in contrast, had minimal
activity when testea against dextran-induced edema. Oral activity of A.
vera was demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of anthraquinones.
The various irritant-induced edema models provided a broad spectrum of
anti-inflammatory activity for A. vera.

Record - 6

0019208115 BIOSIS Number: 87099732

CERVICAL VERSUS INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION OF EWES USING FRESH OR FROZEN
SEMEN DILUTED WITH ALOE VERA GEL
RODRIGUEZ F; BALDASSARRE H; SIMONETTI J; ASTE F; RUTTLE J L
DEP. ANIMAL AND RANGE ser., COLLa AGRIC. AND HOME ECONOMICS, NEW MEXICO
STATE UNIV., LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO 88003.
THERIOGENOLOGY 30 (5). 1988. 843-854. CODEN: THGNB
Language: ENGLISH
This study was conducted at Belen de Escobar, Argentina, in March and
April 1987. Experimental work on synchronization of estrus, deep-freeze
conservation of ram semen and small fertility trials involving cervical and
intrauterine (i.u.) insemination methods was undertaken. A total of 80
Corriedale ewes were used in seven insemination trials. Insemination trials
were grouped into two experimental groups for comparison of lV frozen semen
diluted with an experimental extender and a control diluent inseminated
cervically or i.u. in synchronized/superovulated ewes and 2) cervical
insemination of fresh diluted or frozen semen in ewes inseminated at
natural estrus or in ewes that were synchronized/superovulated. An overall
ovulation rate of 8.7 .+- 0.5 was obtained by using a superovulatory
regimen consisting of 3 mg Norgestomet implants and a total dose of 18 mg
follicle stimulating hormone-pituitary (FSH-P). Numbers of ova recovered
per ewe following superovulation ranged from 4.3 to 5.4. In experimental
Group 1 , fertilization rates improved when laparoscopic intrauterine Al was
used compared with cervical insemination (P < 0.05). Fertility rates of
i.u. and cervical insemination of frozen semen diluted with the
experimental extender showed satisfactory fertilizing capacity. In

¿Le
 ;, October 23, 1989 9:47am Page 3

experimental Group 11, a lower number of fertilized ova were recovered from
ewes inseminated with frozen semen (P < 0.02), irrespective of their estrus
manipulation.

Record - 7

0019174471 BIOSIS Number: 87085737

ALOE-VERA AND GIBBERELLIN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN DIABETES
DAVIS R H; MARO N P
PA. COLL. OF PODIATRIC MED., EIGHTH AT RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
19107.
J AM PODIATR MED ASSOC 79 (1). 1989. 24-26. CODEN: JAPAE
Language: ENGLISH
Aloe vera inhibits inflammation and adjuvant-induced arthritis. The
authors' laboratory has shown that A. vera improves wound healing, which
suggests that it does not act like an adrenal steroid. Diabetic animals
were used in this study because of their poor wound healing and
anti-inflammatory capabilities. The anti-inflammatory activity of A. vera
and gibberellin was measured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by
measuring the inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into a
si te of gelatin-induced inflammation over adose range of 2 to 100 mg/kg.
Both Aloe aná gibberellin similarly inhibited inflammation in a
dose-response manner. These data tena to suggest that gibberellin or a
gibberellin-like suostance is an active anti-inflammatory component in A.
vera.

Record - 8

0019156211 BIOSIS Number: 36078252

NOTES ON THE NATURALIZED FLORA OF QUEENSLAND AUSTRALIA
FORSTER P 1
BOTANY DEP., UNIV. QUEENSLAND, STo LUCIA, QLD 4067.
AUSTROBAILEYA 2 (5). 1988. 573-576. CODEN: AUSTD
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 9

0019107331 BIOSIS Number: 87052058

ENHANCEMENT OF ALLO-RESPONSIVENESS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES BY ACEMANNAN
CARRISYN
WOMBLE D; HELDERMAN J H
RENAL IMMUNOL. LAB., UNIV. TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MED. CENT. AT DALLAS, USA.
INT J IMMUNOPHARMACOL 10 (8). 1988. 967-974. CODEN: IJIMD
Language: ENGLISH
Healing powers have been imputed as being a feature of the gel from the
aloe vera plant for centuries. The recent isolation of the active
ingredient, acemannan, has made of this drug importante Since the drug
appears to enhance monocyte functien in other experiments, these studies
were designed to test the capacity of acemannan to enhance immune response
to alloantigen and te test whether the potential enhancement is a monocyte
arlven phenomenon. Acemannan ala not enhance lymphocyte response to
syngeneic antigens in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) but importantly
increased alloantigenic response in adose-response fashion (2.6 .times.
10-7 2.6 .times. 10-9M). This effect of acemannan was shown to be a
specific response and to concur with concentrations of in vitro acemannan
achievable in vivo. A separate series of mixing experiments demonstrated
 October 23, 1989 9:48am Page 4

that acemannan incubation with monocytes permitted monocyte driven signals

to enhance T-cell response to lectin. It is concluded that acemannan, the
active ingredient of the aloe vera plant, is an important immunoenhancer in
that it increases lymphocyte response to alloantgen. It is suggested that
the mechanism involves enhancement of.monocyte release of IL-I under the
aegis of alloantigen. This mechanism may explain in part the recently
observed capacity of acemannan to abrogate viral infections in animal and
mano

Record - 10

0019079278 BIOSIS Number: 87033414

CERVICAL VERSUS INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION OF EWES USING FRESH OR FROZEN
SEMEN DILUTED WITH ALOE VERA GEL
RODRIGUEZ F; BALDASSARRE H; SIMONETTI J; ASTE F; RUTTLE J L
DEP. ANIMAL RANGE SCI., COLL. AGRIC. HOME ECONOMlCS, NEW MEXICO STATE
UNIV., LAS CRUCES, N. MEXlCO 88003.
THERIOGENOLOGY 30 (5). 1988. 843-854. CODEN: THGNB
Language: ENGLISH
This study was conducted at Belen de Escobar, Argentina, in March ana
April 1987. Experimental work on synchronization of estrus, deep-freeze
conservation of ram semen and small fertility trials involving cervical and
intrauterine (i.u.) insemination methoas was undertaken. A total of 80
Corriedale ewes were used in seven insemination trials. lnsemination trials
were grouped into two experimental groups for comparison of 1) frozen semen
diluted with an experimental extender and a control diluent inseminated
cervically or i.u. in synchronized/superovulated ewes and 2) cervical
insemination of fresh diluted or frozen semen in ewes inseminated at
natural estrus or in ewes that were synchronized/superovulated. An overall
ovulation rate of 8.7 .+-. 0.5 was obtained by using a superovulatory
regimen consisting of 3 mg Norgestomet implants and a total dose of 18 mg
follicle stimulating hormone-pituitary (FSH-P). Numbers of ova recovered
per ewe following superovulation ranged from 4.3 to 5.4. In experimental
Group 1, fertilization rates improved when laparoscopic intrauterine Al was
used compared with cervical insemination (P < 0.05). Fertility rates of
i.u. and cervical insemination of frozen semen diluted with the
experimental extender showed satisfactory fertilizing capacity. In
experimental Group lIT a lower number of fertilized ova were recovered from
ewes inseminated with frozen semen (P < 0.02), irrespective of their estrus
manipulation.

Record - 11

0018692728 BIOSIS Number: 86095203

TWO FUNCTIONALLY AND CHEMICALLY DISTINCT IMMUNOMODULATORY COMPOUNDS IN
THE GEL OF ALOE-VERA
HART L A; VAN ENCKEVORT P H; VAN DIJK H; ZAAT R; DE SILVA K T; LABADIE R
p
DEP. CHEM. PHARMACOL., PHARMACOGNOSY SECT., FAC. PHARMACY, STATE UNIV.
UTRECHT, CATHARIJNESINGEL 60, 3511 GH UTRECRT, NETH.
J ETHNOPHARMACOL 23 (1). 1988. 61-72. CODEN: JOETD
Language: ENGLISH
An aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel was analyzed guided by modulatory
activity with regard to the in vitro activation of human complement and of
human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). Upon ultrafiltration a high
(h-Mr) and a low (l-Mr) molecular mass fraction were obtaíned.

229
 October 23, 1989 9:49am Page 5

Pre-incubation of human pooled serum with the h-Mr fraction resulted in a

depletion of classical and alternative pathway complement activity. In
contrast, only the 1-Mr fraction could inhibit the production of free
oxygen radicals by activated PMNs. The latter activity cannot be attributed
to non-specific effects like toxicity, interference with stimulant binding
or scavenger activity.

Record - 12

0018658510 BIOSIS Number: 35082241

ANALYSIS OF TWO FUNCTIONALLY AND CHEMICALLY DIFFERENT IMMUNE-MODULATORS
FROM ALOE-VERA GEL
T-HART L A; VAN ENCKEVORT P H; LABADIE R P
SECT. PHARMACOGNOSY, PHARM. LAB., STATE UNIV. UTRECHT, NETH~
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON IMMUNOMODULATORS: BIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC
APPLICATIONS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL, APRIL 26-30, 1987. MEM INST OSWALDO
CRUZ RIO J 82 (SGPPL. II). 1987. ABSTRACT 63. CODEN: MIOCA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 13

0018585809 BIOSIS Number: 86042043

IN-VITRO CULTURE OF ALOE-BARBADENSIS MILL. MORPHOGENETIC ABILITY AND
NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT
CASTORENA SANCHEZ I; NATALI L; CAVALLINI A
DEP. BIOLOGIA, PIANT AFRARIE UNIV., PISA, ITALY.
PLANT SCI (SHANNON) 55 (1). 1988. 53-60. CODEN: PLSCE
Language: ENGLISH
In vitro culture oi Aloe barbadensis is. very difficult tor both callus
induction and plant regeneration. By contrast, micropropagation fram shoot
meristems is easl~y achieved. A DNA microdensitometric study was performed
on different organs of A. barbadensis and during in vitro culture of
different explants. It is shown that morphogenetic ability is correlated to
nuclear DNA content in the explant andjor in the callus. In particular,
plant regeneration (or micropropagation) is obtained only from calli (or
from explants) in which the amount of DNA per nucleus falls strictly within
the diploid limits (2C and 4C) of the species.

Record - 14

0018502270 BIOSIS Number: 35002270

ALOE-VERA
KLEIN A D; PENNEYS N S
BOX 016940, MIAMI, FLA. 33101.
J AM ACAD DERMATOL 18 (4 PART ~). 1988. 714-720. CODEN: JAADD
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 15

0018243973 BIOSIS Number: 34126492

THE EFFECT OF CARRISYN ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
MEASEL J; DENHAM D
ARLINGTON CANCER CENT., ARLINGTON, TER. 76012.
72ND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, USA, MAY 1-5, 1988. FASEB (FED AM
SOC EXP BIOL) J 2 (4). 1988. ABSTRACT 2239. CODEN: FAJOE

2$0
 October 23, 1989 9:50am Page 6

Language: ENGL1SH

Record - 16

0018224052 BIOSIS Number: 34117061

EDEMA 1S INH1B1TED BY ALOE VERA
D~VIS R H; LEITNER M G; RUSSO J M; BYRNE M E
PENN. COLLa PODIATR. MED., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19107, USA.
72ND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, USA, MAY 1-5, 1988. FASEB (FED AM
SOC EXP BIOL) J 2 (4). 1988. ABSTRACT 435. CODEN: FAJOE
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 17

0018214856 BIOSIS Number: 85104090

ALOE VERA A NATURAL APPROACH FOR TREATING WOUNDS EDEMA AND PAIN IN
DIABETES
DAVIS R H; LEITNER M G; RUSSO J M
PA. COLLa PODIATRIC MED., EIGHTH RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19107.
J AM PODIATR MED ASSOC 78 (2). 1988. 60-68. CODEN: JAPAE
Language: ENGLISH
In this research project, the authors extrapolate their earlier findings,
and better characterize Aloe vera as a therapeutic alternative for
physicians to cons~aer. They attempt to evaluate A. vera as an effective
treatment for sorne of the rnost critical rnanifestations of diabetes.

Record - 18

0018192111 BIOSIS Number: 85093456

HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF ALOE-BARBADENSIS ALOE FRACTION 1 IN CHOLESTEROL
FED ALBINO RATS 1. LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM
JOSHI S; DIXIT V P
REPROD. PHYSIOL. SECT., DEP. ZOOL., UNIV. RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR-302.004.
PROC NATL ACAD SCI INDIA SECT B (BIOL Scr) 56 (4). 1986. 339-342.
CODEN: PAIBA
Language: ENGLISH
Al. Fr. I feeding (isolated from the leaves of Aloe barbadensis) lowers
serum cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and NEFA in
hyperlipidaemic raLS. While Al. ~·r. 1 significantly increases the
HDL-Cholesterol which is a negative risk factor for atherosclerosis. Marked
increase in HDL-Cholesterol/Total cholesterol ratio and a significant
decrease in total cholesterol/phospholipid ratio is indicative of reaucing
risk in patients suffering trom coronary asteriosclerosis.

Record - 19

0018187520 BIOSIS Number: 85088865

SIALIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR THE POSSIBLE ANDROGZNIC-ANTIANDROGENIC
EFFECTS OF ALOE-BARBADENSIS 50 PERCENT ETHANOL EXTRACT IN MALE DOGS
CANIS-INDICUS
JAIN H C; DIXIT V P
REPRODUCTION PHYSIOL. SECT., ZOOL. DEP., UNIV. RAJASTHAN, JAIPUR-302
004.
PROC NATL ACAD SCI INDIA SECT B (BrOL SCI) 56 (1). 1986. 20-23.
CODEN; PAIBA

2.3f
 October 23, 1989 9:51am Page 7

Language: ENGLISH
Sialic acid depletion test is employed as an alternative parameter for
evaluating the androgenic/anti-androgenic activties of Aloe barbadensis.
Its 50% of EtOH-extract reduces the sialic acid contents of epididymides
and prostate glands in intact dogs. Androgen antagonizing actin of Aloe
(50% EtOH extract) was further evaluated in castrates/castrates treated
with testosterone propionate (TP). Antiandrogenic action of Aloe was
evinced in TP treated and Aloe fed castrated dogs. Antiandrogenic action of
Aloe was evinced in TP treated and Aloe fed castrated dogs. In conclusion,
sialic acid can be used as an androgen dependent parameter in canines.

Record - 20

0018105092 BIOSIS Number: 85050561

TOPICAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ALOE-VERA AS MEASURED BY EAR
SWELLING
DAVIS R H; LEITNER M G; RUSSO J M
PA. COLL. PODIATRIC MED., EIGHTH AT RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19107.
J AM PODIATR MED ASSOC 77 (11). 1987. 610-612. CODEN: JAPAE
Language: ENGLISH
Topical anti-inflammatory activity of A. vera was tested at 0.25%, 1%,
and 5% against croton oil-induced ear swelling over 6 hr. A maximum
percentage oí innibition oí 67.4% was obtained by 1% A. vera. An increase
in dose did not produce a greater response so that the effective
dose-response part OI the biological curve is between 0.25% and 1% A. vera
concentration. Commercial preparations of A. vera need not exceed this
concentration. The authors be~leve that this study provides a major
breakthrough for Aloe and an effective treatment against inflammation for
podiatrists. The authars 1 ear swelling assay is an accurate and sensitive
method of testing the topical activity oi anti-inflammatory agents.

Recard - 21

0018096037 3IOSIS Numoer: 34052555

ANTI-ALLERGIC ACTIVITY OF ALOE COMPONENTS ON RAT MAST CELLS
NAKAGOMI K; YAMAMOTO M; TANAKA ti; MITSUI Y; TOMIZUKA N; ISHIKAWA M; MASUI
T; SUZUKI S; NAKAZAWA ti; FUJITA M
FERM. RES. INST., TSUKUBA, IBARAKI, JPN.
JOINT JAPAN-USA CONGRESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, HONOLULU, HAWAII,
USA, DECEMBER 2-7, 1987. J PHARM SCI 76 (11). 1987. S207. CODEN: JPMSA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 22

0017745059 BIOSIS Number: 84117344

USING AIRBORNE MIDDLE-IR 1.45-2.0 MUM VIDEO IMAGERY FOR DISTINGUISHING
PLANT SPECIES AND SOIL CONDITIONS
EVERITT J ti; ESCOBAR D E; ALANIZ M A; DAVIS M R
U.S. DEP. AGRIC., AGRIC. RES. SERV., REMOTE SENSING RES. UNIT, WESLACO,
TEXAS 78596.
REMOTE SENS ENVIRON 22 (3). 1987. 423-428. CODEN: RSEEA
Language: ENGLISH
This paper describes the use of a black-and-white visible/infrared
(0.4-2.4 .mu.m) sensitive Vloeo camera, filtered to record radiation within
the 1.45-2.0 .mu.m middle-infrared water absorptian regian, for
discriminating among plant species ana soil conditions. The camera provided
 Oetober 23, 1989 9:51am page 8

adequate quality airborne imagery that distinguished the succulent plant

species onions (Allium cepa L.) and aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis MilI.) from
nonsuceulent plant species. Moreover, wet soil, dry crusted soil, and dry
fallow soil eould be differentiated in middle-infrared video images.
Succulent plants, however, could not be distinguished from wet soil ¡ ) r
water. These results show that middle-infrared video imagery has poténtial
use for remote sensing research and applications.

Record - 23

0017721475 BIOSIS Number: 33117073

A STUDY OF POLYSACCHARIDES IN ALOE
WANG S-X; WEN y-y; HU c-x
INST. BOTANY, ACADEMIA SINICA, BEIJING, P.R. CHINA.
XIVTH INTERNATIONAL BOTANICAL CONGRESS, BERLIN, WEST GERMANY, JULY
24-AUGUST 1, 1987. INT BOT CONGR ABSTR 17 (O). 1987. 54. CODEN: AIBCE
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 24

0017714512 BIOSIS Number: 33110110

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE-VERA
DAVIS R ti; LEITNER M G; RUSSO J M; MARO N P
PA. COLL. PODIAT. MED., 8TH AT RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19107, USA.
MED SCI RES 15 (5). 1987. 235-236. CODEN: MSCRE
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 25

0017682021 BIOSIS Number: 84084886

CICATRIZING EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PATENT DRUGS ALOE AND PROPOLIS
SUMANO LOPEZ H; OCAMPO CAMBEROS L; GAYTAN CONTRERAS G; GONZALEZ DE LA
VARA M
DEP. FISIOL. FARMACOL., FAC. MED. VET. ZOOTECNIA, UNIV. NAC. AUTONOMA
MEX., CIUDAD UNIV., 04510 MEXICO, D. F.
VETERINARIA (MEX CITY) 18 (1).1987. 33-38. CODEN: VTERB
Language: SPANISH
Many substances are routinely named as healing-promotors but, to date,
few comparative studies on the subjeet have been made. A eomparative
healing-promotion assessment was earried out among furoxone (group A),
iodine polyvinyl-pirrolidone (group B), mereury-red oxide-borie acid-zabila
(Aloe-vera) mixture (group C), cnioramphenieol (group D),
baeitraein-neomyein-polymixin mixture (group E), bee-propoleum (group F),
zabila extract (group G) and an untreated control group (group ti); using
tensiometric, baeteriologieal and histopathological analysis in 160 rats (8
groups with 20 rats each) having each one a Staphylococcus aureus infeeted
wound. Only groups E and G showed grea~er wound tension values tnan tne
other 6 groups (P < 0.05); but all groups had better wound tension values
than the control group (ti) (P < 0.05). Best epithelial cell regeneration
and collagen density was seen in groups E, F and G and lower bacterial
eontamination was de~ected in groups C, E ana G. 3ecause oi lower baeterial
counts, greater wound-tension, oest scar characteristic aná economical
availability, the zabila extract stand out as the bes~ healing promoter
substance in tnls experimento Next to zablla, groups Cana E showed good
healing-promotion abilities.

Z~3
 October 23, 1989 9:52am Page 9

Record - 26

0017614442 BIOSIS Number: 33062091

THE EFFECTS OF ALOE-VERA ON CUTANEOUS ERYTHEMA AND BLOOD FLOW FOLLOWING
UV-B EXPOSURE
CROWELL J; PENNEYS N
DEP. DERMATOL., UNIV. MIAMI SCH. MED., MIAMI, FLA.
MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY, SAN DIEGO,
CALIFORNIA, USA, MAY 3-6, 1987. CLIN RES 35 (3). 1987. 676A. CODEN: CL
REA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 27

0017606088BIOSIS Number: 84050519

A COMPARISON OF ANTHER TISSUE DEVELOPMENT IN MALE STERILE ALOE-VERA AND
MALE FERTILE ALOE-CILIARIS
KEIJZER C J; CRESTI M
DEP. PLANT CYTOL. MORPEOL., AGRIC. UNIV., ARBORETUMLAAN 4, 6703 BD
WAGENINGEN, NETH.
ANN BOT (LOND) 59 (5). 1987. 533-542. CODEN: ANBOA
Language: ENGLISH
Cytological differences between the anther development of a male sterile
and a male fertile Aloe species are used to explain interactions between
anther tissues. Sorne deviations in the layers of the locule wall and the
microspores ot the male sterile anther are related to each other and their
biological functions are discussed. The cytological development of the male
sterility, which can be observed shortly after meiosis, seems to be
restricted to the locular cavity. The tapetal development and breakdown are
normal, apart from the size of sorne orbicules. However, the pollenkitt is
not transported to the pollen grains, which strongly supports our theory
that this process is mechanically pollen-controlled. The development of the
epidermal and endothecial cells is normal, except in a part of the authors
where these cells do not expand, after which dehiscence is incomplete. The
latter process is discussed in relation to the deviations inside the
locular cavity.

Record - 28

0017604859 BIOSIS Number: 84049290

MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PHYLLOSPHERE OF THE DESERT PLANT ALOE-VERA
L
MAHMOUD S A Z; HAZEM A; EL-SIBAIE M A F; EL-BOROLLOSY M A; EL-KADY A H
DEPT. OF AGRIC. MICROBIOL., FAC. AGRIC., AIN-SHAMS UNIV., EGY?T.
EGYPT J MICROBIOL 21 (2). 1986 (RECD. 1987). 229-238. CODEN: EJMBA
Language: ENGLISH
The phyllosphere microflora, oí the medicinal aesert plant Aloe vera L.
was stUQleó. Extraction of anthroquinone-glycosides ana
anthraquinone-aglycone from the plant leaves was carried out aná their
effectiveness as anti-microbial substances were testea against 6 pathogenic
and nonpathogenic microorganisms. The obtained results indicated that the
phyllosphere microflora varied widely írom summer to winter and on the
upper leaf surface to the lower one. It was also found that anthraquinone
glycosides nave a wider antimicrobial spectrum than anthraquinone-aglycone,
since 4 microorganisms were affected by the former, while only two
microorganisms were affected by the latter.
 October 23, 1989 9:53am Page 10

Record - 29

0017561943 BIOSIS Number: 84028478

ALOE-VERA AND WOUND HEALING
DAVIS R H; KABBANI J M; MARO N P
P~. COLL. PODIATRIC MED., EIGHTH AT RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19107.
J AM PODIATR MED ASSOC 77 (4). 1987. 165-169. CODEN: JAPAE
Language: ENGLISH
The authors present a study of the wound healing effects of Aloe vera.
Special emphasis is given to combined RNA and vitamin C with Aloe because
of their effectiveness against arthritis. Consideration is given to
anthraquinones because tneir influence is not clearly understood. As a
result of the preliminary findings in the study, the authors recommend Aloe
for the treatrnent of wounds.

Record - 30

0017519715 BIOSIS Number: 84007782

THE ROLE OF THROMBOXANE IN EXPERIMENTAL INADVERTENT INTRA-ARTERIAL DRUG
INJECTIONS
ZACHARY L S; SMITH D J JR; HEGGERS J P; ROBSON M C; BOERTMAN J A; NIU
X-T; SCHILERU R E; SACKS R J
DIV. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY, ROMM 4V-23, 4201 STo ANTOINE,
DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48201.
J HAND SURG 12A (2). 1987. 240-245. CODEN: JHSUD
Language: ENGLISH
Inadvertent intra-arterial injection of drugs produces a well-defined
clinical svndrome whose pathophysiology remains unclear. This study was
designed to determine the role of the inflammatory mediator, thromboxane,
in intra-arterial drug injections. The rabbit ear model, as described by
Kinmonth and Sheppard, was used. Five of the experimental groups were
treated with speclrlc or nonspecific thromboxane blocking agents and two
groups served as controis. Immunohistochemical staining of the control ears
showed elevated levels of thromboxane within the first 6 hours postinjury.
The specific thromooxane blocking agents, methimazole and Aloe vera, showed
almost complete blockade of thromooxane production. The percentage of ear
survival was significantly greater in the group treated with topical Aloe
vera (p < 0.05) ana even greater survival was achieved in the combined Aloe
vera/methimazole group (p < 0.01). On tne basis oí these results, we have
begun treatment or such injuries with s~ecific and nonsnecific thromboxane
blocking agents.

Record - 31

0017502964 BIOSIS Number: 33002964

ALOE-VERA AND INFLAMMATION
DAVIS R H; KABBANI J M; MARO N P
DEP. OF PHYSIOL. SeI., PA. COLL. OF PODIATRIC MED' r PHILADELPHIA, PA.
19107.
PROC PA ACAD seI 60 (1). 1986 (RECD. 1987). 67-70. CODEN: PPASA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 32

0017235086 BIOSIS Number: 32120960

2~S-
 October 23, 1989 9:54am Page 11

EVALUATION OF A FLUORIDE-CONTAINING ALOE-VERA TOOTHPASTE ON RAT CARIES

SMITH J; JENSEN M E; JACOBSEN J
CENT. CLIN. STUDIES, COLL. DENT. UNIV. 10WA, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
65TH GENERAL SESSION OF THE 1NTERNATIONAL ASSOCIAT10N FOR DENTAL RESEARCH
AND THE ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL RESEARCH,
CHICAGO, 1LLINOIS, USA, MARCH 11-15, 1987. J DENT RES 66 (SPEC. ISSUE
MAR.). 1987. 302. CODEN: JDREA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 33

0017181573 BIOSIS Number: 83089697

EVALUATION OF ALOE-VERA LEAF EXUDATE AND GEL FOR GASTRIC AND DUODENAL
ANT1-ULCER ACTIVITY
PARMAR N S; TARIO M; AL-YAHYA M A; AGEEL A M; AL-SAID M S
COLL. OF PHARMACY, K1NG SAUD UNIV., P.O. BOX 2457, R1YADH-11451, SAUDI
ARABIA.
F1TOTERAPIA 57 (5). 1986 (RECD. 1987). 380-383. CODEN: FTRPA
Language: ENGL1SH
The leaf exudate and gel of A. vera have been studied for their gastric
and duodenal anti-ulcer activity. The models used included acetylsalicylic
acid, phenylbutazone, reserpine and restraint plus cold stress induced
gastric ulcers and cysteamine hydrochloride induced ulcers in rats. Both
the preparations of A. vera failed to produce a protective effect in any of
the models used. It is therefore concluded that neither the gel nor the
leaf exudate possess gastric or duodenal anti-ulcer activity. However,
these results contradict the observations on the clinical effectiveness of
Aloe gel reported earlier.

Record - 34

0017139411 310S1S Number: 83068461

DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES IN MEXICAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
ZURITA ESQUIVEL M; ZOLLA C
ARGENTINA 1, 62790 XOCHITEPEC, MORELOS, MEXICO.
BOL OF SANIT PANAM 101 (4). 1986. 339-347. CODEN: BOSPA
Language: SPANISH
Between March and May 1983 a survey was designed and aaministered in 200
communities in the 'state of Chiapas, Mexico, to inquire into the
dermatological diseases treated by traditional healers. The purpose oi the
study was twofold: to find interrelationships between traditional and
institutional medicine, and to provide the rural physician with a popular
terminology oi the more common complaints together with information on the
medicinal plants used to treat them. The most frequent complaints were
sarna ti
11 ( infect ions of Acarus scabei or Sarco¡;>tes bominis), granos
11 11

(boils, lumps ano pimples) I IInacidos

ll
(follicular abscesses), lIhinchazoneslf
(phlegmons), IIcancerll (infection refractory to treatment and difficult to
cicatrize), "disipela ll (an infection causeó by Streptococcus erysipelatis),
and IImazamorra/l (tinea pedis). The leading accidents were wounds and burns,
which agrees with the eploemiological data acquired by institutional
medicine. In the popular idiom, sorne concepts are expressed in traditional
medicine by the same terms as in institutional medicine and others by
different terms, and the terms used indicate that sorne syndromes are
characteristic of a given region or ethnic group. Prominent among the 249
plants used for the treatment of dermatological conditions were the IIsosa ll

(Solanum spp.), lIarnicall (Hetherotheca inuloides), the leaf oi the Hcancerll

 October 23, 1989 9:55am page 12

(Oenothera rosea), "malva" (Malva parviflora), "sabila" (Aloe barbadensis),

and Ilsanalotodoll (Kalanchoe pinnata), which are extensively used elsewhere
in the country as well. These findings confirm the wealth of the medicinal
flora in use in the region and the importance of traditional medicine ror
the treatment of dermatological d~seases. It is concluded that traditional
medicine can become a practical means for the detection and treatment of
ess~ntial health problems, and that chemical-pharmacological research must
be done on the medicinal plants used by the traditional healers not only
because of their economic importance for developing countries, but also for
their cultural acceptability.

Record - 35

0017131777 BIOSIS Number: 32070894

THE FIRST NATURALLY OCCURRING ESTERS IN ALOIN-TYPE GLYCOSYLS
RAUWALD H-W; DIEMER J
INST. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOL., UNIV. FRANKFURT, GEORG-VOIGT-STRASSE 16,
D-6000 FRANKFURT/M.
34TH ANNUAL CONGRESS ON MEDICINA~ PLANT RESEARCH, HAMBURG, WEST GERMANY,
SEPTEMBER 22-27, 1986. PLANTA MED O (6). 1986 (RECD. 1987). 530.
CODEN: PLMEA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 36

0016675430 BIOSIS Number: 82086460

PATHOGENICITY OF SCUTELLONEMA-BRACHYURUM TO ALOE-VERA
ESSER R P; RIHERD e C; HARKCOM K J
FLA. DEP. AGRIC. CONSUMER SERV., DIV. PLANT IND., P.O. BOX 1269,
GAINESVILLE, FLA. 32602, USA.
NEMATROPICA 16 (1). 1986. 64-72. CODEN: NMTPA
Language: 2NGLISH
In this stuáy, S. brachyurum populations flourished on Aloe until many
tertiary roo~s ~ere destroyed, at which time the population declined. The
reduction of wet weights in Aloe vera in the presence of S. brachyurum is
more economically meaningful than the dry weight reduction since the thick,
succulent leaves containing a liguid mea~cinal product constitute the
economic resource of the planto Fifteen genera of phytoparasitic nematodes
were found associated with 151 Aloe spp. collected since (1983).
Scutellonema spp. was most prevalent, occurring in 76% oi the samples,
followed by Meloidogyne spp. in 32%, and Criconemoides spp. in 26% of the
samples.

Record - 37

0016617115 BIOSIS Number: 82057085

EVALUATION OF THE HUMECTANT PROPERTIES OF ALOE-PERRYI
ERAZO S; LEMUS 1; GARCIA R
DEP. CIENCIA BASTCAS FARMACEUTICAS, UNIV. CHILE, VICUNA MACKENNA 29,
CASILLA 233, SANTIAGO, CHILl.
PLANT MED PHYTOTHER 19 (4). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 240-241. CODEN: PLMPA
Language: FRENCE
Evalua"'tion or -the humect:ant properties in a group or female volunteers
was made with characterization oi the gel contained in the leaves of the
Aloe perryi Baker species. The resuits was compared with the Aloe
barbadensis Miller gel (Aloe vera Line) .

237
 October 23, 1989 9:56am Page 13

Record - 38

0016587613 BIOSIS Number: 31047345

FOLK MEDICINE REMEDIES IN WOUND HEALING
GRAHAM S P "
P~ILLIPS ACAD., ANDOVER, MASS.
FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION FOR
CLINICAL RESEARCH, WASHINGTON, D.C., USA, MAY 2-5, 1986. CLIN RES 34 (2).
1986. 400A. CODEN: CLREA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 39

0016542920 BIOSIS Number: 31023336

METHOD OF REDUCING SKIN IRRITATION FROM BENZOYL PEROXIDE US
PATENT-4593046. JUNE 3 1986
GRUBER M
19 LAUREL DR., GREAT NECK, N.Y. 11021, USA.
OFF GAZ U S PAT TRADEMARK OFF PAT 1067 (1). 1986. 320. CODEN: OGUPE
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 40

0016502402 BIOSIS Number: 31002402

TREATMENT OF HERPES as PATENT-4585656. APRIL 29 1986
ROSENTHAL n R; BERT L
4 LAUREL PL., EASTCHESTER, N.Y. 10709, USA.
OFF GAZ U S PAT TRADE~1ARK OFF PAT 1065 (5). 1986. 2394. CODEN: OGUPE
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 41

0016213562 BIOSIS Number: 81104862

ANTIARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF ANTHRAQUINONES FOUND IN ALOE FOR PODIATRIC
MEDICINE
DAVIS R H; AGNEW P S; SHAPIRO E
PA. COLLa PODIATR. MED., EIGHTH AT RACE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19107.
J AM PODIATR MED ASSOC 76 (2). 1986. 61-66. CODEN: JAPAE
Language: ENGLISH
Rheumatoid arthritis is a painful and crippling systemic disease tor
which there is no cure. The best experimental model for studying rheumatoid
arthritis in humans is the adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. One of the
group of compounds fauna in aloe is the anthraquinones. These substances
have been recognized for their use in veterinary meQ~cine against
inflammation. The authors evaluate the anti-inflammatory ana antiarthritic
activity oí anthraquinone, anthracene, cinnamic acid, and anthranilic acid
round in the Aloe vera plant, ana show what contribution each ingreaient
makes toward the total activity found in aloe.

Record - 42

0016189979 BIOSIS Number: 30092059

ALOE VERA FICTION OR FACT
NATOW A J
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER, SKIN AND CANCER UNIT, NEW YORK, NEW
 October 23, 1989 9:56am page 14

YORK.
CUTIS 37 (2). 1986. 106, 108. CODEN: CUTIB
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 43

0016021701 BIOSIS Number: 30011909

MUTAGENIC AND ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITIES IN PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL AND FOOD
PLANTS
LIM-SYLIANCO C Y; SHIER W T
DEP. CHEM., UNIV. PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES.
J TOXICOL TOXIN REV 4 (1). 1985. 71-105. CODEN: JTTRD
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 44

0016017588 BIOSIS Number: 81007046

A STUDY ON TriE CRUDE ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS USED IN ARABIAN FOLK MEDICINE
MOSSA J S
DEP. PHARMACOGNOSY, COLLEGE PHARMACY, P.O. BOX 2457, KING SAUD UNIV. ,
RIYADH 11451, SAUDI ARABIA.
INT J CRUDE DRUG RES 23 (3). 1985. 137-145. CODEN: IJCRE
Language: ENGLISH
A survey of different regions of Saudi Arabia revealed that a large
number of herbal arugs are used for the treatment oi diabetes in the
traditional medicine of this country. Twelve of these antidiabetic plants
were collected and identified. The literature was surveyed to find
distribution, chemical constituents and othe medicinal uses of these
plants. Studies for antidiabetic activity in alloxanized mice in our
laboratory showed that out of 12 plants, three plants (Teucrium
oliverianum, Hammada salicornica and Allium cepa) possess significant oral
hypoglycemic (25% to 38%) activity; three plants (Artemisia abyssinica,
Azadirachta indica and Loranthus curviflorus) showed moderate (11% to 23%)
activity. Five plants (Rhazya stricta, Momordica charantia, Aloe vera,
Allium sativum and Coriandrum sativum) were found to possess no significant
activity. One plant (Moringa oleifera) rather increased the blood glucose
(15%) in diabetic mice.

Record - 45

0016017371 BIOSIS Number: 81006829

PREVENTIGN OF ATHEROMATOUS HEART DISEASE
AGARWAL O P
482, SAHUKARA, BAREILLY-243 001 UP, INDIA.
ANGIOLOGY 36 (8). 1985. 485-492. eGDEN: ANGlA
Language: 2NGLIS~
Five thousand patients oi atheromatous heart QlSeaSe, presented as angina
pectoris, were studied over a period of five years. Aiter adding the husk
or isabgol and Aloe ve~a (an indigenous piant known as
ghee-guar-ka-paththa) to the Qle~. a marked reduction in total serum
cholesterol, serum triqlycerides, fas~ing aná post parandial blood sugar
level in diabeLic patients, total lipíds and also increase in HDL were
noteá. Simultaneously the c~lnical profile of these patients showeá
reduction in the frequency oi anginal attacKs and gradually~ the drugs,
like verapaml~, nifedipine, beta-blockers and nitrates, were tapered. The
patients, most benefitted, were diabetics (without adding any antidiabetic

2..~cr
 Oetober 23, 1989 9:57am Page 15

drug). The exact mechanism of the action of the above two substances is not
known, but it appears, that probably they act by their high fiber contents.
Both these substances need further evaluation. The most interesting aspect
of the study was that no untoward side effect was noted and all the five
thousand patients are surviving till date.

Record - 46

0015664756 BIOSIS Number: 80079957

A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN ALOE COMPONENTS EFFECTS ON MAST CELL
DEGRANULATION AND PLATELET AGGREGATION
NAKAGOMI K; OKA S; TOMIZUKA N; YAMAMOTO M; MASUI T; NAKAZAWA ti
SHIZUOKA PREFECTURAL INST. PUBLIC HEALTH ENVIRON. SCI., SHIZUOKA, JAPAN.
REP FERMENT RES INST (YATABE) O (63). 1985. 23-30. CODEN: KGBKB
Language: JAPANESE
Aloenin, barbaloin aná 7 aloe extracts were examined for their effects on
isolated rat mast cell degranulation (by measuring histamine release) ana
poreine platelet aggregation. None of these eaused platelet aggregation or
inhibited the agregation induced by ADP or collagen. They also had no
aetivities to release histamine from mast eells. Inhibitory aetivities on
histarnine release from mast cells indueed by compound 48/80
[4-methoxy-N-methylbenzeneethanamine-formaldehyde produet] however, were
found in all the samples tested. Regarding the aloe powder extraets, Aloe
ferox Mili, and A. pulverate (3P) were found to have the strongest
inhibitory activities, followed by A. vera Tourn., a. arobreseens MilI., A.
saponaria Haw. and A. africana MilI. Barbaloin had mueh stronger inhibitory
aetivity eompared to aloenin for effects on histamine release from mast
cells. When compound 48/80 was used as an indueer of histarnine release at
the eoncentration of 1 .mu.g/ml and 2 .mu.g/ml, median inhibitary dese of
barbaloin was .apprx. 40 .mu.gjml ana 400 .mu.gml, respectively. Thus, a
novel biologieal actívity of barbaloin and aloe extraets was faund tor
their inhibitory effects on histamine release from mast cells, suggesting
their usefulness as anti-inflammatory substanees in vivo.

Record - 47

0015093629 BIOSIS Number: 28047794

THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OH SEVERAL CHINESE MEDICAL HERBS
LEE M H; CREN F-C
DEP. AGRICULTüRAL CHEMISTRY, NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIV., TAIPEI, TAIWAN.
FORMOSAN scr 38 (li. 1984. 49-74. CODEN: TKHSA
Language: CHINESE

Record - 48

0014358760 BIOSIS Number: 78095240

PHOTOSYNTHETIC EL2CTRON TRANSPORT IN GUARD CELLS OF DIVERSE SPECIES
MARTIN G E 11; OUTLAW W H JR; ANDERSON L C; JACKSON S G
BIOL. UNIT 1, FLA. STATE UNrV. ~ TALLAHASSEE, FLA. 32306.
PLANT PHYSIOL (BETHESDA) 75 (2). 1984. 336-337. CODEN: PLPHA
Language: ENGLISH
Guard eells oi plants representing 18 spp. [Aloe vera, Begonia langeana,
Brassica oleracea, Chrysanthemum hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus,
Dichanthelium ovale, Dryopteris ludeviciana, Kalanehoe fedtsehenkoi,
Lactuca sativa, Oxalis bowiei, Platycerium bifurcatum, Portulaea oleracea,
Saintpaulia ionantha, Salvia sp., Tradescantia ohiensis, Vicia faba, Zea
 October 23, 1989 9:58am Page 16

diploperennis, Dieffenbachia picta] were assayed qualitatively for

potential to conduct photosynthetic linear electron transporto These plants
included C3 pteridophytes, C3 and C4 monocots, and C3, C4, and Crassulacean
acid metabolism dicots. By use of a microfluorospectrophotometer, guard
cell samples in epidermal peels wer~ isolated optically. Chlorophyll
fluorescence was monitored from the onset of excitation light. For guard
cells of all these species, fluorescence intensity increased during
illumination. When samoles were preincubated with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,
1-dimethylurea, a~uron, however, there was a more rapid increase in
fluorescence. These results indicate that all tested guard cells conduct
photosynthetic electron transport through the reaction center of
photosystem 11.

Record - 49

0014342285 BIOSIS Number: 78078765

CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY SACCHARIDES OF ALOE-BARBADENSIS 3. STRUCTURE OF
AN ACIDIC OLIGO SACCHARIDE
MANDAL G; GHOSH R; DAS A
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY, CALCUTTA 700 032.
INDIAN J CHEM SECT B ORG CHEM INCL MED CHEM 22 (9). 1983 (RECD. 1984).
890-893. CODEN: IJSBD
Language: ENGLISH
Controlled hydrolysis of the purified pectic acid of A. barbadensis
Miller furnishes an acidic oligosaccharide containing Gal A and Gal in the
molar ratio of 5:1. Its methylation analysis shows that Gal A residues are
(1 .fwdarw. 4)-linked and the Gal unit is glycosidically linked to 0-3 of
one of the Gal A residues other than the non-reducing unit.

Record - 50

0014285437 BIOSIS Number: 78021917

EFFECT OF ALOE-BARBADENSIS AND CLOFIBRATE ON SERUM LIPIDS IN TRI TON
INDUCED HYPER LIPIDEMIA IN PRESBYTIS-ENTELLUS-ENTELLUS MONKEYS
DIXIT V ?; JOSHI S
UNIV. RAJASTEAN, JAIPUR 302004.
INDIAN J MED RES 78 (SEPTEMBER). 1983 (RECD. 1984). 417-421. CODEN:
IJMRA
Language: ENGLISH
The effect of the aqueous extract of A. barbaaensis and clofibrate was
studied in Triton (WR-1339) induced hyperlipidemia in Presbytis monkey. A.
barbadensis lowered the total cholesterol by 61.7% triglyceride by 37.8%,
phospholipid by 51.2% and nonesterified free fatty acid by 45.5% (P <
0.001). Clofibrate lowered total cholesterol by 47.6% triglyceride by 50%
phospholipid by 41.7% aná non-esterified free fatty acid by 23% (P <
0.001). A significant fall was noticed in both LDL [low density
lipoproteinj cholesterol (79%) and VLDL [very low density lipoprotein]
cholesterol (37.5%) in A. barbadensis fea Presbytis monkeys.
HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in A. barbadensis red monkeys was
significantly higher at all intervals in comparison to their initial
values.

Record - 51

0014039589 BIOSIS Number: 26039589

DESCRIPTION OF A PROJECT ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN THE CAPE-VERDE

z VI
 October 23, 1989 9:59am Page 17

ISLANDS
SPATZ J
WILHELMSAUE 13, 1000 BERLIN 31.
1ST SYMPOSIUM ON FAUNA AND FLORA OF THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, FRANKFURT
A.M., MAY 15, 1982. COUR FORSCHUNGSINST SENCKENB O (52). 1982. 283-284.
CODEN: CFSED
Language: GERMAN

Record - 52

0013255693 BIOSIS Number: 76013185

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CERTAIN VEDANASTHAPANA ANALGESIC DRUGS
GUPTA R A; SINGH B N; SINGH R N
DRAVYA GUN, RISHIKUL COVT. AY. COLL. HARDUAR U. P.
J SCI RES PLANTS MED 2C"Ks KB C Pn Z6N2) .. 110-112. CODEN: JSRMD
Language: ENGLISH
The analgesic activity of Sirsa (Albizzia lebbek), Elua (juice extract of
leaves of Aloe barbadensis) and Mocharas (guro of Salmalia molabarica) was
studied. The different extracts were injected in groups of albino rats.
Elua and Mocharas possess more analgesic activity than Sirsa but less than
Novalgin.

