EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS

USING DOWTHERM
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
Includes heat transfer system
hardware and fabrication guidelines
 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Engineering /Consulting Firms ......................................................................... 3
II. Heaters and Vaporizers
Comparison of Steam and DOWTHERM Products ...................................... 4
Description, Operation, and Maintenance .............................................. 4
Manufacturers
Heaters and Vaporizers ............................................................... 4 –5
Heat Exchangers ............................................................................. 5
Processing Equipment .................................................................... 5
Specialized Equipment .............................................................. 5–6
III. Pumps
Centrifugal Process Pumps ................................................................... 6–7
Canned Motor and Magnetically Coupled Pumps .................................. 7
Mechanical Seals ..................................................................................... 7
Packing ................................................................................................... 8
Expansion Joints ...................................................................................... 8
IV. Instruments
Instrumentation and Controls ............................................................... 10
Temperature Instruments and Controllers ............................................ 10
Flow Instruments and Controllers ......................................................... 10
Automatic Control Valves .................................................................... 10
Pressure Gauges and Controllers ........................................................... 11
Level Controllers and Switches ............................................................. 11
Level Gauges .......................................................................................... 11
V. Miscellaneous Equipment
Safety Valves .......................................................................................... 12
Traps ....................................................................................................... 12
Tanks and Jacketed Vessels ................................................................... 12
Purification Units .................................................................................. 12
Insulation ............................................................................................... 12
Filters ...................................................................................................... 13
VI. Piping Specifications
Pipe ......................................................................................................... 14
Pipe Fittings ........................................................................................... 14
Flanges and Gaskets ............................................................................... 15
Flange Bolts, Studs, and Nuts ................................................................ 15
Joint (Thread) Compounds ................................................................... 15
Bolt Lubricants ....................................................................................... 15
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for Flanges ....................................... 16–17
Instrumentation Piping .......................................................................... 18
Gate Valves for Instrument Lines .......................................................... 18
Methods of Making Branch Connections ............................................. 18
Shutoff and Throttling Valves ............................................................... 18
Tight Shutoff Valves .................................................................... 18
Globe Valves ................................................................................ 19
Gate Valves .................................................................................. 19
Check Valves ................................................................................ 19
Valve Manufacturers .................................................................... 20
VII. Index to Suppliers ................................................................................. 21– 23

2
INTRODUCTION
This brochure describes equipment
utilized in systems that employ
DOWTHERM* heat transfer fluids.
It also includes convenient lists
of equipment suppliers. These
suppliers represent a portion of
those who are capable of providing
high-temperature equipment.
Section VI of this brochure lists
piping specifications that have
been developed by The Dow
Chemical Company for use in
processes within our own produc-
tion facilities.
References to a supplier or
product by name does not imply
approval or recommendation by
Dow of any supplier or product
to the exclusion of others that
may be suitable for the intended
purpose. Dow neither endorses
the suppliers or products
mentioned nor guarantees
their performance. It is the
user’s responsibility to select
suppliers and determine product
performance for user’s intended
application.
I. ENGINEERING/
CONSULTING FIRMS
The Dow Chemical Company is
not in a position to design equip-
ment for customer use. We suggest
that you consult with competent
engineering companies, consult-
ants, or equipment fabricators
experienced with systems utilizing
DOWTHERM fluids. A selective list
of experienced engineering firms
follows:
*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
Sources for Engineering Services Lockwood Greene Engineers,
Incorporated
ABB Lummus Heat Transfer Spartanburg, South Carolina
A Division of ABB Lummus Crest,
Michigan Science &
Incorporated
Engineering Associates
Bloomfield, New Jersey
Ann Arbor, Michigan
American Econo-Therm Division
The Ralph M. Parsons Corporation
Petro-Chem Development
Pasadena, California
Company, Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma Petro-Chem Development
Company, Incorporated
American Hydrotherm Corporation
New York, New York
New York, New York
Pfaudler—U.S., Incorporated
American Schack Company,
Rochester, New York
Incorporated
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Raytheon Engineers &
Constructors, Inc.
