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Total - Length - Calcs - For - Pipes - Valves - and - Fittings - RevA
Total - Length - Calcs - For - Pipes - Valves - and - Fittings - RevA
EQUIVALENT LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS BASED ON GPSA ENGG. DATA BOOK (11TH ED.), PIPE
FLOW - A PRACTICAL & COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE (by Donald C. Rennels & Hobart M. Hudson) and CRANE TECHNICAL
PAPER No. 410M (1982 ED.)
Remarks
Project Number
Line Number
From
To
P & ID NO.
Nominal Pipe Diameter (D) inches 4
Fittings Number Le, (m)
Reduced Bore 40mm and smaller 65 D
Ball Valve Reduced Bore 50mm and Larger 45 D 13 59.4
Full bore 3D
Standard bore 13 D
Gate Valve
Reduce bore 40mm and smaller 65 D
Straight pattern 340 D
Globe Valve Y pattern 160 D
Angle Pattern 145 D
Swing Type 135 D
Check Valve
Ball or piston Type, 40mm and smaller 340 D
Plug valve Regular Pattern 45 D
Butterfly Valve 6 inches and larger 20 D
Flow straight through 20 D
Tee - equal
Flow through side outlet 65 D 1 6.6
90°, R=1.5D 20 D 12 24.4
Elbow
45°, R=1.5D 16 D
90°, R=4D 14 D
90°, R=5D 16 D
Bend
180°, R=4D 25 D
180°, R=5D 28 D
Strainer Pump suction Y type and bucket type 250 D
Product outlet nozzle vessel/tank 32 D
Nozzle
Product inlet nozzle vessel/tank 64 D
Larger Dia. x Smaller Dia.
Concentric 6x4 1 1.9
Expander
Concentric 4x3 1 0.1
Reducer
Sudden
Expansion
Sudden 4x2 1 1.0
Contraction
Straight Length for entered Nominal Pipe Diameter (D), m 571.0
Total Equivalent Length for Fittings, m 93.4
Total Length (Equivalent Length + Straight Length), m 664.4
Revision History
1st Issue
1. Formuals used in "Reducers & Expanders" worksheet for resistance coefficient were as folows:
a. Equation 3.18 for concentric reducers from "Crane Technical Paper 410M".
b. Equation 3.17 for concentric expanders from "Crane Technical Paper 410M".
Rev. A
SHEET 1 OF 11
Formuals used in "Reducers & Expanders" worksheet for resistance coefficient are completely new taken from the book:
"Pipe Flow - A Practical & Comprehensive Guide" by Donald C. Rennels & Hobart M. Hudson
Refer the worksheet - "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for the highlighted formulas and for the included angle
SHEET 2 OF 11
Concentric Reducer
Refer worksheet "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for formulas for loss or resistance
coefficient for Concentric Reducers
In the figure: FLOW
K1 = Resistance coefficient based on smaller diameter
d
q = included angle in degrees D θ
b=d/D
where:
d = smaller diameter, inches
D = larger diameter, inches
REDUCER
Concentric Expander L
Refer worksheet "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for formulas for loss or resistance
D
coefficient for Concentric Expanders
FLOW
L
where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches
Ft = Friction factor for turbulent flow EXPANDER
d
Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
Line NB Ft (From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
inch
1 0.023
1.5 0.021
2 0.019
3 0.018
4 0.017
6 0.015
8 0.014
10 0.014
12 0.013
14 0.013
16 0.013
18 0.012
20 0.012
24 0.012
30 0.011
36 0.011
CONCENTRIC REDUCER
Values of D, d and L from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)