Record - 53

0013117051 BIOSIS Number: 25042051

7 HYDROXY ALOIN TriE LEADING SUBSTANCE FROM ALOE-BARBADENSIS IN TEE
EUROPEAN PHARMACOLOGIA
RAUWALD H-W; VOETIG R
INST. PHARMAKOGN. PHYTOCHEMIE FREIEN UNIV. BERLIN, KOENIGIN-LUISE-STR.
2-4, 1000 BERLIN 33.
ARCE PHARM (WEINHEIM) 315 (5). 1982. 477-478. CODEN: ARPMA
Language: G2RMAN

Record - 54

0013079965 BIOSIS Number: 25004965

ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI SOFT ROT OF ALOE VERA ALOE-BARBADENSE-VAR-VERA
MULREAN E N; SUSLOW T V
COTTON RES. CENT., PHOENIX, ARIZ.
74TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, SALT LAKE
CITY, UTAH, USA, AUG. 8-12, 1982. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 72 (7). 1982. 992.
CODEN: PHYTA
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 55

0013016538 BIOSIS Number: 24016538

THE ALOIN CONTENT OF LOCAL ALOE-SPP
JANSZ E R; SILVA V; RATNAYAKE D
NAT. PROD. SECT., CEYLON INST. scr. INDUSTRIAL RES., P.O. BOX 787,
COLOMBO 7, SRI LANKA.
J NATL seI COUNC SRI LANKA 9 (1). 1981 (RECD. 1982). 107-110.
CODEN: JNSCB
Language: ENGLISE

Record - 56
 October 23, 1989 9:59am page 18

0012'250722 BIOSIS Number: 74023202

DIFFERENTIAL STAINING OF KINETOCHORES IN THE SOMATIC METAPHASE
CHROMOSOMES OF ALLIUM-CEPA BY A SIMPLE ACETO ORCEIN TECHNIQUE
DAS T K; BHANJA P
CYTOGENETICS SECTION, DEP. OF BOTANY, BURDWAN UNIV., BURDWAN-713104,
W • B • -' I ND 1 A .
CARYOLOGIA 34 (3). 1981 (RECD. 1982). 297-300. CODEN: CARYA
Language: ENGLISH
Without any elabora~e post-fixation treatment, dot-like kinetochores in
the somatic metaphase chromosomes of A. cepa were stained differentially
with 2% aceto-orcein after storage of the air-dried squashes of
colchicine-treated and acetic-ethanol-fixed root meristems tor an optimum
period of 3-4 wk. Similar results were obtained for Aloe vera, Rhoeo
spathacea and Tradescantia virginiana chromosomes. The probable mechanism
of this differential stainability was discussed.

Record - 57

0012233501 BIOSIS Number: 74005981

EPIDERMAL STUDIES ON SUCCULENTS 1. MONOCOTYLEDONS
GOPAL V; JANARDEANAN K; LAKSHMANAN K K
DEP. BOT., MADRAS ~RIV. POSTGRAD. CENT., COIMBATORE-641041.
ACTA BOT INDICA 9 (2). 1981 (RECD. 1982). 297-304. CODEN: ABOlB
Language: ENGLISE
Epidermal struc~ure and histochemistry of 5 succulent monoco~ plants
[Aloe vera L., Sanseviería roxourghiana, Schult., Agave vera-cruz MilI and
Furcraea giqantea Vento and Tradescantia sp.] were studied. Except for
Tradescantia sp., tne ether 4 plants snow similarities in several epidermal
characters, i.e. Ip~esence of a thick cuticle, sunken stomata, low stomatal
frequency and mostlv closed stomata during the day. Tradescantia sp.
exhibits a thin cuticle, normal position of the guard cells, high stomatal
frequency ano mostly o~en stomata during the day. Most of the epidermal
cell types have a 9reponderance of lipids over starch, protein and
insoluble polysaccharides. Stomatal structure, position of guard cells in
relation to other epidermal cells, stomatal orientation, distribution and
frequency on both tne surfaces in different parts of the mature leaves were
investigated.

Record - 58

0011255586 BIOSIS Number: 72040570

EFFECTS OF ALOE EXTRACTS ON HUMAN NORMAL AND TUMOR CELLS IN-VITRO
WINTERS W D; BENAVIDES R; CLOUSE W J
DEP. MICROBIOL., UNIV. TEX. HEALTH seI. CENT., SAN ANTONIO, TX. 78284.
ECON BOT 35 (1). 1981. 89-95. CODEN: ECBOA
Language: ENGLISH
Fractions of leaf extracts froID 2 local types, labeled Aloe vera
(subsequently :Ldentified as A. barbadensis MilI, and A. saoonaria Haw. ) ,
were prepared by differential centrifugation and tested by in vitro assays
ter the p~esence of lectin-like activities and tor effects en the
attachmen~ and growth of human normal anó tumor cells. Practions of
extracts of rresn leaves and commercially stabilizea A. vera gel hao high
levels of iec~in-~~Ke substances measurea by immunodiffusíon and
nemagglu~ina~lon assays. Substances in fluid fractiens from both fresh Ieaf
sources markedly promoted attachment ano grow~n of human normal, but not

2 '1J
 Oetober 23, 1989 10:00am Page 19

tumor, cells and enhaneed healing of wounded cell monolayers. Fractions of

stabilized A. vera gel were equally cytotoxie for human normal and tumor
eells in vitro. The observed growth promotion and wound healing effeets of
aloe substanees in vitro may be analogous to what has been observed in vivo
during healing of wounds and burns.

Record - 59

0011213520 BIOSIS Number: 71083512

STRUCTURE OF THE GLUCO MANNAN ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF
ALOE-BARBADENSIS
MANDAL G; DAS A
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, JADAVPUR UNIV., CALCUTTA-700032, INDIA.
CARBOHYDR RES 87 (2), 1980 (RECD. 1981). 249-256. CODEN: CRBRA
Language: ENGLISH
The polysaccharide mixture obtained by hot-water extraction of A.
barbadensis pulp was fraetionated by stepwise treatment with CaC12 solution
ana Fenling soiution. This yielded apure glucomannan fraction containing
glucose ana mannose in the molar ratio of 1:22. Methylation analysis of the
glucomannan furnished 2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,3,6-tri- and 2,3-di-O-methylmannose
and 2,3,6-tri-O-methylglucose in the molar ratios oí 1.3:18.3:1.2:1.0.
The glucomannan reduced 1 M equivalent of periodate per hexosyl residue and
no monosaccharide survived the oxidation. Smith degradation furníshed
mainly erythritol and a trace of glycerol. A structure was assigned to the
repeating uniL or the glucomannan. The number-average, molecular weíght
(.hivin.Mn) of the permethylated glucomannan was 1.5 .times. 104.

Record - 60

0011213015 BIOSIS Number: 71083007

THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ALOE-VERA CREAM DERMAIDE ALOE IN THERMAL
INJURIES 2 CASES
CERA L M; HEGGERS J P; ROBSON M C; HAGSTROM W J
UNIV. CHIC. HOSP. CLIN., 950 EAST 59TH ST., CHICAGO, ILL. 60637, USA.
J AM ANIM HOSP ASSOC 16 (5). 1980. 768-172. CODEN: JAAHB
Language: ENGLISH
It is generally accepted that in the canine species with a 50% or more
partial or full thickness burn over the body surface area (BSA), reeovery
is remote ann euthanasia i8 recommenaeá. IWO case histories where a
ther a geutic modality vs. an Aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) and tablets,
reversed the dermal ischemia of burns due to prostaglandins and abrogated a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in animals with over a 35% burn.
Bacteriological and immunohistochemical data confirms the bactericidal and
antiprostaglandin effec~ of Aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) and
substantiates its efficacy in the managemenL and treatment of thermal
injuries in the canine species.

Record - 61

0011203683 BIOSIS Number: 71073615

CYTO GENZTICAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO SOME GARDEN ORNAMENTAL S 2. THE GENUS
ALOE
VIJ S P: SHARMA M; TOOR 1 S
DEP. OF BOTANY, PANJAB UNIV., CEANDIGARH-160014, INDIA.
CYTOLOGIA (TOKYO) 45 (3). 1980 (RECD. 1981). 515-b32. CODEN: CYTOA
Language: ENGLISH
 October 23, 1989 10:01am page 20

Sixteen taxa belonging to 10 spp. of Aloe were investigated. Most of

these species exist only as diploids. A. arborescens was tetraploid,
whereas, both diploid and tetraploid individuals were studied in A.
arborescens varo natalensis, A. latifolia and A. vera. Apart from unreduced
gametes and hybridization, the origin of polyploidy in the genus is
attributed also to mitotic system. Split metaphases/anaphases and/or
nbn~orientation and ultimate exclusion of sorne of the chromosomes accounts
for aneusomatic cells (2n = 9, lO, 11, 12) in A. aristata. Non-disjunction
leading to unequal ana9hases explains such cells in A. humilis (2n = 13,
15) and A. vera (2n = 15). Somatic pairing as observed in A. ferox may also
result in such unequal segregations. While aneusomatic cells were observed
in gametic tissues or A. vera, their absence in the meiotic tissueof A.
aristata and A. humilis indicates that these cells are not selected in the
germ lineo The different species studied exhibited gross similarity in the
morphology of their bimodal karyotype, but differed in their total
chromatin length, F% aná S% ratios. Satellites were observed on the long
arm of large chromosomes in A. arborescens varo natalensis, A. ferox and A.
vera. In A. saponaria only 1 chromosome of a long pair had a satellite. The
hybrid nature of tne polyploid taxa in A. latifolia and A. vera is
apparent, on the basis of their karyotypes. In A. arborescens, polyploidy
explains meiotic abnormalities; structural heterozygosity accounts for such
aberrations in A. africana, A. ferox, A. transvaalensis and A. vera (2x).

Record - 62

0011199344 BIOSIS Number: 71069336

STRUCTURE OF THE D GALACTAN ISOLATED FROM ALOE-BARBADENSIS
MANDAL G; DAS A
DEP. CREM., JADAVPUR UNIV., CALCUTTA 700032, INDIA.
CARBORYDR RES 86 (2). 1980. 247-258. CODEN: CRBRA
Language: ENG~ISH
Rot-water extraction of the pulp obtaineá by dehydrating the jelly of the
fleshy leaves ot A. barbadensis rurnished a mixture or polysaccharides
containing mainly pec~ic acid, along with a D-galactan, a glucomannan, aná
an arabinan. The pectic acio was partly removed by treatment with CaG12,
and the resulting hexose-enriched, polysaccharide mixture was fractionated
through a column of DEAE-cellulose to yield a D-galactan containing
D-galactose (92.9%) and D-galacturonic acid (3.8%). Eyárolysis oi the
permethylated D-galactan furnisheo 2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,3,6-~ri- ano
2,3-di-O-methylgalactose in the molar ratios or 1:26:1. On perioáate
oxidation, the D-galactan reduced 0.95 M equivalent or the oxidant per
hexosyl residue, ana liberated 1 M equivalent of formic acid per 26
galactosyl residues. Smith degradation of the D-galactan afforded mainly
threitol. From these results, a structure has oeen assigned to the
repeating unit of the D-galactan. 7he number-average, MW of the
peracetylated galactan was 3.74 .times. 104.

Record - 63

0011137237 BIOSIS Number: 71007229

HYPER SENSITIVITY TO ALOE
MORROW D M; RAPAPORT M J; STRICK R A
DIV. DERMATOL., UCLA HOSP., LOS ANGELES, CA. 90024.
ARCH DERMATOL 116 (9). 1980. 1064-1065. GODEN: ARDEA
Language: ENGLISH
Hypersensitivity, manirested by generalized nummular eczematous and

2 <{S
 October 23, 1989 10:02am Page 21

papular dermatitis, and presumably by contact urticaria, developed in a 47

yr old man after 4 yr of using oral ano topical aloe [Aloe vera]. Patch
tests for aloe were positive in this patient.

Record - 64

0011017966 BIOSIS Numbe~: 20017966

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN HEALTH CARE
SAYED M D
DEP. PHARMACOGN., CAIRO UNIV., CAIRO, EGYPT.
JOINT ISTITUTO ITALO-AFRICANO/WHO MEETING ON RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN
TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ROME, ITALY, APRIL
2-6, 1979. PART 1: A WORLD SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBS. J
ETHNO-PHARMACOL 2 (1). 1980. 19-22. CODEN: JOETD
Language: ENGLISH
 October 20, 1989 9:05am Page 1

File 76:LIFE SCIENCES COLLECTION -78-89/JUL

(Copr. Cambridge Scientific Abs.)

3/7/8 (Item 1 from file: 76)

1320442 82001937701
Enhancement of allo-responsiveness of human lymphocytes by acemannan
(carrisynTM ).
Womble, D.; Helderman, J.H.
Renal Immunol .. Lab., Univ. Texas Southwestern Med. Cent., DalIas, TX
75235, USA
INT. J. IMMUNOPHARMACOL.; 10(8), pp. 967-974 1988
Language: English Summary Language: English
Document Type: Journal article-original research
Subfile: 06 Immunology Abstracts
Healing powers have been imputed as being a feature of the gel fram the
aloe vera plant for centuries. The recent isolatian of the active
ingredient, acemannan, has made testing of this drug importante Since the
drug appears to enhance monocyte function in other experiments, these
studies were designed to test the capacity of acemannan to enhance immune
response to alloantigen and to test whether the potential enhancement is a
monocyte driven phenomenon. It is suggested that the mechanism involves
enhancement of monacyte release of IL-I under the aegis of alloantigen.
This mechanism may explain in part the recently observed capacity of
acemannan to abrogate viral infections in animal and mano

3/7/9 (Item 2 from file: 76)

1126516 82001516028
Aloe emodin and other anthraquinones and anthraquinone-like compounds
from plants virucidal against herpes simplex viruses.
US el. 424/195 .. 1; Int. Cl. A61K 35/78, 31/12.
Sydiskis, R.J.; Owen, D.G.
607 Southwarke Rd., Bel Air, MD 21014, USA
Publ: Publ by: , 1987, US Patent 4,670,265 1987
Language: English
Document Type: Patent
Subfile: 01 Microbiology Abstracts A Industrial and Applied Microbiology
A method is described of treating type 1 or type 2 herpes simplex virus
comprising the successive steps of topically applying to the virus-affected
areas of a person suffering from said virus, a topically effective amount
of an anthraquinone-containing plant extract, said extract obtained from
the group consisting of the gel, sap or leaves of Aloe vera, the bar k of
Rhamnus frangula the bark of Phramnus purshiana , the leaves of Cassia
angustifolia and the rhizomes of Rheum rhaponticum ; and repeating said
topical application as required until the desired anti-viral effect is
observed.

2'17
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File 311:CA SEARCH 1982-86

(Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chero. Soc.)
File 312:CA SEARCH 1987-1989 (UD=11116)
(Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.)

Record - 1

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

105222770 CA: 105(25)222770b JOURNAL
Antibacterial activity of phenolic and nonphenolic fractions on sorne
Indian medicinal Dlants
AUTHOR(S): Patei, R. B.; Gandhi, T. P.; Chakravarthy, B.' K.~ Patel, R.
J.; Pundarikakshudu, K.; Dhyani, H. K.
LOCATION: Cadila Lab. Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, 380 008, India
JOURNAL: Indian Drugs DATE: 1986 VOLUME: 23 NUMBER: 11 PAGES: 595-7
CODEN: INDRBA ISSN: OOl9-462X LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CAll1001 Plant Biochemistry
CA110XXX Microbial Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: antibiotic activity plant phen +k Z([6ium antibiotic
constituent, Bougainvillea antibiotic constituent
DESCRIPTORS:
Antibiotics ... Phenols,biological studies ...
from medicinal plants of India, antibacterial activity of
Aloe vera ... Bougainvillea spectabilis ... Garlic ... Leptadenia reticulata ..

phenolic and nonpnenolic constituents of, antibacterial activity oí

Bacteria,gram-neg .... Bacteria,gram-pos ....
susceptibiJity oÍ, to phenolic and nonphenolic constituents oí
medicinal plants of India

Record - 2

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

105102578 CA: 105(12)102578y PATZNT
Aloe drugs
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Wirth, Wolfgang
LOCATION: Fed. Rep. Ger.
PATENT: Germany Offen. DE 3447572 Al DATE: 860703
APPLICATION: DE 3447572 (841222)
PAGES: 26 pp. CODEN: GWXXBX LANGUAGE: German CLASS: A61K-035/78A
SECTION:
CA263004 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe drug immunostimulant regenerative, eye disease aloe
drug
DESCRIPTORS:
Immune adjuvants., .
aloe exts.
Aloe ...
ext., pharmaGeutical, for eye disease treatment: and as immunostimulant
Aloe barbadensis ...
pharmaceutical ext. froID
Eye,disease or disorder ...
treatment of, with aloe ext.
 October 25, 1989 8:23am page 2

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:

1415-73-2 11006-91-0 30861-27-9 pharmaceutical aloe ext. contg.

Record - 3

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soco»

105090631 CA: 105(ll)90631v JOURNAL
The aloe vera phenomenon: a review of the properties and modern uses of
the leaf parenchyrna gel
AUTHOR(S): Grindlay, Douglas; Reynolds, T.
LOCATION: Jodrell Lab., R. Boto Gardens, Richmond/Surrey, UK,
JOURNAL: J. Ethnopharmacol. DATE: 1986 VOLUME: 16 NUMBER: 2-3 PAGES:
117-51 CODEN: JOETD7 ISSN: 0378-8741 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA101000 Pharmacology
IDENTIFIERS: review Aloe leaf gel clin use
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe vera ...
gel fram leaf of, properties and clin. uses of

Record - 4

<DIALOG File 311: (Capr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

105057962 CA: 105(7)57962f JOURNAL
Chemotaxanomical study on aloe species
AUTHOR(S): Ton, Chung Ae; Jung, Eun Sun
LOCATION: Dep. Manufacto Pharm., Ewha Womans Gniv., Seoul, S. Korea
JOURNAL: Nonchong - Hanlguk Saenghwal Kwahak Yonguwon DATE: 1985
VOLUME: 36, PAGES: 151-63 CODEN: HSKNDP ISSN: 0253-6501 LANGUAGE: Kor
ean
SECTION:
CA1ll001 PIant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe species compn antifungal action, protein Aloe, mineral
element Aloe, calcium oxalate Aloe
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe arborescens ... Aloe saponaria. o. Aloe vera .. o
constituents and properties of
Taxonomy ...
constituents of Aloe species in relation to
Proteins.o.
in Aloe species
Mineral elements ... Tannins ...
of Aloe species
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
144-62-7 7439-89-6 7439-95-4 7440-09-7 7440-23--5 7440-70-2 biological
studies, in Aloe species
563-72-4 in Aloe species

Record - 5

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

105049090 CA: 105(6)49090e PATENT
Reducing skin irritation from benzoyl peroxide
INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Gruber, Murray
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; ÜS 4593046 A DATE: 860603

~~J
 Dctober 25, 1989 8:23am page 3

APPLICATION: US 514089 (830715)

PAGES: 7 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 514717000; A61K-03
1/075A
SECTION:
CA163006 Pharmaceuticals
CA101XXX Pharmacology
IDENTIFIERS: benzoyl peroxide pharmaceutical Aloe ext
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe vera ...
exts., pharmaceuticals contg. benzoyl peroxide and, for skin disorder
treatment
Acne ... Skin,disease or disorder ...
treatment of, with benzoyl peroxide and Aloe vera ext.,
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
94-36-0P preparation, pharmaceuticals contg. Aloe vera ext. and, for skin
disorder treatment

Record - 6

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

104075007 CA: 104(10)75007g PATENT
Hypoglycemic polysacchariáes extraction from Aloe species
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Hikíno, Hiroshí; Hayashi, Teruakí
LOCATION: ';apan,
ASSIGNEE: Toyo YakushoKU Kogyo K. K.; Aloe Seiyaku K. K.; Koshiro, C.,
and e o., L t ci .
PATENT: Japan Kokai Tokkyo Kono ; 3P 85214741 A2 ; JP 60214741 DATE: 851
028
APPLICATION: .;? 8467943 (840405)
PAGES: 4 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: A61K-035/78A
SECTION:
CA163004 Pharmaceuticals
CAII1XXX ?lant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: hypoglycemic polysaccharide Aloe ext
DESCRIPTORS:
Polysaccharides,biological studies ...
hypoglyeemic, from Aloe
Aloe vera ...
hypoglyeemic polysaccharides from
Antidiabetics ano Hypaglycemics ...
polysaccharides, fram Aloe vera

Record - 7

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by Tne Amer. Chem. Soc.»

102209448 CA: 102(24)209448w ?ATENT
Damaged fish tissue treatment with a eompasition containing aloe vera
extract
~NVENTOR(AUTHOR): Goldstein, Joel
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Aquarium Phar3aceuticals, lne.
PATENT: Uniteci States ; US 4500510 A DATZ: 850219
APPLICATION: US 501990 (830601) *US 426351 (820929)
PAGES: 5 pp. Cont.-in-part oi U.S. Ser. No. 426,35:, abandonen. COD~N: U
SXXAM LANGUAGE: Englisn C~ASS: 424080000; A61K-031/79A; A61K-035/78B
SECTION:
 October 25, 1989 8:24am page 4

CA163006 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: wound heaIing fish Aloe
DESCRIPTORS:
Wound healing ...
Aloe vera ext. compn. for, in fish
Aloe vera ...
. ext. of, wound healing compn. for fish contg.
Fish . ..
wound healing in, Aloe vera ext. compn. for
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
9003-39-8 9004-32-4 wound heaIing compn. contg. Aloe vera ext. and, for
fish

Record - 8

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

101157708 CA: 101(18)157708p ?ATENT
Enzyme wound-healing ointment
INVENTOR(AUTHORl: Bilton, Gerald L.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Advanced Drug Technology Corp.
PATENT: PCT International ; WO 8402846 Al DATE: 840802
APPLICATION: WO 84US79 (840118) *US 460023 (830121)
PAGES: 18 pp. eODEN: PIXXD2 LANGUAGZ: English CLASS: A61K-037/54; A61K
-037/48 DESIGNATED COUNTRIES: 3P DESIGNATED REGIONAL: AT; BE; eH; DE; F~;
GB; LU; NL; SE
SECTION:
CA163006 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: ointment wound enzyme
DESCRIPTORS:
Wound healing ...
enzyrne ointrnents for
Lanolin ...
ethoxylated, wound-healing ointments contg. enzymes and
Ointments ....
wound-healing, enzymes in
Alcohols,polyhydric,biological studies ...
wound-healing ointment contg. enzymes and
Enzyrnes ...
wound-healing ointments contg.
Aloe vera ... Witch hazel ...
wound-healing ointments contg. enzymes and exts. of
CAS REGISTRY NUM3ERS:
56-81-5 biologicai studies', wound-healing ointment contg. enzymes and
8049-47-6 9000-92-4 9001-62-1 9001-73-4 9002-01-1 9002-07-7 9004-07-3
9039-53--6 37:89-34:--7 wound-nealing ointment contg.

Record - 9

<D1ALOG File 3~1: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

101051995 CA: 101(7)51995q JOURNAL
Photosynthetic elect~on transport in guara cells.of diverse species
AUTHOR(S): Martín, Glen E., 11; Outlaw, WíIliam H., Jr.; Anderson, Doran
C.; Jackson, Sidney G.
LOCATION: Biol. vnit 1, Florida State üniv., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
JOURNAL: Plant Physiol. DATE: 1984 VOLUME: 75 NUMBER: 2 PAGES: 336-7

2. S" I
 October 25, 1989 8:25am Page 5

CODEN: PLPHAY ISSN: 0032-0889 LANGUAGE: English

SECTION:
CA111006 Plant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: electron transport photosynthesis guard cell
DESCRIPTORS:
Photosynthetic systems,II ...
of guard cells
Electron transport system,biological, photosynthetic ...
of guard cells, of photosystem II
Plant cell,guard ...
photosynthetic elec~ron transport in photosystem 11 of
Aloe vera ... Begonia langeana ... Brassica oleracea ... Broad bean ... Carnati
on,D. caryophyllus ... Chrysanthemum hortensis ... Dichanthelium ovale ... Die
ffenbachia pic~a ... Dryopteris ludovicíana ... Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi ... Let
tuce ... Oxalis oowiei ... Platycerium bifurcatum ... Portulaca oleracea ... Sa
ge ... Saintpaulia íonantha ... Tradescantia ohiensis ... Zea a~ploperennís ...
photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem 11 of guard cells oí

Record - 10

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

100153830 CA: 100(19)153830d JOURNAL
Chemical constituen~s of indigenous plants used in native medicine of
Saudi Arabia. ~I
AUTHOR(S): El-Tawil, B. A. h.
LOCATION: Fac. Sci., King Abdulaziz üniv., Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
JOURNAL: Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res. DATE: 1983 VOLUME: 1 NUMBER: 2
PAGES: 395-419 CODEN: AGJRE8 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA11100l Plant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: natural product plant Saudi Arabia, alkaloid Saudi Arabia
plant, flavonoid Saudi Arabia plant, leucoanthocyanidin Saudi Arabia plant
DESCRIPTORS:
Glycosides ...
cardiac, of plants, oi Saudi Arabia
Abutilon pannosum ... Aerva persica ... Aloe vera ... Camphor tree ... Chrozoph
ora plicata ... Cype~us laevigatus ... Date ... Dodonaea viscosa ... Forsskaole
a tenacissima ... Helianthemum lippii ... Juniper,J. excelsa ... Jute,C.
antichorus ... ~awsonia inermis ... Loranthus curviflorus ... Mallow,M.
parviflora ... Ochradenus baccatus ... Polycarpaea repens ... Polygonum
plebeium ... rtu~a chalepensis ... Salvadora persica ... Sea lavender,L.
axillare .. .
natural proaucts of, froro Saudi Araoia
Apocynaceae ... Asclepiadaceae ... Asteraceae ... Boraginaceae ... Ca?paraceae .
. , Chenopodiaceae ... Convolvulaceae ... Cucurbitaceae ... Grass ... Labiatae ..
. Legume ... Meliaceae ... Moraceae ... Solanaceae ... Umbelliferae ... Verbenae
eae ... ZygophylJaceae .. .
natural products of species of, of Saudi Arabia
Alkaloids,biologieal studies ... Flavonoids ... Leucoanthocyanins ... Natural
products ... Saponins ... Triterpenes ana Triterpenoias ...
of plants, oÍ Saudi Arabia
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
91-64-5D derivs., of plants, of Saudi Arabia

Record - 11
 October 25, 1989 8:26am page 6

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

100099930 CA: 100(13)99930w JOURNAL
Characterization of polysaccharides of Aloe barbadensis Miller: Part 111
- Structure of an acidic oligosaccharide
AUTHOR(S): Mandal, Gaurhari; Ghosh, Ri.na; Das, Amalendu
LOCATION: Dep. ehem., 3adavpur Univ., Calcutta, 700 032, India
JOURNAL: Indian J. Chem., Sect. B DATE: 1983 VOLUM~: 22B NuM3ER: 9
PAGES: 890-3 CODEN: IJSBDB ISSN: 0376-4699 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
GA111001 Plant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: acid oligosaccharide Aloe, pectic substance oligosaccharide
Aloe
DESGRIPTORS:
Oligosaccharides ...
acidic, froro polysaccharide of Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensis ...
acidic oligosaccharide of, structure of
Garbohydrates and Sugars,biological studies ...
in acidic oligosaccharide froro Aloe barbadensis
Pectic substances ... Polysaccharides,biological studies ...
of Aloe barbadensis, characterization of

Record - 12

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. ehem. Soc.»

99019680 CA: 99(3)19680n JOURNAL
Investigating the amino acid content of the exudate froro the leaves oí
Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera)
AU7EOR(S): Khan, 2. E.
LOCATION: Bombay, India
JOURNAL: Erde Int. DATE: 1983 VOLUME: 1 NUMBER: 1 PAGES: 19, 21-5
GODEN: 2RI~EA LANGDAGE: Englisn
SEGTION:
GAII1001 Plan~ Biochemistry
IDENTIF¡ERS: Aloe gel amino aClQ, arginine Aloe leaf exudate, his~idine
Aloe leaf exudate, phenylalanine Aloe lear exudate, valine Aloe leaf
exudate, leucine Aloe leaf exudate
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe barbadensis ...
amino acids in leaf exudate from
Amino aciás,biological studies ...
in leaf exuaa~e from Aloe barbaaensis
GAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
56-40-6 56-41-7 56-45-} 56-84-8 56-85-9 56-86--0 56-87-} 56-89-3
60-18-4 61-90-5 63-68-3 63-91-2 70-47-3 71-00-1 72--18-4 72-19-5
73-22-3 13-32-5 74-79-3 141-85-3 biological studies, in leaf
exudate from Aloe barbadensis
51-35-4 28805-76-7 in leaf exudate froro Aloe barbadensis

Record - 13

<DIALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Ghem. Soc.»

98151744 CA: 98(18)151744v JOUrtNAL
Corrosion inhibition by naturally-occurring substances: constitution aná
inhibiting property of aloe plan~s
AUTHOR(S): Saleh, R. M.; Abá El Aim, Mahasen A.; El Eosary, A. A.

2.S3
 October 25, 1989 8:26am Page 7

LOCATION: Natl. Res. Cent. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt,

JOURNAL: Corros. Prevo Con~rol DATE: 1983 VOLUME: 30 NUMBER: 1
PAGES: 9-10 CODZN: CRPCAK ISSN: 0010-9371 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA172006 Electrochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: aloe corrosion inhibitor steel acid
DESCRIPTORS:
Corrosion inhibitors ...
aloe plants, for steel in hydrochloric ac~a
Aloe ciliaris ... Aloe eru ... Aloe spinosissima ... Aloe vera ... Aloe
arborescens ... Aloe grandidentata ... Aloe mitriformis ...
corrosion inhibitor, for steel in hydrochloric acid
CASREGISTRY NUMBERS:
12597-69-2 reactions, corrosion of, in hydrochloric acid, aloe plants as
inhibitors tor

Record - 14

<DIALOG File 311: (Capr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

98149613 CA: 98(18)149613h PATENT
Pharmaceuticals foZ' wound healing
LOCATION: Japan,
ASSIGNEE: Lion Corp.
PATENT: Japan Kokai To~kyo Koho ; 3P 8315918 A2 3P 5815918 DATE: 83012
9
APPLICATION: J? 81íí430í (81072í)
PAGES: 15 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: A61K-035/78
SECTION:
CA163006 ?harmaceu~icais
IDENTIFIERS: A~oe ext ointment wound healing
DESCRI?TORS:
Wound healing ...
Aloe exts. ror
Aloe vera ... Aloe ...
exts. '0 pharmaceut:icals contg.
I foZ' wound healing

Record - 15

<DIALOG File 311: (COpT. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

98014377 CA: 98(3)14377p JOURNAL
Studies on glucogalactomannan from the leaves of Aloe vera, Tourn. (Ex
Linn. )
AUTHOR(S): Hag, Q. N.; Hannan, A.
LOCATION: Carbohydr. Secto., BCSIR Lab., Dacca, Bangladesh,
JOURNAL: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. DATE: 1981 VOLUME: 16 NUMBER: 1-
4 PAG2S: 68-72 CODEN: 3JSIBL ISSN: 0304-9809 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CAIIIOOl Plant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe leaf glucogalactomannan
DESCRIPTORS:
Polysaccharides,oiological studies ...
from Aloe vera leaves
Aloe vera ...
glucogalactomannan f~om leaves oi
CAS REGISTRY NUMBE~S:
9040-29-3 from Aloe vera leaves
 Octooer 25, 1989 8:27am ?age 8

Record - 16

<D1ALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

97098208 CA: 97(12)98208z JOURNAL
Myth, magic, witchcraft, or fact? Aloe vera revisited
AqTHOR(S): Robson, Martin C.; Heggers, John P.; Hagstrom, William J.,
Jr.
LOCAT10N: Burn Cent., Univ. Chicago, Chicago, 1L, USA
JOURNAL: J. Burn Care Rehabil. DATE: 1982 VOLUME: 3 NUMBER: 3 PAGES:
157-63 CODEN: JBCRD2 1SSN: 0273-8481 LANGUAGE: English
SECT10N:
CA163004 Pharmaceuticals
CA101XXX Pharmacology
CA111XXX Plant Biochemistry
1DENTIFIERS: Aloe compn burn injury, bactericide Aloe
DESCR1PTORS:
Bactericides, Visinfectants, and Antiseptics ...
Aloe vera compns.
Glycerides,biological studies ... Proteins ...
of Aloe vera
Burn ...
treatment off with Aloe vera compns.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
50-21-5 50-99-7 57-88-5 69-72-7 69-93-2 7439-95-4 7440-09-]
7440-23-5 7440-50-8 7440-66-6 7440-70-2 7723-1~-0 16887-00-6 biol
ogicai st::UGleS, of Aloe vera
60-27-5 9001-15-4 9001-78-9 of Aloe vera
363-24-6 551-:1-~ 54397--85-2 of burn tissue, Aloe vera compn. treatment
effect on

Record - 17

<D1ALOG File 311: (Copr. 1988 by The Amer. Chem. Soc.»

97078962 CA: 97(10)78962n JOURNAL
7-Hydroxyaloin: the characterlstic substance of Aloe barbadensis in the
European Pharmacopeia 111
AUTHOR(S): Rauwald, Hans Willi; Voetig, Reinhard
LOCATION: Inst. Pharmakognosie Phytochem., Freie Univ. Berlin, 1000/33, B
erlin, Fea. Rep. Ger.
JOURNAL: Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim, Ger.) DATE: 1982 VOLUME: 315 NUMBER:
5 PAGES: 477-8 CODEN: ARPMAS ISSN: 0365-6233 LANGUAGE: German
SECTION:
CA164002 Pharmaceutical Analysis
CA111XXX Plan~ Biochemistry
IDENTI?I2RS: aloe Curacao hydroxyaloin
DESCRI?TORS:
Aloe barbaáensis ...
hydroxyaloin of
CAS REGISTRY NUMB2RS:
82461-12-9 oi Curacao a~oe

Reco!"Q - 18

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

111028592 CA: 111(4)28592d PATENT

25'S-
 Oetober 25, 1989 8:28am Page 9

Deeongestant eomprising zine ano vegetable oil

INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Bates, Harry L.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; US 4826683 A DATE: 890502
APPLICATION: US 1902 (870109)
PAGES: 3 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424641000; A61K-03
3/30A; A61K-035/78B
SECTION:
CA263006 Pharmaeeuticals
IDENTIFIERS: decongestant zinc vegetable oil
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe barbadensis ... Oils,glyceridie, vegetable ...
decongestant contg.
Pharmaceutical dosage forms,sprays, nasal ...
decongestant, contg. vegetable oil ano vitamins and zinc
Corn oil ... Linseed oil ... Oils,glyceridic, animal ... Oils,glyceridic,
sesame ... Oils,glyceridic, wheat germ ... Olive oil ... Peanut oil ... Safflow
er oil ... Soybean oil ...
decongestant con~g. zinc and
Decongestants ...
zinc- and vegetable oil-contg.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
50-81-7 biological studies, decongestant eontg.
7440-66-6D compds., decongestant contq.
58-85-5 1406-18-4 8059-24-3 9000-69-5 11103-57-4 deeongestant contg.

Record - 19

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

110063744 CA: 110(6)63744f PATENT
Antiinflammatorv topical compositions containing liaocaine ana
diphenhydramine
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Busciglio, John A.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: .United States ; liS 4748022 A DATE: 880531
APPLICATION: US 939475 (861209) *US 715461 (850325)
PAGES: 5 pp. Cont. of U.S. Ser. No. 715,461, abandoned. CODEN: USXXAM
LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424195100; A61K-035/78A; A61K-031/13B; A61K-031
/075B
SECTION:
CA263006 ?harmacAuticals
CA201XXX Pharmacology
IDENTIFI~RS: lidocaine diphenhydramine aloe propolis an~iinflammatory
DESCRIPTORS:
Inflammation inhibitors ...
anesthetics arra aloe ano propolis-contg. topical gel as
Aloe barbadensis ...
gel, aixts. wi -th lidocaine and diphenhydramine and propo.Lis,
anti-inflammatory topieal gel con~g.
Pro"9 01is ...
mixts. with l~docaine and diphenhydramine and Aloe vera gel,
anti-inflamma~ory topical gel contg.
Varicella ... Virus,animal, herpes simplex 2 ...
skin inflammation assocd. with, treatment of, lidoeaine and
phenhydramin-contg. topical gel tor
Dermatitis ... Mouth,disease, stomatitis ...
 October 25 1 1989 8:29am Page 10

treatment Off anesthetics and aloe and propolis-contg. topical gel for
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
73-78-9D mixts. with diphenhydramine hyarochloriae ana Aloe vera gel and
propolis, anti-inflarnmatory topical gel contg.
147-24-0D mixts. with lidocaine hydrochloride and Aloe vera gel and
propolis, anti-inflarnmatory topical gel contg.

Record - 20

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

109146335 CA: 109(17)146335d JOURNAL
Two functionally and chemically distinct immunomodulatory compounds in
the gel of A~oe vera . .
AUTHOR(S): ' t Eart, L. A.; Van Enckevort, P. H.; Van Dijk, H.; Zaat, R.;
De Silva, K. T. 0.; Labadie, R. P.
LOCATION: Fac. ?harm., State Univ. ütrecht, 3511 GE, Utrecht, Neth.
JOURNAL: J. 2thnopharmacol. DATE: 1988 VOLUME: 23 NUMBER: 1 PAGES: 61
-71 CODEN: JOETDl ISSN: 0378-8741 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA211001 ?lant 3iochemistry
CA215XXX Irnmunochernistry
CA263XXX Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe gel immunochem
DESCRIPTORS:
Immunosuppressan~s ...
gel constituen~s oí Aloe vera as
Aloe barbadensis .. ,
immunomodulatory compas. in gel from, characterization of
Complement ... Leukocyte,polymorphonuclear ...
inhibition of, by gel constituents from Aloe vera
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
7782-44-7D radicals, formation oí, by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, gel
constituents or Aloe vera inhibition of

Record - 2.1

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

109142088 CA: 109(17)1420S8c JOURNAL
Partial purification and some properties of an antibacterial compound
from Aloe vera
AUTHOR(S): Levin, Hadassa; Hazenfratz, R.; ~riedman, J.; ?alevitch, D.; P
erl, X.
LOCATION: Voicani CenT., Agríe. ~es. Org., 50 250, 3et ~agan, Israel
JOURNAL: Phytother. Res . . DATE: 1988 VOLUME: 2 NUM3ER: 2 ?AG2S: 67-9
CODEN: PEYRZE LANGUAG2: English
SECTION:
CA201005 Pharmacology
CA211XXX Plant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe anLibacterial
DESCRI?TORS:
Bacillus subtílis ...
Aloe vera ex~s. effec~ on
Aloe barbadensis ...
antibacterial compa. of leaves of, partial purifn. and properties of
Protein formation ...
by Bacillus subtilis, Aloe vera exts. inhibition of

25"7
 October 25, 1989 8:29am Page 11

Nucleic acids ...

formation of, by 3acillus subtilis, Aloe versa exts. inhibition of
Bactericides, Disinfectants, and Antisentics ...
of Aloe vera leaves, partíal purifn. and properties of

Record - 22

<DIALOG File 312: (Capr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

109089760 CA: 109(:1)89760n JOURNAL
Studies on aloe. Part 5. Iso-aleoresin A, a minor constituent of Cape
aloe
AUTHOR(S): Speranza, Giovanna; Martignoni, Antonella; Manitto, Paolo
LOCATION: Dip. Chim. Org. Ind., Univ. Milans, 20133, Milan,. Italy
JOURNAL: J. Nat. Prod. DATE: 1988 VOLUME: 51 NUMBER: '3 ~AGES: 588-90
CODEN: JNPRDF ISSN: 0163-3864 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA211001 Plant Biachemistry
IDENTIFIERS: aloe isoaloeresin
DESCRIPTORS:
Nomenclature,new natural products ...
iso-aloeresin A (me~nylchromone deriv.)
Aloe barbadensis ...
iso-alaeresin A fram, isolation and structure of
Molecular strucLure/na~ural product ...
of iso-alaeresin A (methylchromone deriv.)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
115940-94-8 fram Cape aloe, isolation ana structure of
74545-79-2 isomerization of
19367-38-5P prepn. ana isomerization of
61240-27-5P prepn. of

Record - 23

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Cnero. Soc.»

109003973 CA: 109(1)3973z JOURNA~
In vitro culture oí Aloe barbadensis Mill.: morpnogenetic ability ana
nuclear DNA conten~
AUTHOR(S): Sanchez, l. Castorena; Natali, L.; Cavallini, A.
LOCAT¡ON: CenL. Invest. Ciento Yucatan, Merina, Mex.,
JOURNAL: Plant Sci. (Limerick, Irel.) DATE: 1988 VOLGM2: 55 NUMBER: ¡
PAGES: 53-q CODEN: ?LSCE4 ISSN: 0168-9452 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA211003 Plant Bíochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe callus morphogenesis DNA
DESCRIPTORS:
Plant growth and development,organogenesis ...
by Aloe barbaaensis culture, nuclear DNA in relation to
Plant growth and development,micropropagation ...
by callus of Aloe barbadensis, nuclear DNA in relation to
Aloe oarbadensis ...
callus formation ana organogenesis in, nuclear DNA in relation to
Veoxyríbonucleíc acíds ...
nuciear, callus formation and organogenesis in Aloe barbadensis in
relation to
Plant tissue cUlture,callus ...
organogenesis by, oE Aloe barbaóensis, nuclear DNA in relation te
 October 25, 1989 8:30am Page 12

Record - 24

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

108062502 CA: 108(8)62502x PATENT
Method of chemically debriding ulcerated necrotic tissue with an aqueous
biphenamine-aloe vera solution
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Schulte, Thomas L.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; US 4708873 A DATE: 871124
APPLICATION: US 823852 (860129)
PAGES: 5 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424195100; A61K-03
5/7BA; A61K-031/615B
SECTION:
CA263006 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: skin wound healing aloe o~pnenamine, debridement ulcerated
skin mucous membrane, necrosis epithelium aloe biphenamine
DESCRIPTORS:
Pharmaceutical natural products,aloe, juice ...
debridment of skin and mucous membrane using compns. contg. biphenamine
and
Burn ... Mucous membrane,disease ... Skin,disease OY disorder ... Skin,necrosi
s,disease or disoraer ...
treatment of, debriding in, aloe juice-biphenamine compns. for
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
3572-52-9 5560-62-3 debriding oÍ skin and mucous memorane using compns.
contg. aloe Juice aná

!{ecora - 25

<DIALOG File 3J2: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Cherna Soc.)>

107174803 CA: 107(19)174803g PATENT
Lipid enrobed roader ra~ions ano manufacture thereof
¡NV2NTOR(AUT20~): Cox, James P.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: South Africa; ZA 8505868 A DATE: 870325
APPLICATION: ZA 855868 (850801) *US 667437 (841010)
PAGES: 51 pp. CODEN: SFXXA3 LANGUAGE: English CLASS: A23K-OOO/A
SECTION:
CA217012 Food and Feed Chemistry
IDENTIFIERS: li9ia coating feed
DESCRIPTORS:
Fish ...
bai ts tor, lipiá-coated·, manuf. of
Aloe barbadensis ... Okra ... Seaweed ...
ext., feed coatinq with lipid emulsion contg.
Lipids,biological studies ...
feed coated with, manuf. of
Grease, yellow ...
feeá coating with
?eed ...
lipid-coated, manuf. oi
CAS ~EGISTRY NUM32RS:
9005-38-3 9012-16-4 feed coating with lipid emulsion contg.

Record - 26

¿SI
 October 25, 1989 8:31am page 13

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

107141101 CA: 107(16)141101y PATENT
Aloe emodin and other anthraquinones and anthraquinone-like compounds
from plants virucidal against herpes simplex viruses
INVENTOR (AUTHOR) : Sydiskis, Robert J.; Owen, David G.
LOCATION: USA
pATENT: United States ; US 4670265 A DATE: 870602
APPLICATION: US 674677 (841126) *US 516328 (830722)
PAGES: 7 pp. Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 516,328, abandoned. CODEN: U
SXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424195100; A61K-035/78A; A61K-031/12B
SECTION:
CA263004 Pharmaceuticals
CA201XXX Pharmacology
IDENTIFIERS: anthraquinone plant herpes virucide, aloe emodin herpes
virucide
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe barbadensis ...
anthraquinone deriv.-contg. exts. of, as herpes virus inhibitors
Rhamnus frangula ...
anthraquinone de~iv.-contg. exts. of bark of, as herpes virus
inhibitors
Rhubarb,R. rnaponLicum ...
anthraquinone de~iv.-con~g. exts. of rhizomes of, as herpes virus
inhibiLors
Virus,animal, herpes simplex í . . . Virus,animal, herpes simp~ex 2 ...
inhibitors o:, anthraquinone aeriv.-contg. plan~ ex~s. as
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
84-65-1D derivs., plant exts. contg., as herpes virus inn~biLors
481-72-1 planL ex~s. contg., as herpes virus inhibi~ors

Record - 27

<DIALOG File 312: (Copr. 1989 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.»