Artisan Industries, Incorporated
Denver, Colorado/Philadelphia,
Waltham, Massachusetts
Pennsylvania/Lexington, Massachusetts
Bechtel Group, Incorporated
Stone & Webster Engineering
San Francisco, California
Corporation
John Brown E & C, Incorporated Boston, Massachusetts
Stamford, Connecticut
Sverdrup Technology, Incorporated
Brown & Root, Inc. Sverdrup Corporation
A Subsidiary of Halliburton Company Tullahoma, Tennessee
Houston, Texas
BS&B Process Systems, Troubleshooting Consultants
Incorporated
These consultants provide services
Houston, Texas
on special problems, including
Dow Engineering Company problems with mechanical seals,
Houston, Texas heater and vaporizer scale-up, heat
First Thermal Systems, Incorporated
exchangers, processing equipment,
Chattanooga, Tennessee
and process pumps.
Michigan Science &
Fluor Daniel, Incorporated
Engineering Associates
A Subsidiary of Fluor Corporation
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Irvine, California
Walter F. Seifert,
Foster Wheeler USA Corporation
Consulting Engineer
Clinton, New Jersey
Midland, Michigan
Heatec, Incorporated
An ASTEC Company
Chattanooga, Tennessee
The International Boiler
Works Company
Miami Lakes, Florida
3
 II. HEATERS AND VAPORIZERS
Comparison of Steam and
DOWTHERM Products
Systems designed for DOWTHERM
heat transfer fluids are, in general,
similar to systems that employ steam.
However, steam and DOWTHERM
fluids do display a number of differ-
ences that must be considered when
designing any particular system.
DOWTHERM fluids differ from steam
as follows:
1. Their vapors are heavier than air;
steam is lighter than air.
2. They are flammable or combustible.
3. They will not cause scaling, nor
are they corrosive toward standard
materials of construction.
4. They contract, rather than
expand, upon freezing.
5. They can usually be regenerated
after years of use.
6. As organic fluids, they have low
surface tension and viscosities;
therefore, systems must be tight
when these media are introduced.
The most important difference
between steam and DOWTHERM
heat transfer fluids is the lower vapor
pressure exhibited by the latter. For
example, while steam at 500°F has a
pressure of 696 psig, DOWTHERM A
fluid operates at atmospheric pres-
sure. Similar differences exist with
the other DOWTHERM fluids.
Description, Operation,
and Maintenance
When a DOWTHERM heat transfer
fluid is used in the liquid state, the
unit for heating is called a heater;
when it is vaporized, the unit is
called a vaporizer.
Vaporizers use both natural and
forced circulation. Natural circula-
tion vaporizers are subdivided into
4 temperature of the vapor. Burners on
liquid-tube and fire-tube types, the
latter are available as both vertical
and horizontal units.
Liquid heaters, in general, use forced
circulation. However, if DOWTHERM
fluid is used in the vapor state, the
hot liquid and vapor go to a separator
drum. The vapor from the separator
drum then goes to the heat user,
while the liquid is recycled.
Vaporizers should never be referred
to as boilers, since they may then be
confused with ordinary steam boilers.
Such confusion is highly undesirable
because many of the insurance and
local code restrictions under which
steam boilers operate are inapplicable
to vaporizers for DOWTHERM fluid.
Steam boilers have screwed fittings and
generally operate at much higher heat
fluxes than vaporizers for Dowtherm
fluids. Steam boilers should never be
converted to vaporizers for Dowtherm
fluids except under the guidance of the
manufacturer.
The capacities of vaporizers and
heaters range from a few thousand
Btu to over 150 million Btu per hour.
Higher-capacity units can be built;
however, multiple units may be
preferred because of their greater
operating flexibility.
The thermal efficiencies of vaporizers
and heaters for DOWTHERM fluids are
between 65 and 90 percent (based
on the net heating value of the fuel).
Where high efficiencies are desired,
air preheaters must be used. In many
units, convection sections and
economizers, as well as gas-liquid
preheaters, have been employed to
increase heat efficiency.
Vaporizers should be designed to en-
sure adequate circulation of medium
and to prevent stagnant liquid pockets.
A high circulation rate minimizes the
formation of higher-molecular-weight
degradation products. Heater tubes
must be tightly secured to headers and
vaporizer drums. Generally, the tubes
are both expanded and welded into
headers.