Nominal Nominal Larger Dia. Smaller Diameter Length L, Included Friction Jet Contraction Resistance Equivalent
Pipe Size, Pipe Size D, inches dia. d, Ratio (b = d/D) in. concentric Factor for Ratio, λ Coefficient length, Le,
inches (smaller inches Angle q, ° turbulent based on m
dia), inches flow, Ft smaller dia., K1
2x1 1 2.374 1.315 0.554 3 33 0.023 1.142 0.05 0.08
2 x 1.5 1.5 2.374 1.902 0.801 3 15 0.021 1.051 0.02 0.05
3 x 1.5 1.5 3.5 1.902 0.543 3.5 42 0.021 1.173 0.07 0.16
3x2 2 3.5 2.374 0.678 3.5 30 0.019 1.117 0.04 0.13
4x2 2 4.5 2.374 0.528 4 48 0.019 1.195 0.08 0.26
4x3 3 4.5 3.5 0.778 4 24 0.018 1.079 0.03 0.12
6x3 3 6.626 3.5 0.528 5.5 51 0.018 1.205 0.09 0.44
6x4 4 6.626 4.5 0.679 5.5 36 0.017 1.134 0.05 0.32
8x6 6 8.626 6.626 0.768 6 31 0.015 1.101 0.03 0.35
8x4 4 8.626 4.5 0.522 6 60 0.017 1.234 0.11 0.74
10 x 8 8 10.75 8.626 0.802 7 28 0.014 1.085 0.02 0.39
10 x 6 6 10.75 6.626 0.616 7 52 0.015 1.196 0.08 0.92
12 x 10 10 12.75 10.75 0.843 8 24 0.014 1.063 0.02 0.34
12 x 8 8 12.75 8.626 0.677 8 46 0.014 1.166 0.06 0.99
12 x 6 6 12.75 6.626 0.520 8 65 0.015 1.251 0.12 1.38
14 x 12 12 14 12.75 0.911 13 9 0.013 1.019 0.01 0.22
14 x 10 10 14 10.75 0.768 13 24 0.014 1.081 0.02 0.47
14 x 8 8 14 8.626 0.616 13 38 0.014 1.152 0.06 0.86
14 x 6 6 14 6.626 0.473 13 51 0.015 1.210 0.09 1.02
16 x 14 14 16 14 0.875 14 14 0.013 1.034 0.01 0.30
16 x 12 12 16 12.75 0.797 14 22 0.013 1.070 0.02 0.51
16 x 10 10 16 10.75 0.672 14 35 0.014 1.133 0.05 0.88
16 x 8 8 16 8.626 0.539 14 47 0.014 1.193 0.08 1.24
18 x 16 16 18 16 0.889 15 13 0.013 1.029 0.01 0.31
18 x 14 14 18 14 0.778 15 25 0.013 1.083 0.02 0.67
18 x 12 12 18 12.75 0.708 15 33 0.013 1.119 0.04 0.96
18 x 10 10 18 10.75 0.597 15 44 0.014 1.174 0.07 1.31
20 x 18 18 20 18 0.900 20 10 0.012 1.021 0.01 0.35
20 x 16 16 20 16 0.800 20 19 0.013 1.062 0.02 0.57
20 x 14 14 20 14 0.700 20 28 0.013 1.107 0.03 0.93
20 x 12 12 20 12.75 0.638 20 34 0.013 1.135 0.05 1.15
24 x 20 20 24 20 0.833 20 19 0.012 1.055 0.02 0.65
24 x 18 18 24 18 0.750 20 28 0.012 1.097 0.03 1.11
24 x 16 16 24 16 0.667 20 37 0.013 1.140 0.05 1.52
30 x 24 24 30 24 0.800 24 24 0.012 1.074 0.02 1.06
30 x 20 20 30 20 0.667 24 38 0.012 1.144 0.05 2.14
Page 3 of 11 ]
36 x 30 30 36 30 0.833 24 24 0.011 1.065 0.02 1.21
36 x 24 24 36 24 0.667 24 45 0.012 1.165 0.06 3.15
Page 4 of 11 ]
CONCENTRIC EXPANDER
Values of D, d and L from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)
Nominal Nominal Larger Dia. Smaller Diameter Length L, Included Friction Resistance Equivalent
Pipe Size, Pipe Size D, inches dia. d, Ratio (b = d/D) in. concentric Factor for Coefficient length, Le, m
inches (smaller inches Angle q, ° turbulent based on
dia), inches flow, Ft smaller dia., K1
Page 5 of 11 ]
Sudden Expansion & Contraction
Equations:
Sudden Expansion
Sudden Contraction
where:
Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
Line NB Ft (From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
inch
1 0.023
1.5 0.021
2 0.019
3 0.018
4 0.017
6 0.015
8 0.014
10 0.014
12 0.013
14 0.013
16 0.013
18 0.012
20 0.012
24 0.012
30 0.011
36 0.011
Sheet 6 of 11
Equation for Equivalent Length
K1
Le = ×d×0. 0254
Ft
where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches
Sheet 7 of 11