107000631 CA: 107(1)631j JOURNAL
Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of arborans A and B, glycans of Aloe
arborescens varo natalensis leaves
AUTHOR(S): Hikino, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Michiko; Murakami, Miki; Konno,
Chohachi; Mirin, Yoshiaki; Karikura, Masami; rtayasni, Teruaki
LOCATION: Pharm. Inst., Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Japan,
JOURNAL: Int. J. erude Drug Res. DATE: 1986 VOLUM2: 24 NUMBER: 4
PAGES: 183-6 CODEN: IJCREE ISSN: 0167-7314 LANGUAGE: 2nglish
SECTION:
CA201010 Phar~acology
CA211XXX ?lant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: aloe glycan isolation hypoglycemic, arboran isolation Aloe
hypoglycemic, polysaccharide Aloe isola~ion hypoglycemic
DESCEI?TORS:
Nomenclature,new natural products ...
arooran A (glycan)
Nomerrclature!~ew na~ural Droducts ...
arboran B (glycan)
Aloe arboresce~s naLalensis ...
glycans isoiation traro, ~ypoglycemjc activity oi
AntidiaDe~ics and Hypoglycemics ...
glycans oi Aloe, isolation o~
 October 25, 1989 8:31am Page 14

Aloe africana ... Aloe barbadensis ... Aloe ferox ... Aloe perryi ...
glycans of, hypoglycemic activity of
Polysaccharides,biological studies ...
isolation from Aloe aborescens natalensis and hypoglycemic activity of
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
108421-92-7 108421-93-8 isolation from Aloe aborescens natalensis and
.hypoglycemic activity of

2tof
~dLu~
 October 20, 1989 9:01am page 1

File 203:AGRIS INTERNATIONAL 74-89/JUL

3/7/1 (Item 1 from file: 203)

1119889 AGRIS No: 89-067198
~amaica aloe industry pre-feasibility study
Metcalfe, G.; Roberts, D.
Kingston (Jamaica), 1984, 31 p.
Language: English
Place of Publication: Jamaica
Availability: JM-MA
Document Type: Monograph, Nonconventional Literature
Journal Announcement: 1507 Record input by Jamaica
Abstract in English
A summary of the status and planned development of the aloe vera
agro-industry implemented in technology by the Jamaica National Investment
Corporation (JNIC) and Aloe Products Ltd. (APL). This brief study provides
adequate financial technical information to provide a basis for a joint
venture to be formed by JNIC and shareholders in the Aloe Products Ltd.

3/7/2 (Item 2 from file: 203)

1119714 AGRIS No: 89-066811
The changing Caribbean; New directions for Jamaican agriculture
Barker, D. (West Indies Univ., Kingston (Jamaica). Dept. of Geography)
Caribbean Geography, Nov 1985, v. 2(1) p. 56-64
Notes: 2 figs., 1 table; 8 ref ISSN: 0252-9939
Language: English
Place of Publication: Jamaica
Availability: XG
Document Type: Journal Article,
Journal Announcement: 1507 Record input by Jamaica
Abstract in English
The features of 'Agro 21', a programme to promote high technology
agriculture and food self-sufficiency in Jamaica are discussed. The
strategy involves changing land use patterns as follows: 1) bring idle
lands into production, 2) contraction of sugar cane land a~d 3)
introduction of new types of agriculture such as winter vegetables, aloe
vera and fish farming. Examples of technological innovations introduced
are given. The involvement of small scale farmers is slow, but they have
been involved in rice and aloe vera cultivation projects.

3/7/3 (Item 3 from file: 203)

0930627 AGRIS No: 86-084346
[Aloe vera: It's a succulent plant and a medicinal value]
Wanphen Sukkhasila (Office of the Under Secretary of State, Bangkok
(Thailand). Div. of Agricultural Imformation)
Neroac Newsletter, Khao San Kaset Phak Tawanok Chiangnua, Apr-Jun 1985,
v.13(2) p.1-5
Notes: Received 1985
Language: Thai
Place of Publication: Thailand
Document Type: Journal Article,
Journal Announcement: 1212 Record input by Thailand

3/7/4 (Item 4 from file: 203)

 "'6 October 20, 1989 9:01am page 2

0901047 AGRIS No: 86-024733

[Herb: yadam [Aloe vera Linn, A. ferox Mill, A. perryi Baken, herbs
which cure animals such as cattle, swine, horse, goat, sheep, dog; also
dicusses its morphology, composition, utility, preparation, dosage]];
Samunprar: yadam
Thiraphong Paonin
Veterinary News, Mar 1985, v. 5(55) p. 18
ISSN: 0125-8508 Notes: Received in Sep 1985
Language: Thai
Place of Publication: Thailand
Document Type: Journal Article,
Journal Announcement: 1205 Record input by Thailand

3/7/6 (Item 6 from file: 203)

0858157 AGRIS No: 85-109665
Results with extract of Aloe barbadensis in radiodermitis and in the
ache (test with 50 patients) (Resultados con el extracto de Aloe
barbadensis en la radiodermitis y en el dolor (ensayos con 50 pacientes»
Estevez, A.; Jimenez, J. (Ministerio de Salud Publica, Ciudad de La
Habana (Cuba). Instituto Nacional de Oncologia y Radiobiologia); Sastre,
L. (Ministerio de Salud Publica, Ciudad de La Habana (Cuba). Instituto de
Neurología y Neurocirugía)
2. Simposio Nacional de Plantas Medicinales, Ciudad de La Habana (Cuba)
17-18 May 1983
Revista Plantas Medicinales, 1983, v. 3(Suppl.) p. 26
Language: Spanish Summary Language: English, Spanish
Place of Publícation: Cuba
Document Type: Journal Article, Conference, Summary
Journal Announcement: 1112 Record input by Cuba

3/7/7 (Item 7 from file: 203)

0636067 AGRIS No: 869752
Non-traditional agricultural industry crops in Dominican Republic
Majorana hortensis, Aloe vera, Bixa orellana, Zingiber officinale, Ricinus
communis, Boehmeria nivea, Vetiveria zizanioides, Fourcraea cabuya (
Cultivos agroindustriales no tradicionales en la Republica Dominicana
Majorana hortensis, Aloe vera, Bixa orellana, Zingiber officinale, Ricinus
communis, Boehmeria nivea, Vetiveria zizanioides Fourcraea cabuya)
Rodriguez Martinez, N.
Santo Domingo (Dominican R.) : Editora Taller, 1981, 311 p.
Notes: Many numerical data; 200 ref
Language: Spanish
Place of Publication: Dominican R.
Availability: Centro Documentacion, Secretaria Estado de Agricultura,
Santo Domingo (Republica Dominicana)
Document Type: Monograph, Numerical Data, Bibliography,
Nonconventional Literature
Journal Announcement: 0904 Record ínput by IICA (Inter-American Inst
of Agr Sciences)

z.~ ~
 October 20, 1989 8:57am Page 1

File 53:CAB ABSTRACTS 1972-1983

SEE FILE 50 (1984+)

6/7/1
1610436 01051-00000
Aloe vera [Aloe barbadensis] juice: a veterinary medicament?
Anderson, B. C.
Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 1983
5 (7): S364 ... S368 (11 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Subfile: 01 (Index Veterinarius 1972+)

6/7/2
1539364 OT052-01511
Taxonamic studies on nematodes of some medicinal and aromatic plants
of North India.
Kapoar, M.
Thesis, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
1982. [x] = 418pp. (69 pI. (unpaged))
Language: English
Document Type: Uvl (Unnumbered Whole)
Subfile: OT (Helminthological Abs., Ser. B, 1973+)
Definitive descriptions and figures are given for the follawing new
species from northern India: Tylenchus vividus fram Viola odorata; T.
varicaudatus from Digitalis purpurea; T. serenus from Chrysanthemum
cinerariaefalium; Coslenchus temperatus from Anthemis nobilis and Ocimum
sp.; Tenunema tenuum from Argemane mexicana (Tenunema n.g., Tylenchidae,
is close to Polenchus but differs in having a well defined lateral field,
pore-like amphids, rounded spear basal knobs, anteriarly directed vagina,
and a long thin tapering female tail); Malenchus microlobatus from Rosa
damascena and Cymbopogon citratus; M. praecisus from Ricinus communis; M.
kasolensis fram Valeriana wallichii; Neottolenchus clarus from Cannabis
sativa (Neottolenchus n.g., Tylenchidae, Duosulciinae, is close to
Ottolenchus but differs in being finely and distinctly annulated, having
4/5 annules in the lip regian, na valve in the median bulb, vulva-anus
distance smaller than tail length); N. unicus from Mentha arvensis;
Basiria abrupta from Viola odorata; B. simulata fram Duboisia and Allium
cepa; Nothatylenchus strictus from Dioscorea deltoidea; Boleadorus vincae
from Vinca rosea; Basiliophora constricta fram Citrus; B. filicaudata from
Rauvolfia serpentina; B. delicata fram Curcuma; Sakia attenuata from
Curcuma, Rasa damascena, Vinca rosea and R. serpentina (Sakiinae n.subfam.
is erected to contain Sakia and Basiliophora, characterized by their pare-
ar slit-like amphids and the strongly cuticularized excretory duct); s.
bella from D. deltaidea and Humulus lupulus; Tylenchorhynchus caricae from
Carica papaya; T. sul'caticeps from Solanum khasianum, Palmarasa and Aloe
vera; T. valerianae fram Valeriana wallichii and Padophyllum hexandrum; T.
stabilis from Mentha piperita, M. arvensis, S. khasianum and C. papaya; T.
imitans fram Salvia afficinalis, Atropa belladonna and Ricinus communis;
Quinsulcius similis fram Cannabis sativa, Vetivería zizanioides; Merlinius
austerus form A. belladona; Nagelus 'magnus fram Berberis and Viola
odarata; Telotylenchus sparsus fram Faeniculum capillaceum;
Helicatylenchus certus fram M. spicata; Ratylenchus julaharensis from
 October 20, 1989 8:57am Page 2

Mentha sp.; R. yarikahensis from D. purpurea; Orientylus cognatus from

Eucalyptus citriodora; o. populus from Berberis; o. prominens from Carica
papaya; Pratylenchus himalayaensis from Claviceps purpurea; P.angelicae
from Angelica glauca; P. menthae, Hirschmanniella augusta and H.
phantastica from M. piperita; Macroposthonia vigens from Hibiscus
abelmoschus and Carica papaya; M. lanatae from Digitalis lanata; M.
efficiens from Allium cepa; Nothocriconema indolens from Valeriana
wailichii; Ogma modestum from Berberis; Hemicycliophora chathaensis from
Dioscorea deItoidea. 24 other species within these and other genera are
also described, and keys and emended diagnoses are given for many of the
genera. Macroposthonia macrolobata is validated and Coslenchus assamensis
n.comb. for Aglenchus assamensis, Nagelus neohexagrammus n.comb. for
Merlinius neohexagrammus, N. djungaricus n.comb. for Ty~enchorhynchus
djungaricus, and Ogma tokobaevi n.comb. for Criconema (Variasquamata)
tokobaevi, are proposed.

6/7/3
1408795 OP052-04444
Differential staining of kinetochores in the somatic metaphase
chromosomes of Allium cepa by a simple aceto-orcein technique.
Das, T. K.; Bhanja, P.
Cytogenet. Sect., Bot. Dep., Burdwan Univ., India.
Caryologia 1981. 34 (3): 297-300 (13 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Subfile: OP (Plant Breeding Abstracts 1973+)
Dot-like centromeric kinetochores were revealed by the technique, which
is described. Similar results were obtained for Aloe vera, Rheo spatheca
and Tradescantia virginiana chromosomes.

6/7/4
1407040 OP052-01828
Technique for heterochromatin visualization and chromosome banding in
plants.
Joshi, P. C.; Ranjekar, P. K.
Biochem. Div., Nat. Chem. Lab., Poona, India.
Nucleus, India 1980. 23 (3): 169-176 (46 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbereá Part)
Subfile: OP (Plant Breeding Abstracts 1973+)
The technique, which was used on excised root tips of Allium cepa and
Aloe vera, involves selective disruption of euchromatin with concentrated
hydrochloric acid and subsequent Giemsa staining. Differential
condensation of euchromatic and heterochromatic regions results in
disruption of only the euchromatin by the acid. The compact
heterochromatin is darkly stained giving a banded appearance to the
chromosomes.

6/7/5
1323767 OC052-08140
Epidermal studies on succuIents. l. Monocotyledons [Aloe vera, Agave
vera-cruz, Furcraea gigantea, Sansevieria roxburghiana and Tradescantia
sp.].
Gopal, V.; Janardhanan, K.; Lakshmanan, K. K.
Madras University Postgraduate Centre, Coimbatore 641 041, India.
Acta Botanica Indica 1981. 9 (2): 297-304 (19 ref., 1 pI., 1 fig.)

2.!e)"
 - )

October 20, 1989 8:57am page 3

Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts 1973+)

6/7/6
1286779 01049-00000
The therapeutic efficacy of Aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) in thermal
injuries: two case reports.
Cera, L. M.; Heggers, J. P.; Robson, M. C.; Hagstroffi, W. J.
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 1980. 16 (5):
768-772 (13 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Subfile: 01 (Index Veterinarius 1972+)

6/7/7
1157273 OC051-08856
Effects of Aloe extracts on human normal and tumor cells in vitro.
Winters, W. D.; Benavides, R.; Clouse, W. J.
Texas University Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA.
Economic Botany 1981. 35 (1): 89-95 (17 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts 1973+)
Leaf extracts from Aloe barbadensis and A. saponaria, and commercially
produced A. vera gel had high contents of lectin-like substances.

6/7/8
1002626 OC050-09417
Traditional medicine in health carea
Marini-Bettolo, G. B. (Editor): Traditional medicine: a world survey
on medicinal plants ana herbs.
Sayed, M. D.
Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1980. 2 (1): 19-22 (4 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Related CAB Accession Number(s): OC050-09414;
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts 1973+)
A discussion, with reference to Ammi majus, A. visnaga, Cymbopogon
proximus, Nigella sativa, Aloe vera, Urginea marítima, Phytolacca
americana, Euphorbia spp., Cynara scolymus ana Solanum laciniatum.
 October 20, 1989 8:50am page 1

File 50:CAB ABSTRACTS - 1984-89/SEP

SEE ALSO FILE 53 (1972-1983)

1/7/1
0812960 OC059-04264
Aloe vera [A. barbadensis]. A natural approach for treating wounds,
edema, and pain in diabetes.
Davis, R. H.; Leitner, M. G.; Russo, J. M.
Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 1988. 78 (2):
60-68 (25 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)

1/7/2
0800054 OA057-01746
Cervical versus intrauterine insemination of ewes using fresh or frozen
semen diluted with aloe vera gel.
Rodriguez, F.; Baldassarre, H.; Simonetti, J.; Aste, F.; Ruttle,
J. L.
Dep. Animal & Range Sciences, College of Agriculture & Home Economics,
New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
Theriogenology 1988. 30 (5): 843-854 (13 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OA (Animal Breeding Abstracts)
At Belen de Escobar, Argentina, in Mar.-Apr. 1987, a total of 80
Corriedale ewes was used in 7 insemination trials. The trials were grouped
into 2 experimental classes for comparison of (1) frozen semen diluted
with an experimental extender or a control diluent and inseminated
cervically or intrauterinely into synchronized/superovulated ewes and (2)
cervical insemination of fresh diluted or frozen semen in ewes at natural
oestrus or in ewes that were synchronized/superovulated. An overall
ovulation rate of 8.7plus or minusO.5 was obtained when a superovulatory
regimen consisting of 3-mg Norgestomet implants and a total dose of 18 mg
FSH-pituitary (FSH-P) were used. Numbers of ova recovered per ewe
following superovulation ranged from 4.3 to 5.4. In group 1, fertilization
rates improved when laparoscopic intrauterine Al was used compared with
cervical insemination (P 0'.05). Fertility rates following intrauterine and
cervical insemination of frozen semen diluted with the experimental
extender were satisfactory (85.7 and 40.0% resp. vs. 70.0 and 40.0 for
control diluent, P 0.05). In group 2, fewer fertilized ova were recovered
from ewes inseminated with frozen semen (P 0.02), irrespective of their
oestrus manipulation, than from those inseminated with fresh semen
(0.5plus or minusO.2 vs. 1.4plus or minusO.3 for
synchronized/superovulated ewes and 0.2plus or minusO.3 vs. 0.7plus or
minusO.3 tor natural oestrus ewes; both, P 0.05) ..

1/7/3
0791359 OC059-02445
Aloe vera.

2~7
 October 20, 1989 8:50am Page 2

Klein, A. D.; Penneys, N. S.

University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1988. 18 (4, I):
714-720 (27 ref., 4 pI.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
The literature on Aloe vera (A. barbadensis) and its products is
reviewed. A. vera is known te centain several pharmacologically active
ingredients, including a carboxypeptidase that inactivates bradykinin in
vitro, salicylates, and a substance(s) that inhibits thromboxane fermation
in vivo. Results of sorne studies offer evidence for .ant~bacterial and
antifungal properties of substance(s) in A. vera. Studies and case reports
provide support tor the use of A. vera in the treatment of radiation
ulcers and stasis ulcers in man and burn and frostbite injuries in
animals. The evidence for a potential beneficial effect associated with
the use of A. vera is sufficient to warrant the design and implementation
of well-controlled clinical trials.

1/7/4
0743641 OC058-06827; 7C014-01216; 7Q014-03697
Peroxidase in crassulacean acid metaholism plants: difficulties in
determination of activity.
Upadhye, A. B.; Dixit, G. B.; Karadge, B. A.
Dep. Bot., Shivaji Univ., Kolhapur 416 004, India.
Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, India 1986. 13 (1): 33-39 (16 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: REVISED
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts); 7C (Ornamental Horticulture);
7Q (Crop Physiology Abstracts)
Peroxidase activity was studied in Kalanchoe pinnata, K. tubiflora and
Aloe barbadensis. Despíte the use of several methods and techniques, (e.g.
different. assay methods, different isolation media, enzyme purification by
Sephadex-G column separation, ammonium sulphate precipitation and
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), the activity of the enzyme could not
be determined. However, it could be demonstrated in vivo. It is suggested
that an inhibitor liberated during iselation of the enzyme, may bind
tightly to the enzyme molecule thus interfering with the activity of
peroxidase in the leaf, stem and roots óf Kalanchoe. Organic acids (malic
and citric) were not involved in the inhibition of the enzyme in this
planto

1/7/5
0706204 OP058-05237; 7B001-00595
In vitro culture of Aloe barbadensis MilI.: morphogenetic ability and
nuclear DNA contento
Castorena Sanchez, I.; Natali, L.; Cavallini, A.
Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, Merida, Mexico.
Plant Science, Irish Republic 1988. 55 (1): 53-59 (28 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: REVISED
Subfile: OP (Plant Breeding Abstracts); 7B
In a study aimed at using in vitro methods for plant improvement, it was
 October 20, 1989 8:51am page 3

shown by DNA microdensitometry that morphogenetic ability is correlated

with nuclear DNA content in explants and callus cultured in vitro. In
particular, plant regeneration (or micropropagation) was obtained only
from calluses (or explants) containing close to the normal 2C or 4C amount
of DNA per nucleus.

1/7/6
0653247 01056-00001
Healing promoting efficacy of various branded drugs and of zabila (Aloe
vera) and propolis (in rats).
Eficacia cicatrizante de varios medicamentos de patente, la zabila y el
propoleo.
Sumano Lopez, H.; Ocampo Camberos, L.; Gaytan Contr.era~, G.
Gonzalez de la Vara, M.
Veterinaria Mexico 1987. 18 (1): 33-37 (18 ref.)
Language: Spanish Summary Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: 01 (1ndex Veterinarius)

1/7/7
0632003 03075-02542
Dermatological diseases in Mexican traditional mea~cine.
Enfermedades dermatologicas en la medicina tradicional de Mexico.
Esquivel, M. Zurita; Zolla, C. (Zurita Esquivel, M.)
Inst. Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Unidad de Investigacion
Biomedica en Med. Tradicional y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Argentina 1,
62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 1986. 101 (4): 339-347
3 ref.)
Language: Spanish Summary Language: English; French; Portuguese
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OJ (Review Applied Entomology, Ser. B)
A survey was conducted in 1983 in 200 communities in the State of
Chiapas, Mexico, to determine which dermatological diseases were treated
by traditional healers. Among the most frequent complaints cited were
'sarna' or scabies (caused by Acarus scabiei or Sarcoptes hominis [both of
which are synonyms of S. scabiei]) and 'mazamorra' (tinea pedis). Among
the 249 plants used for the treatment of dermatological conditions were
Solanum spp., Heterotheca inuloides, Oenothera rosea, Malva parviflora,
Aloe barbadensis and Kalanchoe pinnata.

1/7/8
0630286 OU057~06341
Studies on the activity of individual plants of an antidiabetic plant
mixture.
AI-Awadi, F. M.; Gumaa, K. A.
Dep. Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait Univ., PO Box 24923,
13110 Safat, Kuwait.
Acta Diabetologica Latina 1987. 24 (1): 37-41 (6 ref.)·
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OU (Nutrition Abs. & Rev., Ser. A)
Groups of streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats received a

u~
 October 20, 1989 8:51am Page 4

daily intragastric, 10 ml/kg body weight, dose of a 5% w/v plant extract

of Nigella sativa seeds or gums of Commiphora myrrh, Ferula assafoetida,
Aloe vera or olibanum. Treating normal rats for 1 week with extracts of
myrrh or aloe gum decreased the fasting blood glucose concentration from
4.6 plus or minus 0.3 to 3.4 plus or minus 0.4 and 3.4 plus or minus 0.2
mmol/litre, respectively. Other extracts did not affect the fasting blood
glucose concentration in normal rats. Only the myrrh-extract was effective
in -improving glucose toleranee in normal rats. Myrrh extract decreased the
absolute inerement of blood glueose above the fasting concentration at all
times of the oral glucose toleranee test (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h) but the
differenee was significant only at 1 h. N. sativa extract had no effeet.
Extracts of gums of olibanum, assafoetida ana aloe consistently inereased
the absolute increments of blood glucose above the fa~ting value at all
times of the oral glueose tolerance test. There was a significant decrease
in fasting blood glucose eoncentration in diabetic rats 1 h after giving
an extraet of a mixture of the 5 plants which was maintained tor at least
5 h; controls showed a decrease in blood glucose concentration only after
4 h.

1/7/9
0621418 OC051-08826
The Aloe vera phenomenon: a review of the properties and modern uses of
the leaf parenchyma gel.
Grindlay, D.; Reynolds, T.
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1986. 16 (2/3): 117-151 (61 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
A review and diseussion. The literature reviewed here provides evidence
that A. vera [A. barbadensis] gel is of value for treating burns and
certain other dermatological conditions and that it has definite
physiological effects (although there is no certain correlation between
these and the identified gel components).

1/7/10
0593074 OP057-06286
A comparison of anther tissue developmental in male sterile Aloe vera
and male fertile Aloe ciliaris.
Keijzer, C. J.; Cresti, M.
Dep. PI. Cytology & Morphology, Agríe. Univ., Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD
Wageningen, Netherlands.
Annals of Botany 1987. -59 (5): 533-542 (29 ref.)
Language: Eng¡ish
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OP (Plant Breeding Abstracts)
Light and electron microseopice techniques were used to study anther
development. In A. vera [A. barbadensis], abnormalities were observea in
the loeular cavity. The microspores aegenerated at an early stage. Tapetal
development ana breakaown were normal but transfer of tapetal secretions
to the locular cavity did not occur. Abnormalities also occurred in the
development of the epidermal and endothecial cells.

1/7/11

21D
 Oetober 20, 1989 8:52am Page 5

0552205 OC057-02842
Evaluation of Aloe vera leaf exudate and gel for gastric and duodenal
anti-ulcer activity.
Parmar, N. S.; Tariq, M.; Al-Yahya, M. A.; Ageel, A. M.;
Al-Said, M. S.
College of Pharmaey, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
~itoterapia 1986. 57 (5): 380-383 (17 ref.)
Language: English
Doeument Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
Despite previous reports, no activity was found with A. vera
[barbadensis] exudate or gel.

1/7/12
0516062 OG057-00152; OQ040-00480; OW036-00273; 7N010-00194; 7U010-00469
Annual Report 1983-84.
Australia, New South Wales, Department of Agriculture
Sydney, Australia
undated. 73pp.
Language: English
Doeument Type: UW (Unnumbered Whole)
Status: REVISED
Subfile: OG (Herbage Abstraets); OQ (Field Crop Abstracts); OW (Weed
Abstracts); 7N (Soyabean Abstraets); 7U (Rice Abstraets)
This' report describes activities of the Department of Agriculture for
the year ended 30th June 1984. Production and trends for the following
erops are included: wheat, other eereals (oats, barley, tritieale,
sorghum, maize, rice), other field crops (cotton, safflower, soyabeans,
sunflowers, rape, tobaceo, grain legumes, jojoba, aloe vera, guayule),
pastures (lucerne, medies, subterranean clover), citrus and pome fruits,
grapes, stone and berry fruits, tropical fruit, vegetables and
ornamentals. Weed control studies on Parthenium hysterophorus, Eichhornia
erassipes and Nassella trichotoma, including programmes of biological
control .are described. Other topies are the animal production industries
(sheep, beef cattle, dairy eattle, goats, pigs, poultry).

1/7/13
0513807 OT055-01055
Pathogenicity of Scutellonema brachyurum to Aloe vera.
Esser, R. P.; Riherd, C. C.; Harkcom, K. J.
Fla. Dep. Agric. & Consumer Serv., Div. PI. Ind., P.O. Box 1269,
Gainesville, Florida 32602, USA.
Nematropica 1986. 16 (1): 65-71 (8 ref.)
Language: Eng~ish Summary Language: Spanish
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OT (Helminthological Abs., Ser. B)
Wet and dry weights of leaves of A. vera were greater in plants
inoculated with S. brachyurum than in uninoeulated plants 9 months after
inoculation. After 14, 26 and 30 months the inoculated plants had fewer
and smaller leaves. Symptoms produced by the nematode included leaf
stunting and chlorosis, coarse root and a decrease in the ability of aloe
to recover following leaf harvesting. Nematode genera recorded from Aloe
in Florida are listed.

2-=t/
 October 20, 1989 8:53am Page 6

1/7/14
0452199 OC056-05570
Medico-ethno botany of Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India.
Sebastian, M. K.; Bhandari, M. M.
Jodhpur University, Jodhpur 342 001, India.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1'984. 12 (2): 223-230 (13 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
The medicinal uses of 69 plants are reported including those of the
following horticultural crops: Aegle marmelos, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba,
Acacia farnesiana, Syzygium cumini, Plumbago zeylanica, Nerium indicum
[oleander], Datura stramonium, Ricinus communis,' figs and Aloe
barbadensis.

1/7/15
0452159 OC056-05582
Evaluation of the humectant properties of Aloe perryi Baker.
Evaluation des proprietes humectantes de l'Aloe perryi Baker.
Erazo, S.; Lemus, l.; Garcia, R.
Chile University, Casilla 233, Santiago, Chile.
Plantes Medicinales et Phytotherapie 1985. 19 (4): 240-247 (19 ref.)
Language: French Summary Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
The physicochemical properties of the gel extracted from the leaves are
described. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, mucilages,
free-sugars and anthraquinones, but the absence of tannins and alkaloids.
The mucilage prepared from the gel contained the monosaccharides D(+)
glucose, D(+) galactose and D(+) xylose. The gel ana rnucilage of A. perryi
closely resembled those of A. barbadensis. The mucilages of both species
were incorporated into oil/water emulsions (10%). Both increased the
hydration of human skin to a similar extent when applied for 30 days.

1/7/16
0352976 OC055-08054
Aloeresin C, a bitter C,O-diglucoside from Cape aloe.
Speranza, G.; Gramatica, P.; Dada, G.; Manitto, P.
Centro Studi Maria Branca, 20158 Milan; ltaly.
Phytochernistry 1985. 24 (7): 1571-1573 (13 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
Aloeresin e was isolated from the dried latex of Aloe vera leaves. Its
structure, 2-acetonyl-7-0-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-[2J-O-(E)-p-cou
maroyl]glucopyranosyl-5-methylchromone, was established by spectral and
chemical methods.

1/7/17
0257358 OC055-00552
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis MilI.).
Jamieson, G. l.
Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia.
 October 20, 1989 8:54am page 7

Queensland Agricultural Journal 1984. 110 (4): 220 (1 pl.)

Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
SubfiIe: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
A brief description of the medicinal properties and morphology of A.
vera is followed by an outline of the recent increase in commercial
plantations, particularly in Texas, USA, where plantings increased from 84
ha in 1978 to about 1600 ha in 1983. Average gross and net earnings have
averaged about US $20 000 and 12 000 ha-1 year-l, respectively, but were
low in 1983 due to oversupply. Prospects for A. vera production in
Queensland are discussed.

1/7/18
0249555 OC055-00551
Aloe vera, plant symbolism ano the threshing floor: light, life and good
in our heritage.
Crosswhite, F. S.; Crosswhite, C. D.
Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, USA.
Desert Plants 1984. 6 (1): 43-50 (many ref., 3 pI. (2 col.})
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
The medicinal and other uses of A. vera (also known as A. barbadensis)
in the ancient Medíterranean civilizations are reviewed and discussed.

7..9-3
 October 20, 1989 8:56am Page 1

File 53:CAB ABSTRACTS 1972-1983

SEE FILE 50 (1984+)

4/7/1
1306570 OZ002-03964
Living with desert plants through the year.
Crosswhite, F. S.
Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum, P.O. Box AB, Superior, Arizona
85273, USA.
Desert Plants 1980-81. 2 (4): 219-230
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered'Part)
Subfile: OZ (Arid Lands Development Abs. 1980-1982)
A variety of topics are treated in a popular fashion in this annual
supplement. Topics include landscaping tor wildlife; transplanting
creosote (Larrea tridentata); pollination of Stapelia (Asclepiadaceae);
using Aloe vera to treat superficial burns; cosmetic uses of jojoba
(Simmondsia chinensis); and using desert plant materials in crafts and
home decoration.
lo)
.J October 20, 1989 8:47am Page 1

File 5:BIOSIS PREVIEWS 69-89/SEP BA8809;RRM3709

(C.BIOSIS 1989)

3/7/1
0011213520 BIOSIS Number: 71083512
STRUCTURE OF THE GLUCO MANNAN ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF
ALOE-BARBADENSIS
MANDAL G; DAS A
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, JADAVPUR UNIV., CALCUTTA-700032, INDIA.
CARBOHYDR RES 87 (2). 1980 (RECD. 1981). 249-256. CODEN: CRBRA
Language: ENGLISH
The polysaccharide mixture obtained by hot-water extraction of A.
barbadensis pulp was fractionated by stepwise treatment with CaCl2 solution
and Fehling solution. This yielded apure glucomannan fraction containing
glucose and mannose in the molar ratio of 1:22. Methylation analysis of the
glucomannan furnished 2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,3,6-tri- and 2,3-di-0-methylmannose
and 2,3,6-tri-0-methylglucose in the molar ratios of 1.3:18.3:1.2:1.0.
The glucomannan reduced 1 M equivalent of periodate per hexosyl residue and
no monosaccharide survived the oxidation. Smith degradation furnished
mainly erythritol and a trace of glycerol. A structure was assigned to the
repeating unit of the glucomannan. The number-average, molecular weight
(.hivin.Mn) of the permethylated glucomannan was 1.5 .times. 104.

3/7/2
0011213015 BIOS1S Number: 71083007
THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ALOE-VERA CREAM DERMAIDE ALOE IN THERMAL
INJURIES 2 CASES
CERA L M; HEGGERS J P; ROBSON M C; HAGSTROM W J
UNIV. CHIC. HOS? CLIN., 950 EAST 59TH ST., CHICAGO, ILL. 60637, USA.
J AM ANIM HOSP ASSOC 16 (5). 1980. 768-772. CODEN: JAAHB
Language: ENGLISH
It is generally accepted that in the canine species with a 50% or more
partial or full thickness burn over the body surface area (BSA), recovery
is remote and euthanasia is recommended. Two case histories where a
therapeutic modality vs. an Aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) and tablets,
reversed the dermal ischemia of burns due to prostaglandins and abrogated a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in animals with over a 35% burn.
Bacteriological and immunohistochemical data confirms the bactericidal and
antiprostaglandin effect of Aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) and
substantiates its efficacy in the management and treatment of thermal
injuries in the canine species.

3/7/3
0011203683 BIOS1S Number: 71073675
CYTO GENETICAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO SOME GARDEN ORNAMENTALS 2. THE GENUS
ALOE
VIJ S P; SHARMA M; TOOR 1 S
DEP. OF BOTANY, PANJAB UNIV., CHAND1GARH-160014, INDIA.
CYTOLOGIA (TOKYO) 45 (3). 1980 (RECD. 1981). 515-532. CODEN: CYTOA
Language: ENGLISH
Sixteen taxa belonging to 10 spp. of Aloe were investigated. Most of
these species exist only as olplolQs. A. arborescens was tetraploid,
whereas, both diploid ana tetraploid individuals were studied in A.
arborescens varo natalensis, A. latifolia and A. vera. Apart froro unreduced

L7-)
",t
October 20, 1989 8:47am page 2

gametes and hybridization, the origin of polyploidy in the genus is

attributed also to mitotic system. Split metaphases/anaphases and/or
non-orientation and ultimate exclusion of sorne of the chromosomes accounts
for aneusomatic cells (2n = 9, 10, 11, 12) in A. aristata. Non-disjunction
leading to unequal anaphases explain$ such cells in A. humilis (2n = 13,
15) and A. vera (2n = 15). Somatic pairing as observed in A. ferox rnay also
result in such unequal segregations. While aneusomatic cells were observed
in gametic tissues of A. vera, their absence in the meiotic tissue of A.
aristata and A. humilis indicates that these cells are not selected in the
germ lineo The different species studied exhibited gross similarity in the
morphology of their bimodal karyotype, but differed in their total
chromatin length, F% and S% ratios. Satellites were observed on the long
arm of large chromosomes in A. arborescens varo natalensis, A,o ferox and A.
vera. In A. saponaria only 1 chromosome of a long pair had a satellite. The
hybrid nature of the polyploid taxa in A. latifolia and A. vera is
apparent, on the basis of their karyotypes. In A. arborescens, polyploidy
explains rneiotic abnormalities; structural heterozygosity accounts for such
aberrations in A. africana, A. ferox, A. transvaalensis and A. vera (2x).

3/7/4
0011199344 BIOSIS Number: 71069336
STRUCTURE OF THE D GALACTAN ISOLATED FROM ALOE-BARBADENSIS
MANDAL G; DAS A
DEP. CHEM., JADAVPUR UNIV., CALCUTTA 700032, INDIA.
CARBOHYDR RES 86 (2). 1980. 247-258. CODEN: eRBRA
Language: ENGLISH
Hot-water extraction of the pulp obtained by dehydrating the jelly of the
fleshy leaves of A. barbadensis furnished a mixture of polysaccharides
containing ma~n~y pectic acid, along with a D-galactan, a glucomannan, and
an arabinan. The pectic acid was partly removed by treatrnent with CaC12,
and the resulting hexose-enriched, polysaccharide mixture was fractionated
through a column of DEAE-cellulose to yield a D-galactan containing
D-galactose (92.9%) and D-galacturonic acid (3.8%). Hydrolysis of the
permethylated D-galactan furnished 2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,3,6-tri- and
2,3-di-0-methylgalactosé in the molar ratios of 1:26:1. On periodate
oxidation, the D-galactan reduced 0.95 M equivalent of the oxidant per
hexosyl res~aue, and liberated 1 M equivalent of formic acid per 26
galactosyl residues. Srnith degradation of the D-galactan afforded mainly
threitol. From these results, a structure has been assigned to the
repeating unit of the D-galactan. The nurnber-average, MW of the
peracetylated galactan was 3.74 .times. 104.

3/7/5
0011137237 BIOSIS Number: 71007229
HYPER SENSITIVITY TO ALOE
MORROW D M; RAPAPORT M J; STRICK R A
DIV. DERMATOL., UCLA ROSP., LOS ANGELES, CA. 90024.
ARCH DERMATOL 116 (9). 1980. 1064-1065. CODEN: ARDEA
Language: ENGLISH
Hypersensitivity, manifested by generalized nummular eczematous and
papular dermatitis, and presumably by contact urticaria, developed in a 47
yr old man after 4 yr of using oral and topical aloe [Aloe vera]. Patch
tests for aloe were positive in this patient.

3/7/6
0011017966 BIOSIS Number: 20017966
.-'
""
.~
Oetober 20, 1989 8:48am page 3

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN HEALTH CARE

SAYED M D
DEP. PHARMACOGN., CAIRO UNIV., CAIRO, EGYPT.
JOINT ISTITUTO ITALO-AFRICANO/WHO MEETING ON RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN
TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ROME, ITALY, APRIL
2-6, 1979. PART 1: A WORLD SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBS. J
ETH~O-PHARMACOL 2 (1). 1980. 19-22. CODEN: JOETD
Language: ENGLISH

3/7/7
0010101426 BIOSIS Number: 19038924
THERAPEUTIC USE OF NATURAL ANTHRA QUINONE FOR OTHER THAN LAXATIVE ACTIONS
ANTON R; HAAG-BERRURIER M .
FAC. PHARM., LAB. PHARMACOGN. ¡ UNIV. LOUIS-PASTEUR, 74 RTE. DU RHIN,
F-67400 ILLKIRCH-GRAFFENSTADEN, FR.
2ND SYMPOSIUM ON NATURAL ANTHRAQUINONE DRUGS, LUCERNE, SWITZERLAND, SEPT.
10-14, 1978. PHARMACOLOGY (BASEL) 20 (SUPPL. 1). 1980. 104-112.
CODEN: PHMGB
Language: ENGLISH

L7~
 October 20, 1989 8:22am Page 1

File 10:AGRICOLA - 1979-89/SEP

1/7/1
88143309 89019003 Holding Library: AGL
Using airborne middle-infrared (1.45-2.0 micron) video imagery for
dis~inguishing plant species and soil conditions
Everitt, J.H.; Escobar, D.E.; Alaniz, M.A.; Davis, M.R.
Remote sensing of environment. Aug 1987. v. 22 (3) p. 423-428. ill.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing. ISSN: 0034-4257
CODEN: RSEEA
DNAL CALL NO: Q184.R4
Language: English
Includes references.
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: Article

1/7/2
88133382 89915545 Holding Library: DLC; HML; AGL
Aloe vera / Carol Miller Kent
Kent, Carol Miller.;
115 p. ill. 22 cm.
Arlington, Va. Kent, c1979.
LeCN: 78074978 ISB~: 0686239180
DNAL CALL .NO: RM666.A414K4
Language: English
Bibliography: p. 97-115.
Place of Publication: Virginia
Subfile: OTHER ÜS (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: Monograph; Bibliographies

1/7/3
88126558 89005972 Holding Library: AGL
Cervical versus intrauterine insemination of ewes using fresh or frozen
semen diluted with aloe vera gel
Rodriguez, F.; Baldassarre, H.; Simonetti, J.; Aste, F.; Ruttle, J.L.
Theriogenology. Nov 1988. v. 30 (5) p. 843-854.
Stoneham, Mass. Butterworth Publishers. ISSN: 0093-691X CODEN:
THGNB
DNAL CALL NO: QP251.A1T5
Language: English
Includes references.
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: Article

1/7/4
88103495 88055165 Holding Library: AGL
Peroxidase in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism plants: difficulties in
determination of activity
Upadhye, A.B.; Dixit, G.B.; Karadge, B.A.
Plant physiology & biochemistry. 1986. v. 13 (1) p. 33-39.
New Delhi Society for Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. ISSN:
0254-3591 CODEN: PPHBD7
DNAL CALL NO: QK861.P54
Language: English
Includes references.
 October 20, 1989 8:22am Page 2

Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;

Document Type: Article

1/7/5
88075822 88031033 Holding Library: AGL
Two functionally and chemically distinct immunomodulatory compounds in
the_gel of Aloe vera
't Hart, L.A.; Enekevort, P.H. van; Dijk, H. van; Zaat, R.; Silva, K.T.D.
de; Labadie, R.P.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology. May/June 1988. v. 23 (1) p. 61-71.
Limerick Elsevier Scientific Publishers. ISSN: 0378-8741 CODEN:
JETHDA
DNAL CALL NO: RS160.J6
Language: English
Ineludes references.
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Artiele

1/7/6
87109426 87886333 Holding Library: WIJ; AGL
Aloe vera, jojoba and yucea the amazing health benefits they can give
you / by John Heinerman
Heinerman, John.;
25 p. ; 22 cm.
New Canaan, Conn. Keats Publishing, c1982.
A good health guide
ISBN: 087983269X (pbk.) $1.45
DNAL CALL NO: GR880.H4
Language: English
Bibliography: p. 21-25.
Place of Publieation: Conneeticut
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Doeument Type: Monograph; Bibliographies

1/7/7
87105693 87044542 Holding Library: AZUA; AGL
A comparison of anther tissue development in male sterile aloe vera and
male fertile Aloe ciliaris
Keijzer, C.J.; Cresti, M.
Annals of botany. May 1987. v. 59 (5) p. 533-542. ill.
London : Academic Press. ISSN: 0305-7364 CODEN: ANBOA4
DNAL CALL NO: 450 AN7
Language: English
Ineludes references.
Subfile: OTHER.FOREIGN;
Doeument Type: Artiele

1/7/8
87073450 87028154 Holding Library: AGL
Aloe vera and inflammation
Davis, R.E.; Kabbani, J.M.; Maro, N.P.
Proeeedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Seience. 1986. v. 60 (1) p.
67-70.
Allentown, Pa. The Academy. ISSN: 0096-9222 CODEN: PPASA
DNAL CALL NO: 500 P383
Language: English

l'7i
 October 20, 1989 8:22am Page 3

Includes references.
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: Article

1/7/9
86043749 85058043 Holding Library: AGL
A~oe vera by-products as potential energy sources
Teeter, R.G.;
Annual report Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. May 1985.
(MP-117) p. 353-356.
Stillwater : The Statibn. ISSN: 0361-8722 CODEN: OKAMA
DNAL CALL NO: 100 OK4
Language: English
Subfile: EXP STN (STATE EXPER. STN);
Document Type: Article

1/7/10
86043293 85057586 Holding Library: AGL
Aloe vera: have you really got it?
Dowling, R.;
Queensland agricultural journal. Jan/Feb 1985. v. 111 (1) p. 65. ill.
Brisbane : Department of Primary Industries. ISSN: 0033-6076 CODEN:
QAGJA
DNAL CALL NO: 23 Q33
Language: English
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Article

1/7/11
86041066 85060319 Holding Library: GUA; AGL
Leaf spot diseases of aloe barbadensis
Gupta, R.C.; Saxen~, A.; Pandey, K.N.
Indian phytopathology. Sept 1984. v. 37 (3) p. 583-584.
New Delhi : Indian Phytopathological Society. ISSN: 0367-973X
CODEN: IPHYA
DNAL CALL NO: 464.8 IN2
Language: English
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Article

1/7/13
86013008 85033532 Holding Library: AGL
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadens~s MilI.)
Jamieson, G.l.!
Queensland agricultural journal. July/Aug 1984. V. 110 (4) p. 220. 111.
Brisbane : Department oi Primary Industries. ISSN: 0033-6076 CODEN:
QAGJA
DNAL CALL NO: 23 Q33
Language: English
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Article

1/7/14
85091273 84133188 Holding Library: AZUA; AGL
Aloe vera, plant symbolism and the threshing floor: Light, life and good
 October 20, 1989 8:23am Page 4

in our heritage (Aloe barbadensis)

Crosswhite, F.S.; Crosswhite, C.D.
Desert plants. v. 6 (1) ,1984. p. 43-50. ill.
Superior : , University of Arizona.
NAL: QK938.D4D4
Language: English
Includes 1 p. references.
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: ARTICLE

1/7/15
85080572 84005831 Holding Library: AGB
Dietary supplements and health aids--A critical ,ev~luation: Part
3--Natural and miscellaneous products
Dubick, Michael A.;
Journal of nutrition education. v. 15 (4) , Dec 1983. p. 123-129.
Oakland, Calif. , Society for Nutrition Education. ISSN: 0022-3182
Local Call No: TX341.J6
Language: English
Literature review.
Includes 106 references.
Intellectual Level: GENERAL
Subfile: FNC (FOOD AND NUTRITION); OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA;
SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: REVIEW; ARTICLE
Abstract: Many products for sale contain the word "natural ll on the label
because consumers believe these products are healthier and safer. The
products fall into 2 categories, food-related and miscellaneous. Ten
products from the first group which are discussed include acidophilus
tablets, ac~aopn~~us milk (as used for lactose intolerance), aloe vera, bee
pollen, brewer' s yeast, garlic, ginseng, herbal preparation, spirulina (a
blue-green algae), and wheat germ and wheat germ oil. Miscellaneous
products include flavonoids which are shown to reduce capillary
permeability, gerovital H-3 an anti-aging nutritional factor, hair
products, inositol an anti-hair loss factor, laetrile, nucleic acids,
pangamic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid, and the placebo effect which does
not specifically act on a patient's symptoms or a~sease. Many of the
effects these products can produce in humans are unknown. (kbc)

1/7/16
83013521 82052778 Holding Library: AGL
Differential staining of kinetochores in the somatic metaphase
chromosomes of Allium cepa by a simple aceto-orcein technique (Aloe vera,
Rhoeo spathacea, Tradescant~a virginiana)
Das, T.K.; Bha~ja, P.
Caryologia. v. 34 (3) ,Jul/Sept 1981. p. 297-300. ill.
Firenze, I Universita degli studi di Firenze. ISSN: 0008-7114
NAL: 442.8 C25
Language: English
Includes 1 p. ref.
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: ARTICLE

1/7/17
82101966 82762550 Holding Library: DLC; DLC; AGL
The silent healer a modern study of aloe vera / by Bill C. Coats,

z.'2¡
 October 20, 1989 8:24am Page 5

with Robert Ahola. -

Coats, Bill C.; Ahola, Robert.
vii, 295 p., (1) leaf of plates ill. (sorne col.) 29 cm.
Garland, Tex. Coats, c1979.
LCCN: 80147438 ISBN: ---$27.50
LC: RM666.A414C63 NAL: RM666.A414C63
L~nguage: English
1ncludes indexes.
Bibliography: p. 279-285.
Place of Publication: TEXAS
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; S1NCE 12/76);
Docurnent Type: MONOGRAPH

1/7/18
81135533 81029724 Holding Library: AGL
Effects of Aloe (Aloe vera) extracts on human normal and tumor cells in
vitro.
Winters, W.D.; Benavides, R.; Clouse, W.J.
Econornic botany. v. 35 (1) ,Jan/Mar 1981. p. 89-95. ill.
Bronx, N.Y., , New York Botanical Garden. 1SSN: 0013-0001
NAL: 450 EC7
17 ref.
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Docurnent Type: ARTICLE

1/7/19
81105273 81006230 Holding Library: AGL
Aloe vera--fact or quackery (Medicinal plants).
Spoerke, D.G.; Zkins, B.R.
Veterinary and human toxicology. v. 22 (6) , Dec 1980. p. 418-424.
Manhattan, Kan., , American College or Veterinary Toxicologists. ISSN:
0145-6296
NAL: SF601.A47
Language: ENGLISH
41 ref.
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Docurnent Type: ARTICLE

1/7/20
81096224 80143054 Holding Library: AGL
The therapeutic efficacy of Aloe verá crearn (Dermaide Aloe) in thermal
injuries: two case reports (Dogs).
Cera, L.M.; Heggers, J.P.; Robson, M.C.; Hagstrorn, W.J.
The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. v. 16 (5)
Sept/Oct 1980. p. 768-772. ill.
South Bend, , The Association. ISSN: 0587-2871
NAL: SF601.A5
Language: ENGLISH
13 ref.
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: ARTICLE

1/7/21
80149010 80062538 Holding Library: AGL
Occurrence of triploidy in Aloe vera Tourn. ex Linn
Abraham, Z.; Prasad, P.N.
 October 20, 1989 8:24am page 6

Current science. v. 48 (22) , Nov 20, 1979. p. 1001-1002. ill.