Fuel burners on vaporizers are generally
controlled by fuel-throttling valves,
actuated either by the pressure or
liquid heaters are similarly controlled
by the exit temperature of the liquid.
The instruments which regulate fuel
flow may also be used to record the
temperature and pressure of the liquid,
or separate instruments may be
employed. It is important to measure
both temperature and pressure in
vapor systems. If the two do not cor-
respond, it is an immediate indication
that a contaminant is present in the
system.
A temperature indicator should
be installed in the stack to give
an indication of unit efficiency and
to provide a warning of potential
operational problems.
Since heaters and vaporizers for
DOWTHERM heat transfer fluids
incorporate special design features,
they should be purchased only from
manufacturers who are experienced
in designing and constructing them.
Some manufacturers are listed in the
following section. Listed on pages 5
and 6 are manufacturers of heat
exchangers, processing equipment,
and specialized equipment.
Manufacturers of Heaters
and Vaporizers
ABB Lummus Heat Transfer
A Division of ABB Lummus Crest,
Incorporated
Bloomfield, New Jersey
American Econo-Therm Division
Petro-Chem Development Company,
Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma
American Hydrotherm Corporation
New York, New York
American Schack Company,
Incorporated
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Artisan Industries, Incorporated
Waltham, Massachusetts
BS&B Process Systems, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
The Bethlehem Corporation
Process Equipment Group
Easton, Pennsylvania
G. C. Broach Company
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Brown Fired Heater Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
Chromalox
Edwin L. Wiegand Industrial Division,
Emerson Electric Company
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
First Thermal Systems, Incorporated
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Foster Wheeler USA Corporation
Clinton, New Jersey
Fulton Thermal Corporation
Pulaski, New York
Heatec, Incorporated
An ASTEC Company
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Hynes Electric Heating Company
Vaporizers
Subsidiary of INDEECO
St. Louis, Missouri
INDEECO (Industrial Engineering
and Equipment Company)
St. Louis, Missouri
The International Boiler Works
Company
Miami Lakes, Florida
Manning & Lewis Engineering
Company
Union, New Jersey
Petro-Chem Development Company,
Incorporated
New York, New York
Riley Stoker Corporation
Worcester, Massachusetts
Struthers-Wells Corporation
Warren, Pennsylvania
SUPER-TROL Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
Thermoflux, Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Wellman Thermal
Shelbyville, Indiana
Manufacturers of Heat Exchangers
ABB Lummus Heat Transfer
A Division of ABB Lummus Crest,
Incorporated
Bloomfield, New Jersey
American Hydrotherm Corporation
New York, New York
American Schack Company,
Incorporated
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Brown Fired Heater Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
Cherry-Burrell Process
Equipment Division
A United Dominion Company
Louisville, Kentucky
DEC International
Engineered Products Group
Madison, Wisconsin
First Thermal Systems, Incorporated
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Heatec, Incorporated
An ASTEC Company
Chattanooga, Tennessee
ITT Standard
Buffalo, New York
Manning & Lewis Engineering
Company
Union, New Jersey
Pfaudler—U.S., Incorporated
Rochester, New York
Struthers-Wells Corporation
Warren, Pennsylvania
SUPER-TROL Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
Manufacturers of Processing
Equipment
American Econo-Therm Division
Petro-Chem Development Company,
Incorporated
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Artisan Industries, Incorporated
Waltham, Massachusetts
Blaw Knox Food & Chemical
Equipment Company, Incorporated
Buffalo, New York
G. C. Broach Company
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Brown Fired Heater Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
BS&B Process Systems, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Cherry-Burrell Process
Equipment Division
A United Dominion Company
Louisville, Kentucky
The Duriron Company, Incorporated
Pump Division
Valve Division
Dayton, Ohio
First Thermal Systems, Incorporated
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
Foster Wheeler USA Corporation
Clinton, New Jersey
Heatec, Incorporated
An ASTEC Company
Chattanooga, Tennessee
INDEECO (Industrial Engineering
& Equipment Company)
St. Louis, Missouri
Invalco, Incorporated
Division of National Tank Company
Hutchinson, Kansas
Manning & Lewis Engineering
Company
Union, New Jersey
Marine & Petroleum
Manufacturing, Incorporated
Freeport, Texas
Petro-Chem Development
Company, Incorporated
New York, New York
Pfaudler—U.S., Incorporated
Rochester, New York
SUPER-TROL Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
Manufacturers of
Specialized Equipment
ABB Lummus Heat Transfer
A Division of ABB Lummus Crest,
Incorporated
Bloomfield, New Jersey
(Pyrolysis heaters, coking heaters,
visbreaker heaters, VCM heaters, EDC
heaters)
American Hydrotherm Corporation
New York, New York
(Electric and fired heat transfer fluid
systems)
American Schack Company,
Incorporated
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
(Recuperators)
5
 Ametek, Incorporated
Thermox Instruments Division
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
(Combustion air analyzers)
Artisan Industries, Incorporated
Waltham, Massachusetts
(Thin film evaporators, heat ex-
changers, and reactors)
The Bethlehem Corporation
Process Equipment Group
Easton, Pennsylvania
(Indirect heat transfer-dryers)
Blaw Knox Food & Chemical
Equipment Company, Incorporated
Buffalo, New York
(Dryers, flakers, evaporators, reac-
tors)
G. C. Broach Company
Tulsa, Oklahoma
(Waste heat recovery boilers)
Brown Fired Heater Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
(Gas-fired fluid heaters)
Cherry-Burrell Process
Equipment Division
A United Dominion Company
Louisville, Kentucky
(Turba-film evaporators and semi-
continuous deodorizers)
Clark-Reliance Corporation
Cleveland, Ohio
(Level gauges, “water” columns)
Crosby Valve & Gage Company
A Moorco Company
Wrentham, Massachusetts
(JOS/JBS pressure relief valves)
DEC International
Engineered Products Group
Madison, Wisconsin
(Plate- or panel-type coils)
Dickow Pump Company
Marietta, Georgia
(Pumps that require no cooling water
to 750°F)
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
(Cavitation and noise control trim
for control valves, rotary valves)
Heatec, Incorporated
An ASTEC Company
Chattanooga, Tennessee
(Process heaters, jacketed vessels)
6
Hynes Electric Heating Company
Subsidiary of INDEECO
St. Louis, Missouri
(Vaporizers)
INDEECO (Industrial Engineering
& Equipment Company)
St. Louis, Missouri
(Process heaters, electric heaters,
electric heat transfer fluid systems)
Invalco, Incorporated
Division of National Tank Company
Hutchinson, Kansas
(Oil/water analyzers and monitors,
flow instruments and controllers)
The Kontro Company, Incorporated
Orange, Massachusetts
(Magnet drive centrifugal pumps for
heat transfer fluid systems)
Manning & Lewis
Engineering Company
Union, New Jersey
(Scraped-surface heat exchangers)
Masoneilan North America
Dresser Valve and Controls Division,
Dresser Industries, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
(Steam and air regulating valves)
Pfaudler—U.S., Incorporated
Rochester, New York
(Corrosion-resistant glass-lined
reactors and mixing systems)
Spirax Sarco
Allentown, Pennsylvania
(Vapor-operated non-electric pumps)
Struthers-Wells Corporation
Warren, Pennsylvania
(Electric heaters, heat recovery
equipment)
SUPER-TROL Division
Enercon Systems, Incorporated
Elyria, Ohio
(Circulating fluid heat transfer
systems)
Henry Vogt Machine Company
Louisville, Kentucky
(Heat recovery steam generators)
Worcester Controls
Marlborough, Massachusetts
(Block valves, throttling and fugitive
emission valves)
Yarway Corporation
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
(Combination valves: pressure re-
duction and de-superheating. Also
centrifugal pump protection valves)
III. PUMPS
Centrifugal Process Pumps
Heavy-duty, centrifugal process
pumps constructed of cast steel and
designed for operation at high
temperatures are recommended for
DOWTHERM heat transfer media.
Pumps should be equipped with a
good water-cooled stuffing box and
preferably a hard alloy or plated shaft
sleeve. In high-temperature opera-
tion (usually above 350°F or 175°C),
pumps should be equipped with
water-cooled bearings and have
centerline construction rather than
foot mountings. Such construction
allows expansion in all directions,
thus alleviating possible stress on the
shaft and resultant misalignment,
bearing wear, seal failure, and so on.