Bangalore, , Current Science Association. ISSN: 0011-3891
NAL: 475 SCI23
Language: ENGLISH
9 ref.
Subfile: OTHER USDA;
Document Type: ARTICLE

1/7/22
79063921 79052615 Holding Library: AGL
Structural studies of polysaccharides from Aloe vera
Gowda, D.C.; Neelisiddaiah, B.
Carbohydrate research v. 72 1 July 1979. p. 201-205. fill.-
Amsterdam, , Elsevier Scientific Publishing Ca. ISSN: 0008-6215
NAL: 385 C172
Language: ENGLISH
14 ref ;
Document Type: ARTICLE

1/7/23
79063019 79051706 nolding Library: AGL
A chemical investigation of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Leaves, medicinal
plants).
Waller, G.R.; Mangiafico, S.
Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of ScienceOklahoma Academy of
Science. v. 58 ,1978. p. 69-76. ill.
n.p. ISSN: 0078-4303
NAL: 500 OK42
Language: ENGLISli
Sponsoring Agency: Merrick Foundation ana National Science Foundation
Contract No: BMS 70-00583-A02
37 ref
Subfile: OTHER US (NOT EXP STN, EXT, USDA; SINCE 12/76);
Document Type: REVIEW; ARTICLE

1/7/24
79062917 79051604 Holding Library: AGL
In defence of the name Aloe vera
Newton, L. E. ;
The Cactus and succulent journal of Great Britain v. 41 (2) , May 1979.
p. 29-30.
Surrey ISSN: 0007-9375
NAL: 450 C113
Language: ENGLISH
4 ref ;
Document Type: ARTICL~

1/7/25
79028903 -79020896 Holding Library: AGL
The effect of extracts of Aloe barbadensís MilI leaves on the fertility
of female rats
Goswami, C.S.; Bokadia, M.M.
lndian drugs v. 16 (6) , Mar 1979. p. 124-125. ill.
Bambay, , Indian Drug Manufacturers l Association ISSN: 0019-462X
NAL: RM1.15
Language: ENGLISH

191
 October 20, 1989 8:25am Page 7

9 ref ;
Document Type: ARTICLE
 October 20, 1989 9:26am page 1

File 187:F-D-C REPORTS 1987-0CT 13,1989

4/7/4
00049848 F-D-C Accession Number 15511340
The Pink Sheet -- March 27, 1989
Volume 51, Issue 13

FDA RECALLS & COURT ACTIONS

RECALL CLASS: SEIZURE ACTION FILED

FDA PUBLICATION DATE OF RECALL: March 22, 1989
NAME OF RECALLED PRODUCT: ANIMAL MEDIC FRESH CHARGER AND ALOE-MED ALOE
VERA UDDER CREAM

MANUFACTURER: Animal Medie, Inc., Manchester, Pennsylvania.

RECALL REASON OR CHARGE: Unapproved new animal drug; inadequate
directions for use.
FILED: Feb. 3, 1989 -- U.S. District Court for the Middle District of
Pennsylvania; Civil #89-0180, FDC #65593.

4/7/5
00047493 F-D-C Accession Number 15504923
The Pink Sheet -- December 5, 1988
Volume 50, Issue 49

Solarcaine severe sunburn relief spray gets reg letter from FDA.

SOLARCAINE SEVERE SUNBURN RELIEF SPRAY SERIOUSLY MISBRANDED ' and

I

subject to possible enforcement action, FDA told Schering-Plough in a Nov.

5 reg letter. The agency said it considers the lidocaine/aloe vera product
seriously misbranded ' I in that it is not aware of any substantial
scientific evidence which establishes that a formulation of lidocaine, aloe
vera and other ingredients ... are generally recognized as safe and effective
GRAS/E for the treatment of severe sunburn and severe sunburn pain and
healing sun damaged skin. 1 I The 2% lidocaine product is new this year.

The 1983 OTC External Analgesic Drug Products TFM lists 0.5% to 4%
lidocaine as GRAS/E for the temporary relief of pain ... associated with
minor burns and sunburn, I 1 FDA noted. In addition, FDA said i t is not
aware of any OTC drug containing the Solarcaine formula -- lidocaine alone
or in combination with aloe vera -- marketed in the U.S. prior to the Dec.
4, 1975 cut-off date Íor exemption from OTC review with indications for
severe sunburn, I I severe sunburn pain t I or to heal sun damaged
skin. 1 1

FDA also warned that it is seriously concerned' I with the way the
product is marketed since severe sunburn and sunourn pain are potential
health hazards' 1 that require physician attention.

The product has been promoted in print ads as a treatment for a

preschool child with asevere sunburn over most of the child's body,' I
according to FDA. This promotion and other statements and representations
in the labeling present a potential health hazard, 1 1 the agency maintains,

2'65
 Oetober 20, 1989 9:26am Page 2

sinee the conditions the ad claims that the product treats are not
amenable to self diagnosis and treatment by the laity.' ,

The reg letter also eharges that Solarcaine Pure Aloe Severe Sunburn
Relief Spray is in serious violation' I of the FD&C Act section 502(a) for
labeling that is misoranded and false and misleading.' I The product's
warning label is misleading and contradictory' r in that it says to
consult a physician out offers the product for self treatment.

Further, the label is misleading in that it includes pure aloe" in

the name and features the term aloe' in juxtaposition with and in larger
type than the only declared active ingredient, lidocaine, and otherwise
features aloe vera in a manner that creates an impression of greater
value ... while at the same t~me failing to declare 'aloe v~ra gel' as an
active ingredient,' I FDA said.

The agency also charges that the product is a drug, lidocaine topical
aerosol, which is listed in the United States Pharmacopeia, and should
therefore be required to state the concentration of lidocaine presento In
addition, the product does not carry adequate directions for use and is an
unapproved new drug for the conditions it claims to treat. The letter, from
Off ice of Compliance Director Daniel Michels to Plough Personal Care Group
President Michael Pietrangelo, gave the company 10 days to respondo Plough
met with the ageney on Nov. 22, FDA said.

4/7/7
00046875 F-D-C Accession Number 15504432
The Pink Sheet -- October 31, 1988
Volume 50, Issue 44

FDA RECALLS & COURT ACTIONS

RECALL CLASS: CLASS I1

FDA PUBLICATION DATE OF RECALL: Oct. 26, 1988
NAME OF RECALLED PRODUCT: ALOE VERA TOPICAL SKIN SPRAY
In 4 ounee bottles. Lot #21788.
MANUFACTURER: Aloe Products, rnc., Kerrville, Texas.
RECALLED BY: Manufacturer, by telephone Oét. 10, 1988. Firm initiated
recall ongoing.
DISTRIBUTrON: Arizona, Canada. 3 cases (24 bottles/case) were
distributed.
RECALL REASON OR CHARGE: Bacterial contamination.

4/7/8
00042778 F-D-C Accession Number 15501926
The Pink Sheet -- May 9, 1988
Volume 50, Issue 19

FDA RECALLS & COURT ACTrONS

RECALL CLASS: CLASS Ir

FDA PUBLrCATION DATE OF RECALL: May 4, 1988
NAME OF RECALLED PRODUCT: ALOE VERA TOPICAL SKIN PRODUCT
In 4 ounce spray bottles, an OTC drug. Lot #97187.
 October 20, 1989 9:26am page 3

MANUFACTURER: Aloe Products, Inc., Kerrville, Texas.

RECALLED BY: Manufacturer, by telephone on or about Apríl 5, 1988. Firm
initiated recall ongoing.
DISTRIBUTION: Arizona, California, Florida, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas,
Canada, Sweden. 108 cases (12 bott¡es/case) were distributed.
RECALL REASON OR CHARGE: Pseudomonas cepacia contamination.

2&1
 October 20, 1989 9:33am Page 1

File 470:BOOKS IN PRINT THRU 1989/SEP

(COPR. 1989 R. R. BOWKER)

3/7/4 (Item 1 from file: 470)

00947054 0346707XX STATUS: Active entry
TITLE: Aloe Vera, Jojoba & Yucca
AtiTHOR: Heinerman, John
SERIES: Good Health Guide Ser.
PUBLISHER: Keats PUBLICATION DATE: 04/1982 (820401)
EDITION: Orig. Ea. NO. OF PAGES: 32p.
BINDING: papo - $1.95
ISBN: 0-87983-269-X
VOLUME(S): N/A
ORDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: N/A

3/7/5 (Item 2 trom file: 470)

00603911 0779669XX STATUS: Active entry
TITLE: Aloe Vera: The Miracle Plant
AUTHOR: Fit Magazine Editors
PUBLISHER: Anderson World PUBLICATION DATE: 06/1983 (830601)
NO. OF PAGES: 64p.
BINDING: papo - $3.95
ISBN: 0-89037-261-6
VO LUME ( S): N/A
ORDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: N/A

3/7/6 (Item 3 from file: 470)

00596334 0789778XX STATUS: Out of print (01-87)
TITLE: Aloe Vera Use
AUTHOR: Center for Self-Sufficiency, Research Division Staff
PUBLISHER: Prosperity & Profits PUBLICATION DATE: 08/1983 (830801)
NO. OF PAGES: 20p.
BINDING: papo text ed. - $1.95
ISBN: 0-910811-39-3
VO L UME ( S): N/ A
ORDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: Pub. by Center Self Suff

"*00593345
3/7/7 (Item 4 froro file: 470)
0794732XX STATUS: Out of print (03-86)
TITLE: Aloe Vera: Stabilization & Processing for the Cosmetic, Food &
Beverage Industries
AUTHOR: Morsy, Esaro M.
PUBLISHER: Erde Intl PUBLICATION DATE: 08/1982 (820801)
EDITION: Orig. Ed.; 2nd ed. NO. OF PAGES: 160p.
BINDING: Lib. Bdg - $85.00
ISBN: 0-911973-00-1
VOLUME(S): N/A
ORDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: N/A

~;:,
3/7/8 (Item 5 trom file: 470)
00463998 1127727XX STATUS: Active entry
 October 20, 1989 9:33am page 2

TITLE: Aloe Vera: Stabilization & Processing for the Cosmetic, Food &
Beverage Industries
AUTHOR: Morsey, Esam M.
PUBLISHER: Erde Intl PUBLICATION DATE: 1985 (850101)
EDITION: 3rd ea.
BINDING: Lib. Bdg - S85.00
ISBN: 0-317-14729-3
VOLUME(S): N/A
ORDER NO.: N/ A
IMPRINT: N/A

3/7/9 (Item 6 from file: 470)

00434630 1168864XX STATUS: Active entry
TITLE: Aloe Vera Use Poetry Pages
AUTHOR: Data Notes Research Project
PUBLISHER: Prosperity & Profits PUBLICATION DATE: 10/1985 (851001)
NO. OF PAGES: 6p.
BINDING: papo text ed. - $3.00
ISBN: 0-911569-81-2
VOLUME(S): N/A
ORDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: Pub. by Data Notes

3/7/10 (Item 7 froID file: 470)

00377738 1359388XX STATUS: Out of print (07-87)
TITLE: Aloe Vera
AUTHOR: Bloornfield, Frena
PUBLISHER: David & Charles PUBLICATION DATE: 02/1986 (860201)
EDITION: First U.S. Ed. NO. OF PAGES: 64p.
BINDING: papo - $3.95
ISBN: 0-7126-1007-3
VOLUME(S): N/A
ORDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: Pub. by Century Hutchinson

3/7/11 (Item 8 froID file: 470)

00164580 1717366XX STATUS: Active entry
TITLE: Aloe Vera
AUTHOR: Gage, Diane
PUBLISHER: Inner Tradit PUBLICATION DATE: 07/1988 (880701)
NO. OF PAGES: 1609.
BINDING: papo - S5.95
ISBN: 0-89281-232-X
VOLUf\1E ( S): N/A
ORDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: Healing Arts VT

231
 October 20, 1989 9:31am page 1

File 430:BRITISH BOOKS IN PRINT SEP 89

(C 1989 J. WHITAKER & SONS LTD)

3/7/1 (Item 1 from file: 430)

0979458 DATE ENTERED: 890515 STATUS IN FILE: Changed
Aloe Vera
Bloomfield Frena
SERIES: Miraele Plants S.
Century Pub.Co. Oct 85
C8.64.
BINDING: Paperbaek PRICE: L1.95 ISBN: 0712610073
PRINT STATUS: Out of Print

3/7/2 (Item 2 from file: 430)

0438295 DATE ENTERED: 861021 STATUS IN FILE: New
Aloe Vera: The Miracle Plant
Anderson Wld.,U.S. Jun 83: Selpress
D8.64. r.e.
BINDING: Paperbaek PRICE: L3.00 ISBN: 0890372616
PRINT STATUS: Out or Print

3/7/3 (Item 3 from file: 430)

0435578 DATE ENTERED: 861021 STATUS IN FILE: New
Aloe Vera, Jojoba, Yucca
Heinerman John
Keats Pub.lne. Jan 86: Fountain P.
scs.
BINDING: Paperback PRICE: LO.95 ISBN: 087983269x
PRINT STATUS: In Print
 October 20, 1989 9:29am Page 1

File 35:DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS ONLINE 1861-0CT 89

(Copr University Microfilms)

1/7/1
1014827 ORDER NO: AAD13-32951
A COMPARISON OF ALOE VERA GEL, VEHICLE BASE, AND NORMAL SALINE iN THE
HEALING OF PRESSURE SORES
Author: TROMAS, ANNE COLVIN
Degree: M.S.N.
Year: 1987
Corporate Source/lnstitution: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT A~LINGTON (2502
)
SUPERVISOR: WANDA J. THOMPSON
Source: VOLUME 26/04 of MASTERS ABSTRACTS.
PAGE 426. 129 PAGES

The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the percent

change in wound closure of pressure sores as measured by volume and area
among three groups: normal saline, ALe gel, and vehicle base.
Ten subjects participated in the randomized double-blind experimental
study. The Kundin tool, acetate transparency tracings, and 35 mm
photographs taken with a Nikon FE2 camera were used to measure the pressure
sores. Photographs ana acetate tracings were subjected to a digitizing pad
to calculate area. A paired comparison T-test was performed on the area
measurements of three methods. The acetate transparency areas appeared to
be the most accurate measurements, significant at the.0001 level.
A repeated measures ANOVA using the general linear model procedure was
performed to test the hypothes.es. No significant difference was found in
the percent change of wound closure over time between the group scores or
within the group scores.

1/7/3
885422 ORDER NO: AAD13-24950
EXPERIMENTAL USE OF ALOE VERA GEL ON BULL SEMEN PROCESSING.
Author: RODRIGUEZ, FERNANDO
Degree: M.S.
Year: 1984
Corporate Source/lnstitution: SUL ROSS STATE UNIVERSITY (0906)
Source: VOLUME 23/03 of MASTERS ABSTRACTS.
PAGE 349. 87 PAGES

29.1
 October 20, 1989 9:09am Page 1

File 187:F-D-C REPORTS 1987-0CT 13,1989

4/7/1
00052827 F-D-C Accession Number 09103207
-The Rose Sheet -- August 7, 1989
Vdlume 10, Issue 32

Colgate-Palmolive launching Softsoap Anti-Bacterial Moisturizing Soap

and Shower Gel.

SOFTSOAP ANTI-BACTERIAL MOISTURIZING LIQUID SOAP will ~e p~sitioned as a

gentle, non-irritating' I germ-killing formula, according to
Colgate-Palmolive subsidiary Softsoap Enterprises. Shipping now, the liquid
hand soap contains the anti-bacterial chloroxylenol and four moisturizers
aloe vera, glycerin, soap protein and polyquaternium. It will join
Dial's Dial Liquid anti-bacterial soap with triclosan, which was introduced
last year (The Rose Sheet" Nov. 7, p. 7).

Print ads are scheduled to appear in September issues of women's

magazines; TV ads will debut in October. Consumer promotions include the
distribution of approximately 60 mil. coupons in 1989, beginning with a 40
cents-off coupon in October free-standing-inserts. Packaging, a clear pump
with an outer carton, states, Kills germs. Gentle to your skin." Average
retail prices are $1.59 for an 8 oz. pump and $2.29 for a 16 OZ. refill.
Softsoap is also expana~ng the liquid soap line with Shower Gel,
available in two formulas -- Deodorant and Moisturizing. Softsoap Shower
Gel is currently the only product in its category in the U.S., according to
a company spokesperson.

The liquid shower soap is packaged in a clear 8 oz. battle with a cap
that hooks over the shower head. The gel also can be used as a shampoo,
according to Softsoap. The average retail price is $1.79.

Colgate is targeting Shower Gel at 18-34 year-olds with upbeat,

visually-ariented" TV ads that resemble a music video, the spokesperson
said. The tagline is A fresh new way to work yourself into a lather. New
Shower Gel from Softsoap' '; the ads broke in July. The firm plans to
distribute 100 mil. coupons in 1989. The new products are the first to be
introduced since Colgate acquired Softsoap fram Minnetanka in 1987.

4/7/2
00052713 F-D-C Accessian Number 09103107
The Rose Sheet -- July 31, 1989
Volume lO, Issue 31

Chese-Pand's revamped Vaseline Intensive Care Latian contains more

healing ingredients' l .

CHESE-POND'S REVAMPED VASELINE INTENSIVE CARE LOTIONS are repackaged and

formulated to be even more therapeutic for combating dry skin,"
accarding to the firmo Chese-Pond's has refarmulated the 20-year-old brand
to make it more competitive with the growing therapeutic lotion market and
 "',
October 20, 1989 9:09am page 2

to meet the needs of an aging consumer population," the firm said. The
four new formulas, scheau~ed to be in stores in Dctober, contain higher
levels of glycerin -- a humectant which helps to attract water from the
environment and share it with the skin" -- ano are non-greasy, the firm
said. The lotions also continue to work after hand washing, according to
Chese-Pond's.

Advertising and promotional backing for the Vaseline Intensive Care line
will total $34 mil. in 1989, the firm said. A new TV and print ad campaign
is scheduled to begin in October to introduce the revamped lineo
The new bottles are rectangular rather than slepe-shouldered, with wide
flip-tep lids. Packaging states New. Improved. More healing
ingredients. '1 The directiens indicate use fer Treating r~ugh.' dry hands,
elbows. After-shower moisturizing. Lubricates under shave cream,
after-shave moisturizing. After-sun moisturizing. " Suggested retail prices
for the line are $1.55 fer a 2.5 ez. travel tube, $2 fer a 6 oz. bottle,
$2.45 fer 10 OZ., and $3.35 for 15 OZ.

Regular Vaseline Intensive Care lotíon starts healíng dry skín on

contact, ' 1 and the Aloe & Lanolin formula combines the beneficial
properties of Aloe Vera Gel and the softening effects of lanolin to
condition over-dry ski n on contact, I r Chese-Pond's noted. Extra Strength
Vaseline for severely dry skin has as ingredients petrolatum and zinc oxide
which forms an occlusive barrier that helps the skin retain its own
natural moisture"; the lotion relieves chapping, redness and soreness, , ,
the firm said. Sensitive Skin Formula with vitamin E contains menthol, an
anti-puritic for relief froro itching. t I

4/7/3
00052554 F-D-C Accession Number 09103008
The Rose Sheet -- July 24, 1989
Volume 10, Issue 30

Helene Curtis backing Suave, Finesse and Salon Selectives with $92 mil.
ad/promo spending.

HELENE CURTIS' $17 MIL. SUAVE AD BUDGET in 1989 includes $7 mil. each for
the brand's restaged hair care line and for Suave antiperspirants,
reflecting the 50% growth last year of the 15-SKU antiperspirant lineo Ads
are slated to begin this month. The remaining $3 mil. will be used to
support Suave skin care, including the introduction of Suave Hand and Nail
Lotion in August. The lotion contains keratin, aloe vera and vitamin E. The
average retail price ,fer the 10 oz. bottle is $1.49.

Curtis has allocated a total of $61 mil. in advertising in 1989 for its
three keystone brands and an additional $31 mil. in consumer promotions.
The firm plans to distribute 26 mil. samples and 1.4 bil. coupons.

The over $100 mil. volume Salon Selectives hair care line will be backed
with a $22.5 mil. ad campaign. The ads, scheduled to break Sept. 1, will
focus en instructing consumers how to choose the cerrect products for
different hair types. Curtis' third brand, Finesse, will receive $21.4 mil.
in ad support, wíth new spots airing in Dctober emphasizing Finesse styling
aids.

2r~
 October 20, 1989 9:14am Page 1

4/7/6
00047094 F-D-C Accession Number 09094508
The Rose Sheet -- November 7, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 45

Dial liquid and Softsoap anti-bacterial liguid soaps launching

nationwide.

DIAL LIQUID ANTI-BACTERIAL SOAP WITH TRICLOSAN is the first consumer

liquid hand soap to contain the germ killer and anti-microbial ingredient,
according to Armour-Dial. Dial Liguid will be positioned to consumers
primarily as a handwashing soap that kills germs o~ coptact, removes
bacteria and continues to inhibit bacterial growth after use while still
being mild to skin. The soap is formulated with the moisturizer Lauramide
DEA. The product is currently rolling out nationwide following market
testing which began ayear ago in Grand Junction, CO and Marion, IN.

Triclosan is found in other consumer bath soaps, including Lever

Brothers' Shield deodorant bar, and has long been used in industrial and
institutional products, Armour-Dial said. New Dial Liguid is considered an
OTC drug. Dial bar soap, which uses triclocarban as its active
anti-bacterial ingredient, is also an OTC.
Armour-Dial plans to introduce Dial Liguid via a TV ad campaign designed
by DDB Needham, Chicago. In addition to consumer ads, Armour-Dial plans to
promote the product to day care and health care centers, nursing homes,
doctors and dentists for general hygienic handwashing use.

Dial Liguid is available in an 8 oz. clear pump bottle with a suggested

retail price of $1.79. A 16 oz. refill is $2.49. The soap itself is a
rich gold-colored formula." It has a fragrance similar to Dial bar soap.
Dial bar soap currently holds more than a 12% share of the market, a
company spokesperson indicated. The company's other personal care soap
products include Tone, Pure & Natural, Sweetheart and Boraxo powder.

The product is the firm's second foray into the liquid soap market. In
1981, Liqua-4 was launched as a shower soap, but proved unsuccessful and
was later discontinued. The liguid segment was pioneered in 1978 by
Minnetonka with Softsoap, which was acquired in 1987 by Colgate-Palmolive.
When Colgate bought the brand, it was the category leader with a more than
one-third share of the market.

Softsoap also has launched an anti-bacteríal formula of its líguid soap

brand. The product is being offered as a 15 oz. refill for its pump
packages, and is includea in a print ad campaign which broke this fallo

Softsoap's anti-microbial formula contains chloroxylenol (also known as

PCMX) as its active ingrediente The anti-microbial formula is retail priced
at a suggested $1.79-$1.89. Softsoap has two other formulas, original and
aloe vera. The new formula should appeal to a 10%-15% segment of liquid
soap users, a company spokesperson maintained.

Both Dial's triclosan ana Softsoapls chloroxylenol are considered

Category II1 (insufficient data to permit classification as safe and
effective) in FDA's tentative final monograph (TFM) for topical
anti-infectives. The OTC review panel found triclosan to be Category II1
 October 20, 1989 9:14am Page 2

for health care personnel handwash, patient handwash, pre-surgical scrub

and preoperative skin preparation indications.
However, the agency will be publishing an amended TFM in the near future
in which the classification of the two ingredients could change. According
to the latest regulatory agenda, published in the Oct. 24 Federal Register,
the_ revision could be made public in February. Dial says both in-house and
outside testing results prove triclosan's effectiveness as an
anti-microbial ingrediente

4/7/9
00041812 F-D-C Accession Number 09091208
The Rose Sheet -- March 21, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 12

Cutex Strong Nail with Knox Gelatine muscling into protective nail care
market in June.

CUTEX STRONG NAIL WITH KNOX GELATINE LAUNCHING WITH $3 MIL. in print ad
support from July through December following the June roll-out of the new
Cutex nail enamel and treatment linee Double-page ads, scheduled to break
in July magazines, picture perfectly manicured nails prying open jail bars.
The tag line reads Cutex. So strong it's criminal!" Cutex Strong Nail is
targeted at women who want a long-lasting product which provides both
protective benefits and color, according to Cutex.

The Knox gelatine in Cutex Strong Nail binds with nylon fibers to form
a reinforced web" and a hard, durable finish" which protects nails from
splitting, cracking and chipping, the firm says.

The gelatine also helps to form a protective shield to se al in

critical moisture" as well as serving to stabilize ' I the polish so
separation and settling do not occur, according to Cutex. Knox products are
manufactured by the Thomas J. Lipton company, which, like Cutex parent
Chese-Pondls, is a Unilever subsidiary. In the past, drinking gelatine or
taking gelatine tablets has baen popularly considered as a means of
strengthening nails.

The six salan tested'l nail fitness l I products in the Strong Nail
line include Stain-Resistant Adhering Basecoat to protect nails from
staining and turning yellow, and Ridgefilling Basecoat with Silk and
Calcium. Other Strong Nail treatments are Moisturizing Cuticle Remover and
Nail Developer with Aloe Vera and Vitamin E. The Nail Developer 1s an
intensive treatment' I designed as a daily regimen for problem nails, l '
accoralng to Cutex. Rounding out the Strong Naj.l line are Chip-Resistant
Topcoat and Brilliant Shiny Topcoat.

Strong Nail joins Cutexls Perfect Color nail treatment products and
fashion color enamels; the 44 shades of Perfect Color enamel had wholesale
volume oi $13 mil. in 1987 and captured an 8% share of the market,
according to a company spokesperson.

Strong Nail is slightly more expensive than Cutex Perfect Color, which
has a suggested retail price oi $1.70. Cutex Strong Nail nail enamels will

2? 5'
 October 20, 1989 9:14am Page 3

be available in 32 shades tor $2. Each of the nail treatments is also $2.

4/7/10
00041692 F-D-C Accession Number 09091106
T4e Rose Sheet -- March 14, 1988
Volume 9, Issue 11

Dep extending Cuticura with 2% coal tar dandruff shampoo and liquid
facial cleanser.

DEP CUTICURA DANDRUFF SHAMPOO IS FIRST OF SEVERAL LINE ~XTE~SIONS planned

by the company to the Cuticura medicated soap brand, a spokesperson said.
Cuticura Medicated Shampoo with 2% soluble coal tar extract is currently
being introduced at mass market outlets. An 8 OZ. bottle is competitively
priced 11 with 4 OZ. and 6 oz. sizes of Neutrogena1s T/Gel and Whitehall1s
Denorex, according to Dep. 2% coal tar T/Gel and Denorex with 9% coal tar
are retail priced in the $4.25 range.

The Cuticura line is also being extended with a medicated liquid facial
cleanser as an alternative to the original medicated bar soap. Separate ads
for the shampoo and cleanser will break in April issues of People,
Cosmopolitan, Vogue, and other magazines, Dep said.

Dep1s long term commitment' 1 to expanding the Cuticura line is part or

an overall strategy to increase sales for four toiletries brands acquired
in the earIy 1987 Jeffrey Martín purchase. The company also plans to begin
_ a major' r ad campaign for Porcelana Fade Cream in April, is currently
introducing a pump version of Topol after repackaging and repositíoning the
anti-stain toothpaste last summer, and recently added a mint-flavored
version to Lavoris mouthwash.

Revenues from tne acquired brands combined with higher unit sales of Dep
hair care products to boost FY 1988 secona quarter revenues 45.8% to $20.9
mil., the company announced March 7. For Lhe naIf ended Jan. 31, sales
totaled $43.7 mil., UD 77.8%. New Dep products incluae an Aloe Vera extra
conditioning shampoo and conditioner.

Net income soarea 845.7% in the secona quarter to $1.2 mil.,

contributing to a six month total of $2.3 mil. The 45.8% rise in earnings
for the first haIf was the result of both a decrease in selling expenses as
a percentage of sales ana a reduction in interest expense, Dep said.
Interest expenses had a significantly adverse etfect on earnings in the
year-earlier periodo

Dep has paid off all but $8.2 mil. of the $59 mil. debt incurred by the
purchase of Jeffrey Martin, according to a spokesperson.

The company plans to further reauce the debt with payments from cash
flow and Lne divestitures of the remaining non-essential Jeffrey Martin
brands .. Bantron Smoking Deterrent Tablets and Ayds Appetite Suppressant
Candies are both still on the selling block. Sales of Ayds have been
negatively impacted by the AIDS epidemic. Dep is considering a name change,
and is test-marketing the brand abroad as Aydslim.

21~
 October 20, 1989 9:09am Page 3

File 8:COMPENDEX PLUS - 70-89/0CT

Copr. Engineering rnfo Inc. 1989)

1/7/1
02333817 E.r. Monthly No: EI8711116129
Title: USING AIRBORNE MIDDLE-INFRARED (1. 45-2. O MU M) VIDEO IMAGERY FOR
DISTINGUrSHING PLANT SPECIES AND SOIL CONDITIONS.
Author: Everitt, J. H.; Escobar, D. E.; Alaniz, M. A.; Davis, M. R.
Corporate Source: USDA, Weslaco, TX, USA
Seurce: Remete Sensíng of Environment v 22 n 3 Aug 1987 P 423-428
Publication Year: 1987
CODEN: RSEEA7 ISSN: 0034-4257
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8711
Abstract: This naDer describes the use of a bIack-and-white
visíbIe/infrared (O. 4-2. 4 MU m) sensitive Vloeo camera, filtered to
record radiation within the 1. 45-2. O MU m middle-infrared water
absorption regíon, for díscríminating among pIant species ana soil
conditions. The camera provided adequate quaIity airborne imagery that
dístínguíshed the succulent plant species oníons (Allium cepum L. ) ana
aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis MilI. ) from nonsucculent pIant species.
Moreover, wet soíl, ary crusted soil, ana dry fallow soil coula be
differential in middle-infrared video images. Succulent plants, owever,
could not be distinguished from wet soil or water. These results show that
middle-infrared video imagery has potential use for remote sensing research
and applications. (Author abstract) Refs.

217
 October 20. 1989 2:57pm Page 1
-j,

File 74:INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL ABS. - 70-89/SEP

(Copr. ASHP 1989)

3/7/1
1584578 26-04112
Two functionally and chemically distinct immunomodulatory compounds in
the gel of Aloe vera
Hart, L. A.; Van Enckevort, P. H.; Van Dijk, H.; Zaat, R.; LaBadie, R. P.
; et al
Dept. of Chem. Pharm .. Pharmacognosy Sec., Fac. of Pharm., State Univ. of
Utrecht. Catharijnesingel 60, 3511 GH Utrecht, Netherlands
J. Ethno Pharmacol. 23: 61-71 (May-Jun) 1988
Coden: JOETD7
Languages: English
(18 References)
The isolation and characterization of 2 fractions from the aqucous
extract of Aloe vera gel with immunomodulatory activity in vitro are
described.
Victor Origoni

3/7/2
1576262 25-10031
Why natural? Scientific support of natural materials
Gans. E. H.
Hastings Assoc., 5 Fairview Dr., Westport, CT 06880
Cosmet. Toilet. 102:21-22,24-26 (Jun) 1987
Coden: CTOIDG
Languages: English
(7 References)
A review of sorne examples of natural rnaterials with controlled,
scientific evidence supporting their quality, their performance, or both is
presented and includes assessing the reproducibility and potency of aloe
vera; the structure, effectiveness and potency of alpha-bisabolol
(bisabolol); the anti-seborrheic effect of lipoplastidines; and the tanning
efficacy of Unipertan P-24 (protein hydrolysates).
Victor Origoni

3/7/5
1569998 25-03767
Aloe vera gel
Shirolkar, S.
UDCT, Matunga. Bombay, India
Pharma Times 19:20-21 (Feb) 1987
Coden: PHRTAI
Languages: English
A brief description of the plant Aloe vera L. and the properties of a gel
prepared from the plant was presented.
D. L. Thompson

3/7/6
1564692 24-12266
Experimental antitumor activity of the leaf exudate of Aloe barbadensis,
MilI
 October 20, 1989 2:57pm Page 2

Magadan Figueroa, R.; Franco Estevez, J. P.; Estevez Nieto. A.: Marquina
Rodriguez, G.
Inst. Nacional de Oncologia y Radiobiologia, 29 y E. Municipio Plaza de
la Revolucion, Havana, Cuba
Rev. Cubana Farm. 19:11-17 (Jan-Apr) 1985
Coden: RCUFAC
L~nguages: Spanish Surnrnary Languages: English, French
(8 References)
The total leaf exudate of Aloe barbadensis and aqueous and chloroform
fractions of the exudate were tested against breast adenocarcinorna 755 and
ascitic leukemia P-388.
None of the tests showed antitumor activity.
Nydia M. King

3/7/7
1558339 24-05913
Aloe vera update: new form questions integrity of old
Leung, A.
35 Cumberland Rd .. Glen Rock. NJ 07452
Drug Cosmet. Ind. 137:42, 44-46 (Sep) 1985
Coden: DCINAQ
Languages: English
New forrns of processed aloe vera gels are discussed in relation to their
efficacy as compared wíth the natural producto their adulteration, purity,
mislabeling, processing and costs.
Victor Origoni

3/7/8
1555466 24-03039
Aloe vera phenomenon: a review of the properties and modern uses of the
leaf parenchyma gel
Grindlay, D.; Reynolds, T.
Jodrell Lab., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England
J. Ethno Pharmacol. 16:117-151 (Jun) 1986
Coden: JOETD7
Languages: English
(161 References)
A comprehensive and objective view of the literature and experimental
work which has be en carried out on the mucilaginous gel from the
parenchymatous cells in the leaf pulp of Aloe vera is presented and reasons
for the popular use of the gel on modern ethnopharmacology are examined.
Victor Origoni

3/7/9
0119733 22-05657
Aloe vera L. and its products: applications and nomenclature
anon
Dr. Madis Lab. Inc., Madis Bldg .• S. Hackensack. NJ 07606
Cosmet. Toilet. 98:99-100, 103-104 (Jun) 1983
Coden: CTOIDG
Languages: English
A discussion of Aloe vera is presented and includes the nomenclature of
aloe vera products, the habitat and description of the plant, and its
derivatives. including the different kinds of aloe, aloe vera gel, aloe
extract, and aloin.
Victor Origoni

27t
 October 20, 1989 2:58pm page 3

3/7/10
0111037 21-09759
Investigating the amino acid content of the exudate from the leaves of
_ Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera)
Khan, R. H.
E r_d e 1 n t. 1: 19 - 2 5 (A p r - J un) 1983
Languages: English
(7 References)
The amino acid content of aloe vera gel from the leaves of Aloe
barbadensis as compared with 5 other juices are reported.
Eight of the 10 essential amino acids that the body requires and cannot
synthesize have been determined to form up to 47% of th~ to~al amino acid
content in the gel.
Victor Origoni

3/7/11
0111036 21-09758
Evaluating the healing characteristics of the exuded mucilage from Aloe
barbadensis Miller
Morsy, E. M.; Ovanoviski, H.
Erde Int. 1: 26-32 (Apr-Jun) 1983
Languages: English
(17 References)
The use of aloe vera from Aloe barbadensis for burn healing and as a
laxative, purgative and cathartic is discussed.
Antimicrobial and antitumor effects of the drug are also described.
Victor Origoni

3/7/12
0110680 21-09402
Aloe vera, the wonder plant
Benson. R. C.
Hilltop Gardens & Aloe Lab. of Texas, DalIas, TX
Drug Cosmet. Ind. 131:46, 48, 84 (Dec) 1982
Coden: DCINAQ
Languages: English
The popular demand for aloe vera in cosrnetics is discussed from the
viewpoint of its cultivation and method of extracting the gel.
Victor Origoni

3/7/13
0110534 21-09256
Current official stand of sorne species of aloe and their derivatives.
Part 2. Reviewing aloe and its derivatives as documented in the European
Pharmacopeia
Morsy, E. M.; Zwaving, J. H.
Lab. voor Farrnacognosie. Hague, Netherlands
Erde Int. 1: 136, 138-139 (Jul-Sep) 1983
Languages: English
(2 References)
Drug monographs for Aloe barbadensis (Barbados.aloes) and Aloe capensis
(Cape aloes) were presented.
D. L. Thompson

3/7/14
 October 20, 1989 2:58pm Page 4

0109589 21-08311
Formulating beverage products from the stabilized aloe gel
Yamoto, W. W.
Erde Int. 1:60-67 (Apr-Jun) 1983
Languages: Englísh
(8 References)
The effect of flavors, sweeteners, color additives and antioxidants on
the-stabílity of aloe vera beverage formulatíons is discussed.
The shelf-life of the final product is dependent upon the condition of
the raw stabílized juice used in the formulation.
Victor Origoni

3/7/15
0109588 21-08310
Applying heat during processing the commercial aloe vera gel
Ashleye, A. D.
Erde Int. 1:40-44 (Apr-Jun) 1983
Languages: Englísh
(9 References)
The effect of heat during processing on the stability of aloe vera gel is
described.
Factors influencing the gel degradation during heat processing include
sugar concentration, pR, oxygen, enzymes, metal catalysts, amino acids,
oxidants. reductants and concentration of ascorbic acid.
Victor Origoni

3/7/16
0109157 21-07879
Study of the organoleptic properties of the exuded mucilage from the Aloe
barbadensis leaves
Gorloff, D. R.
Erde lnt. 1:46-59 (Apr-Jun) 1983
Languages: English
(11 References)
The various factors influencing the stability of aloe vera during
processing from the leaves of Aloe barbadensis are discussed.
Victor Origoni

3/7/17
0109156 21-07878
Comparison between the nutritional contents of the aloe gel from
conventionally and hydroponically grown plants
Pierce, R. F.
Erde lnt. 1:37-38 (Apr-Jun) 1983
Languages: English
(9 References)
The nutritional and energy values of the aloe vera gel from Aloe
barbadensis grown naturally and hydroponically are described.
Increased contents of amino acids, carbohydrates. calcium, iron and free
acids were observed in the hydroponically grown gel.
Victor Origoni

3/7/20
0101957 21-00563
Aloe vera--importance of processing

~cl
-------------------~=~----~-~~~~- _.~_._--_._ ..__.. -
 October 20, 1989 2:59pm Page 5

Smothers. D. L.
Drug Cosrnet. Ind. 132:40, 77-80 (Jan) 1983
Coden: DCINAQ
Languages: English
(50 References)
Processing rnethods used to retain the medicinal properties of fresh Aloe
vera mucilage and latex are discussed.
Paul R. Webster

3/7/21
0098195 20-08390
7-Hydroxyaloin: leading substance from Aloe barbadensis in Ph. Eur. 111
Rauwald, H. W.; Voetig. R.
Inst. fur Pharrnakognosie und Phytochernie der Freien Univ. Berlín. Konigín
Luise Str. 2-4. 1000 Berlin 33, FRG
Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim, Ger.) 315:477-478 (May) 1982
Coden: ARPMAS
Languages: Gerrnan

3/7/22
0097059 20-07254
Fruit of the earth: off to a fast start
anon
Drug Cosmet. Ind. 130:40,42,120-121 (Feb) 1982
Coden: DCINAQ
Languages: English
The development and marketing strategies for Fruit of the Earth ski n care
products, which contain aloe vera, are discussed.
Victor Origoni

3/7/23
0092061 20-02255
Medical use of aloe products
Fischer, J. M.
Drug Info. Ctr., Univ. of Pittsburgh, School of Pharm., Pittsburgh, PA
US Pharm. 7:37-38. 40. 45 (Aug) 1982
Coden: USPHD5
Languages: English
(30 References)
A critical evaluation of the acclaimed medical uses of aloe products was
made.
Aloe latex, which contains barbaloin (aloin) and anthraquinone
glycosides. is believed to have laxative properties. Aloe gel is the most
common ingredient in topical aloe preparations and is uscd extensively in
the cosmetic industry. The FDA is reviewing aloe and aloe vera gel as
active ingredients in OTe drugs, to establish thcir safety and
effectiveness.
The adverse effects of aloe were also discussed.
Zerihun Abate
 October 20, 1989 3:12pm Page 1

File 155:MEDLINE 66-89/NOV (891102)

3/7/1
06249433 87223433
Dermabrasion-Loo-puneh-exeision tectlnique for the treatment 01'
aene-induced osteoma eutis.
Fqlton JE Jr
J Dermatol Surg Oncol Jun 1987. 13 (6) p655-9, ISSN 0148-0812
Journal Code: HZA
Languages: ENGLISH
Three patients with ehronic osteoma cutis secondary to acne vulgaris were
treated with the dermabrasion-Loo-punch-excision technique. Under ·regional
nerve bloek with lidocaine-bipuvacaine (50:50) a unifor~ dermabrasion was
performed across the entire face, including the hairline and 1 cm below the
jawline. This exposed the foei of osteoma cutis. Then the appropriate sized
Loo puneh (usually the 2.0- or the 2.5-mm puneh) was used to excise the
bluish-gray miliary lesions. The majority of the foei were removed in one
operation. Following exeision, the lesions were elosed with 7-0 prolene
suture. To prevent crust formation postoperatively, Aloe-vera-soaked
polyethylene oxide gel dressings (Vigilon) were ehanged twice daily
following an iee water compress. Sutures were removed rapidly in 5 to 7
days to prevent the appearance of suture lines. Although one patient
required an additional procedure, the eosmetic results were exeellent. Only
a few small residual blue "dot" lesions remained in these three cases.

3/7/2
05115893 84039893
Aloe Vera, true and falseo
Felts JH
N C Med J Sep 198~), 44 (9) p599, ISSN 0029-2559 Jaurnal Cade: NTX
Languages: ENGLISH

?()~
 October 21. 1989 1:28pm Page 1

File 155:MEDLINE 66-89/NOV (891102)

Record - 1

07009023 89311023
Anti-inflammatory activity of Aloe vera against a spectrum of irritants.
Davis RH; Leitner MG: Russo JM; Byrne ME
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc (UNITED STATES) Jun 1989. 79 (6) p263-76.
ISSN 8750-7315 Journal Code: JPA
Languages: ENGLISH
The authors have evaluated the spectrum of anti-inflammato~y activity of
A. vera in a number of models of inflammation in the hind paw of the
experimental rat induced by kaolin, carrageenan. albumin, dextran, gelatin.
and mustard. Croton oil was used in a topical model of inflammation to
determine the oral activity and time-dependent dosing of A. vera. The
authors found that A. vera was active in all models of inflammation. Of the
various irritants tested. A. vera was especially active against
gelatin-induced and kaolin-induced edema ando in contrasto had minimal
activity when tested against dextran-induced edema. Oral activity of A.
vera was demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of anthraquinones.
The various irritant-induced edema models provided a broad spectrum of
anti-inflammatory activity for A. vera.

Record - 2

06963229 89265229
Aloe vera and burn wound healing [letter]
Kaufman T; Newman AR: Wexler MR
Plast Reconstr Surg (UNITED STATES) Jun 1989, 83 (6) p1075-6, ISSN
0032-1052 Journal Code: P9S
Languages: ENGLISII

Record - 3

06956381 89258381
Aloe vera and gibberellin. Anti-inflammatory activity in diabetes.
Davis RH; Maro NP
J Am Podiatr Med Assoe (UNITED STATES) Jan 1989. 79 (1) p24-6. ISSN
8750-7315 Journal Code: JPA
Languages: ENGLISH
Aloe vera inhibits inflammation and adjuvant-induced arthritis. The
authors' laboratory has shown that A. vera improves wound healing, which
suggests that it does not act like an adrenal steroid. Diabetic animals
were used in this study because of their poor wound healing and
anti-inflammatory capabilities. The anti-inflammatory activity of A. vera
and gibberellin was measured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by
measuring the inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into a
site of gelatin-induced inflammation over adose range of 2 to 100 mg/kg.
Both Aloe and gibberellin similarly inhibited inflammation in a
dose-response manner. These data tend to suggest that gibberellin or a
gibberellin-like substance i8 an active anti-inflammatory component in A.
vera.

Record - 4
 October 21. 1989 1:28pm Page 2

06769995 89071995
Aloe vera. salicylic acid. and aspirin for burns [letter]
Frumkin A
Plast Reconstr Surg (UNITED STATES) Jan 1989, 83 (1) p196, ISSN 0032-1052
Journal Code: P9S
L~nguages: ENGLISH

Record - 5

06769993 89071993
Aloe vera for burns [letter]
Kivett WF
Plast Reconstr Surg (UNITED STATES) Jan 1989, 83 (1) p195. ISSN 0032-1052
Journal Code: P9S
Languages: ENGLISH

Record - 6

06688893 88333893
Two functionally and chemically distinct immunomodulatory compounds in
the gel of Aloe vera.
't Hart LA; van Enckevort PH; van Dijk H; Zaat R: de Silva KT; Labadie RP
Department of Ch~mical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy. State University of
Utrecht. The. Netherlands.
J Ethnopharmacol May-Jun 1988, 23 (1) p61-71, ISSN 0378-8741
Journal Code: K8T
Languages: ENGLISH
An aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel was analyzed guided by modulatory
activity with regard to the in vitro activation of human complement and of
human polymorphnuclear leucocytes (PMN). Upon ultrafiltration a high (h-Mr)
and a low (l-Mr) molecular mass fraction were obtained. Pre-incubation of
human pooled serum with the h-Mr fraction resulted in a depletion of
classical and alternative pathway complement activity. In contrasto only
the l-Mr fraction could inhibit the production of free oxygen radicals by
activated PMNs. The latter activity cannot be attributed to non-specific
effects like toxicity, interference with stimulant binding or scavenger
activity.

Record - 7

06583558 88228558
Aloe vera.
Klein AD; Penneys NS
Department of Dermatology, University of Miami School of Medicine, FL.
J Am Acad Oermatol (UNITEO STATES) Apr 1988, 18 (4 Pt 1) p714-20.
ISSN 0190-9622 Journal Code: HVG
Languages: ENGLISH
Document Type: Review
We review the scientific literature regarding the aloe vera plant and its
products. Aloe vera is known to contain several pharmacologically active
ingredients. incluulng a carboxypeptidase that inactivates bradykinin in
vitro. salicylates, and a substance(s) that inhibits thromboxane formation
in vivo. Scjentific studies exist that support an antibacterial and
antifungal effect for substance(s) in aloe vera. Studies and case reports
provide support for the use of aloe vera in the treatment of radiation

lOS
 October 21, 1989 1:28pm page 3

ulcers and stasis ulcers in man and burn and frostbite injuries in animals.
The evidence for a potential beneficial effect associated with the use of
aloe vera is sufficient to warrant the design and implementation of
well-controlled clínical trials. (27 Refs.)

Record - 8

06569684 88214684
Aloe vera. A natural approach for treating wounds, edema, and pain in
diabetes.
Davis RH; Leitn~r MG; Russo JM
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc (UNITED STATES) Feb 1988, 78 (2) p60-8. ISSN
8750-7315 Journal Code: JPA
Languages: ENGLISH

Record - 9

06553281 88198281
Aloe vera gel hindered wound healing of experimental second-degree burns:
a quantitative controlled study.
Kaufman T; Kalderon N: Ullmann Y; Berger J
Faculty of Medicine. Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel.
J Burn Care Rehabil Mar-Apr 1988, 9 (2) p156-9, ISSN 0273-8481
Journal Code: HLX
Languages: ENGLISH
In the present study, Aloe vera gel (AVG) was applied to experimental
second-degree burns in guinea pigs, and its effects on epithelialization,
wound contraction, newly formed granulation tissue, and regeneration of
hair follicles was compared with that effected by 1% silver sulfadiazine
cream (AgSD). Epithelialization (%mean +/- SEM) on postburn day 8, 16, and
24 of the AVG-treated wounds was 38.72% +/- 2.71%. 60.34% +/- 3.28%. and
92.46% +/- 2.26%. respectively, while that of the AgSD-treated burns was
53.35% +/- 2.65%, 94.84% +/- 2.65%, and 100%. respectively (P less than
.001). Contraction of the AVG-wounds was significantly higher than that of
the AgSD-treated burns during 24 days of the study (P less than .001). The
thickness of the newly formed granulation tissue was higher in the
AVG-treated wounds (P less than .001), while the hair follicles count was
significantly lower (P less than .001) compared with the AgSD-treated
burns. It is concluded that this preparation of Aloe vera gel hindered the
healing process of the present burn wound model when compared with 1%
silver sulfadiazine cream.

Record 10

06527087 88172087
Topical anti-inflammatory activity of Aloe vera as measured by ear
swelling.
Davis RH; Leitner MG; Russo JM
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc Nov 1987, 77 (11) p610-2. ISSN 8750-7315
Journal Code: JPA
Languages: ENGLISH

Record - 11

06480468 88125468
Comparative evaluation of aloe vera in the management of burn wounds in
 October 21, 1989 1:29pm Page 4

guinea pigs.
Rodriguez-Bigas M: Cruz NI; Suarez A
Surgical Research Laboratories, University of Puerto Rico School of
Medicine, San Juan.
Plast Reconstr Surg (UNITED STATES) Mar 1988, 81 (3) p386-9, ISSN
0032-1052 Journal Code: P9S
L~nguages: ENGLISH
An experimental study was designed using Hartley guinea pigs, who
received full-thickness burns covering 3 percent of their body surface area
by direct contact with a hot plateo A total of 40 animals were equaIIy
divided among four modalities of closed burn wound management as follows:
group 1: silver sulfadiazine (SiIvadine); group 11: aloe vera gel extract
(Carrington Dermal Wound Gel); group 111: salicylic acid cr~am (aspirin);
and group IV: pIain gauze occlusive dressing only. The dressings were
changed daily, and the size and appearance of each burn wound were recorded
until complete healing. On the sixth postburn day, quantitative burn wound
cultures were made. The average time to complete healing in the control
group was 50 days. and the only significant difference was found in the
aloe vera-treated animals. which healed on an average of 30 days (p 1ess
than 0.02). Wound bacterial counts were effectively decreased by silver
sulfadiazine (p 0.015) and by aloe vera extract (p = 0.015). Prom our
data it appears that aloe gel extracts permit a faster healing of burn
wounds.

Record - 12

06251713 87225713
Aloe vera and wound healing.
Oavis RH; Kabbani JM; Maro NP
J Arn Podiatr Med Assoc (UNITED STATES) Apr 1987, 77 (4) p165-9, ISSN
8750-7315 Journal Code: lPA
Languages: ENGLISH

Record - 13

06008500 86309500
The Aloe vera phenomenon: a review of the propcrties and modern uses of
the leaf parenchyma gel.
Grindlay D; Reynolds T
J Ethnopharmacol Jun 1986, 16 (2-3) p117-51, ISSN 0378-8741
Journal Code: K8T
Languages: ENGLISH
Document Type: Historícal Article; Revíew
The mucilaginous gel from the parenchymatous cells in the leaf pulp of
Aloe vera has been used since early times for a host of curative purposes.
This gel should be distinguished clearly fram the bitter yellow exudate
originating from the bundle sheath cells. which ls used for its purgatlve
effects. Aloe vera gel has come to playa prominent role as a contemporary
folk remedy. and numerous optimistic. and in sorne cases' extravagant. claims
have been made for its medicinal properties. Modern clinical use of the gel
began in the 19308. with reports oE successful treatrnent of X-ray and
radium burns, which led to further experimental studies using laboratory
animals in the fOllowing decades. The reports of these experiments and the
numerous favourable case histories did not give conclusive evidence. since
although positive resuits were usually described. much of the work suffered
froID poor experimental design and insufficiently largc test samples. In

~o7
 October 21, 1989 1:30pm Page 5

addition sorne conflicting or inconsistent results were obtained. With the

recent resurgence of interest in Aloe vera gel, however, newexperimental
work has indicated the possibility of distinct physiological effects.
Chemical analysis has shown the gel to contain various carbohydrate
polymers, notabJy either glucomannans or pectic acid. along with a range of
other organic and inorganic components. Although many physiological
properties of the gel have been described, there is no certain correlation
between these and the identified gel components. (154 Refs.)

Record - 14

05862412 86163412
Aloe vera. fiction or fact.
Natow AJ
Cutis Feb 1986. 37 (2) pl06, 108, ISSN 0011-4162 Journal Code: DXB
Languages: ENGLISH

Record - 15

05365299 84289299
Aloe Vera in dentistry.
Sturm PG; Hayes SM
J Bergen Cty Dent Soc ~ay 1984, 5O (8) P 1 1 -·1 . ISSN OOD2-9832
Journal Code: HIB
Languages: ENGLISH

Record - 16

05115893 84039893
Aloe Vera. true and falseo
Felts JH
N C Med J Sep 1983. 44 (9) p599, ISSN 0029-2559 Journal Code: NTX
Languages: ENGLISH

Record - 17

04326882 81154882
Aloe vera--fact or quackery.
Spoerke DG: Ekins BR
Vet Hum Toxicol Dec 1980. 22 (6) p418-24. i.SSN 0145-6296
Journal Code: XBV
Languages: ENGLISH
 October 22, 1991 10:42am Page 1

16/5/1 (Item 1 from file: 470)

00662440 0794732XX STATUS: Out of print (03-86)
TITLE: Aloe Vera: Stabilization & Processing for the Cosmetic, Food &
Beverage Industries
AUTHOR: Morsy, Esam M.
PUBLISHER: Erde Intl PUBLICATION DATE: 08/1982 (820801)
EDITION: Orig. Ea.; 2nd ed. NO. OF PAGES: 160p.
LCCN: 82-084430
BINDING: Lib. Bdg - $85.00
ISBN: 0-911973-00-1
VOLUME(S): N/A
aRDER NO.: N/A
IMPRINT: N/A
STATUS IN FILE: New (83-04)
NOTE{S); Illustrated
SUBFILE: ST (Scientific and Technical Books and Serials in Print)

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SUBJECT HEADINGS: ALOES (00012518)

JoC
 October 22, 1991 9:47am page 1

SYSTEM:OS - DIALOG OneSearch

File 10:AGRICOLA_1979-91/0CT
SEE FILE 110(THRU 1978)
*** AGRICOLA USERS CONFERENCE ON ALF BULLETIN BOARD, 301/344-8510, ***
*** 1200-2400 BTS,N,8,1 ***
File 50:CAB ABSTRACTS_1984-91/SEP
SEE ALSO FILE 53 (1972-1983)
COPR. CABI 1990.
File 312:CA SEARCH_1987-1991 (UD=11514)
(Copr. 1991 by the Amer. Chem. Soc.)
**FILE312: Use is subject to the terms of your user/customer agreement.
Use display code TI for TITLE only. Formats 9 and 5 are now the same.
File 2:INSPEC 2_69-91/9111B2
(COPR. lEE 1991)
***** Files 3 (1969-1982) and 4 (1983- ) *****
are also available
File 125:CLAIMS/U.S. PATENT ABSTRACTS WEEKLY_
Sep 03 91-0ct 08 91
**FILE125: PN 5044011-5054120; For file information, type ?news125
The columns of the PN and AN table will be reordered in November
File 340:CLAIMS/U.S. PATENT ABS FOR FILE INFO,TYPE ?NEWS340
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The columns of the PN and AN table will be reordered in November

20/5/1 (Itero 1 frorn file: 10)

90006776 91003554 Holding Library: AGL
An anti-complementary polysaccharide with irnrnunological adjuvant activity
from the leaf parenchyrna gel of Aloe vera
Hart, L.A. tt; Berg, A.J.J. van den; Kuis, L.; Dijk, H. van; Labadie,
R.P.
Faculty of Pharmacy of the State of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Planta medica. Dec 1989. v. 55 (6) p. 509-512.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. Georg Thieme Verlag. ISSN: 0032-0943 CODEN:
PLMEAA
DNAL CALL NO: 450 P697
Language: English
Includes references.
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Article
DESCRIPTORS: aloe barbadensis; leaves; plant extracts; pharmaceutical
products; polysaccharides; imrnunotherapy;
Section Headings: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY(F600); AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTS-PLANT (NONFOOD AND NONFEED} (S200)

20/5/2 (Item 2 frorn file: 10)

89125900 90045382 Holding Library: AGL
Gas chromatographic and mass spectral determination of aloenin in
skin-care cosmetics
Nakamura, H.; Okuyama, T.
Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
Journal of chromatography. June 22, 1990. v. 509 (2) p. 377-382.
Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers. ISSN: 0021-9673 CODEN:

3(0
 October 22, 1991 9:47am Page 2

JOCRAM
DNAL CALL NO: 475 3824
Language: English
Includes references.
5ubfile: OT.HER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Article
DESCRIPTORS: aloe arborescens; plant products; plant extracts;
cósmetics; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry;
5ection Headings: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT5-PLANT (NONFOOD AND NONFEED) (5200)
; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY(F600)

20/5/3 (Item 3 from file: 10)

89121592 90040648 Holding Library: AGL
Meiotic crossing-over between sites on opposite sides of the centromeres
of homoeologues is frequent in hybrid Aloeaceae
Brandham, P.E.;
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
Genome. Apr 1990. v. 33 (2) p. 170-176. ill.
Ottawa : National Research Council of Canada. I55N: 0831-2796
CODEN: GENOE3
DNAL CALL NO: QH431.G452
Language: English 5ummary Language: French
Includes references.
Subfile: OTHER FOREIGN;
Document Type: Article
DE5CRIPTORS: aloe; gasteria; haworthia; hybrids; meiosis; crossing
over;
Identifiers: astroloba; chamaealoe; poellnitzia; nonhomologous pairing
5ection Headings: PLANT BREEDING(F200)

20/5/4 (Item 1 from file: 50)

1130585 OF052-05061
A vegetation survey of the Karoo National Botanic Garden Reserve,
Worcester.
Smitheman, J.; Perry, P.
Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South
Africa.
50uth African Journal of Botany 1990. 56 (5): 525-541 (6 ref.)
Language: English 5ummary Language: Afrikaans
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OF (Forestry Abstracts)
A vegetation survey was carried out at the Karoo National Botanic Garden
(154 ha) which is situated about 2 km north of Worcester between the flats
of the Breede River Valley and the Cape Fold Mountains of the Hex River
Mountains. The area consists of low hills of Malmesbury shale ranging in
altitude from 300 to 526 m and may be classed as semiarid with rainfall
occurring mainly in winter. A check list of the flora of the reserve has
been completed over a number of years (given in an appendix) and the
vegetation was classified by means of the Braun-Blanquet method mainly in
the summer of 1976/77. Seven plant communities were recognized with
differing floristic and environmental characteristics: sparse shrubland
(Passerina obtusifolia/Ischyrolepis gaudichaudiana); dense shrubland
(Elytropappus rhinocerotis); dense scrub (Senecio junceus); dwarf thicket
(Euclea undulata); sparse succulent shrubland (Euphorbia
mauritanica/Tylecodon paniculatus and Aloe microstigma/Crassula

31!
 October 22, 1991 9:48am page 3

rupestris); and shrubland (Pteronia paniculata). Plots from each of these

communities were viewed in winter and spring of 1988 to gain insight into
annual, geophyte and moss cover.

Descriptors: synecology; south africa; nature reserves; botanical gardens

Decimal Codes: OF15.43; OF7.83; (680)
Geographic Names: South Africa
Se-ction Heading Codes: OF1543; OF1521; OF0783
Section Headings: 15 OTHER LAND USE. NATURE CONSERVATION. ARBORICULTURE
- ARBORICULTURE, URBAN AMENITY- ARBORETA, BOTA (SC=OF1543) ; 15 OTHER
LAND USE. NATURE CONSERVATION. ARBORICULTURE - NATURE CONSERVATION-
NATIONAL PARKS. NATURE (SC=OF1521); 7 PLANT BIOLOGY - PLANT ECOLOGY-
VEGETATION TYPES (SC=OF0783)

20/5/5 (Item 2 from file: 50)

1077127 2R014-00284
Vela products and income generation in the southern Cape Strandveld.
Rooyen, P. H. van (Van Rooyen, P. H.)
Department of Development Administration, University of Stellenbosch,
Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Development Southern Africa 1990. 7 (3): 367-371 (3 ref., BLDSC)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: 2R (Rural Development Abstracts)
Only marginal farming activities take place in the Cape Strandveld area
south of Albertinia, South Africa. While income from farming and wages are
low, 'coloured ' families in the district are still making a living from
traditional, informal occupations. Over a period of one year the
activities of roughly 50 coloured fami~ies in the Albertinia Strandveld
area were studied. Since they are mostly illiterate, no formal
questionnaire was used, but informal questions about their occupations
were asked. A questionnaire was sent out to about 150 white landowners in
the area and findings were discussed in relation to the informal sector
study. Activities included thatch reed cutting, mole catching, honey
collecting, aloe Ju~ce tapping, firewood cutting, hunting, fishing,
breaking in horses, picking wild flowers and collecting sour figs. It was
concluded that higher incomes would be generated by improved tectlniques
and expanded markets, but these activities should not be absorbed into the
modern and formal economic system.

Descriptors: southern africa; ~eveloping countries; ancillary enterprises;

income; households; minorities; south africa
Geographic Names: South Africa
Section Heading Codes: 2R06200195
Section Headings: ECONOMIC UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES - POVERTY & INCOMES
(=INCOME & INVESTMENT UNTIL 1989) (SC=2R06200002/)

20/5/6 (Item 3 from file: 50)

1067200 OC061-00700
Extra-weak chemiluminescence of drugs. X. Extra-weak chemiluminescence
quenching component of rhubarb.
Sato, H.; Kurosaki, Y.; Hirayama, H.; Mizugaki, M.
M. Mizugaki, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku Sendai 980, Japan.
Yakugaku Zasshi = Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 1990.

3(2
 October 22, 1991 9:49am page 4

110 (1): 55-58 (16 ref.)

Language: Japanese Summary Language: English
Document Type: .NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts)
Fractions obtained by gel ·chromatography from an aqueous extract of
r~ubarb (as Rhei Rhizoma) were studied with regard to their capacity to
quench extra-weak chemiluminescence arising from the Maillard reaction.
The most active fraction contained quinones: emodin, aloe-emodin, emodin
8-0-glucoside, rhein, and 1, 2 J-O-cinnamoyl glucogallin. Quenching by
authentic pure samples of components showed the order: rhein aloe-emodin
emodin sennosides.

Descriptors: rheum; plant; composition; quinones

Section Heading Codes: OC671000; OC479
Section Headings: MINOR TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL INDUSTRIAL CROPS -
ME.DICINAL PLANTS (SC=OC671); VEGETABLES, TEMPERATE, TROPICAL AND
GREENHOUSE - POLYGONACEAE - RHUBARB (SC=OC479)

20/5/7 (Item 4 from file: 50)

0983481 OU060-03940
Epidemiologic survey on lung cancer with respect to cigarette smoking
and plant dieto
Sakai, R.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Ryukyu
Universi ty, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0.1, Japan.
Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 1989. 80 (6): 513-520 (32 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: NEW
Subfile: OU (Nutrition Abs. & Rev., Ser. A)
This case-control study of lung cancer was based on a cross-sectional
questionnaire survey of inpatients at 5 general hospitals in Okinawa,
Japan, from 1982 to 1987. The study aimed to clarify the relations between
lung cancer and cigarette smoking and plant d.iet. Ingestion frequencies of
17 major dietary plants and/or herbs were obtained by means of a
questionnaire interview of 673 respondents over 30 years old with clear
smoking history, age, sex and diagnosis. Odds ratios of newly diagnosed
lung cancer were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. A pair
consisted of a case and 2 controls which were selected randomly by using
multivariate ca~~per matching. A total of 64 pairs matched for age (plus
or minus5) and sex showed a high odds ratio of 2.9. However, 3 male groups
who were categorized by the number of cigarettes smoked did not exhibit
dose-dependency of lung cancer on smoking. Lung cancer was more prevalent
in ex-smokers than in current smokers. Case-control analyses by male
generations revealed that lung cancer incidence was age-dependent, and
there was a clear dose-response relation between smoking and lung cancer
in .males in their 60s. A case-control analysis of each of 17 edible plants
based on 44 pairs who were matched for age (plus or minus5), sex and
smoking history demonstrated that the odds ratio of aloe (Aloe arborescens
varo natalensis) was 0.5, suggesting that the aloe may prevent
carcinogenesis at various sites in mano

Descriptors: man; carcinogenesis; lungs; tobacco smoking; japan; plants

Section Heading Codes: OU590300
Section Headings: DISEASE AND THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION - OTHER CONDITIONS

'3 3
 October 22, 1991 9,: 50am Page 5

(SC=OU590)

20/5/8 (Item 5 from file: 50)

0899935 OC059-10327; OF051-06838; 1F013-02401; 7Y003-01394
Teratological evaluation of some commonly used indigenous antifertility
plants in rats.
Sethi, N.; Nath, D.; Singh, R. K.
Divison of Toxicology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001,
India.
International Journal of Crude Drug Research 1989. 27 (2): 118-120
13 ref.)
Language: English
Document Type: NP (Numbered Part)
Status: REVISED
Subfile: OC (Horticultural Abstracts); OF (Forestry Abstracts); 1F
(Forest Products Abstracts); 7Y
Extracts of Mesua ferrea (flowers), Aloe barbadensis (plants), Bambusa
arundinensis [B. arundinacea] (buds), Acacia arabica [A. nilotica]
(flowers), Trachyspermum ammi (seeds) and Anethum sowa (leaves) were
screened in pregnant rats. Sorne antifertility activity (terminated
pregnancy or lack of implantation) was observed with all species and was
greatest, 62.5%, for Trachyspermum and least, 11.1%, for Mesua. Where
pregnancy was not terminated, all foetuses examined had teratological
defects; the effect was greatest with Aloe.'The potential human danger of
using these species is emphasised.
Descriptors: aaa; mesua ferrea; flowers; composition; acacia nilotica;
bambusa arundinacea; buds; trachyspermum ammi; seeds; anethum sowa;
leaves; aloe barbadensis; plant; medicinal properties; toxic substances
; broadleaves; pharmaceutical products; medicinal plants; mesua; aloe;
bambusa; acacia; contraceptives; toxicity; multipurpose trees;
Decimal ~odes: OF3.99; OFO.76; 1F9.32: OFO.76
Geographic Names: India
Section Heading Codes: OC671000; 1F0932; OF0399; 7Y075
Section !1eaa~ngs: MINOR TEMPERATE AND TRo.PICAL INDUSTRIAL CROPS -
MEDICINAL PLANTS (SC=OC671); OTHER USES OF FOREST PRODUCTS.
COMPETITIVE MATERIALS - MINOR FOREST PRODUCTS- PHARMACEUTICALS AND CO
(SC=1F0932); 3 SILVICULTURE GROWING AND COLLECTION OF FOREST
PRODUCTS OTHER THAN WOOD- MISCELLANEOUS, INCLUDING (SC=OF0399); 7.
AGROFORESTRY PRODUCTS - OTHER PRODUCTS (SC=7Y075)

20/5/9 (Item 1 from file: 312)

115142146 CA: 115(14)142146u JOURNAL
The content, stability and pharmaceutical availability of aloenine in
aloe ointments. Rheologic examinations
AUTHOR(S): Kodym, Anna
LOCATION: Postaci Leku, Akad. Med. Karola Marcinkowskiego, Poznan, PoI.
JOURNAL: Farm. PoI. DATE: 1991 VOLUME: 47 NUMBER: 1 PAGES: 11-19
CODEN: FAPOA4 ISSN: 0014-8261 LANGUAGE: Polish
SECTION:
CA263005 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: aloenin ointment bioavailability stability
DESCRIPTORS:
Pharmaceutical dosage forms,ointments ...
aloenin bioavailability and content and stability in
Drug bioavailability ...
of aloenin, from ointments
 October 22, 1991 9:50am Page 6

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:

38412-46-3 bioavailability and content,and stability of, in ointments

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/10 (Item 2 from file: 312)

~15142010 CA: 115(14)142010v PATENT
Retinol skin care composition
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Katzev, Phillip K.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; US 5002760 A DATE: 910326
APPLICATION: US 415709 (891002)
PAGES: 4 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424059000;
A61K-007/42A; A61K-007/44B; A61K-007/48B; A6~K-009/10B
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential 011s and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: skin prepn retinol UV absorber
DESCRIPTORS:
Cosmetics ...
retinol and sunscreen agent and moisturizers in
Collagens,hydrolyzates,compounds ... Pharmaceutical natural products,aloe ...
Sunburn and Suntan,sunscreens ... Vitamins ...
ret,inol skin prepn. contg., for prevention of premature photoaging
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
56-81-5 57-13-6 7647-14-5 biological studies, retinol skin prepn.
contg., for prevention of premature photoaging
67-97-0 81-13-0 97-59-6 107-64-2 1406-16-2 1406-18-4 5466-77-3
11103-57-4 54571-67-4 136013-65-5 retinol sk.in prepn. contg., for
prevention of premature photoaging
68-26-8 skin prepn. contg., for prevention of premature photoaging

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/11 (Item 3 from file: 312)

115119838 CA: 115(12)119838n PATENT
Shaving composition containing aloe vera extract or gel
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): White, Blanca A.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Aloe Scientific Labs
PATENT: United States ; US 4994265 A DATE: 910219
APPLICATION: US 40431 (870420) *US 773432 (850906)
PAGES: 6 pp. Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 773,432, abandoned. CODEN:
USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424073000; A61K-007j150; A61K-007/450
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: shaving compn aloe ext, acetamide MEA shaving compn aloe
DESCRIPTORS:
Shaving preparations,gels ...
aloe ext. and film-forming agents and lubricants in
Aloe barbadensis ...
ext., shaving compn. contg. film-forming agent and lubricants and
Shaving preparations ...
liqs., aloe ext. and film-forming agents and lubricants in
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
504-76-7D bicyclic, methoxy derivs., polymers, shaving compn. contg. aloe
ext. and

3r ~-
 October 22, 1991 9:51am Page 7

102-71-6 biological studies, shaving compn .. contg. aloe ext. and

99-96-7D esters, mixts. with diazolidinylurea, shaving compn. contg. aloe
ext. and
50-21-5D 64-19-7D hydroxy amide salts, shaving compn. contg. aloe ext.
and
78491-02-8D mixts. with parabens, shaving compn. contg. aloe ext. and
142-26-7 4080-31-3 9003-39-8 39236-46-9 53633-54-8 81859-24-7
- 135991-27-4 shaving compn. contg. aloe ext. and

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/12 (Item 4 from file: 312)

115068447 CA: 115(7)68447z JOURNAL
The main chemical components contained in fresh leaves and in a dry
extract ,from three year old Aloe arborescens MilI. grown in hot-houses
AUTHOR(S}: Kodym, Anna
LOCATION: Karol-Marcinkowski-Acad. Med., 60-780, Poznan, Pol~
JOURNAL: Pharmazie DATE: 1991 VOLUME: 46 NUMBER: 3 PAGES: 217-19
CODEN: PHARAT ISSN: 0031-7144 LANGUAGE: German
5.ECTION:
CA211001 Plant Biochemistry
CA263XXX Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe leaf compn
DESCR,IPTORS:
Aloe arborescens ...
compn. of leaves and dry exts. of
Glycoproteins,biological studies ... Proteins,biological studies ...
of Aloe arborescens leaves and dry exts.
Amino acids,biological studies ...
of glycoproteins and protein from Aloe arborescens
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
481-72-1 1415-73-2 30861-27-9 53213-99-3 53214-00-9 of Aloe
arborescens leaves and dry exts.
Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/13 (Item 5 from file: 312)

115041572 CA: 115(5}41572z JOURNAL
Anti-inflammatory active constituents of Aloe arborescens Miller
AUTHOR(S): Yamamoto, Masatoshi; Masui, Toshio; Sugiyama, Kiyoshi; Yokota,
Masami; Nakagomi, Kazuya; Nakazawa, Hiroyuki
LOCATION: Shizuoka Prefecto Inst. Public Health Environ. Sci., Shizuoka,
Japan, 420
JOURNAL: Agric. Biol. Chem. DATE: 1991 VOLUME: 55 NUMBER: 6 PAGES:
1627-9 CODEN: ABCHA6 ISSN: 0002-1369 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA201007 Pharmacology
CA263XXX Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: inflammation inhibitor Aloe constituent
DESCRIPTORS:
:nf:amma~ion inhibito~s ...
Aloe arborescens constituents
Alcohols,biological studies ...
C26-32, aliph., of Aloe arborescens, inflammation inhibiting activity
of
Aloe arborescens ...
inflammation inhibiting activity of constituents of
 October 22, 1991 9:52am Page 8

CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:

83-46-5 481-72-1 1415-73-2 38412-46-3 of Aloe arborescens, inflammation
inhibiting activity of

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/14 (Item 6 from file: 312)

r14181336 CA: 114(19)181336e JOURNAL
Stud.ies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXXIII. Protective
mechanisms of various compounds against skin injury induced by radiation
AUTHOR (S): Sato., Yushi; Kumazawa., Nor.iko; Suzuki, Makoto; Wang Cheng
I

Ming; Ohta, Setsuko; Shinoda, Masato

LOCATION: Fac. Pharm. Sci., Hoshi Univ., Tokyo, Japan, 142
JOURNAL: Yakugaku Zasshi DATE: 1991 VOLUME: 111 NUMBER: 1 PAGES: 51-8
CODEN: YKKZAJ ISSN; 0372-7750 LANGUAGE: Japanese
SECTION:
CA208006 Radiation Biochemistry
iDENTIFIERS: skin injury radioprotection x ray
DESCRIPTORS:
Radioprotectants ...
against skin injury induced by x-rays
Antioxidants ... Nucleosides,biological studies ...
radioprotectant activity of, against skin injury induced by x-rays
Aloe arborescens ... Anemarrhena ... Forsythia ... Rose ... Trapa ...
radioprotectant activity of drugs from, against skin injury induced by
x-rays
X-ray,soft.,bialogical effects ...
skin injury from, chem. compds. protection against
Skin,toxic chemical and physical damage ...
x-ray damage ta, chem. radioprotectants against
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
50-81-7 50-89-5 58-61-7 62-56-6 biological studies, radioprotectant
activity of, against skin injury induced by x-rays
58-63-9 60-23-1 533-31-3 1135-24-6 1190-74-5 radioprotectant activity
of, against skin injury induced by x-rays
11062-77-4 x-ray induction af skin damage in relation to

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/15 (Item 7 from file: 312)

114129142 CA: 114(14)129142z PATENT
Anti-inflammatory and wound-healing topical skin preparations containing
aloe extract and ellagic acids
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Egawa, Makoto; Ishida, Keiichiro; Maekawa, Maya; Sato,
Yoshimi
LOCATION: Japan,
ASSIGNEE: Lion Carpo
PATENT: Japan Kokai Tokkya Koho ; JP 90231408 A2 JP 02231408 DATE:
900913
APPLICATION: JP 8953238 (890306)
PAGES: 10 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: A61K-007/00A;
A61K-035/78B; A61K-035/78J; A61K-031/70J; A61K-035/78K; A61K-031/365K
SECTION:
CA263006 Pharmaceuticals
CA201XXX Pharmacology
IDENTIFIERS: aloe ext ellagic acid cream, antiinflammatary aloe ext

3( I
 October 22# 1991 9:53am Page 9

ellagic acid, wound healing ellagic acid cream

DESCRIPTORS:
Pharmaceutical dosage forms,topical ...
aloe ext. and ellagic acids in, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing
Inflarnmation inhibitors ...
ellagic acids, topical pharmaceutical contg.
Pharmaceutica~ natural products,aloe ...
- topical pharmaceutical eontg. ellagie aeids and, anti-inflammatory,
wound-healing
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
476-66-4 122328-15-8 122328-16-9 pharmaceutical topieal prepn. eontg.
aloe ext. ana, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing
1617-49-8 topieal pharmaeeutieal eontg. aloe ext. and, anti-inflammatory,
wound-healing

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Soeiety

20/5/16 (Item 8 from file: 312)

114129087 CA: 114(14)129087k PATENT
Anthraquinone glycosides for the treatment of constipation
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Chicouri, Mareel; Chicouri, Isabelle
LOCATION: Fr.
PATENT: Franee Demande; FR 2646352 Al DATE: 901102
APPLICATION: FR 895688 (890428)
PAGES: 8 pp. CODEN: FRXXBL LANGUAGE: French CLASS: A61K-035/78A
SECTION:
CA263004 Pharmaeeuticals
IDENTIFIERS: constipation sennoside drug, glycoside anthraquinone
constipation drug
DESCRIPTORS:
Glyeosides,anthraquinone ... Glyeosides,sennosides ... Pharmaeeutieal natural
produets,aloe ... Pharmaeeutical natural produets,eascara sagrada .•.
eonstipation treatment by drug contg.
Alder,A. glutinosa ... Prune ... Rhubarb ...
ext., constipation treatment by drug eontg.
Intestine,constipation,disease or disorder ...
treatment of, by sennoside-eontg. drug
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
9000-30-0 eonstipation treatment by drug eontg.
Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Soeiety

20/5/17 (Item 9 from file: 312)

114097466 CA: 114(~1)97466q JOURNAL
Studies on ehemical proteetors against radiation. XXXI. Proteetion
effects of Aloe arborescens on skin injury indueed by x-irradiation
AUTHOR(S): Sato, Yushi; Ohta, Setsuko; Shinoda, Masato
LOCATION: Fac. Pharm. Sci., Hosh.i Univ.# Tokyo, Japan, 142
JOURNAL: Yakugaku Zasshi DATE: 1990 VOLUME: 110 NUMBER: 11 PAGES:
876-84 CODEN: YKKZAJ ISSN: 0372-7750 LANGUAGE: Japanese
SECTION:
CA208006 Radiation Bioehemistry
CA263XXX Pharmaeeutieals
IDENTIFIERS: raaioproteetant skin Aloe
DESCRIPTORS:
Radioprotectants ...
Aloe arboreseens, fer skin injury frem x-ray
 October 22, 1991 9:53am Page 10

Skin# toxic che.mical and physical damage ...

from x-ray, Aloe arborescens protection against
X-ray,biological effects ...
healing against, by Aloe arborescens in skin injury
Aloe arborescens ...
radioprotective effect of, on skin injury induced x-rays

Copyright ~991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/18 (Item 10 from file: 312)

114088630 CA: 114(10)88630m PATENT
Extraction of pharmaceutical anthraquinone derivatives from plants
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Alexa, M.
LOCATION: Liecht.enstein
ASSIGNEE: Gerum Establishment
PATENT: European Pat. Appl. ; EP 374890 Al DATE: 900627
APPLICATION: EP 89123564 (891220) *GB 8829782 (881221)
PAGES: 6 pp. CODEN: EPXXDW LANGUAGE: German CLASS: C07C-046/10A;
C01C-050/34B;A61K-031/12B DESIGNATED COUNTRIES: AT; BE; CH; DE; ES; FR;
GB; GR; IT; LI; LU; NL; SE
SECT.ION:
CA263004 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: anthraquinone deriv extn plant, aloe emodin extn plant
DESCRIPTORS:
Ulcer inhibitors,duodenal ...
aloe resins A and B
Antihypertensives ...
aloin
Puerperium ...
aloin treatment in
Plant ...
anthraquinone derivs. extn. from
Dermatitis,neuro- ...
treatment of, with aloe emodin
Arteriosclerosis ... Hernia ... Intestine,constipation,disease or disorder ...
Vein,disease, hemorrhoid .. .
treatment of, with aloin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
84-65-1D derivs., extn. of, from plants
481-72-1 1415-73-2 28371-16-6 30861-27-9 74545-79-2 extn. of, from
plants

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/19 (Itern 11 from file: 312)

114055783 CA: 114(7)55783k PATENT
.Acemannan as inter.leukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 Íormation stimulation
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): McAna11ey, Bi11 H.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Carrington Laboratories, Inc.
PATENT: PCT International ; WO 9001253 Al DATE: 900222
APPLICATION: WO 89US3381 (890803) *US 229164 (880805)
PAGES: 141 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 LANGUAGE: Eng1ish CLASS: A61K-031/715A;
A61K-031/19B; C12N-007/04B DESIGNATED COUNTRIES: AU; 3P
DESIGNATED REGIONAL: AT; BE; CH; DE; FR; GB; IT; LU; NL; SE
SECTION:

3(/
 October 22, 1991 9:54am page 11

CA201007 Pharmacology
IDENTIFIERS: acemannan immunostimulant virucide, interleukin 1 formation
stimulation acemannan, prostaglandin E.2 formation stimulation acemannan,
AIDS drug acemannan
DESCRIPTORS;
Immunostimulants ... Immunostimulants,adjuvants ... Neoplasm inhibitors ...
Virucides and Virustats ...
acemannan as
Aloe barbadensis ...
acemannan from, in interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 formation inducer
Lymphokines and Cytokines,interleukin 1 ...
formation of, by monocytes and macrophages, stimulation of, by
acemannan
Macrophage ... Monocyte ...
interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 formation by, stimulation of, by
acemannan
Phagocytosis ...
stimulation of, by acemannan
Immunodeficiency,acquired immune deficiency syndrome ...
Intestine, .inf lammatory, disease or disorder... .
Intestine,malabsorption,disease or disorder ... Measles ...
treatment of, with acemannan
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
363-24-6 formation of, by monocytes and macrophages, stimulation of, by
acemannan
110042-95-0 interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 formation stimulation by,
in monocytes and macrophages

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/20 (Item 12 from file: 312)

113193776 CA: 113(22)193776r PATENT
Wet sanitary pads for cleaning
I~~ENTOR(AUTHOR): Takaoka, Tokio
LOCATION: Japan,
ASSIGNEE: Takaoka Tsusan Y. K.
PATENT; Japan Kokai Tokkyo .Koho JP 90182999 A2 3P 02182999 DATE:
900717
APPLICATION: 3P 88335207 (881229)
PAGES: 2 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF .LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: D21H-027/00A;
A47K-007/00B
SECTION:
CA243007 Cellulose, Lignin, Paper, and Other Wood Products
CA263XXX Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: wet sanitary pad paper based, aloe ext contg cleaning pad,
chamomile ext cleaning pad, vitamin C cleaning pad, phospholipid contg
cleaning pad
DESC.RIPTORS:
Cleaning ...
pads for, wet, contg. vitamin C, aloe ano chamomile ext. and
phospholipid
Medical goods ...
sanitary tissues, wet, contg. vitamin C, aloe and chamomile ext. and
phospholipid
Phospholipids,soya,uses and miscellaneous ...
wet cleaning pads contg. aloe and chamomile ext. and vitamin C and
 October 22, 1991 9:55am Page 12

Aloe(genus) ... C.hamomile~ .. Pharmaceutical natural products,aloe ...

wet cleaning pads contg. ext. of, and vitamin C and phospholipid
Paper,tissue ...
wet pads, for cleaning, contg. aloe and chamomile exts. and
phospholipid and vitamin C
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
7732-18-5 uses and miscellaneous, acidic, purified, for wet cleaning pads
contg. aloe and chamomile ext. and vitamin C and phospho.lipid
50-81-7 uses and miscellaneous, wet cleaning pads contg. aloe and
chamomile ext. and phospholipid and

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

2 0/5/21 (1 t em 13 f rom f i le: 312)

113178257 CA: 113(20)178257d PATENT
Soft gelatin capsules containing drugs and oily carriers
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Stephan, Guenter; Stephan, Dieter; Honerlagen, Hans;
Mitschka, Jochen
LOCATION: Fed. Rep. Ger.
PATENT: Germany ; DE 3818022 C1 DATE: 891019
APPLICATION: DE 3818022 (880524)
PAGES: 4 pp. CODEN: GWXXAW LANGUAGE: German CLASS: A61K-009/48A;
A61K-035/78B; A61K-035/78J; A61K-031/695J
SECTION:
CA263006 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: gelatin capsule soft oil drug
DESCRIPTORS:
Pharmaceutical dosage forms,capsules, soft ...
gelatin, plant exts. or drugs and silicones for
Si.loxanes and Silicones, biological studies ...
soft gelatin capsules contg. plant exts. or drugs and, for digestive
tract·diseases treatment
Artemisia ... Chelidonium ... Cynara ... Frangula ... Pharmaceutical natural
products,aloe ... Pharmaceutical natural products,cascara sagrada .. .
Pharmaceutical natural products,Senna ..• Rhubarb,R. rhaponticum .. .
soft gelatin capsu.les contg. silicones and exts .. of, for digestive
tract diseases treatment
Digestive tract,disease ... Intestine,disease or disorder ...
treatment of, with soft gelatin capsules contg. drugs or plant exts.
and silicone
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
603-50-9 10040-45-6 soft gelatin capsules contg. silicones and, for
digestive tract díseases treatment

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/22 (Item 14 from file: 312)

113178033 CA: 113(20)178033c PATENT
Moisturizing cosmetic composition comprising liquid crystals
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Courtin, Olivier
LOCATION: Fr.
ASSIGNEE: Clarins S. A.
PATENT: France Demande; FR 2633515 Al DATE: 900105
APPLICATION: FR 888880 (880630)
PAGES: 9 pp. CODEN: FRXXBL LANGUAGE: French CLASS; A61K-007/48A
SECTION:

32
 October 22, 1991 9:56am Page 13

CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics

IDENTIFIERS: moisturizing cosmetic liq crystal
DESCRIPTORS;
Pharmaceutical natural products,aloe ...
ext., moisturizing cosmetic compn. contg~
Cosmetics,moisturizers ...
liq. crystals-contg. compn.
Horiey ... Liquid crystals ... Oils,glyceridic, borage seed ...
Oils,glyceridic, rice bran ... Safflower oil ... Vinyl
compounds,carboxy-contg., polymers,polymers .. .
moisturizing cosmetic compn. contg.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
50-70-4 56-81-5 biological studies, moisturizing cosmetic compn. contg.
112-92-5 471-53-4 538-23-8 621-71-6 1135-24-6 1406-18-4 1406-70-8
36653-82-4 moisturizing cosmetic compn. contg.

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/23 (Item 15 from file: 312)

113158516 CA: 113(18)158516j JOURNAL
Feroxidin, a novel 1-methyltetralin derivative isolated from Cape aloe
AUTHOR(S): Speranza, Giovanna; Manitto, Paolo; Monti, Diego; Lianza,
Francesca
LOCATION: Dip. Chim. Org. Ind., Univ. Milano, I-20133, Milan, Italy
JOURNAL: Tetrahedron Lett. DATE: 1990 Vo.LUME: 31 NUMBER: 21 PAGES;
3077-80 CODEN: TELEAY ISSN: 0040-4039 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:
CA263004 Pharmaceuticals
CA211XXX Plant Biochemistry
CA226XXX Biomolecules and Their Synthetic Analogs
IDENTIFI.ERS; Cape aloe feroxidin methy 1 tetral in der i v, tetral i.n methy1
deriv feroxidin Cape aloe, Aloe leaf feroxidin methyltetralin deriv
DESCRIPTORS:
Nomenclature,new natural products ...
feroxidin (methyltetralin deriv.)
Aloe ferox ...
feroxidin froro leaf juice of, isolation and structure of
Configuration,abs .... Conformation and Conformers ...
of feroxidin
Molecular structure,natural product ...
of feroxidin (methyltetralin deriv.)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
129622-85-1 of Cape aloe, isolation and structure detn. of
129601-89-4P prepn. of

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/24 (Item 16 from file: 312)

113084672 CA: 113(10)84672h JOURNAL
Skin protectant drug products tor over-the-counter human use; proposed
rulemaking for diaper rash drug products
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United States Food and Drug Administration
LOCATION: Rockville, MD, 20857, USA
JOURNAL: Fed. Regist. DATE: 1990 VOLUME: 55 NUMBER: 119 PAGES:
25204-32 CODEN: FEREAC ISSN: 0097-6326 LANGUAGE: English
SECTION:

32.2
 October 22, 1991 9:56am Page 14

CA263002 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: review pharmaceutical diaper rash, dermatitis diaper
pharmaceutical
DESCRIPTORS:
Oat ,meal ...
colloidal, of diaper rash over-the-couner prepns. tor humans, stds. for
Yeast ...
- ext., of diaper rash over-the-counter prepns. for humans, stds. for
Pharmaceut.ical dosage forms, topical ...
for diaper rash in humans, over-the-counter, stds. for
Aloe barbade.osis... Balsams, Peru. .. Caseins, calcium cO.mplexes, compounds ...
Cocoa butter ... Cod-liver oil ... Hydrocarbon oils ... Kaolin,biological
studies ... Lano.lin ... Oils, glyceridic r shark-liver .... Petrolatum . . . .Protein
hydrolyzates ... Tannins ...
of diaper rash over-the-counter prepns~ for humans, stds. for
Dermatitis ...
treatment of, in diaper rash in humans, topical over-the-counter
prepns. for, stds. for
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
9004-34-6 biological studies, microcryst., of diaper rash over-the-counter
prepns. for humans, stds. for
56-81-5 144-55-8 1314-13-2 7704-34-9 9005-25-8 10043-35-3 14807-96-6
21645-51-2 bio.logica.l studies, of diaper rash over-the-counter prepns.
for humans, stds. for
52-89-1 59-51-8 67-97-0 81-13-0 97-59-6 139-12-8 557-34-6 1304-85-4
1406-18-4 3486-35-9 5579-81-7 8011-96-9 9006-65-9 11103-57-4 of
diaper rash over-the-counter prepns. for humans, stds. for

Copy.right .1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/25 (Item 17 from file: 312)

112240307 CA: 112(26)240307e PATENT
Skin care systems including softening and nourishment components
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Lowry, Edwina A.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: AlIene, Amy, Cosmetiques, Inc.
PATENT: United States ; US 4900550 A DATE: 900213
APPLICATION: US 87108 (870819)
PAGES: 8 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424195100;
A61K-035/78A; A61K-031/355B; A61K-031/23B
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
.IDENTIFIERS: skin care cosmetic softener penetrator protectant
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe barbadensis ...
conc., skin care system contg.
Collagens,biological studies ... Elastins ... Elastins,hydrolyzates ...
Lanolin ... Mucopolysaccharides,hydrolyzates,compounds ... Oils,glyceridic,
almond ... Oils,glyceridic, apricot kernel ... Oils,glyceridic, wheat germ ...
Petrolatum ... Safflower oil ... Sunflower oil ... Waxes and Waxy
substances,jojoba ...
skin care system contg., multiple-step
.Cosmetics ...
softener and penetrator and nourishment multiple step application
systems in
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:

313
 October 22, 1991 9:57am Page 15

57-11-4 57-55-6 60-00-4 biological studies, skin penetrating compn.

contg., in multiple step skin care system
81-13-0 118-56-9 9004-95-9 skin nourishing compn. contg., in multiple
step skin care system
97-59-6 142-91-6 9004-61-9 9005-65-6 9007-20-9 28874-51-3 35274-05-6
skin penetrating compn. contg., in multiple step skin care system
111-02-4 1406-16-2 1406-18-4 9004-99-3 11099-07-3 11103-57-4
- 16958-85-3 36653-82-4 skin softening compn. contg., in multiple step
skin care system

Copyright 1991 by the Amer.ican Chemical Soc.iety

20/5/26 (Item 18 from file: 312)

112223146 CA: 112(24)223146j PATENT
Polysiloxane-containing emulsion for skin protection
LOCAT.ION: Swi tz .
ASSIGNEE: Geramu A.-G.
PATENT: Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho ; JP 89258617 A2 ; JP 01258617 DATE:
891016
APPLICATION: JP 8935960 (890215) *GB 883543 (880216) *GB 8828684 (881208)
PAG.ES: 4 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: A61K-007j40A;
A61K-007/00B; A61K-009/10B
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: siloxane emulsion skin protection
DESCRIPTORS:
Siloxanes and Silicones,di-Me,biological studies ...
cosmetic emulsions contg.
Aloe barbadensis ... Royal jelly ... Surfactants ...
cosmetic emulsions contg. siloxanes and
Cosmetics,emulsions ...
siloxanes and surfactants in
AleohoIs,C16 and C18-unsatd., ethoxylated,compounds ...
skin emulsions contg. siloxanes and
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
7761-88-8 biological studies, skin emulsions contg. siloxanes and
1415-73-2 9005-00-9 skin emulsions contg. s.iloxanes and

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemieal Soeiety

20/5/27 (Item 19 froID file; 312)

112223141 CA: 112(24)223141d PATENT
Post-foarning shave gel composition
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Smith, Walter P.i Kavaliunas, Dalia R.; Bevacqua,
Andrew J.
LOCATION: USA
ASSIGNEE: Lauder, Estee, Inc.
PATENT: European Pat. Appl. ; EP 339634 Al DATE: 891102
APPLICATION: EP 89107631 (890427) *US 188208 (880429)
PAGES: 7 pp. CODEN: EPXXDW LANGUAGE: English CLASS: A61K-007j15A
DESIGNATED COUNTRIES: BE; CH; DE; FR; GB; IT; LI
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: shave gel postfoaming, hyaluronate shave ge.l
DESCRIPTORS:
Calendula ... Centaurea cyanus ... Linden ... Matricaria ... St.-John's-wort ...
 October 22, 1991 9:58am Page 16

exts., shave gel compns. contg. hyaluronates and

Shaving preparations,gels ...
post-foaming, hyaluronates in
Aloe barbadensis ...
shave gels contg. hyaluronates and
CAS REGI5TRY NUMBER5:
97-59-6 shave gel compn. contg. hyaluronates and
9004-61-9 98616-25-2 127273-55-6 shave gels contg., post-foaming

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/28 (Item 20 from file: 312)

112185587 CA: 112(20)185587u PATENT
Cosmetic skin eonditioners containing aloenin and its salts
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Fukushima, Makoto; Inaoka, Yasunori; Tanaka, Mika
LOCATlON: Japan,
A5SIGNEE: Pola Chemieal .lndustr ies, lne.
PATENT: Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho ; JP 89287009 A2 JP 01287009 DATE:
891117
APPLlGA~ION: 3P 87114061 (870511)
PAGES: 5 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE.: Japanese CLASS: A61K-007/00A;
A61K-007/48B
5ECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
GA201XXX Pharmacology
CA263XXX Pharmaeeuticals
IDENT.IFIERS: aloenin wound heal.ing eosmetic
DESCRIPTORS:
Aloe arboreseens ... Aloe saponaria ...
aloenin extn. from, for skin conditioners
Cosmetics ...
eontg. aloenin for skin eonditioning
Wound heal ing . ..
eosmetics contg. aloenin for
Pharmaeeutical natural product·s, aloe ...
skin conditioners contg.
GAS REGlSTRY NUMBER5:
38412-46-3 eosmetie skin conditioners contg.
9004-61-9 cosmetic skin conditioners contg~ aloenin and

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/29 (Item 21 from file: 312)

112164948 CA: 112(18)164948x PATENT
Aloefe.ron isolation, manufacture, and applications
lNVENTOR(AUTHOR): Madis, Valdemar H.; Ornar, Mostafa M.; Madis, Voldemar
LOCATlON: USA
ASSlGNEE: Madis, Dr., Laboratories, Inc.
PATENT: Uni ted States ; US 4861761 A DAT.E: 890829
APPLlCATION: US 833084 (860224) *US 625521 (840628)
PAGES; 8 pp. Cont. of U.5. Ser. No. 625,521, abandoned. CODEN: USXXAM
LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 514054000; A61K-031/715A
SECTlON:
CA263004 Pharmaceuticals
CA204XXX Toxieology
IDENTIFIERS: Aloe polysaccharide growth regulator antitoxin, aloeferon

}2S
 October 22, 1991 9:59am page 17

polysaccharide growth regulator antitoxin

DESGRIPTORS:
Nomenclature,new natural products .•.
aloeferon (polysaccharide)
Aloe barbadensis ...
aloeferon from, isolatian ano spectra ano mitagenic activity af
Antitoxins ... Mitogens ...
- aloeferon palysaccharioe fram Aloe vera as
Curare ...
antioote for, aloeferon palysaccharide fram Aloe vera as
Polysacchar.ides, biological stud.ies ...
of Aloe vera and A. barbadensis, isolation and spectra and mitogenic
activity of
GAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
51-55-8 biological studies, antidote for, aloeferan palysaccharide from
Aloe vera as
126339-48-8 af Aloe vera or A. barbadensis, isolation and spectra ano
mitogenic activity of

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/30 (Item 22 fram fi~e: 312)

112084202 CA: 112(10)84202j PATENT
Inhibitors af sialidase as micradicides
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Sato, Toshio; Niina, Yasunori
LOCATION: Japan,
ASSIGNEE: Nippon Hypox K. K.
PATENT: Japan Kokai Tokkya Koha JP 89121215 A2 JP 01121215 DATE:
890512
APPLICATION: JP 87280763 (871106)
PAGES: 4 pp. COD.EN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: A61K-031/12A;
A61K-031/19B; C12N-009/99B; C07C-050/34; C07C-065/40
SECTION:
CA263006 Pharmaceuticals
CA201XXX Pharmacology
IDENTIFIERS: sialidase inhibitor microbicide pharmaceutical
DESGRIPTORS:
Bactericides, Disinfectants, ano Antiseptics,medical ... Fungicioes and
Fungistats,medical ... Virucides and Virustats ...
sialidase inhibitors, senidins as
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
9001-67-6 inhibitors of, micraqicidal pharmaceuticals cantg.
517-44-2 641-12-3 microbicidal pharmaceuticals cantg.
518-82-1 of Aloe, microbicidal pharmaceuticals contg.

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/31 (Item 23 fram file: 312)

111239330 CA: 111(26)239330e PATENT
Skin-lightening cosmetics containing kojic acio (oerivatives) ano aloe
extact salutions and/or powders
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Takeuchi, Keiji; Deura, Hiroshi; Ishida, Keiichiro
.LOGATION: Japan,
ASSIGNEE: Lian Corp.
PATENT: Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koha 3P 89121205 A2 JP 01121205 DATE:
890512
 Octoher 22, 1991 9:59am Page 18

APPLICATION; JP 81280059 (871104)

PAGES: 6 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: A61K-007/00A
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
CA211XXX Plant Biochemistry
IDENTIFIERS: kojic acid aloe ext skin lightening
DESCRIPTORS:
Cosmetics,skin-lightening ...
contg. kojic acid (derivs.) and aloe ext.
Aloe barbadensis ... Pharmaceutical natural products,aloe ...
ext. ~ skin-lightening cosmetics contg. koj ic acid (der.ivs.) and
Me lanocyte ...
inhibitors for, kojic acid (derivs.) and aloe ext. as, for
skin-lightening
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
501-30-4D derivs., mixto contg. aloe ext., skin-lightening cosmetics
contg.
123896-10-6 123997-19-3 123997-20-6 skin-lightening cosmetics contg.

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemica.l Society

20/5/32 (Item 24 from file: 312)

111120598 CA: 111(14)120598h JOURNAL
Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric determination of aloe
components in skin-care cosmetics
AUTHOR (S): Nakamura, Hi.roshi; Kan, Teruo; Kishimoto, Kiyoko; Ikeda, Kazuo
Amemiya, Takashi; Ito, Koichi; Watanabe, Yohya
LOCATION: Tokyo Metrop. Res. Lab. Public Health, Tokyo, Japan, 169
JOURNAL: Eisei Kagaku DATE: 1989 VOLUME: 35 NUMBER: 3 PAGES: 219-.25
CODEN: ESKGA2 ISSN: 0013-273X LANGUAGE: Japanese
SECTION:
CA262004 Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: aloe cosmetic compn detn, gas chromatog aloe cosmetic compn,
mass spectrometry aloe cosmetic compn
DESCR.IPTORS :
Cosmetics ...
aloe ext.-contg., aloenin and barbaloin detn. by gas chromatog.-mass
spectrometry in
Aloe arborescens ... Aloe ferox ...
exts., aloenin and barbaloin detn. in cosmetics contg., by gas
chromatog.-mass spectrometry
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
1415-73-2 38412-46-3 aetn. of, in aloe ext.-contg. cosmetics by gas
chromatog.-mass spectrometry

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/33 (Item 25 from file: 312)

111060051 CA: 111(8)60051n PATENT
Detergents and soaps containing aloe and herbs
INVENTOR{AUTHOR): Marita, Yasumasa
LOCATION: Japan,
PATENT: Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho ; 3P 89104700 A2 3P 01104700 DATE:
890421
APPLICATION: JP 87262458 (871017)
PAGES; 2 pp. CODEN: JKXXAF LANGUAGE: Japanese CLASS: C11D-003/382A;

327
 October 22, 1991 10:00am page 19

C11D-009/38B; A61K-007/00; A61K-007/50

SECTION:
CA246006 Surface-Active Agents and Detergents
CA262XXX Essential Oils and Cosmetics
IDENTIFIERS: aloe sodium edetate herb detergent
DESCRIPTORS:
Detergents ...
- contg. sodium edetate and aloe and herbs
Aloe(genus) ... Berb ...
detergents and soaps contg.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
64-02-8 detergents contg. aloe and herbs and

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/34 (Item 26 from file: 312)

111028592 CA: 111(4)28592d PATENT
Decongestant comprising zinc and vegetable oil
INVENTOR(AUTHOR): Bates, Harry L.
LOCATION: USA
PATENT: United States ; US 4826683 A DATE: 890502
APPLICATION: US ~902 (870109)
PAGES: 3 pp. CODEN: USXXAM LANGUAGE: English CLASS: 424641000;
A61K-033/30A; A61K-035/78B
SECTION:
CA263006 Pharmaceuticals
IDENTIFIERS: decongestant zinc vegetable oil
DESCRIPTORS .:
Aloe barbadensis ... Oils,glyceridic, vegetable ...
decongestant contg.
Pharmaceutical dosage forms,sprays, nasal ...
decongestant contg. vegetable 0.i1 and vi tamins and .zinc
I

Corn oil ... Linseed oil ... Oils,glyceridic, animal ... Oils,glyceridic,
sesame ... Oils, glycer.idic" wheat germ ... O.live oil ... Peanut oil ....
Safflower oil ... Soybean oil ...
decongestant contg. zinc and
Decongestants ...
zinc- and vegetable oil-contg.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS:
50-81-7 biological studies, decongestant contg.
7440-66-6D compds., decongestant contg.
58-85-5 1406-18-4 8059-24-3 9000-69-5 11103-57-4 decongestant contg.

Copyright 1991 by the American Chemical Society

20/5/35 (Item 27 from file: 312)

110219177 CA: 110(24)219177m JOURNAL
Determination of carboxylic acids in Aloe
AUTHOR(S): Berashvili, D. T.; Shemeryankina, M. l.; Kosova, N. G.;
Komarova, E. L.
LOCATION: VNIl Lek. Rast. , Moscow, USSR
JOURNAL: Farmatsiya (Moscow) DATE: 1989 VOLUME: 38 NUMBER: 2 PAGES:
38-40 CODEN: FRMTAL ISSN: 0367-3014 LANGUAGE: Russian
SECTION:
CA264002 Pharmaceutical Analysis
IDENTIFIERS: carboxylate detn aloe potentiometry titrn
 October 22, 1991 10:01am Page 20

DESCR.IPTORS:
Titration,potentiometric ...
carboxylic acids detn. in aloe by
Plant analysis ...
carboxylic acids detn. in aloe in, by potent~ometric titrn.
Aloe arboresce.ns ....
carboxylic acids detn. in, by potentiometric titrn.
Carboxylic acids,analysis ...
detn. of, in aloe, by potentiometric titrn.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS;
6915-15-7 detn. of, in aloe, by potentiometric titrn.
Copyright 199.1 by the American Chemical Society
? T S20/4/36-51

20/4/36 (Item 1 from file: 125)

2186447 9122366
C/ PRESSURIZED HAIR SPRAY COMPOSITION
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: Shernov Stephen (US)
Assignee: Cosmosol Ltd
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
------ ---------- ------
Patent: US 381053 890711 US 5053218 911001
Priority Applic: US 381053 890717
Abstract:
An envirenmentally seund, nonflammable pressurized hair-fixative spray
product comprises shellac, dimethyl ether and water.

20/4/37 (Item 1 from file: 340)

2175570 9119747
e/ COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR REJUVENATING SKIN USING VITAMIN A PROPIONATE
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventers: Fulten James E Jr (US)
Assignee: Unassigned Or Assigned To Individual
Assignee Cede: 68000
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
--------- ------ ---------- ------
Patent: US 467794 900119 US 5043356 910827
Priority Aonjic: US 467794 900119
Abstract:
Topically applied compositions for the accelerated rejuvenation of skin and
an associated method of skin care treatment are disclosed utilizing vitamin
A propionate of the general formula

D R A WI N G

in an aqueous based carrier at a concentration ranging from 0.1% to

4.0%. The carrier may include non-ionic surfactants, preservatives and
thickeners. The vitamin A propionate composition is topically applied to
the skin at a frequency which is determined by skin type as determined by
skin oi1 production rateo

20/4/38 (Item 2 from file: 340)

2165417 9116743

32.j
 October 22, 1991 10:02am Page 21

C/ TOPICAL AGENT AND METHOD POR THE TREATMENT OF PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS BARBAE

Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: Rosen Steven E (US); Thomas Robert M (US)
Assignee: Unassigned Or Assigned To Individual
Assignee Code: 68000
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date .Number Date

Patent: US 369938 890622 US 5034221 910723

Priority Applic: US 369938 890622
Abstract:
A topical agent and method for the treatment and prevention of
pseudofolliculitis barbae# commonly known as f Irazor bumps' '# is effected
by the topical application to beard areas of the face of a combination of
acetylsalicylic acid, corn starch, isopropyl alcohol, and aloe vera.

20/4/39 (Item 3 from file: 340)

2154822 3135526
M/ COMPRESSIBLE THREE CHAMBER DEVICE FOR DISPERSING POMADE
Document Type: UTI.LITY
Inventors: Guzman Julio (US); Spector George (US)
Assignee; Unass.igned Or .Assigned To Individual
Assignee Code: 68000
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number .Date .Number Date
--------- ------ ---------- ------
Patent: US 111293 871022 US 5024546 910618
Priority Applic: US 111293 871022
Abstract:
A pomade externally applied to the skin is provided and consists of soybean
oil, peanut oil# wheat ge·rm oil, rose perfume, jas.ime perfume, hocalito
tree leaves, aloe vera and pure rain water. An apparatus for applying the
pomade is employed that includes a container that has three chambers. The
first chamber is for storing a plurality of cotton balls, the second
cnamber is for storing and dispensing alcohol and the third chamber is for
storing and dispensing the pomade through a brush thereon for application
to a person's body.

20/4/40 (Item 4 from file: 340)

2121606 9104272
CI SHAVING COMPOSITION; USE WITHOUT WATER; FOR CAMPING, TRAVELING; CATIONIC
POLYMERS, POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE AND HYDROXYAMIDES
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: White Blanca A (US)
Assignee: Aloe Scientific Labs
Assignee Code; 24934
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
--------- ------ ---------- ------
Patent: US 40431 870420 US 4994265 910219
Cont.-in-part of: US 773432 850906 ABANDONED
Priority Applic: US 40431 870420
US 773432 850906
Abstract:
A shaving composition comprising at least about 10 wt % aloe vera product,
a cosmetically acceptable film forming agent# a cosmetically acceptable
 October 22, 1991 10:03am Page 22

lubricity agent, and a cosmetically acceptable preservat.ive~ The shaving

composition of the invention may be in the form of either a liquid or a
gel. The composition can be used without prior application of water to the
area to be shaved and can be packaged in a variety of forms which make it
especially suitable for travelers, campers, and the like.

20/4/41 (Item 5 from file: 340)

2105806 9028051
C/ TRANSPARENT SOAP COMPOSITION BASED ON SOAPS OF TALLOW FATTY ACIDS AND
WATER AND ON AT LEAST ONE 1,2-ALKANEDIOL; AND A TRANSPARENCY AGENT
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: Caudet Alain (FR); Verite Claude (FR)
Assignee: L'Oreal S A FR
Assignee Code: 47368
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Nurnber .Date

Patent .: US 326923 890322 US 4980078 901225

Priority Annlic: LU 87179 880324
Abstract:
Compesition in the form of a transparent, solid cake containing a soap
consisting of a salt oÍ CIO-C20 fatty, acids, a 1,2alkanediol containing
frorn 10 to 18 carbon atoms, a transpareney agent, and water in quantities
of less than or egual to 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the
compesition.

20/4/42 (Item 6 from file: 340)

2080880 9020844
e/ PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF ALOE PRODUCTS; POLYSACCHARIDE MATERIAL
Docurnent Type: UTILlTY
Inventors: McAnalley Bill H (US)
Assignee: Carrington Laboratories lne
Assignee Code: 18035
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Nurnber Date Number Date
--------- ------
Patent: US 301986 890125 US 4957907 9009.18
Continuation of: US 375720 820507 ABANDONED
US 144872 880114 US 4851224
Cont.-in-part of: US 649967 840912 ABANDONED
US 750321 850628 ABANDONED
US 754859 850714 ABANDONED
US 810025 851217 ABANDONED
US 869261 860605 US 4735935
Priority Applic: US 301986 890125
US 375720 820507
US 144872 880114
US 649967 840912
US 750321 850628
US 754859 850714
US 810025 851217
US 869261 860605
Abstract:
A proeess is oescribed for extracting a pharmaeeutically active
polysaccharidic substance frem the aloe planto The pharmaceutically active
polysaccharidic substance ano its charaeteristic properties are described.

33/
 October 22, 1991 10:03am Page 23

20/4/43 (Item 7 from file: 340)

2076975 9019483
C/ PHOTOPROTECTION COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING TOCOPHEROL SORBATE AND AN
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AG.ENT; TOPICAL SUNSCREEN AGENTS; ULTRAVIOLET
RADIATION AND OXIDATION RESISTNCE
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: Bissett Donald L (US); Bush Rodney D (US); ChatterjeeRanjit
(US)
Assignee: Procter & Gamble Co The
Assignee Code: 68128
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
--------- ------ ---------- ------
?atent: US 346435 890626 US 4954332 900904
Division of: US 112575 871022 US 4847071
Priority Applic: US 346435 890626
US 112575 871022
Abstract;
Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising tocopherol sorbate and
an anti-inflammatory agent which are use.ful for topical application to
prevent damage to skin caused by acute or chronic UV exposure. Combinations
of tocopherol sorbate, an antiinflammatory agent, and a sunscreen are also
disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for using these compositions
topically to prevent damage to skin caused by acute or chronic UV exposure.

20/4/44 (Item 8 from file: 340)

2068652 9017142
e/ PHOTOPROTEeTION eOMPOSITIONS COMPRISING SORBOHYDROXAMIC ACID AND AN
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT; SUNSCREEN AGENTS
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: .Bissett Donald L (US); Chatter jee Ranj i t (US)
Assignee: Procter & Gamble Co The
Assignee Code: 68128
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
--------- ------ ----------
Patent: US 346046 890502 US 4946671 900807
Division of: US 112588 871022 US 4847069
Prior.ity Applic; US 346046 890502
US 112588 871022
Abstract:
Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising sorbohydroxamic acid,
or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, and an anti-inflammatory
agent, which are useful for topical application to prevent damage to skin
caused by acute or chronic UV exposure. Combinations of sorbohydroxamic
acid and an anti-inflammatory agent together with tocopherol sorbate and/or
sunscreens are also disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for using these
compositions topically to prevent damage to skin caused by acute or chronic
UV exposure.

20/4/45 (Item 9 from file: 340)

2037269 9008300
C/ PROCESSES FOR PREPARATION OF ALOE PRODUCTS, PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREBY
AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; CRUSHING, HOMOGENIZING, EXTRACTING TO GIVE
ANTHRAQUINONE-FREE GEL
 October 22, 1991 10:04am page 24

Document Type; UTILITY

Inventors: McAnalley Bill H (US)
Assignee: Carrington Laboratories Inc
Assignee Code: 18035
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
--------- ------ ---------- ------
Patent: US 136193 871221 US 4917890 900417
Continuation of: US 375720 820507 ABANDONED
Cont.-in-part of: US 649967 840912 .ABANDONED
US 750321 850628 ABANDONED
US 754859 850712 ABANDONED
US 810025 851217 ABANDONED
Division of: US 869261 860605 US 4735935
Priority Applic: US 136193 871221
US 375720 820507
US 649967 840912
US 750321 850628
US 754859 850712
US 810025 851217
US 869261 860605
Abstract:
Patent not issued for this number.

20/4/46 (Item 10 from file: 340)

2018608 9003016
el SKIN CARE COSMETIC REGIME; SOFTNER, CELL PENETRATING, SEALANT AND SKIN
TIG.HTENER, NOURISHMENT AND PROTECTANT COMPONENTS
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: Lowry Edwina A (US)
Assignee: AlIene, Amy Cosmetiques Inc
Assignee Code: 22535
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
------ ---------- ------
Patent: US 87108 870819 US 4900550 900213
?riority Applic: US 87108 870819
Abstract;
A novel skin care cosmetic regime is disclosed which enhances the cell
renewal cyc.le of skin without causing irritation. The regime comprises.a
softener component, a cell penetrating component, and a nourishment and
protectant componente For less ~ensitive areas of skin, such as the hands,
a sealant and tightening component is included in the regime.

20/4/47 (Item 11 from f~le; 340)

~976698 8920384
CI ALOEFERON ISOLATION, MANUFACTURING AND ITS APPLICATIONS; DIALYSIS
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: MADIS VALDEMAR H (US); MADIS VOLDEMAR (US); OMAR MOSTAFA M (US)
Assignee: MADIS, DR LABORATORIES INC Assignee Code: 21362
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date .Number Date

Patent: US 833084 860224 US 4861761 890829

Continuation of: US 625521 840628 ABANDONED
Priori ty .App.lic: US 833084 860224

33:J
 Octaber 22, 1991 10:05am page 25

US 625521 840628
Abstract:
THE PRESENT INVENTION IS DIRECTED TO A SUBSTANTIALLY PURE THERAPEUTICALLY
ACTIVE ALo.E ISOLATE HAVI.NG A MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ABOUT 70,000 AND A
DIALYSIS METHOD FOR MAKING SAID ALOE ISOLATE.

20/4/48 (Item 12 fra.m file: 340)

1965421 8917007
C/ PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF ALOE PRODUCTS; DRYING THE PRECIPITATED
ACE7Y:'ATED MANNOSE-BASED POLYSACCHARI.D E OBTAINED BY ADDING A SOLVENT
TO ACIDIFIED ALOE JUrCE FROM TH E LEAF
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventars: MCANALLEY BILL H (US)
Assignee: CARRINGTON LABORATORIES INC Assignee Cade: 18035
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
--------- ------ ---------- ------
Patent: US 144872 880114 US 4851224 890725
Continuation of: US 375720 820507 ABANDONED
Cont.-in-part af: US 649967 840912 ABANDONEn
US 750321 850628 ABANDONED
US 754859 850712 ABANDONED
US 810025 851217 ABANDONED
US 869261 860605 US 4735935
Priarity Applic: US 144872 880114
US 375720 820507
US 649967 840912
US 750321 850628
US 754859 850712
US 810025 851217
US 869261 860605
Abstract:
A PROCESS 1S DESCRIBED FOR EXTRACTING A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE
POLYSACCHARIDIC SUBSTANCE FROM THE ALOE PLANT. THE PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE
?OLYSACCHARIDIC SUBSTANCE AND ITS CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES ARE DESCRIBED.

20/4/49 (Item 13 fram file: 340)

1960976 8915702
el PEOTOPROTECTION COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING TOCOPHEROL SORBATE AND AN
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT; SUNSCREEN AGENTS
Document Type: UTILITY
Inventors: BISSETT DONALD L (US); BUSH RODNEY D (US); CHATTERJEE RANJIT
(US)
Assignee: PROCTER & GAMBLE CO THE Assignee Cade: 68128
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date

Patent: US 112575 871022 US 4847071 890711

?riority Applic: US 112575 871022
Abstract:
DISCLOSED ARE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING TOCOPHEROL SORBATE AND
AN ANTI-IN.FLAMMATORY AGENT WHICH ARE USEFUL FOR TOPIGAL APPLICATION TO
PREVENT DAMAGE TO SKIN CAUSED BY ACUTE OR CHRONIC UV EXPOSURE. COMBINATIONS
OF TOCOPREROL SORBATE, AN ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT, AND A SUNSCREEN ARE ALSO
D1SCLOSED. ALSO DISCLOSED 1S A METHOD FOR USING THESE COMPOSITIONS
TOPICALLY TO PREVE.NT DAMAGE TO SKI N CAUSED BY ACUTE OR CRRONIC UV EXPOSURE.

33Y
 Octeber 22, 1991 10:06am page 26

20/4/50 (Item 14 frem file: 340)

1960974 8915700
C/ PHOTOPROTECTION COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING SORBOHYDROXAMIC ACID AND AN
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT; SUNSCREEN AGENTS
Decument Type: UTILITY
Inventers: BISSETT DONALD LYNN (US); CHATTERJEE RANJIT (US)
Assignee; PROCTER & GAMBLE CO THE Assignee Cede: 68128
Applic Applic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date

Patent: US 112588 87~022 US 4847069 890711

Prierity Applic: US 112588 871022
Abstract:
DISCLOSED ARE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONSCOMPRISING SORBOHYDROXAMIC ACID,
OR PHARMACEUTICALLY-ACCEPTABLE SALTS THEREOF, AND AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
AGENT, WHICH ARE USEFUL FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO SKIN
CAUSED BY ACUTE OR CHRONIC UV .EXPOSURE. COMBINATIONS OF SORBOHYDROXAMIC
ACID AND AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT TOGETHER WITH TOCOPHEROL SORBATE ANDjOR
SUNSCREENS ARE ALSO DISCLOSED. ALSO DISCLOSED IS A METHOD FOR USING THESE
COMPOSITIONS TOPICALLY TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO SKIN CAUSED BY ACUTE OR CHRONIC
UV EXPOSURE.

20/4/51 (Item 15 frem file: 340)

1912741 8901858
CI METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR TREATING HYPOGLYCEMIA USING ALOE
POLYSACCHARIDES; ANTIDIABETIC
Decument Type: UTILITY
Inventers: HAYASHI TERUAKI (JP); HIKINO HIROSEI (JP)
Assignee: TOYO YAKUSHOKU KOGYO CO LTD JP Assignee Cede: 14509
Applic Appl.ic Patent Issue
Number Date Number Date
?atent: US 879603 860627 US 4801582 890131
Cent. -in-pa.rt ef; US 718082 850401 US 4598069
Prierity Applic: US 879603 860627
US 718082 850401
Abstract:
A HYPOGLYCEMIC COMPOSITION WHICH CONTAINS AS AN EFFECTIVE COMPONENT A
POLYSACCHARIDE NAMED AS ARBORAN A OR B WHIGH .HAS HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY AND
WATER SOLUBILITY, AND A METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES COMPRISING
ADMINISTERING TO A PATIENT AFFLICTED WITH DIABETES A THERAPUTICALLY
EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF THE ABOVE COMPOSITION ..

3J.)
 October 22, 1991 10:17am Page 1

File 155:MEDLINE 66-91/DEC (9112W2)

**EXPLODE feature now available. See Feb 1991 CHRONOLOG for details **
File 55:BIOSIS PREVIEWS_85-91/SEP BA9209:BARRM4109
(C. BIOSIS 1991)

18/5/1 (Item 1 from f~le: 155)

07781606 91300606
Barbaloi.n stimulates growth of Eubacterium sp. strain BAR, a
barbaloin-.metabolizing bacterium from human feces.
Che QM; Akao T; Hattori M; Tsuda Y; Namba T; Kobashi K
Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku (Traditional Sino-Japanese Medicines),
Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) (JAPAN) Mar 199.1, 39 (3) p757-60, ISSN
0009-2363 Journal Code: CZP
Languages: ENGLISH
Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9110
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Eubacterium sp. strain BAR, isolated from human feces, transformed
barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone in a basal mediumlacking carbohydrate.
3arbaloin remarkably stimulated the growth of strain BAR in the basal
medium, t.he stimulative extent o.f the growth depending on the amount of
barbaloin added. The addition of D-glucose, D-galactose, mal tose,
cellobiose, sucrose or .D-amygdalin to the basal medium containing barbaloin
caused a decrease of the growth stimulated by barbaloin to the growth level
with each sugar, resulting in a complete inhibition of the barbalo.:.n
transformation. On the other hand, the addition of D-fructose, which itself
stimulated the growth o.f strain BAR, further increased the growth in the
presence of barbaloin and little inhibited barbaloin transformation.
Noji.rimycin bisulfite, a specific inhibitor oÍ glucosidases, potently
inhibited the growth with barbaloin, but did not affect the growth with
glucose or cellobiose. Also, nojirimycin bisulfite completely inhibited the
transformation of barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone. These results indicate
that a unique enzyme capable o.f cleaving the C-glycosyl bond is induced in
strain BAR by barbaloin and, consequently, strain BAR grows by utilizing as
a nutrient the carbohydrate liberated from barbaloin. It is further
suggested that the barbaloin-cleaving enzyme is inhibited by nojirimycin
bisulfite and that the induction oÍ the enzyme is repressed with D-glucose
and D-galactose.
Tags: Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov1t
Descriptors: *Anthracenes--Pharmacology--PD; *Cathartics--Pharmacology
--PD; *Eubacterium--Drug Effects--DE; *Feces--Microbiology--MI; Anthracenes
--Metabolism--ME; Cathartics--Metabolism--ME; Eubacterium --Growth and
Development--GD; Eubacterium--Metabolism--ME
CAS Registry No.: 1415-73-2 (barbaloin)

18/5/2 (Item 2 from file: 155)

07774013 91293013
Topical use of aloe vera derived allantoin gel in otolaryngology [letter]
Thompson JE
Ear Nose Throat J (UNITED STATES) Jan 1991, 70 ( 1) p56, ISSN
0145-5613 Journal Code: EDF
Languages: ENGLISH
Document type: LETTER
 October 22, 1991 10: 17am page 2

JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9110

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Tags: Human
Descriptors: *Allantoin--Therapeutic Use--TU; *Rhinitis, Allergic,
Perennial--Drug Therapy--DT; Administration, Intranasal; Allantoin
--Administration and Dosage--AD; 'Drug Combinations; Gels
CASRegistry No.: O (Carrington der.mal wound gel); 97-59-6 (Allantoin)
18/5/3 (Item 3 from file: 155)
07742319 91261319
Aloe vera dermal wound gel is associated with a delay in wound healing.
Schmidt JM; Greenspoo.n JS
Department of Nursing, Womenls Hospital, Los Angeles County-University of
Southe.rn California Medical Center.
Obstet Gynecol (UNITED STATES) Jul 1991, 78 (1) p115-7, ISSN
0029-7844 Journal Code: OC2
Languages: ENGLISH
Document type: CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED
TRIAL
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9109
Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS
we evaluated the time interval required for wound healing using a
standard wound management protocol with and without aloe vera gel.
Twenty-one women were studied who had wound complications requiring healing
by secona intention after cesarean delive.ry or laparotomy for gynecologic
surgery. Wounds treated with standard management healed in a mean (+/- SD)
time interval of 53 +/- 24 days, whereas those t.reated with aloe vera gel
required 83 +/- 28 days (P = .003). The use of aloe vera dermal wound gel
was associated with a significant delay in wound healing compared with
treatment with an otherwise identical regimen that did not include aloe
ve.ra.
Tags: Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov1t
Descriptors: *Aloe; *Cesarean Section; *Wound Healing--Drug Effects--DE;
Adult; Cesarean Section--Methods--MT; Gels; Time Factors

18/5/4 (Item 4 from file: 155)

07613421 91132421
Aloe vera as a biologically active vehicle for hydrocortisone acetate.
Davis RE; Parker WL; Murdoch DP
Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia 19107.
J Am Podiatr .Mea Assoc (UNITED STATES) Jan 1991, 81 (1) pl-9, ISSN
8750-7315 Journal Code: JPA
Languages: ENGLISH
Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9105
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Aloe vera, as a biological vehicle tor hydrocortisone 21-acetate, was
testea topically and systemically against acute inflammation. Systemically,
the combination of A. vera and hydrocortisone produced a maximum 88.1%
inhibition of edema. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration was reduced
91.1%. The topical inhibition of edema peaked at 97%. The possibility that
A. vera has significant potential as a biologically active vehicle for
steroids is discussed.
Tags: Animal; Comparative Study; Female; Male
Descriptors: *Aloe; *Hydrocortisone--Analogs and Derivatives--AA;
*Hydrocortisone, Topical--Administration and Dosage--AD; *Inflammation

3i7
 October 22, 1991 10:17am page 3

--Drug Therapy--DT; Acute Disease; Hydrocortisone --Administration and

Dosage--AD; Hydrocortisone--Pharmacology--PD; Hydrocortisone, Topical
--Pharmacology--PD; Mice; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vehicles
CAS Registry No.: 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 53187-58-9 (hydrocortisone
acetate)

18/5/5 (Item 5 from file: 155)

07610451 91129451
A drug for all seasons. Medical and pharmacological history of aloe.
Haller JS Jr
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado
Health Sciences Center# Denver.
Bull N Y Acad Med (UNITED STATES) Nov-Dec 1990, 66 (6) p647-59, ISSN
0028-7091 Journal Code: BQO
Languages: ENGLISH
Document type: HISTORICAL ARTICLE; JOURNAL ARTICLE
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9.105
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Descriptors: *Aloe; Aloe--Classification--CL; History of Medicine,
Ancient; History of Medicine, 15th Cent.; History of Medicine, 16th Cent.;
History of Medicine, 17th Cent.; History of Medicine, 18th Cent.; 'History
of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, .20th Cent.

18/5/6 (Item 6 from file: 155)

07490659 91009659
Gas chromatographic and mass spectral determination of aloenin in
skin-care cosmetics.
Nakamura H; Okuyama T
Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Japan.
J Chromatogr (NETHERLANDS) Jun 22 1990, 509 (2) p377-82, ISSN
0021-9673 Journal Code: HQF
Languages: ENGLISH
Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9101
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Descriptors: *Cosmetics--Analysis--AN; *Glucosides--Analysis--AN; *Mass
Fragmentography--Methods--MT; Aloe; Calibration; Mass Fragmentography
--Instrumentation--IS; Trimethyltin Compounds--Diagnostic Use--DU
CAS Registry No.: 38412-46-3 (aloenin)

18/5/7 (Item 7 froID file: 155)

07484999 91003999
Hydroxyanthraquinones as tumor promoters: enhancement of malignant
transformation of C3H mouse fibroblasts and growth stimulation of primary
rat hepatocytes.
Wolfle D; Schmutte C; Westendorf J; Marquardt H
Department of Toxicology, University of Hamburg Medical School, Federal
Republic of Germany.
Cancer Res (UNITED STATES) Oct 15 1990, 50 (20) p6540-4, ISSN
0008-5472 30urnal Code: CNF
Languages: ENGLISH
Decument type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9101
Subf.ile: INDEX MEDICUS
Because danthron, though carcinogenic, does not seem to be genotoxic, it
and 8 other hydroxyanthraquinones were comparatively investigated fer
 October 22, 1991 10:18am page 4

activities associated with tumor promotion, such as sti.mulation of cell

proliferation and enhancement of malignant transformation. The in vivo
treatment of primary rat hepatocytes with danthron l aloe-emodin,
chrysophanol, and rhein resulted in a 2-3-fold increase of DNA synthesis,
lucidin ano purpurin were less active, and emod.in, purpuroxanthin, and
alizarin were essentially inactive. In addition, danthron, rhein, and
chrysophanol (preliminary data), but not alizarin, enhanced trans.formation
of -C3H/M2 mouse fibroblasts initiated by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidi
ne or 3-methylcholanthrene. The results of these in vitro studies suggest
~hat hydroxyanthraqui.nones, possessing 2 hydroxy groups in the
1,8-positions, e.g., danthron, rhein, and chrysophanol, may have
tumor-promoting activities. This conclusion is in accordance with the
hypothes~s that the in vivo carcinogenic activity of danthron may be
associated with tumor promotion.
Tags: Animal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov1t
Descriptors: *Anthraquinones--Toxicity--TO; *Carcinogens; *Cell Division
--Drug Effects--DE; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic--Drug Effects--DE;
Cells, Cultured; DNA--Biosynthesis--BI; Liver--Drug Effects--DE;
Methylcholant.hrene; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
; Structure-Activity Relationship
CAS Registry No.: O (Anthraqui.nones); 117-10-2 (danthron); 478-43-3
(rhein); 56-49-5 (Methylcholanthrene); 70-25-7 (Methylnitronitrosoguani
dine); 72-48-0 (alizarin); 9007-49-2 (DNA)

18/5/8 (Item 8 from file: 155)

07454441 90361441
Effects of low molecular constituents from Aloe vera gel on oxidative
metabolism and cytotoxic and bactericidal activities of human neutrophils.
tt Hart LA; Nibbering PH; van den Barselaar MT; van Dijk H; van den Berg
AJ; Labadie RP
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Utrecht,
The Netherlands.
Int J Immunopharmacol 1990, 12 (4) p427-34, ISSN 0192-0561
Journal Code: GRI
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT; 9012
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
In traditional South-East Asian medicine the therapeutic value'of the
parenc.hyrnous leaf-gel of Aloe vera for inflammatory-based diseases is
well-reputed. The airo of this study is to investigate at which level
gel-constituents exert their activity. We show here th~t low -Mr
constituents of an aqueous gel-extract inhibit the release of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) by PMA-stimulated human P~~. Tne compounds inhibit the
ROS-dependent extracellular effects of PMN such as lysis of red blood
cells. T.he capacity of t.he PMN to phagocytose and kilI micro-organisms at
the intracellular level is not affected. The inhibitory activity of the
low-Mr compounds is most pronounced in the PMA-induced ROS production, but
is significantly antagonized by the Ca-ionophore A23187. It is shown that
the inhibitory effect of the low-Mr compounds is the indirect result of the
diminished availability of intracellular free Ca-ions.
Tags: Human; In Vitro
Descriptors: *Aloe; *Neutrophils--Drug Effects--DE; *Plant Extracts
--Pharmaco.logy--PD; *p lants, Med~cinal; Ca.lcimycin--Pharmacology--PD;
Calcium--Metabolism--ME; Candida albicans--Immunology--IM; Cytotoxicity,
Immuno.logic--Drug Effects--DE; Gels; Hydrogen Peroxide--Metabolism--ME;
Molecular Weight; Neutrophils--Immunology--IM; Neutrophils--Metabolism--ME

33/
 October 22, 1991 lO:19am page 5

Oxygen Consumption; Phagocytosis--Drug Effects--DE; Plant Extracts

--Antagonists ano Inhibitors--AI; Staphylococcus aureus--Immunology--IM;
Superoxide--Metabolism--ME
CAS Registry No.: 11062-77-4 (Superoxide); 52665-69-7 (A-23187);
7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide)

18/5/9 (Item 9 from file: 155)

07342072 9024907.2
Studies of aloe. 111. Mechanism of cathartic effect. (2).
Ishii y; Tanizawa H; Takino Y
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan.
Che.m Pharm Bull (Tokyo) Jan 1990, 38 (1) p197-200, ISS.N 0009-2363
Journal Code: CZP
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9008
Subfi.le: INDEX MEDICUS
The mechanism of action of aloe-emodin-9-anthrone, a decomposition
product of barbaloin, in causing a significant increase in the water
content of the rat large intestine, was investigated.
Aloe-emodin-9-anthrone inhibi ted rat colo.nic Na+, K( +) -adenosine
triphosphatase (ATPase) in vitro, and increased the paracellular
permeability across the rat colonic mucosa in vivo .. Therefore, it seemed
that the increase in water content of the rat large intestine produced by
aloe-emodin-9-anthrone was due to both inh.ibi tion of absorption and
stimulation of secretion without stimulation of peristalsis. Furthermore,
pretreatment wi th loperam.ide, an antidiarrheal agent, completely prevented
Lne increase of paracellular permeability induced by aloe-emodin-9-anthrone
but d.id not completely reduce the concomi tant increase in residual fluid
volume. These findings suggest that aloe-emodin-9-anthrone has multiple
mechanisms of action involved in t.he increase of water content .in the rat
j.arge intestine.
Tags: Animal; Male
Descriptors: *Aloe--Analysis--AN; *Anthraquinones--Pharmacology--PD;
*Cathartics--Pharmaco.logy--PD; *Emodin--Pharmacology--PD; *Plants,
Medicinal--Analysis--AN; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium--Antagonists
and Inhibitors--AI; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium
--Antagonists and Inhibitors--AI; Emodin--Analogs and Derivatives--AA;
Intestine, Large--Drug Effects--DE; Intestine, Large--Enzymology--EN;
Intestine, Large--Metabolism--ME; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
CAS Registry No.: 518-82-1 (Emodin); 6247-99-0 (aloe emodin anthrone)
Enzyme No.: EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); EC
3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphospha~ase, Sodium, Potassium)

18/5/10 (Item 10 from file: 155)

07323154 90230754
Effect of aloes on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan diabetic
mice.
Ajabnoor MA
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine ano Allied
Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
J Ethnopharmacol Feb 1990, 28 (2) p215-20, ISSN 0378-8741
Journal Code: K8T
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9008
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
The acute and chronic effects of the exudate of Aloe barbadensis leaves

3fo
 October 22, 1991 10:20am page 6

and its bitter principIe were studied on plasma glucose levels of

alloxan-diabetic mice. Aloes was adm.inistered orally, 500 mg/kg, and the
bitter principIe was administered intraperitoneally, 5 mg/kg. The
hypoglycemic effect of a single oral dose of aloes on serum glucose level
was insignificant whereas that of the bitter principIe was very highly
sign.ificant and extended over a per.i-od of 24 h with maximum hypog.lycemia
observed at +8 h. In chronic studies, aloes was administered twice daily
and the bitter principIe was administered once a day for 4 days. The
maximum reduction in plasma glucose level was observed at the 5th day in
both cases. The hypoglycemic e.ffect of aloes and its bitter principIe may
be mediated through stimulating synthesis and/or release of insulin from
the beta-ceIls of Langerhans.
Tags: Animal; Male
Descriptors: *Aloe--Physio10gy--PH; *B100d Glucose--Metabolism--ME;
*Diabetes MeIIitus, Experimental--Blood--BL; *Hypoglycemic Agents; *Plants,
Medicinal--Physiology--PH; Administration, Oral; Glibenclamide
--P.har.macology--PD; Bypoglycem.ic Agents--Admi.nistration and Dosage--AD;
nypoglycemic Agents--Pharmacology--PD; Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Plant
Extracts--Pharmacology--PD
CAS Registry No.: 10238-21-8 (Glibenclamide)

18/5/11 (Item 11 from file: 155)

07231468 90138468
Aloe vera does not affect cutaneous erythema and blood flow following
ultraviolet B exposure.
Crowell J; Hilsenbeck S; Penneys N
Department of Dermatology, University af Miami Schoal of Medicine,
Florida.
Photodermatol Oct 1989, 6 (5) p237-9, ISSN 0108-9684 Journal Code:
PBA
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9005
SubfiIe: INDEX MEDICUS
Tags: Female; Human; Male
Descriptors: *Aloe; *Erythema--Preventian and Control--PC; *Plants,
Medicinal; *Skin--Blood Supply--BS; Adult; Gels; Middle Age; Regional Blood
Flow; Skin--Drug Effects--DE; Skin--Radiation Effects--RE; Time Factors;
Ultraviolet Rays

18/5/12 (Item 12 from file: 155)

07205031 90112031
Wound heaIing. Oral and topical activity of Aloe vera.
Davis RE; Leitner MG; Russo JM; Byrne ME
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc Nov 1989, 79 (11) p559-62, ISSN 8750-7315
Journal Code: JPA
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9004
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
The influence of Aloe vera, orally and topically, on wound healing was
studiec. Wou~¿s were induced on both sides of the vertebral column of ICR
nice using a biopsy puncho For the oral study, experimental animals
received A. vera in their drinking water .for 2 months, whereas the control
anima:s received only water. In the topical study, experimental animals
were given 25% A. vera in Eucerin cream topically. The control animals
Teceived cream only. A 62.5% reduction in wound diameter was noted in mice
receiving 100 mg/kg/day oral A. vera and a 50.8% reduction was recorded in

311
 October 22, 1991 10:21am page 7

animals receiving topical 25% A. vera. These data suggest that A. vera is
effective by both oral and topical routes of administration.
Tags: Animal; Male
Descriptors: *Aloe; *Plants, Medicinal; *Wound Healing--Drug Effects--DE;
*Wounds and Injur~es--Drug Therapy--DT; Administrat~on, Oral;
Administration, Topical; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Wounds and Injuries
:--pathology--PA

18/5/13 (Item 13 from file: 155)

07190979 90097979
Genotoxicity of naturally occurring hydroxyanthraquinones.
Westendorf J; Marquardt H; Poginsky B; Dominiak M; Schmidt J; Marquardt H
Department of Toxicology, University of Hamburg Medical Schoal, F.R.G.
Mutat Res Jan 1990, 240 (1) p1-.12, ISSN 0027-5107 Journal Code; NNA
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9004
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
A variety of structurally related hydroxyanthraquinones (HA) were
investigated in a test battery for the evaluation or mutagenicity and
cell-transforming activity. The tests were: (1) the Salmonella typhimurium
mutagenicity assay, (2) the V79-HGPRT mutagenicity assay, (3) the
uNA-repair induction assay in primary rat hepatocytes and (4) the in vitro
transformation of C3H/M2 mouse fibrob.lasts. In Salmonella, most or the
tested compounds were mutagenic in strain TA1537, but only a few were
active in other strains. Among these were· HA with a hydroxymethyl group,
such as lucidin and aloe-emodin. In V79 cells, only HA with 2 hydroxy
groups in the 1,3 positions (1,3-DHA, purpurin, emodin) or with a
hydroxymethyl s~aechain (lucidin and aloe-emodin) were mutagenic. The
compounds found to be active in V79 cells were also active in the
DNA-repair assay and in the C3H/M2 transformation assay. Thus, it appears
that tne genotoxicity of HA is dependent on certain structural
requirements.
Tags: Animal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov 1 t
Descriptors: *Anthraquinones--Toxicity--TO; *Mutagens; Cells, Cultured;
Mutagenicity Tests; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salmonella--Drug Effects
--DE; Structure-Activity Relat~onship

18/5/14 (Item 14 from file: 155)

07133137 90040137
?rocessed Aloe vera administered topically inhibits inflammation.
Davis RH; Rosentha.l KY; Cesario LR; Rouw GA
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc Aug 1989, 79 (8) p395-7, ISSN 8750-7315
Journal Code: JPA
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9002
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Aloe vera pre~arations were evaluated for topical anti-inflammatory
activity using the croton oi.l-induced edema assay. The results show that
sma~~ amounts of A. vera given topically will inhibit inflammation induced
by a moderate amount of irritant. In general, the decolorized Aloe was more
effective than the colorized Aloe (with anthraquinone). A 47.1% inhibition
of inflammation was obtained by 5% decolorized irradiated Aloe. These
results may be used as a base~~ne to assess the biologic activity of A.
vera .in the treatment of inrlammation by podiatric physicians.
Tags: Animal; Female
Descriptors: *Aloe; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents--Therapeutic Use--TU;
 October 22, 1991 .10:22am Page 8

*Plants, Medicinal; Administration, Topical; Aloe--Radiation Effects--RE;

Croton Oil; Evaluation Studies; Inflammation--Chemically Induced--CI;
Inflammation--Drug Therapy--DT; Mice;' Mice, Inbred ICR; Plant Extracts
--Therapeutic Use--TU; Plants, Medicinal--Radiation Effects--RE
CAS Registry Noo: 8001-28-3 (Croton Oil)

18/5/15 (Item 15 from f~le: 155)

07130909 90037909
The role of topical agents in the healing of full-thickness wounds.
Watcher MA; Wheeland .RG
Department of Dermatology, University of California, Sacramento 95816.
J Dermatol Surg Oncol Nov 1989, 15 (11) pl188-95, ISSN 0148-0812
~ournal Code: liZA
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9002
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Eight topical agents in current use were studied for their effects on
wound contraction and rate of reepithelialization of full-thickness
excisions using a porcine animal modelo The following agents were applied
daily for a period of 27 days: scarlet red ointment, benzoyl peroxide
lotion, bacitracin ointment, silver sulfadiazine cream, aloe vera gel,
tret.inoin cream, capsaicin cream, and mup.irocin ointment. The rate of
reepithelialization was significantly enhanced by treatment with capsaicin,
bacitracin, silver sulfadiazine, and scarlet red, and was markedly retarded
by treatment with tretinoin. Wound contraction was significantly retarded
by mupiroc·in., bacitracin, and silver sulfadizine. Knowledge of the effects
of topical agents on various aspects of healing allows the clinician to
choose the most appropriatematerial to use in a given clinical situation
to optimize the healing process and produce the best final resulto
Tags: Animal
Descr iptors: *Derm.atologic Agents--Pharmacology--PD; *Wound Healing--Drug
Effects--DE; Administration, Topical; Aloe; Antibiotics--Pharmacology--PD;
Azo Compounds--Pharmacokinetics--PK; Bacitracin--Pharmacokinetics--PK;
Benzoyl Peroxide--Pharmacokinetics--PK; Capsaicin--Pharmacology--PD;
Cellulose--Pharmacokinetics--PK; Dermatologic Agents --Administration and
Dosage--AD; Fatty Acids--Pharmacology--.PD; Glycerin--Pharmacokinetics--PK;
Phosphates--Pharmacokinetics--PK; Plant Extracts--Pharmacokinetics--PK;
Propaned.iols--Pharmacokinet ics--PK; Si 1 ver Sulfadiazine--Pharmacokinet i cs
--?K; Skin--Pathology--PA; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Tretinoin
--Pharmacokinetics--PK
CAS Registry No.: O (K-Y jelly); 12650-69-0 (pseudomonic acid);
:405-87-4 (Bacitracin); 22199-08-2 (Silver Sulfadiazine); 302-79-4
(Tretinoin); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 56-81-5 (Glycerin); 85-83-6
(Scarlet Red); 9004-34-6 (Cellulose); 94-36-0 (Benzayl Peroxide)

18/5/16 ~ (Item 16 from file: 155)

07036133 89340133
Epiáemiolagic survey on lung cancer with respect to cigarette smoking and
plant dieto
Sakai R
Department of Epidemiology, Schoal of Health Sciences, Ryukyu University,
Okinawao
~pn J Cancer Res Jun 1989, 80 (6) p513-20, ISSN 0910-5050
Jaurnal Code: HBA
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8911

3YJ
 October 22, 1991 10:23am Page 9

Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS

This case-control study of lung cancer was based on a cross-sectional
questionnaire survey of inpatie.nts at 5 general hospi tals in Okinawa,
Japan, from 1982 to 1987. The purpose of the study was to clarify the
relations of lung cancer to cigarette smoking and plant dieto Ingestion
frequencies of 17 major dietary plants andjor herbs were obtained by means
oi a questionnaire interview. As eligible subjects for a case-control
analysis, there were 673 respondents aged over 30 years with clear smoking
history# age# sex and diagnosis. Psychiatric patients were excluded. Odas
ratios of newly diagnosed lung cancer were calculated by the
Mantel-Eaenszel procedure. A pair cons.isted of a case and two controls
which were selected randomly by using multivariate calipe.r matching.
Sixty-four pairs matched for age (+j- 5) and sex showed a significantly
high odds ratio of 2.9 (P less than 0.0005). However, three male groups who
were categorized by the number of cigarettes smoked did not exhibit
dose-dependency of lung cancer on smoking. Lung cancer was more prevalent
in ex-smokers than in current smokers. Case-control analyses by male
generations revealed that lung cancer incidence was age-dependent, and
there was a clear dose-response relationship betwee.n smoking and lung
cancer in males in their sixties. A case-control analysis of each of 17
edible plants based on 44 pairs who we.re matched .for age (+j- 5) # sex and
smoK~ng history demonstrated that the odds ratio of aloe (Aloe arborescens
MilI varo natalensis Berger) was 0.5 (P less than 0.1), suggesting that the
aloe may prevent human carcinogenesis at various sites.
Tags: Female; Human; Male; Suppo.rt, Non-U. S. Gov I t
Descriptors: *Diet; *Health Surveys; *Lung Neoplasms--Epidemiology--EP;
*Plants# Edible; *Smoking--Adverse .Effects--AE; Adul t; Aged; Japan; Lung
Neoplasms--Etiology--ET; Middle Age; Questionnaires; Risk Factors;
Statistics

~8j5j17 (Item 17 from file: 155)

06956381 89.258381
Aloe vera and gibberellin. Anti-inflammatory activity in diabetes.
Davis RE; Maro NP
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc Jan 1989, 79 (1) p24-6, ISSN 8750-7315
Journal Code: JPA
~anguages: ENG~ISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8909
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Aloe vera inhibits inflammation and adjuvant-induced arthritis. The
authors l laboratory has shown that A. vera improves wound healing, which
suggests that it does not act like an adrenal steroid. Diabetic animals
were used in th~s study because of their poor wound healing and
anti-inflammatory capabilities. The anti-inflammatory activity of A. vera
and gibberellin was measured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by
measuring the inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into a
site of gelatin-induced inflammation over adose range of 2 to 100 rng/kg.
Both Aloe and gibberellin similarly inhibited inf lammat ion in a
dose-response manner. These data tend to suggest that gibberellin or a
gibberellin-like substance is an active anti-inflarnrnatory component in A.
vera.
Tags: Animal; Comparative Study; Male
Descriptors: *Aloe; *Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental--Physiopathology--PP
*Gibberellins--Pharmacology--PD; *Inflammation--Pathology--PA; *Plants,
Medicinal; *Wound Healing--Drug Effects--DE; Dose-Response Relationship,
Drug; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neutrophils--Drug Effects--DE
 October 22~ 1991 .10:24am page 10

CAS Registry No.: 77-06-5 (gibberellic acid)

18/5/18 (Item 18 from file: 155)

06947527 89249527
Effect of water extracts of aloe and sorne herbs in decreasing blood
ethanol concentration in rats. Ir.
Sakai K; Saitoh Y; Ikawa C; Nishihata T
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) Jan 1989, 37 (1) p155-9, ISSN 0009-2363
Journal Code: CZP
Languages: ENGLISH
JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8909
Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS
Oral adrninistration of ethanol to rats at adose of 3 g/kg decreased
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and metabolism of lactate to pyruvate
in the liver. The effects of water extracts of Aloe and sorne other herbs on
blood ethanol concentration and on ADH activity in liver cytosol were
examined. The water extracts of these herbs caused a faster elirnination of
ethanol from blood oi normal rats when administered orally 30 min before
oral administration of ethanol. The rapid elimination of ethanol seems to
be due to a protection of ADH activity and the supply of nicotinamide
áinucleotide, both of which are reduced by high ethanol concentration. The
effects of ethanol in decreasing the enzyme activi ties ,relating to i ts own
metabolism occur when high concentrations of ethanol pass through the
~~ver~ ano thus rnay primarily appear during the absorption of alcohol from
the gastrointestinal tract, when portal concentration of ethanol are very
high.
Tags: Animal; In Vitro; Male
Descriptors: *Alcohol, Ethyl--Blood--BL; *Aloe--Analysis--AN; *Herbs
--Analysis--AN; *Plant Extracts--Pharmacology--?D; *?lants, Medicinal
--Ana~ysis--AN; Alcohol, Ethyl--Metabolism--ME; Liver--Drug Effects--DE;
Liver--Metabolism--ME; Rats; Rats~ Inbred Strains
CAS Registry No.: 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl)
? T S18/7/19-34

~8/7/19 (Item 1 from file: 55)

8615187 BIOSIS Number: 92080187
ANTIFERTILITY HERBALS USED BY THE TRIBALS IN ANAIKKATTY EILLS COIMBATORE
DISTRICT TAMIL NADU INDIA
LAKSHMANAN K K; NARYANAN A S S
DEP. BOTANY, BHARATHIAR UNIV., COIMBATORE-641 046.
~ ECON TAXON BOT 14 (1). 1990. 171-173. CODEN: JETBD
Full Journal Title: Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany
Language: ENGLISH
An ethanobotanical study was conducted arnong the Hlrulars the tribal of
Tl
,

Ana.ikkatty hills~ northwest of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, to collect

information on the drugs for birth control and their plant-use practices.
The data was collected at three different levels-Prevention of pregnancy
contraceptive methods and abortion. The data including binornials, names in
Sanskrit, Tamil and Hindi and uses have provided 'for 16 plant species.
Ficus benghalensis L., Embelia ribes Burm., Cissampelos pariera L., Butea
frondosa Koen., Piper betle L., Piper nigrum L., Ocimum.sanctum ,L., and
Thespesia oooulnea Corro are plants used in prevention of pregnancy,
descr~oed with the parts used, methods of preparation and administration.
The gum froID Acacia arabica Willd. and oi1 froro Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
are cons~aered to be contraceptive. For abortion, Tamarindus indica L.,
Capsicum annum L., Aloe vera L., Plumbago zeylanica L., Amaranthus spinosus

j '1- r
 October 22, 1991 10:25am page 11

L.# and Carica papaya L., are employed.

18/7/20 (Item 2 from file: 55)

8613215 BIOSIS Number: 92078215
DECREASED MORTALITY OF NORMAN MURINE SARCOMA IN MICE TREATED WITH THE
IMMUNOMODULATOR ACEMANNAN
PENG S Y; NORMAN J; CURTIN G; CORRIER D; MCDANIEL H R; BUSBEE D
TEXAS VETERINARY MED. CENT., COLL. VETERINARY MED., TEXAS A AND M
UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS 77843.
MOL B.IOTHER 3 (2). .1991.. 79-87 . CODEN: MOLBE
Language: ENGLISH
An extract from the parenchyma of Aloe barbadensis Miller shown to
contain long cnain polydispersed .beta. (1,4)-linked mannan polymers with
random O-acetyl groups (acemannon, Carrisyn) was found to initiate the
phagocyte production oi .monokines that supported antibody dependent
cellular cytotoxicity and stimulated blastogenesis in thymocytes.
Acemannan, in both enriched and highly purified for.ms, was administered
intraperitoneally to female CFW mice into which murine sarcoma cells had
been subcutaneous.ly implanted. The rapidly growing, highly malignant and
invasive sarcoma grew in 100% of implanted control animals, resulting in
mortali ty in 20 to 46 days, dependent on the number o.f cells implanted.
Approximately 40% of animals treated with acemannan at the time of tumor
cell implantation (1.5 .times. 106 cells) survived. Tumors in
acemannon-treated animals exhibited vascular congestion, edema,
polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration# and central necrosing foci with
hemorrahge and periphral fibrosis. The data indicate that in vivo treatment
of peritoneal macorphages stimulates the macrophage production of
monOKlnes, incluaing interleukin-l and tumor necrosis factor. The data
further .indicate that sarcomas in animals treated i.p. with acemannan at
the time of tumor cell implantation were infiltrated by immune system
ce~~s# became necrotic, and regressed. The combined data suggest that
acemannan-stimulated synthesis of monokines resulted in the initiation of
immune attack, necrosis, and regression of implanted sarcomas in m.ice.

18/7/21 (Item 3 from file: 55)

8201146 BIOSIS Number: 91122146
IDENTIFICATION OF SOME PROSTANOIDS IN ALOE-VERA EXTRACTS
AFZAL M; ALI M; HASSAN R A H; SWEEDAN N; DHAMI M S 1
DEP. BIOCHEM., FAC. SCl., UNIV. KUWAlT, P.O. BOX 5969, SAFAT-13060,
KUWAIT.
PLANTA MED 57 (1). 1991. 38-40. CODEN: PLMEA
FuIl Journal TitIe: Planta Medica
Language: ENGLlSH
Screening of extracts froro Aloe vera revealed the presence of endogenous
arachidonic acia, a potential precursor for the prostanoids synthesis. The
presence of endogenous cyclooxygenase, in the plant extracts, was
established by radiometric assay. Relatively high proportions of PGE2 and
7XB2 and low proportions of other prostaglandins were identified in the
plant extract when incubated with [14C]-arachidonic acid. Other lipids
present in this plant were examined ano a n~gn percentage of
pnosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was established. Possible importance of
prostaglandins formeá endogenously by the plant is discussed.

:8/7/22 (Item 4 from file: 55)

8198923 3IOSIS Number: 91119923
ISOLATION OF A HUMAN .INTEST~NAL BACTERIUM CAPABLE OF TRANSFORMING
 October 22, 1991 10:26am page 12

BARBALOIN TO ALOE-EMODIN ANTHRON.E

CHE Q-M; AKAO T; HATTORI M; KOBASHI K; NAMBA T
RES. .I.NST. WAKAN-YAKU
I TOYAMA MED. AND PHARMAC.EUTIGAL UNIV., 2630
SUGITANI, TOYAMA 930-01, JAPAN.
PLANTA MED 57 (1). 1991. 15-19. CODEN: PLMEA
Full Journal Title: Planta Medica
Language: ENGL.IS.H
A strictly anaerobic bacterium, Eubacterium sp. BAR, was isolated froro
human feces as one of the intestinal bacteria capable of metabolizing
oarbaloin. The bacterium grew in PYF broth containing barbaloin and
converted barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone. On the other hand, the
bacterium had little metabolic activity in GAM broth.

18/7/23 (Item 5 from file; 55)

8098749 BIOSIS Number: 91019749
RANDOM.IZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF CASSIA-ALATA .LINN. FOR CONSTlPATION
THAMLIKITKUL V; BUNYAPRAPHATSARA N; DECHATIWONGSE T; THEERAPONG S;
CHANTRAKUL C; THANAVEERASUWAN T; NIMITNON S; BOONROJ P; PUNKRUT W; ET AL
FACULTY MEDICINE, SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY, BANGKOK 10700,
':CHAlLAND.
J MED ASSOC THAIL 73 (4). 1990. 217-222. CODEN: JMTHB
Full Journal Ti tle: Journal of the Medica.l Association of Thailand
Language: ENGLISH
Cassia alata Linn. is a medicinal planto Its leaves have been claimed to
be effective as a laxative. The studies dose so far have shown no toxicity
as a result of consuming Cassia alata Linn. leaves. The plant has been
found to contain anthraquinones, presumed to be the active ingredient
causing the laxative effect. The objective of the study was to test
efficacy of Cassia alata Linn. leaves for treatment of constipation
compared w~~n a placebo and misto alba in a multicenter randomized
controlled tria} carried out in one provinc.ial and 5 community hospitals.
Eighty adult patients admitted to 5 community hospitals and one provincial
hospital with at least 72 hours of constipation were included in the study.
Twenty-eight patients were in the placebo group, 28 in the mist, alba
group, and 24 in Cassia alata Linn. group. Each patient was g.i ven 120 ml of
fluid with caramel color, misto alba, or Cassia alata Linn. infusion at bed
time. Evaluation was performed after 24 hours whether the patient defecated
or noto The characteristics of the patients among the three groups were not
different. Eighteen per cent of patients in the placebo group passed stools
within 24 hours, whereas, 86 and 83 per cent of patients in misto alba and
Cassia alata Linn. groups respectively passed stools. The differences
observed between placebo and, misto alba, placebo and Cassia Linn. were
statistically highly significant, P les s than 0.001 and clinically
important. Minimal self-limited Sloe effects, i.e., nausea, dyspepsia,
aooominal pain ano oiarrhea were noted in 16-25 per cent of the patients.
The figures were not different among the three groups. The patients seemed
to accept Cassia alata Linn. treatment more than the placebo. It is
concluded that Cassia alata Linn. can be used safely and effectively as a
laxative.

:18/7/24 (Item 6 from fi~e: 55)

7881560 B:OS1S Number: 40082560
DETEC7ION OF ANTERANOIDS FROM GANNA GANNA CASSIA SPECIES
JOHN K; KILIAN H D; KRAUS L
INS7. ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK, ABT. PHARM., UNIV. HAMBURG, BUNDESSTR. 43,
D-2000 HAMBURG 13, GERMANY.

3 C/-7
 October 22, 1991 10:27am Page 13

MEET.ING ON BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF ACTIVE NATURAL SUBSTANCES HELD AT TEE

INTERNATIONAL JOINT SYMPOSIUM OF THE SOCIETY FOR MEDICINAL PLANT RESEARCH,
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOGNOSY, ASSOC.IATION FRANCAISE POUR
LtENSEIGNEMENT ET LA RECHERCHE EN PHARMACOGNOSIE (FRENCH ASSOCIATION FOR
EDUCATION AND RES.EARCH IN PHARMACOGNOSY), A~D T.HE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF
EUROPE, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 17-22, 1990. PLANTA MED 56 (6). 1990. 562.
CODEN: PLMEA
Language: ENGLISH

18/7/25 (Item 7 from file: 55)

7671674 BIOSIS Number: 90039674
MEIOTIC CROSSING-OVER BETWEEN SITES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CENTROMERES
OF HOMOLOGUES IS FREQUENT IN HYBRID ALOEACEAE
BRANDHAM P E
JODRELL LABORATORY, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW, RICHMOND, SURREY TW9 3DS,
UK.
GENOME 33 (2). 1990. 170-176. CODEN: GENOE
Full Journal Title: Genome
Language: ENGLISH
During meiosis, long and short arms of acrocentric homoeologues pair and
cross over in the centromere region in 95 (66.9%) of 142 hybrids o~
differing parentage in the monocotyledon family Aloeaceae. A characteristic
configuration~ the L-S bridge, is produced at anaphase I with frequencies
ranging from <1 to 48% of pollen mother cells and in up to three bivalents
per pollen .mother cell. Toofrequent to be due to inversion hybridity, L-S
crossing-over most prooaD~y results from straight, noninverted pairing
between nonhomo.logous proximal segments of the long and short chromosome
arms following centromere mismatching in the heteromorphic bivalents. It is
suggested that there are several lengths of DNA in different regions of
homoeologous chromosomes, but perhaps concentrated around the centromere,
that are sufficiently similar to recognize each other, pair, and cross over
when brought together in a heteromorphic bivalent with mismatching of
centromeres.

18/7/26 (Item 8 from file: 55)

7526478 BIOSIS Number: 39039085
TREATMENT FOR CRRONIC BRONCHITIS WITH VARIOUS IMMUNOCORRECTIVE DRUGS
BERBENTSOVA E P; MARCHUK G I
TEE USSR ACAD. OF SCI., MOSCOW, USSR.
WORLD CONFERENCE ON LUNG HEALTH, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, USA, MAY 20-24,
:990. AM REV RESPIR DIS 141 (4 PART 2). 1990. A681. CODEN: ARDSB
~anguage: ENGLISH

:8/7/27 (Item 9 froro file: 55)

747913.2 3IOS1S Number: 89130151
EFFECT OF ALCES ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN NORMAL AND ALLOXAN DIABETIC
M:LCE
ALI AJABNOOR M
DEP. CLIN. BIOCHEM., COLL. MED. ALLIED ser., KING ABDULAZIZ UNIV., P.O.
BOX NO. 9029, JEDAR 21413, SAUDI ARABIA.
J ETHNOPHARMACOL 28 (2). 1990. 215-220. CODEN: JOETD
Ful.l Journa.:i. Ti tle: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Language: ENGLISH
The acute and chronic effects of the exudate of Aloe barbadensis leaves
and its bitter principle were studied on plasma glucose levels of
alloxan-diabetic mice. Aloes was administered orally, 500 mg/kg, and the
 October 22, 1991 10:27am Page 14

bitter principIe was administered intraperitoneally, 5 mgjkg. The

hypoglycemic effect of a single oral dose of aloes on serum glucose level
was insignificant whereas that of the bitter principIe was very highly
significant and extended over a period of 24 .h with max.imum hypoglycemia
observed at + 8 h. In chronic studies, aloes was administered twice daily
and the bitter principIe was· administered once a day for 4 days. The
maximum reduction in plasma glucose level was observed at the 5th day in
both cases. The hypog.lycemic effect of aloes and its bitter principIe may
be mediated through stimulating synthesis and/or release of i.nsulin from
the .beta.-cells of Langerhans.

18/7/28 (Item 10 from file: 55)

7423394 .BIOSIS Number: 89074413
AN ANTI-COMPLEMENTARY POLYSACCHARIDE WITH IMMUNOLOGICAL ADJUVANT ACTIVITY
FROM THE LEAF .PARENCHYMA GEL OF ALOE-VERA
'T HART L A; VAN DEN BERG A J J; KUIS L; VAN DIJK H; LABADIE R P
DEP. PRARMACOGNOSY, FAC. PHARMACY, STATE UNIV. UTRECHT, CATHARIJNESINGEL
60, 3511 GH UTRECHT, NETH.
PLANTA MED 55 (6). 1989. 509-512. CODEN; PLMEA
Full Journal Title: Planta Medica
Language: ENGLISH
The aim of the study is to develop new substances with immunomodulatory
activity. To this end, extracts from pIants used in traditional medicine
are used as starting material. This st~dy deals with the mucilagenous
leaf-gel of Aloe vera which is well reputed for its therapeutical effect on
inflammatory-based disorders. The purification of an aqueous gel-extract
guided by inhibition of complement activity in HPS is described. Using
anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography a highly active
polysaccharide fraction was isolated' that is present in the gel in various
chain lengths. The polysaccharides consist of several monosaccharides of
which mannose is do.minant. Theinhibi tion is based on al ternative pathway
activation, resulting in consumption of C3. With respect to their
biological activity the polysaccharides inhibit the opsonization of zymosan
in HPS and display adjuvant activity on specific antibody production and
the induction of delayed type hypersensitivity in mice.

18/7/29 (Item 11 from file: 55)

7289143 BIOSIS Number: 38069664
THE IDENTIFICATION OF ANTHRAQUINONE AND FLAVONOID DRUGS WITH TWO
DIMENSIONAL THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY US.ING THE TLC-REACTION BOX PROCESS
HEISIG W; WICHTL M
INST. PHARM. BIOL., PHILIPPS-UNIV. MARBURG, D-3550 MARBURG, FRG.
37TH ANNUAL CONG.RESS ON MEDICINAL PLANT RESEARCH, BRAUNSGHWEIG WEST
1

GERMANY, SEPTEMBER 5-9, 1989. PLANTA MED 55 (7). 1989. 614-615. CODEN:
PLMEA
Language: ENGLISH

18/7/30 (Item 12 Írom file: 55)

7125199 BIOSIS Number: 88047944
LACK OF ANTIGEN.ICITY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN IN SILVER CARP
2YPOPHTHALMICHTHYS-MOLITRIX AND GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS
VAN DER KRAAK G; PANKHURST N W; LIN H R
DEP. ZOOL., UNIV. GUELPH, GUELPH, ONT. N1G 2W1, CAN.
AQUACULTURE 78 (1). 1989. 81-86. CODEN: AQCLA
Full Journal Title: Aquaculture
Language: ENGL.ISH

3f-7
 October 22, 1991 10:28am Page 15

It has been suggested that the repeated use oi human cho.rionic

gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation in fish results in the production of
antibodies to hCG. These~.in turn, maymake the fish insensitive to hCG~
For the present studies, we determined the antigenicity of hCG using serum
samples collected from silver carp and goldfish that had been treated with
hCG. The detection of antibodies tO'hCG was based on the capacity of the
diluted serum to bind picogram quantities of 125I-labelled hCG. No
antibodies to hCG were detected in naive S~iver carp or Sliver carp
broodstock which had received multiple injections of hCG over several years
in arder to lnQUCe ovulation. Furthermore, no antibodies to hCG were
detected in goldfish that had received multiple injections of hCG~ either
given aloe or in combination with Freundls complete adjuvant. It appears
that hCG may be less antigenic in fish than is commonly suggested~ and that
factors other than hCG antibodies contribute to ovarian refractoriness in
broodstock induced to ovulate repeatedly w.ith hCG.

18/7/31 (Item 13 froro file: 55)

6896127 BIOSIS Number: 37090506
SKIN THERAPEUTIC MIXTURE CONTAINING ALOE VERA EXTRACT US PATENT-4857328.
AUGUST 15 1989
TRENZELUK T
MANVILLE, N.J., USA.
Patent Assignee: TECMA LABORATORIES, INC.
OFF GAZ U S PAT TRADEMARK OFF PAT 1105 .(3). 1989. 1792 .. CODEN: OGUPE
Full Journal Title: Official Gazette of the United States Patent and
Trademark Office Patents
~anguage: ENGLISH

18/7/32 (Item 14 from file: 55)

6886036 BIOSIS Number: 37080415
PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF ALOE PRODUCTS US PATENT-4851224. JULY 25 1989
MCANALLEY B H
GRAND PRAIRIE, TEX., USA.
?atent Assignee: CARRINGTON LABORATORIES, INC.
OFF GAZ U S PAT TRADEIV'lARK OFF PA": 1.104 (4). 1989. 2639. CODEN: OGUPE
Full Journal Title: Official Gazette of the United States Patent and
Trademark Off ice Patents
Language: ENGLISH

18/7/33 (Item 15 from file: 55)

6877005 BIOSIS Number: 37071384
INACTIVATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS BY ANTHRAQUINONES ISOLATED FROM
PLANTS
SYDISKIS R J; OWEN D G; LOHR J T; ROSLER K H; BLOMSTER R N
UNIV. MARYLAND DENT. PHARM. SCR., BALTIMORE, MD. USA.
67TH GENERAL SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL RESEARCH
(IADR), 6TH MEETING OF THE IADR IRISH DIVISION, 72ND ANNUAL MEET.ING OF TH.E
SCANDINAVIAN ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL RESEARCH AND THE 26TH ANNUAL MEETING OF
THE CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN DIVISION OF THE IADR, DUBLIN, IRELAND, JUNE
28-JULY 1, 1989. J DENT RES 68 (SPEC. ISSUE JUNE). 1989. 935. CODEN:
JDREA
Language: ENGLISH

18/7/34 (Item 16 from file: 55)

6737320 BIOSIS Number: 36067841
METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR TREAT.ING RYPOGLYCEMIA USI.NG ALOE
 Detober 22, 1991 10:29am page 16

PDLYSACCHARIDES US PATENT-4801582. JANUARY 31 1989

HIKINO H; RAYASHI T
SENDAI" JAPAN.
Patent Assignee: TOYO YAKUSHOKU KOGYO CO., LTD.
OFF GAZ U S PAT TRADEMARK OFF PAT 1098 (5). 1989. 2443. CODEN: OGUPE
Full Journal Title: Offieial Gazette of the United States Patent and
Trademark Offiee Patents
Language: ENGLISH

jS/
 October 24, 1989 4:40pm Page 1

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** File 51 has been reloaded. **
File 79:FOODS ADLIBRA - 74-89/AUG

~/7/1 (Itero 1 froro file: 51)

00328682 86-12-10031 SUBFILE: FSTA
Aloevera - a new flocculant substitute.
(In 'Proceedings of the Forty Eighth Annual Cohvention' (see FSTA (1986)
18 12L3).)
Thangamuthu, P.; Krishnamohan, N. R.
Vellore Co-operative Sugar Mills Ltd., Vellore Sugar Miils,' North Arcot,
Tamil Nadu, India
1984 ,M95-MI03
NOTE: 9 ref.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Lecture
LANGUAGE: English
An extract froro the aloe plant (Aloe vera) was used in the laboratory for
clarification of cane sugar juice. The extract resulted in better
flocculation and faster settling than eould be obtained with Magnofloe LT
27. Thus, aloe plant extract can replace imported polyelectrolytes with
advantage. (CFTRI)

1/7/2 '(Item 1 froID file: 79)

89130358
Beverage Indus~ry ,80(5) May 1989, p 30 CODEN: BEVIAY
Doc Type: JOGRNA~
Soft drink: Aloe Vera Soda Company Inc has introdueed Aloaide. Being
advertised as a heal~h soft ar~nK, it i5 described as an all-natural
eombination of the Aloe Vera plant, with essential vitamins and minerals
and lightly carbonated water.

1/7/3 (Itero 2 froro file: 79)

0225947 86230296
Food Processing Newsletter , 8(40) Oetober 06, 1986, P 4 CODEN: XXX195
Doc Type: JOURNAL
Soft Drinks: Twist Soda Co1s new aloe vera flavored 50ft drink is noted.

1/7/4 (Item 3 from file: 79)

0224073 86210313
Beverage Industry , 77(10) September 1986, p 107 CODEN: BEVIAY
Doc Type: JOURNAL
Soft Drinks: The T~list Soda Ca (New York) has a new twist: Aloe Vera
flavored soft drink called Nelson's Twist. Hurty-Peck supplies the
flavoring.

1/7/5 (Item 4 from file: 79)

0209704 86021410
Heaith Foods Retailing , 50(2) February 1986, P 30 CODEN: EFREDA
Doc Type: JOURNAL
Aloe vera: Natural High Products (Atlanta, GA) has Aloe Vera Juice with
Ginseng & Herbs, a health arink that provides, aloe vera, ginseng,
chamomile, comfrey and chaparral.
 Oetober 24, 1989 4:40pm Page 2

1/7/6 (Item 5 from file: 79)

0201012 85084703
Prepared Fooas , 154(9) August 1985, P 99 CODEN: PPFOD2
Doe Type: JOURNAL
Aloe vera: Hydroponieally grown, light, 100% natural aloe vera Ju~ee from
Rio Grande (Fargo, ND) is available in "quarts and half gallons. (full text)

1/7/7 (Item 6 from file: 79)

0193093 85026508
Damaged fish tissue treating method and eomposition containing Aloe vera
extraet (topically administering to the fish an aloe vera extraet which may
be either the líguia or gel fraction)
United States Patent, February 19, 1985, CODEN: USXXA~
Doc Type: PATENT
Patent No.: 4500510
Assignee Name: AQUARIUM PHARMACUETICALS INC

1/7/8 (Item 7 from file: 79)

0189231 84100306
Health Foaas Retailing , December 1984, p 38 CODEN: HFREDA
Doc Type: JOURNAL
Antacids: Nutritionai Factors offers Acidaid, an all natural antacid
containing aloe vera.

1/7/9 (Item 8 fram file: 79)

0182481 84037506
Controlled temnerature process for manufacture of improveá stabilized
aloe vera.
United States Patent, May 01, 1984, CODEN: USXXAM
Doc Type: PATENT
Patent No.: 4446131
Assignee Name: ALOE VERA OF AMERICA INC

JS3
 October 24, 1989 4:34pm Page 1

File 357:BIOTECHNOLOGY ABSTRACTS 1982-1989/0ct

(COPR. 1989 DERWENT ?UB. LTD.)

File 358:CURRENT BIOTECHNOLOGY ABS 1983-89/0ct

(COPR. 1989 ROYAL SOC CHEM)

File 305:ANALYTICAL ABSTRACTS ONLINE 1980-89/0CT

(Copr. 1989 Royal Soc Chem)

1/7/1 (Item 1 from file: 357)

078123 DBA Accession No.: 88-08972
In vitro culture of Aloe barbadensis MilI.: morphogenetic ability and
nuclear DNA content - during meristem culture and callus culture
AUTHOR: Sanchez 1 C; Natali L; +Cavallini A
CORPORATE SOURCE: Departmento di Biologi a delle Piante Agrarie, Sezione di
Genetica, Vía Matteotti 1/B, 1-56100 Pisa, Italy.
JOURNAL: Plant Sci. (55, 1, 53-59) CODEN: 7615B
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1988 LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: A DNA microdensitometric study was performed on different organs
of Aloe barbadensis and during in vitro culture of different explants.
Sterilized leaves (20 cm) and apical meristem tips were placed in
initiating Murashige and Skoog (MS) m~dium, with (mg/l): 2,4-D, 0.25;
and kinetin, 1; supplemented with p-aminobenzoic acid, 0.1; tyrosine,
100; at pE 5.7. Incubation was at 27 deg (constant light). After 30-45
days leaf explants and meristem tips were transferred to MS medium with
0.025 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l benzyladenine. Only 5% of leaf base
explants formed callus and plant regeneration was seldom achieved.
Meristem cultures produced normal shoots without callus induction, and
100% rooting of both regenerated and propagated shoots was achieved
after an 8 day culture on hormone-free MS medium. Morphogene~ic ability
was correlaLed to nucJear DNA content in the explant or callus.
Micropropagation was obtained only from calli (or explants) in which
the amount of DNA per nucleus fell within the diploid limits (2C and
4C) of the species. (28 ref)

1/7/2 (Item 2 from file: 357)

062678 DBA Accession No.: 87-07026
Quick propagation of aloin-yielding plants through tissue culture - Aloe
vera propagation, barbaloin, isobarbaloin, aloe-emodin production
(conference paper)
AUTHOR: Sarkar A; Roy S C
CORPORATE SOURCE: Centre of Advanced Study for Cell and Chromosome
Research, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Calcuta 700
019, India. (101-08) CODEN: 9999Y
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1984 LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The use of tissue culture techniques for the propagation of Aloe
vera chinesis has been reported. Calli were induced from underground
rhizomatous stems on modified Linsmaier and Skoog medium supplemented
with 1% polyvinylpyrrolidine as an antiphenolic agent ~nd plant growth
regulators. The best callus formation was achieved with 0.2 mg/l
naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 rng/l benzyladenine. Initial calli were
soft and green with very poor growth but atter subculturing without
antiphenolics and additives, vigorous growth was achieved. Shoot
regeneration was achieved on medium with 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l
 -\
October 24, 1989 4:34pm page 2

kinetin. Shoots were transferred to haIf strength Murashige and Skoog

medium for rooting on which many new plantlets developed from the base
of the mother plants. From each mother plant, 5-10 regenerated plants
could be recovered. The technique will be of use for the production oi
the glucoside component, comprising mainly barbaloin, but also
isobarbaloin, aloe-emodin, resins etc. (12 ref)

1/7/3 (Item 3 from file: 357)

057629 DBA Accession No.: 67-01977 PATENT
Mast cell degranulation inhibitor - extracted from Aloe
PATENT ASS1GNEE: Agency-1nd.Sci.
PATENT NUMBER: JP 61233627 (Kokai) PATENT DATE: 861017
WPI ACCESSION NO.: 86-315436 (8648)
PRIORITY APPL1C. NO.: JP 8576176 APPLIC. DATE: 850410
NATIONAL APPLIC. NO.: JP 8576176 APPLIC. DATE: 850410
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1986 LANGUAGE: Japanese
ABSTRACT: An inhibitor for mast cell granulation (1) can be obtained by
extracting the sap or leaves of Aloe. (1) Is of use in the prevention
of allergic or inflammatory reactions. Suitable Aloe spp. include Aloe
arborescens Miller, Aloe africana Miller, Aloe ferox Miller, Aloe
saponaria Haw., Aloe vera Linne, etc. The leaves are cut into pieces
and after drying they are powdered. Official drug Aloe or powdered
Aloe, and the condensed sap of Aloe may al so be used. Suitable solvents
include methanol, ethanol, dimethylamido etc., aq. organic solvents or
water-insoluble organic solvents e.g. butanol, acetone etc. When a
water-~oluble organic solvent or aq. organic solvent is used, the
extracted so~ution is condensed and the solidified extract is dissolved
to obtain tne water soluble fraction (I). When a water-insoluble
organic solvent is used, the extracted solution is condensed and water
is added to obtain the water-soluble fraction. (5pp)

1/7/4 (Item 4 troro file: 357)

052065 DBA Accesslon No.: 86-09913 PATENT
Method of treating hypoglycemia using aloe polysaccharides - hypoglycemic
purification
PATENT ASSIGNEE: Toyo-Yakushoku-Ind.
PATENT NUMBER: US 4598069 PATENT DATE: 860701 WPI ACCESSION NO.:
85-307667 (8549)
PRIORITY APPLIC. NO.: JP 8467943 APPLIC. DATE: 840405
NATIONAL APPLIC. NO.: US 718082 APPLIC. DATE: 850401
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1986 LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Diabetes is treated by administration of a hypoglycemic
composition containing a polysaccharide obtained from aloes oi the
family Liliaceae. The aloe may be arborescent aloe (Aloe arborescens),
cape aloe (Aloe ferox, Aloe vera, Aloe africana), nathal aloe (Aloe
barberae, Aloe soccotrina), zanzibar aloe (Aloe perryi), curacau aloe
(Aloe barbadensis), jaffarabad aloe (Aloe vera chinensis, Aloe
striatula), etc. Plant material is defatted with e.g. ethyl ether and
then extracted with water or ag. organic solvent, e.g. methanol or
ethanol. The extract i8 dialyzed or concentrated or subjected to lower
alcohol precipitation to give the hypoglycemic. The hypoglycemic is
composed of polysaccharides. (5pp)

1/7/5 (Item 5 from file: 357)

044437 DBA Accession No.: 86-02285 PATENT
Aloe extract containing blood sugar-depressing agent - hypoglycemic

5SS-
 Oetober 24, 1989 4:35pm Page 3

isolation from Liliaceae Aloe

PATENT ASSIGNEE: Toyo-Yakushoku Alow-Pharm. Koshirachuji-Shoten
PATENT NUMBER: JP 60214741 (Kokai) PATENT DATE: 851028
WPI ACCESSION NO.: 85-307667 (8549)
PRIORITY APPLIC. NO.: 3P 8467943 APPLIC. DATE: 840405
NATIONAL APPLIC. NO.: JP 8467943 APPLIC. DATE: 840405
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1985 LANGUAGE: Japanese
ABSTRACT: A blood sugar-depressing agent (hypoglycemic) contains a
water-soluble polysaeeharide isolated from e.g. Aloe arboreseens, Aloe
ferox, Aloe vera, Aloe africana, Aloe barabeae, Aloe soecotrina, Aloe
perryi, Aloe barbadensis, Aloe vera L. ehinensis, Aloe striatula, etc.
The dried plant is defatted and then extracted with water or an aq.
organie solvent (e.g. methanol, ethanol) optionally under heat.The
resulting extract is concentrated and dialyzed using a cellulose
semipermeable membrane. The dialyzed solution is dried to obtain a
brown powder which contains the polysaccharide. In an example, A. vera
was pUlverized and then extracted in water-methanol (1:1) at RT. The
extract was filte~ed to remove impurities and dialyzed using a
36/32-type cellulose semipermeable membrane for 3 days. The dialyzed
solution was dried to give the polysaeeharide. (4pp)

1/7/6 (Item 6 from file: 357)

042859 DBA Accession No.: 86-00707
A study on the cruae antidiabetic drugs used in Arabian folk mealeine -
from plant extracts e.g. Teuerium oliverianum Hammada salieornica and
Allium eepa (onion)
AUTHOR: Mossa J S
CORPORATE SOURCE: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, P.O.
Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
JOURNAL: Int.J.Crude Drug Res. (23, 3, 137-45) CODEN: 4770J
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1985 LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: A survey of different regions of Saudi Arabia was undertaken to
find the herbs used in diabetes. 12 Such used plants were colleeted ano
identified as Rhazya stricta, Artemisia abyssinica, Momordica
charantia, Loranthus eurviflorus, Allium cepa (onion}, Allium sativum,
Aloe vera, Azadiraehta indica, Coriandrum sativum. Moringa oleifera,
Teucrium oliverianum and Hammada salicornica. The distribution,
chemical constituents and other medicinal uses of these plants was
surveyed. The plants were shade dried pulverized and 25% aq. extracts
were prepared by boiling in distilled water. The hypoglycemic
(antidiabetic) activities of these extracts were studied in albino male
alloxanized mice of 25-30 g. Al cepa, T. oliveronum ano H. salicorniea
had significant activity (more than 25% deerease in blood gluc:;'';(~) ano
extracts of Ar. abyssinica, L. eurviflorus and Az. indica showed
moderate decrease activity (11-24%). Moringa oleifera increased the
blood glucose by 15% in diabetic mice. (27 ref)

1/7/7 (Item 7 trom file: 357)

024892 DBA Accession No.: 84-08167 PATENT
Phagocytosis promoter substance Aa-50 production - extraction =rom Aloe
leaves
?ATENT ASSIGNEE: Marukin-Shoya
?ATENT NUMBER: ~p 59078~21 PATENT DATE: 840504 WPI ACCESSION NO.:
84-149132 (8424)
PRIORITY A?PLIC. NO.: J? 82189624 APPLIC. DATE: 821027
NATIONAL APPLIC. NO.: JP 82189624 APPLIC. DATE: 821027
 October 24, 1989 4:36pm page 4

PUBLICATION YEAR: 1984 LANGUAGE: Japanese

ABSTRACT: Production of a phagocytosis promoting substance Aa-50 from Aloa
leaves is described and comprises dialyzing the juice of aloa leaves
and freeze-drying the dialyzed inner solution. Aloe plants used include
Aloe arboreseens MilI. varo natalensis Berger, Aloe perryi Baker, Aloe
barbadensis Miller, Aloe ferox Miller and their hybridoma with Aloe
afrieans Miller and Aloe spieata Baker. Aa-50, whieh may be used in the
control of infeetious diseases, is composed of polysaeeharides,
proteins and glycoproteins and its physieochemieal properties are
diseussed. An example of the preparation is given in whieh Aloe leaves
growing in the dark at 3-40 deg were crushed and eentrifuged for 10 min
at 10000 r.p.m. The supernatant was freeze-dried, dialyzed against
distilled water in a eellophane tube for 2 days, and then the inner
solution freeze-dried to yield Aa-50. The phagocytosis promating
activity ot Aa-50 was determined using neutraphils. (6pp)

1/7/8 (Item 8 fram file: 357)

021382 DBA Aceessíon No.: 84-04657 PATENT
Preparation oÍ an antitumor substanee fram Aloe - by organic solvent
extraetion ano dialysis or ultrafiltration
PATENT ASSIGNEE: Lion-Carp.
PATENT NUMBER: JP 59013727 PATENT DATE: 840124 WPI ACCESSION NO.:
84-053808 (8409)
PRIORITY AP?LIC. NO.: JP 82121423 APPLIC. DATE: 820713
NATIONAL APPLIC. NO.: 3P 82121423 APPLIC. DATE: 820713
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1984 LANGUAGE: Japanese
ABSTRACT: The preparation or an antitumor substance from Aloe is described,
wherein the Aloe is extracted with a hydrophilie organie solvent or a
mixture of hydrophilie organic solvent and water. The extraet is
subjeeted to a~a~ysis or ultrafiltration. The substanee obtained
eomprises low mol.wt. components of 2,000 or less. The substanee has a
high antitumor effect whieh has been demonstrated in miee. The organie
solvent can be e.g. methanol or acetone, but ethanol is preferred. The
extraetion temperature is 4-25 deg and the extraction period may last
from several hours to several days. The dialysis temperature is
preferably 10-50 deg and the dialysis memorane is cellophane or
parchment naner. Water was added to Aloe vera and after pulverization
and incubation at 4 deg for 1 day, suetion-filtration gave a green
filtrate to wnieh ethanol was aaaea. After 6 hr incubation and
filtration, the filtrate was coneentrated at 60 deg to give a solution
which was dialyzed using Visking eellulose tubing for 1 day. This was
repeated twice to obtain the desired substance. (3pp)

JS7
 October 25, 1989 12:51am Page 1

File 262:Canadian Bus. & Curo Aff. 1982-Aug 1989

(Copr Micromedia Ltd.)
** FILE 262 HAS BEEN RELOADED **
File 621:PTS NPA - 85-8S/0CT WEEK 2
(Copr. 1989 Predicasts)

File 47:MAGAZINE INDEX 1959-MARCH 1970,1973-89/NOV

(COPR. 1989 IAC)

4/7/1 (Item 1 fram file: 262)

»>Format 7 is nat valid in file 262
? t s4/5/all from 262

4/5/1 (Item 1 fram file: 262)

1489486
Alae Vera: the facts
Drug Merchandising v.67(6) June 1986 pg 29
DESCRIPTORS: nerbal medicine; Aloe

4/5/2 (Item 2 tram file: 262)

1222757
Ancient healing plant (aloe vera) makes Olg comeback
Winnipeg Free Press July 3, 1984 pg 30
DESCRIPTORS: Plants; Medicine ano health

4/5/3 (Item 3 fram file: 262)

1221643
Reputed medicinal pawers popularize aloe vera plant
Calgary Herald July 2, 1984 pg B7
DESCRIPTORS: Medicine and health

4/3/36 (Itero 1 fram file: 621)

0224043
News Release
DATELINE: CARLE PLACE, NY April 15, 1989 WORD COUNT: 188

NEW ALRA (R) LOTION SP2CIFICALLY FORMULATED FOR SKI N EXPOSED TO RADIATION
THERAPY

4/3/37 (Item 2 tram file: 621)

0198777
News Release
DATELINE: Irving, TX July 22, 198H WORD COüNT: 17B

ENJOY TH2 SGN WIT30UT BGRNING!!

4/3/38 (Item 3 fraro file: 621)

0197772
?R Nevlswire
DAT2L~NE: N2W YORK, NY August 4, 1988 WORD COUNT: 313

REDWING VEKTURES ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT WITH CARI3BEAN SOL

 ... , October 25, 1989 12:51am Page 2

4/3/39 (Item 4 froro file: 621)

0193080
News Release
DATELINE: SAN ANTONIO, TX July 11, 1988 WORD COUNT: 244

Sani-Fresh (R) Super Duty hand cleanser is now available in 800 ml

containers.

4/3/40 (Itero 5 from file: 621)

0185231
News Release
DATELINE: SAN ANTONIO, TX March 2, 1988 WORD COUNT: 391

Sani-Fresh International, lnc. introduces Sani-Tuff (R) Super Duty with

Grit hana cleanser, a strong ana effective, yet mild, water activated
cleanser for tne ~oughest industrial applications.

4/3/41 (Item 6 from file: 621)

0180135
News Release
DATELlNE: SAN ANTONIO, TX ~ebruary 15, 1988 v¡ORD COUNT: 510

Sani-Fresh In~erna~ional, Inc. will demons~rate the cleaning power oí Super

Duty with Grit hand cleanser, the newest product in the Sani-Tuff
industrial nand ano skin cleaning line, during the 1988 Western Metal and
Tool Exposition and Conference (WESTEC) March 21-24 at the Los Angeles
Convention Center.

4/3/42 (Item 7 from file: 621)

0169648
News Release
DATELINE: San Antonio, TX September 23, 1987 WORD COUNT: 379

Newly fermulated Ultra Kind (TM) Gentle Wasn from the PreCare (R) Medical
Products Group oí Sani-Fresh International, Inc. makes frequent
handwashing by health care personnel and patients safer and gentler to
the skin.

4/3/43 (Item 8 fraro file: 621)

0155960
DATELINE: Buffale, NY April 13, 1987 WORD COUNT: 185

DL INTRODUCES N2W PACKAGING

4/3/44 (Item 9 from file: 621)

0155377
DATELINE: Akron, OE May 21, :L987 v~ORD COUNT: 170

GO-~O (R) ?LUS 3.3 02. ?O~TAB~2 7~32

4/3/45 (¡te~ 10 fTO~ fi~e: 62:;

0131237
DATELINE: Akron, OH January 15, 1985 WORD COUNT: 176

GO-JO PLUS A NEW, PREMIUM HAND CLEANER FROM GO-JO lNDUSTrtIES

JSI
 October 25, 1989 12:51am Page 3

4/3/46 (Item 11 from file: 621)

0121130
DATELINE: Stamford, CT January 13, 1986 WORD COUNT: 240

THE GENTLE SOLUTION FOR EASY EYE MAKE-UP REMOVAL

4/3/47 (Item 12 froro file: 621)

Ol20093
DATELINE: Hempstead, NY February 27, 1986 WORD COUNT: 100

VITAMIN E HAND & BODY LOTION and ALOE HAND & BODY LOTION

4/3/48 (Item 13 from file: 621)

0107555
DATELINE: Akron, Ohia January 15, 1985 WORD COUNT: 191

GO-JO PLUS A NEW, PREMIUM HAND CLEANER FROM GO-JO INDUSTR:S

4/3/49 (Item 14 from file: 621)

102443
DATELINE: Denver, CO February 28, 1985 WORD COUNT: 327

ALIVIO ANNOUNCES NEW FIRST AID & SUNBURN SPRAY

4/3/50 (Item 1 from file: 47)

04645416 DIALOG ?ile 47: MAGAZINE INDEX *Use Format 9 for FULL TEXT*
For winter bloom or year-round drama ... the aloes.
Sunset Magazine v:78 p184(2) Feb, 1987
SOURCE FILZ: MI File 47
AVAILABIL:TY: ~vL~ TEXT Online LINE COUNT: 00058

4/3/51 (Itero 2 from file: 47)

04572506 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
Hair conditioners. (1987 Buying Guide) (evaiuaL~on)
Consumer Re~orts v51 p149(4) Dec, 1986
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47
ARTICLE TYPE: evaluation

4/3/52 (It~m 8 from file: 47)

04459157 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
All-purpose moisturizers. (evaluation)
Consumer rte~orts v51 p733(5) Nov, 1986
SOüRCE ~I:I:2: ~1:I File 4: 7
ARTICLE TYP2: evaluation

4/3/53 (¡tAro 4 from file: 47)

04075949 D~ALOG ?i~e 47: MAGAZIN3 INDZX
Eair condit~oners. (evaluation)
Consumer ReporLs v51 p56(4) Jan, 1986
SOURCR FILE: MI File 47
ARTICLE TYPE: evaluation

4/3/54 (Item 5 from file: 47)

03961035 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INvEX *Use FormaL 9 for FULD TEXT*
~s there a lemon in the house? (there are gooa reasons behind many home
remeaies)
 October 25, 1989 12:52am Page 4

Grassman, Richard
Health v17 p61(6) Oct, 1985
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47
AVAILABIIJITY: FULL TEX~ Online LINE COUNT: 00204

4/3/55 (Item 6 fram file: 47)

03579586 DIALOG F i] e 47: l\1AGAZINE INDEX
Doctor uses aloe vera tor flash burns.
Prevention v31 p8(1) Jan, 1985
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/56 (Item 7 from file: 47)

02574292 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
Treating injuries with aloe vera.
Piper, Chuck; Baxter, Kevin
Runner's World v18 p44(3) Jan, 1983
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/57 (Item 8 from file: 47)

02574093 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
How healthful are "health" products?
Wilentz, Amy
Mademoiselle v89 p59(2) Jan, 1983
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/58 (Itero 9 from file: 47)

02496959 DIALOG Fiie 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
Aloe. . ~he house plant that heals.
Fitch, Charles Mara2n
Flower & Garden Maqazine v26 p34(1} Nov, 1982
SOURCE FIL~: MI ?ile 47

4/3/59 (:tem la traro file: 47)

02362847 DIALOG ?ile 47: MAGAZINE INDZX
Aloe: super sumrner soother.
Harper's Bazaar p60(1) July, 1982
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/60 (Item 11 from file: 47)

02196371 DIA~OG File 47: MAGAZI~E INDEX
Say 'aloe l a~d wave goodbye to paín: since Biblical times, aloe vera nas
been valued as a healer. (juice oi this desert plant can trea~ many
symptoms.l
Kaloclzey, Joay
Prevention v34 p63(4) Feb, 1982
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/61 (Item 12 fraro file: 47)

02126157 DIALOG Fj::ie 47: HAGAZINE INDEX
A runner's guide to discovering tne secrets of the a~ae vera plan~.
Taylor-Donald, Laurie
Runner's World v16 p38(7) Dec 1981
1

SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/62 (ltem 13 fram file: 47)

0?097272 DIALOG Fjle 47: MAGAZINE INDEX

J~I
 Oetoner 25, 1989 12:52am Page 5

Aloe vera council óefenós its practices, proóuct. (letter)

FDA Consumer v15 p29(2) Nov, 1981
SOURCE FILE: MI Fiie 47
ARTICLE TYPE: letter

4/3/63 (Item 14 from file: 47)

02080940 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
The aloe vera mystique. (letter)
Leung, Albert Y.
New York Times Magazine v131 p142(1) Oet 18, 1981
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47
ARTICLE TYPE: letter

4/3/64 (Item 15 trom file: 47)

02037842 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
The facts behind the aloe rnystique.
Blurnenthal, Deboyah
New York Times Magazine v130 p33(1) Sept 6, 1981
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/65 (:~em 16 from file: 47)

01997888 DIAIIOG I! i 1 e 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
Aloe verified. (treating minor euts and burns with tne juiee ot aiae vera
plants)
Lafavore, Micnael
Organic Garaeni:1g and Furming v28 p46(:1) Aug, í9Bl
S00RCE FI~2: MI ~ile 47

4/3/66 (Iten 11 trom file: 47)

01970038 DIADOG ?i~e L7: MAGAZINE :NDEX
The overseiiing ot aloe vera.
Hecht, Annaoe~
FDA Consumer ví5 p26(4) July-Aug, 1981
SOURC2 FIL2: MI File 47

4/3/67 (Item 18 from file: 41)

01968096 DIALOG Fi~e 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
How to grow aloe vera, the first aid planto
Glamour v79 p45(1) July, 1981
SOURCE FILE: MI File 47

4/3/68 (Item 19 tram file: 47)

01930516 DIALOG File 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
Burnt offerings. (sun tan protec~ion) (evaluation)
Dannen, Kent
Baekpaeker v9 p78(4) June-July, 1981
SOURCE FILE: MI ?ile 47

4/3/69 (Item 20 from file: 47)

01870576 DIALOG ?jle 47: MAGAZINE INDEX
~loe, ~he mystery medicine.
i(eougn, Carol
organie Garóening and Farming v28 ~lü4(2) April, 1981
SOURCE ?ILE: MI File 41
 ·, ,,' October 25, 1989 10: 15am Page 1

File 581:AGRIBUSINESS U.S.A. 85-89/0ct 20 Copr. 1989 Pioneer Hi-Bred Int

Inc)

File 286:BIOCOMMERCE ABS AND DIRECTORY 81-89/0CT

(COPR. B10COMMERCE DATA 1989)
File 285:BIOBUS1NESS - 1985-1989/NOV WEEK 3
(COPR.1989 310SIS)

Record - 1

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

0210701
SKIN THERAPEUTIC MIXTURE CONTAINING ALOE VERA EXTRACT: US PATENT-4857328.
AUGUST 15, 1989.
TRENZELUK T
MANVILLE, N.J. ,USA.
OFF1CIAL GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE PATENTS
, VOL.1105, NO.3, P.1792, 1989.
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 2

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

0206490
TERATOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME COMMONLY USED INDIGENOUS ANTIFERTILITY
PLANTS IN RATS.
SETHI N; NATH D; SINGH R K
DIV. TOXICOLOGY, CENTRAL DRUG RES. INST., LUCKNOW-226 001, INDIA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAI¡ OF CRUDE DRUG RESEARCH VOL. 27, NO. 2, P. 119-12 O ,
I

1989.
Language: ENGLISH
Six extracts of commonly used ina~genous antifertility plants were
screened for teratological abnormalities in failure cases (where pregnancy
was not prevented). The fetuses showed gross remarkable, external
morphological and skeletal defects.

Record - 3

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

0203548
YOU GOTTA BELIZVE: OTEERW1SE, CARRINGTON'S STOCK PRICE IS A MYSTERY.
SAVITZ E J
BARRON'S, VOL.69, NO.34, AUG. 21, 1989, P.l1,17-18, 1989.
Language: ENG~ISH
Carrington Laboratories Inc. has been deveioping Carrisyn, a drug
developed from the aloe vera plant, tor years. Although it has yet to gain
marketing approval or any profits, the companyls stock has appreciated 140%
from the end of 1988 to August 1989. Tne company's devotion ~o its
seemíngly unsuccessful aloe vera research was reportedly inspired by the
Bible. '

Record - 4

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

3~3
 October 25, 1989 10:15am page 2

0162282
CARRINGTON LABORATORIES INe.: FDA A?PROVAL IS RECEIVED TO TEST DRUG ON
HUMANS.
ANON
WALL STREET jOURNAL, VOL.212, NO.10S, NOV. 29, 1988, P.b4, 1988.
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 5

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

0086408
THE FIRST NATURALLY OCCURRING ESTERS IN ALOIN-TYPE GLYCOSYLS.
RAUWALD H-W; DIEMER J
INST. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOL., UNIV. FRANKFURT, GEORG-VOIGT-STRASSE 16,
D-6000 FRANKFURT/M.
PLANTA MEDICA, NO.6, P.530, 1986.
34th Annual Congress on Medicinal Plant Research, Hamburg, West Germany,
September 22-27, 1986. PLANTA MED
Language: ENGLISH

Record - 6

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

0058554
METHOD OF REDUCING SKIN IRRITATION FROM BENZOYL PEROXIDE: US
PATENT-4593046. JUNE 3, 1986.
GRUBER M
19 LAUREL DR., GREAT NECK, N.Y. 11021, USA.
OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF 7HE UNITED STATES PAT2NT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE PATENTS
, VOL.1067, NO.I, ?320, 1986.
Language: 2NGLISñ

Record - 7

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

0055661
TREATMENT OF SE~?ES: US ?ATENT-4585656. APRIL 29, 1986.
ROSENTHAL n~; 3E~T L
4 LAUREL PL., 3ASTCHESTER, N.Y. 10709, USA.
OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES ?ATENT ANu TRADEMARK OFFICE PATENTS
, VOL.1065, NO.5, ?2394, 1986.
Language: ENG~ISE

Record - 8

<DIALOG Fi~e 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS»

0038854
A SALES PLAN GE~S.
MARTH D
NATION'S BUSINESS, VOL.74, NO.l, P.89-90, 1986.
Language: ENGLISH
Forever Living Produets, Ine., Rex Maughan president, is the world's
third largest door-to-door sales network, and leads in rate of growth,
going from four employees and 1 million dollars in sales in its first year
(1978) to over 500 empioyees. The 1985 sales oi tne Tempe, AZ based company
are projected to be 100 million dollars. The natural products sold by the
 Detober 25, 1989 10:15am page 3

eompany are a~l baseo on tne aloe vera plant ano honey bee products. Mr.
Maughanls original cash investment was 10,000 dollars in 1978. A photograph
of Mr. Maugnan is incluoed.

Record - 9

<DIALOG File 285: (COPR.1989 BIOSIS)>

0033258
A STUDY ON THE CRUDE ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS USED IN ARABIAN FOLK MEDICINE.
MOSSA J S
DEP. PHARMACOGNOSY, COLLEGE PHARMACY, P.O. BOX 2457, KING SAUD UNIV.,
RIYADH 11451, SAUDI ARABIA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRUDE DRUG RESEARCH, VOL.23, NO.3, P.137-145,
1985. .
Language: ENGLISH
A survey of different regions of Saudi Arabia revealed that a large
number of herbal drugs are used ror the treatment of diabetes in the
traditional medicine of this country. Twelve of these antidiabetic plants
were collecteá ano identified. The literature was surveyed to find
distrjbution, chemical constituents and otne medicinal uses of these
plants. Stuaies fo~ antidiabetic activity in alloxanized mice in our
laboratory showeo tnat out of 12 plants, three plants (Teucrium
oliverianum, Hammaaa salicornica and Allium eepa) possess significant oral
hypoglycemic (25% to 38%) activity; three plants (Artemisia abyssinica,
Azadirachta inoica ana Loranthus curviflorus) showed moderate (11% to 23%)
activity. Five plants (Rhazya stricta, Momordica charantia, Aloe vera,
Allium sativum and Coriandrum sativum) were found to possess no significant
activity. One plant (Moringa oleífera) ratner increased the blaad glucose
(15%) in aiabetic mice.

3~S
 October 25, 1989 12:34am page 1

5/3/26 (Item 1 from file: 148)

06728525 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
*Use Format 9 for FULL TEXT*
Aloe Vera of America looking abroad as domestic áistribution sources áry
up.
Lampman, Dean
Dallas-Fort Worth 3usiness Journal v1l p1(2} March 28, 1988
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148 SUBFILE: ABD
AVAILABILITY: FULL TEXT Online LINE COUNT: 00114

5/3/27 (Item 2 from file: 148)

06565926 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
Aloe vera market slows; growers move overseas. (drugs & fine chemicals)
Chemical Marketing Reporter v234 p17(1} Aug 1, 1988
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148

5/3/28 (Item 3 from file: 148)

04427733 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
*Use Format 9 for FULL TEXT*
Does aloe vera help heal burns? (When Your Patient Asks)
Collins, Patricia J.
Patient Care v19 p72(1) Sept 30, 1985
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148
AVAILABILITY: FULL TEXT Online LINE COUNT: 00034

5/3/29 (Item 4 froro file: 148)

03427365 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
Aloe vera crop s~arts reviving. Prices fall and supplies grow. (Drugs &
fine chemicals) (column)
Chemical Marketing Reporter v226 p20(2) Sept 10, 1984
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148
ARTICLE TYPE: column

5/3/30 (Item 5 from file: 148)

03359794 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
Aloe vera in OTC drugs: FDA readies final rule to restrict claims on ads.
Chemical Marketing Reporter v226 p7(3) July 23, 1984
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148

5/3/31 (Item 6 froro file: 148)

02866727 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
*Use Format 9 for FUr:L TEXT*
Stabilized aloe vera: effect on human skin cells.
Danhof, Ivan E.; McAna~ley, Bill h.
Drug & Cosmetic Indus~ry v133 p52(4) Aug, 1983
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148
AVAILABILITY: FULL TEXT Online LINE COUNT: 00146

5/3/32 (Item 7 trom file: 148)

02579069 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
*Use Format 9 tor FULL TEXT*
Aloe vera - the importance of processing.
Smothers, Don L.
Drug & Cosmetic Industry v132 p40(5) Jan, 1983
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148
 October 25, 1989 12:34am page 2
"...

AVAILABILITY: FULL TEXT Online LINE COUNT: 00132

5/3/33 (Item 8 from file: 148)

02474810 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
The aloe's gel grows popular as an additive. (restorative powers of the
aloe vera plant)
Phillips, Carolyn
Wall Street Journal SECTION 2 col 2 p33(W) p37(E) Oct 5, 1982
SOURCE FILE: NNI File 111

5/3/34 (Item 9 from file: 148)

02201069 DIALOG File 148: TRADE & INDUSTRY INDEX
Fruit of the Earth. (new company with aloe vera-based product~)
Drug & Cosmetic Industry v130 p40(4) Feb, 1982
SOURCE FILE: TI File 148

3~7
 October 20. 1989 3:03pm Page 1

File 42:PHARMACEUTICAL NEWS INDEX 74-89/0CT, WEEK 2

*******************************************************************

5/5/1
89-15453
Drug recalls for 1988: Categorized by problem area;Contamination-related
drug recalls
Quality Control Reports: The Gold Sheet Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 5,8.
Coden: QUCRB6 Journal Code: QCR Publ. Yr: Feb 1989 Publ. Date: 890200
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: Aloe Vera Topical Skin Spray; Aloe Products
Identifiers: contamination

5/5/2
89-15452
Drug recalls for 1988: Categorized by problem area;Contamination-related
drug recalls
Quality Control Reports: The Gold Sheet Vol. 23, No. 2. pp. 5,8,
Coden: QUCRB6 Journal Code: QCR Publ. Yr: Feb 1989 Publ. Date: 890200
Languages: ENGLlSH
Descriptors: Aloe Vera Topical Skin Product; Aloe Products
Identifiers: contamination

5/5/3
89-14177
FDA recalls & court actions. . March 22, 1989;FDA seizure action filed
FDC Reports: The Pink Sheet Vol. 51, No. 13, pp. T&G-18,19, Coden:
FPSDAN Journal Code: FDC Publ. Yr: Mar 27, 1989 Publ. Date: 890327
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: Fresh Charger and Aloe-Med Aloe Vera Udder Cream; Animal
Medic
Identifiers: unapproved new animal drug; inadequate directions for use;
2/3/89

5/5/4
88-33636
In brief
FDC Reports: The Rose Sheet Vol. 9, No. 45, p. back page, Coden:
FRTCE9 Journal Code: TFS Publ. Yr: Nov 7, 1988 Publ. Date: 881107
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: recall; bacterial contamination; Aloe Vera Topical Skin
Spray; Aloe Products

5/5/5
88-32842
FDA recalls & court actions . . Oct. 26, 1988;FDA Class 11 recalls
FDC Reports: The Pink Sheet Vol. 50, No. 44, p. T&G-14, Coden: FPSDAN
Journal Code: FDC Publ. Yr: Oct 31, 1988 Publ. Date: 881031
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: Aloe Vera Topical Skin Spray; Aloe Products
Identifiers: 10/10/88; bacterial contamination

5/5/6
88-16279
In brief
 October 20, 1989 3:03pm Page 2

FDC Reports: The Rose Sheet Vol. 9, No. 19, p. back page, Coden:
FRTCE9 Journal Code: TFS Publ. Yr: May 9, 1988 Publ. Date: 880509
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: Aloe Products; recall; contamination; Aloe Vera Topical Skin
Product

.5/5/7
88~14715
FDA recalls & court actions. . May 4, 1988;FDA Class 11 recalls
FDC Reports: The Pink Sheet Vol. 50, No. 19, p. T&G-14. Coden: FPSDAN
Journal Code: FDC Publ. Yr: May 9, 1988 Publ. Date: 880509
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: Aloe Vera Topical Skin Product; Aloe Products
Identifiers: 4/5/88; Pseudomonas cepacia contamination '

5/5/8
86-34799
In brief
FDC Reports ' 'The Rose Sheet" Vol. 7. No. 36. p. 15. Coden:
FRTCE9 Journal Code: TFS Publ. Yr: Sep 8, 1986
Languages: ENGLISII
Descriptors: Chemical Specialties; FDA recall; Aloe Vera shampoo; Henna
shampoos; Coconut hand soap; Lotion hand soap; Klean-All Waterless hand
cleaner

5/5/9
86-28775
FDA recalls & court actions ... Sept. 17 & 24. 1986;FDA Class 2 recalls
FDC Reports -- "The Pink Sheet' I Vol. 48. No. 39. p. 1&G-10. Coden:
FPSDAN Journal Code: FDC Publ. Yr: Sep 29. 1986
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: Aloe Vera Juice; Warren Laboratories
Identifíers: 8/29/86; bacterial contamination; false and misleading
therapeutic claims

5/5/10
86-07276
Product news in brief
SCRIP World Pharmaceutical News No. 1068, p. 25. Coden: SCRIDK
Journal Code: SCR Publ. Yr: Jan 15, 1986
Languages: ENGLISH
Descriptors: Avacare: .US; patent application; chemical substance; Aloe
vera; Carrisyn; potential uses

5/5/11
85-14039
Marketing in brief
FDC Reports - '1 The Rose Sheet l' Vol. 6. No. 20, p. 15, Coden: FRTCE9
Journal Code: TFS Publ. Yr: May 20, 1985
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: VI0N6
Descriptors: Schering-Plough; Solarcaine 100% Pure Aloe Vera Gel; la
Solaire; features

5/5/12
85-12650

3' 9
 October 20, 1989 3:03pm Page 3

FDA recalls & court actions ... May 1, 1985;FDA Class 2 recalls
FDC Reports - "The Pink Sheet" Vol. 47, No. 18, p. T&G-11, Coden:
FPSDAN Journal Code: FDC Publ. Yr: May 6, 1985
Languages: 'ENGL 1 SH
Journal Announcement: VI0N6
Descriptors: Aloe Vera Udder Infusion; Aloe-Med
Identifiers: 3/29/85; new animal drug marketed without an approved NADA

5/5/13
85-11372
In brief
FDC Reports - I I The Rose Sheet' I Vol. 6, No. 15, p. 17, Coden: FRTCE9
Journal Code: TFS Publ. Yr: Apr 15, 1985
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: V10N5
Descriptors: Jan Stuart; Natural Skin Care for Men Aloe Vera
Aftershave/Toner; recall; contamination

5/5/14
85-09113
In brief
FDC Reports - " The Rose Sheet t , Vol. 6, No. 12, p. 12, Coden: FRTCE9
Journal Code: TFS Publ. Yr: Mar 25, 1985
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: V10N4
Descriptors: National Aloe Science Conncil; call for papers; meeting and
scientific conference; aloe vera plants

5/5/15
83-17559
FDA recalls & court actions ... Sept. 28, 1983; FDA Class 3 recalls
FDC Repor1:s - (f f The P ink Sheet f
I Vo l. 45, No. 40. p. T&G-7. Coden:
FPSDAN Journal Code: FDC Publ. Yr: Oct 3, 1983
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: v8n11
Descriptors: Maximum Strength Hydro Vera/Aloe Vera Cream; Qualis
Identifiers: OTC; microbiological contamination; 7/18/83; 7/19/83

5/5/16
82-11864
FDA recalls & court actions .. , September 22, 1982:FDA Class 2 recalls
FDC Reports - (" The Pink Sheet' I Vol. 44, No. 39. p. T&G-9, Coden:
FPSDAN Jonrnal Code: FDC Pub]. Yr: Sep 27, 1982
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: v7nl0
Descriptors: Literature that promotes various t I Don M' I Aloe Vera
products; Don M. Company
Identifiers: misleadjng promotional material; 9/3/82

3f-D
 ~

Oetober 25, 1989 12:35am page 1

16: PTS PROMT - 72-89/0ctober 25

25 S4/TI

5/7/1 (Item 1 from file: 16)

02292997
Aloe Vera Foot Cream MANUFACTURER: Healthy Bodycare CATEGORY: Foot Care &
Foot Deodorizers .

New, on the market in the United Kingdom are 50ml tubes of Aloe Vera
Foot Cream. Recently introduced by Healthy Bodycare, the eream is made with
aloe vera extract and with oil from the peppermint plant.. T~e result is a
soothing cream that softens and moisturises the skin as it treats
uneomfortable foot eonditions with its antibaeterial, antibiotie,
antifungus and astringent properties. Retail price for eaeh tube is 2.50
English pounds. To obtain a sample of this produet, contaet: Marketing
Intelligenee Service, Ltd., (716) 374-6326 for availability, pricing and
delivery.

THIS IS THE FULL TEX7: Copyright 1989 Marketing Intelligence Serviee Ltd.

International Proáuct Alert September 6, 1989 p. N/A

5/7/2 (Item 2 from file: 16)

02284710
Nature 1 s Formula Aloe Cranapple Spirits; Aloe Lemon Lime Spirits; Aloe
Orange Papaya Spirits MANUFACTURER: Aloe Vera Trading Co., Inc.
CATEGORY: neal~h Drinks

A convenient pack of nutritious juices and aloe for a healthy thrist

queneher is being offered from Aloe Vera Trading Co., Inc. of DalIas, TX.
Nature's Formula Aloe Cranapple Spirits, Lernon Lime Spirits and Orange
Papaya Spirits are available in 11 02. bottles. Added by a patented
process, natural Beta Carotene is said to totally blend with the other
natural ingredients and also eontains a total of 5000 I.U. of vitarnin A. To
obtain a sarnple of this product, eontact: Marketing Intelligenee Service,
Ltd., (716) 374-6326 for availability, pricing ano delivery.
THIS IS THE FULL TEXT: Copyright 1989 by Marketing Intelligenee Service
Ltd.

Produet Alert August 28, 1989 p. N/A

5/7/3 (Itern 3 frorn file: 16)

02284708
Nature 1 s Formula Aloe Vera Juice Cranberry-Apple; Aloe Vera Juice
-Herbal; Aloe Vera Juice - Natural; Aloe Vera Juice - Lernon/?au DI Arco

Company literature claims "Natures gift to natural health and

nutritionll
are Nature's Formula Aloe Vera Juices. Cranberry-Apple Juice,
tiernal Juice, Natural Juice, Lemon/Pau DtArco and Orange Papaya/Beta
Carotene are cold processed, oe licious tasting" Aloe Juices. They are rnade
lI

fram aloe jUíce extraeted from freshly harves~ea aloe leaf fillets and all
the juices are processed from natural products and include 99% aloe juice.
7he product benefits fitness programs, proviaes energy, helps the digestive
system and provides arnino acids, vitamins and minerals. It is an overall

:j+/
 Dctober 25, 1989 12:35am Page 2

exeellent addition to nutritional programs and a healthy dieto These juiees

are available in 32 and 64 fl. 02. bottles. The manufaeturer is Aloe Vera
Trading Co., Ine. of DalIas, TX. To obtain a sample of this produet,
contact: Marketing Intelligence Service, Ltd., (716) 374-6326 for
availability, pricing and delivery.
TRIS IS TRE FULL TEXT: Copyright 1989 by Marketing Intelligence Service
Ltd.

Product Alert August 28, 1989 p. N/A

5/7/4 (Item 4 from file: 16)

02246030
Sunban 15 Moisturizing Lip Conditioner with Aloe Ve,ra .+ Vitamin E
MANUFACTURER: Stanoaek COa CATEGORY: Beauty Skin Care

Dn the market f~om Stanback COa of Salisbury, NC, Sunban 15

Moisturizing Lip Conditioner with Aloe Vera + Vitamin E is now available
with a sealeá, twist-off cap aná a new tamper-evident, full sleeve label.
The claim is mace that this was the first lip conditioner manuraeturer to
use the heat-snrinkabíe seals on its products for consumer safety. They
work w~tn CMS Gilbreth Packaging Systems, the designer aná applier of the
new tamper-evident labels. To obtain a sample of this product, contact:
Marketing Intelligence Service, Ltd., (716) 374-6326 for availability,
pricing and delivery.

Copyright 1989 by Marketing Intelligence Service Ltd.: FULLTEXT

Product Alert July 10, 1989 p. N/A

5/7/5 (Item 5 from file: 16)

02217076
Softsoap Aloe Vera Liguid Soap - Refill MANUFACTURER: Softsoap Enterprises
Inc. CATEGORY: Soap

Softsoap Enterprises Inc. of Chaska, MN, is now marketing its Softsoap

Aloe Vera Liquid Soap in a 6.5 fl. oz. plastic Softpack (tm) Refill
package. The suggested retail price is 69 cents. Step-by-step directions
say to pinch the spout and cut off the end, then point the spout into
liguid soap pump and tip the contents into the bottle. This new package is
claimed to make refilling the dispenser simple, convenient and economical.

Copyright 1989 by Marketing Intelligence Service Ltd.: FüLLTEXT

?roduct Alert May 29, 1989 p. N/A

5/7/6 (Item 6 froID file: 16)

02217042
CaIgon Bubbling Milk 3ath with Baby Oil; Moisturizing Foam Bath with Aloe
Vera; Moisturizing Foam Bath with Rose Water & Glycerin

Calgon BubbIing Milk Bath With Baby Oil and Moisturizing Foam Bath
-With Aloe Vera, With Rose Water & Glycerin or.With Vitamin E - are now
being marketed with "20% more moisturizers. f1 Packaged in 7 fl. oz. plastic
oval-shaped bottles, the products are promoLed with ad support offering a
30 cent manufacturer1s coupon. Beecnam Products, a division of Beecham
Inc., is the manufacturero
 October 25, 1989 12:36am Page 3

Copyright 1989 by Marketing Intelligenee Serviee Ltd.: FULLTEXT

Produet Alert May 29, 1989 p. N/A

5/7/7 (Item 7 from file: 16)

02202775
Rovar Aloe Vera Soap; Oatmeal Soap MANUFACTURER: Rovar Soap Co. CATEGORY:
Soap

Rovar Aloe Vera and Oatmeal Soaps are on the market trom Rovar Soap
Company of Los Angeles. Paekaged in 3.4 oz. boxes, the bars of soap are
identified as JlEuropean style, Frenen milled soaps.rt The filo~ Vera Soap, a
eombination of the mos~ precious emollients with the aneient moisturizer of
pure aloe vera, is sald to be a natural beauty aid for any type of skin and
will leave i~ soft and smooth tor a elean, elear eomplexion. Made with 100%
pure oatmeal flakes to help strip and elean exeess oi1s, the Oatmeal Soap
is combined with the finest ingredients plus extra emollients to help your
skin to a more smooth and supple appearance.

Copyright 1989 oy Marketing Intel1igenee Serviee Ltd.: FULLTEXT

Produet Alert April 17, 1989 p. N/A

5/7/8 (Item 8 from file: 16)

01429343
New Chemcial from Aloe vera being touted as wonder drug.

Avacare (Dallas, Texas) is promoting its new synthetic ehemieal

Carrisyn as the first drug that promotes healing of wounds. Tests by
researchers at Avacarels labs indieate the ehemical, which is derived from
the aloe vera plant, promotes healing of skin euts, stomach ulcers and
bedsores by stimuiating replieation oi new fibrop1ast cells. Avacare has
made the isolation, modification and development of mass production methods
for Carrysin the focus of its business for the last few years, spending
$848,000 on Research and Development in 1984. Avacare, formed in 1974 as a
direet sales ecmpany for aloe vera based products has suffereo along with
the rest oí the direct sales industry in recent years. Sales in 1984 were
$10 million, oown vs $12.1 million in 1983. The eompany lost $2.3 million
in 1984. The new drug coula turn things around tar the eompany. If its
okay'd by the Fooa and Drug Admínistration, Avacare would initially market
Carrisyn to the 5.5 million bedsore suffers in tne country. Any medication
aimed at the ulcer market will be manufactured ano marketea unoer lieense
by o~her companies.

DALLAS FORT WORT~ nüSINESS (TX) January 13, 1986 p. 21

5/7/9 (Item 9 fram file: 16)

01422360
Firm says it has aloe vera's secreto

Avacare (Dallas, Texas) claims it has aloe vera's secret.Executives of

Avacare say the benefit of aloe vera may be pinnea to a tiny molecule that
helps bina skin fibers together to promote healing. The company has filed a
patent for the molecule, called Carrisyn by the firm's researchers. Wounds
heal by a layering process, which is begun by cells called fibroblasts.

37-3
 October 25, 1989 12:37am Page 4

Once the fibroblast has formed the first covering, heavier skin coverings
made of collagen begin growing and finally the outer skin layer grows and
the wound is heaíed. The company hopes to get approval from the Food and
Drug Administration to market the molecule for decubitus ulcers, commonly
known as beasores.

DALLA S MORNING NEWS (TX) December 30, 1985 p. SecD,6

5/7/10 (Item 10 from file: 16)

01328041
Breakthrough in aloe vera research?

Avacare (US) has filed a patent application for ~ co~pound that i t

claims is the principal ingredient in aloe vera. The new compound will be
marketed under the brand name Carrisyn. Avacare claims that the ehemical
increased replication of tissue culture in human cells responsible for
healing burns and ulcers 300% in 48 hours, boosted DNA synthesis in the
nucleus of human cells in a tissue culture study, accelerated the rate of
wound healing in lab animals and effectively treated gastric ulcers in lab
rats. Avacare will file an Investigative New Drug permit to conduct human
clinical trials ror wound management.

DRUG & COSMETIC INDUSTRY February, 1986 p. 14

5/7/11 (Item 11 from file: 16)

01266684
Aloe vera update: A new form questions integrity of old.

There is no eVlaence that processed aloe vera gel possesses the

activity of fresh gel. Also, due to the absence of analytieal and
identifieation standards, no assurance is given that any of the
commercially availaole aloe vera gel products eontain any active
ingredients. ?roblems with the purity of aloe vera products include the
lack of meaningful identification or purity standards, powdered aloe vera
concentrates con~aining diluents that are added =or easy handling ana
storage, and the few genuine aloe gel liquids aná eoncentrates contain
mostly decomposeá gel components due to extraction methocs. Artiele
discusses further problems present in researching the purity of aloe" vera.

DRUG & COSMETIC INDUSTRY September, 1985 p. 42-46

5/7/12 (Item 12 froro file: 16)
01156925
Multilayer handled bottle protects aloe vera juice.

Forever Living Products is bottling its aloe vera juice drlnk and gel
in Gamma bo~tles from American Can. The handled, gold colored, 1 quart
bottle was chosen for its oxygen-barrier properties. Aloe vera juice
discolors baa~y when exposed to oxygen, aná the new bottle will have a
shelf-life of 4-5 year. Glass was considered tor its protection, but was
dismissed because of breakage and weight factors. high-density polyethylene
was formerly used ror the aloe vera produc~s. The new bottle is shiny and
not easily soiled, and is printed vía a 2-pass silk screen and filled at
room temperature.

FOOD & DRUG PACKAGING February, 1985 p. 5,41

 October 25, 1.989 12:37am page 5

5/7/13 (Itern 13 frorn file: :6)

01058260
Aloe vera in OTe drugs: FDA readies final rule to restrict claims on ads.

Makers of OTC drug products containing aloe vera rnay soon have to
delete claims for rneu~cal efficacy or remove their products from the
rnarket, depending on regulations issued by Food and Drug Administration.
Sorne 25 percent of all aloe vera grown goes into drug-related products.
Food and Drug Administration is concerned with consumer safety, since the
new drug uses for aloe vera may prevent patients from seeking proper
medical care and sorne clairns made for aloe are fraudulento

Chemical Marketing Reporter July 23, 1984 p. 7,26

5/7/14 (Item 14 from file: 16)

01041083
Branchenkurzberichte: Australien: Anbau van Aloe-Vera-Pflanzen.

Friedship Aioe Vera (Australia) will produce Aloe Vera gel from
end-1984. This medicinal plant's uses include sunburn, acne, insect bite
and hangover trea~ment. Michael Birch (US) has signed an agreernent with
Australian suppliers guaranteeing to buy their producto Initial investment
will total AS52,OOO/O.4 hectare. Each pla~t'can produce 40 L gel per year
after 3 year for 25-40 year.

Nachrichten fur Aussenhandei April 18, 1984 p. 3 4:

Language: German

5/7/15 (Item 15 from file: 16)

00989038
Dr Madi~ Labora~ories has isolated Aloferon, the active ingredient of aloe
vera gels.

Sorne 5,000 Douna of aloe vera leaf is required to produce 1 pound of

Aloferon. An aqueous solution of Aloferon requires no preservatives or
stabilizing agents since i t remains sterile during storage even at room
temperature, due to the bactericidal properties of aloe vera. The firm may
begin large-scale proauction of Alaferon in the near future.

Drug & Cosmetic Industry December, 1983 p. 76

? t s5/7/16-20 from 16

5/7/16 (Item 16 from file: 16)

00983070
Two devastating freezes in late 1983 destroyed at least 30% of the aloe
vera plants grown in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas aná at least 70% af
the crop sorne suffered damage.

V ?ruit~ of the American Aloe Growers Association predicts that aloe

production will be curtailed for 6-12 rnonths. ?roduction coula be delayeó
up to 2 years i~ p~ant roots are extensively aamaged and replanting is
necessary. The Rio Grande Va11ey accounts for 95 percent oi all GS aloe
vera output with 3,000 acres under cultivation. 2ach acre yields about
70,000 pound oí aloe vera gel. Sorne 20-30 US firms specialize in aloe

3::;-;)