It is also important that no stress be
transmitted to the pump from the
piping due to change in the tempera-
ture of the system.
It is advisable to protect pumps
against freeze-ups. Pumps using
mechanical seals should be rotated by
hand before power-starting to make
sure seal parts are not frozen in the
medium.
Gear pumps with hardened steel
gears and greater-than-normal
clearances can be used with
DOWTHERM heat transfer media at
lower temperatures. Reciprocating
pumps are not recommended because
DOWTHERM fluids have limited
lubricating properties; metal-to-metal
contact may cause seizing.
Lantern rings are not normally
recommended for use with packed
pumps unless the pumps are operated
with a vacuum on the suction side.
When a lantern ring is used, it is best
connected to a source of cold
medium at atmospheric pressure.
Sufficient static liquid head to pre-
vent cavitation should be maintained
at all times on the suction side of
centrifugal pumps.
Manufacturers of Centrifugal
Process Pumps
Pumps commonly used in systems
utilizing high-temperature
DOWTHERM fluids are manufac-
tured by the following companies:
Buffalo Pumps
An AMPCO-Pittsburgh Company
North Tonawanda, New York
BW/IP International, Incorporated
Pump Division
(Byron Jackson/United Pumps)
Long Beach, California
Dean Pump Division
MET-PRO Corporation
Indianapolis, Indiana
The Duriron Company, Incorporated
Pump Division
Dayton, Ohio
Goulds Pumps, Incorporated
Seneca Falls, New York
Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company
Huntington Park, California
Sundstrand Fluid Handling
Division of Milton Roy Company
Subsidiary of Sundstrand Corporation
Arvada, Colorado
Union Pump Company
Battle Creek, Michigan
Yarway Corporation
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
Canned Motor and
Magnetically Coupled Pumps
These types of pumps are seeing
increased use in DOWTHERM fluid
applications. The rotating parts of
the pump are contained in a thin
welded can rather than using a
mechanical seal or packing. This
helps to eliminate the leak path
associated with packing and me-
chanical seals, and their respective
maintenance. The tradeoff in using
this equipment is that canned and
magnetically coupled pumps are less
efficient than mechanical sealed
pumps. Because of the vulnerability
of the thin can pump housing, leak
detection equipment and secondary
can containment should be consid-
ered. Many manufacturers will
provide this extra protection at
additional cost. In specifying these
pumps, care must be taken to
consider all conditions, from cold
startup to maximum operating
conditions and back down to ambient
temperature. Anticipated temper-
ature swings and higher than normal
temperatures or pressures should also
be taken into consideration.
Manufacturers of Canned Motor
or Magnetically Coupled Pumps
Buffalo Pumps, Incorporated
An AMPCO-Pittsburgh Company
North Tonawanda, New York
BW/IP International, Incorporated
Pump Division
(Byron Jackson/United Pumps)
Long Beach, California
Chempump Division
Crane Company
Warington, Pennsylvania
Dean Pump Division
MET-PRO Corporation
Indianapolis, Indiana
Dickow Pump Company
Marietta, Georgia
The Duriron Company, Incorporated
Pump Division
Dayton, Ohio
The Kontro Company, Incorporated
Orange, Massachusetts
Sundstrand Fluid Handling
Division of Milton Roy Company
Subsidiary of Sundstrand Corporation
Arvada, Colorado
Yarway Corporation
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
Mechanical Seals
Many pumps in service with
DOWTHERM heat transfer fluid have
mechanical seals. Mechanical seals
have wide acceptance for service
with DOWTHERM fluid because of
their superior performance over
packing. Industrial experience
indicates that the metal bellows
seal is preferred over other types.
Mechanical seals, as opposed to
packing, can ensure essentially zero
leakage. This is especially important
for liquid service in poorly ventilated
areas because of the distinctive odor
of the media. Major causes of poor
seal performance include improper
installation, excessive temperature at
the faces, face distortion, and system
contamination. When seals are
installed, strict cleanliness must be
observed. Fingerprints on the seal
face can cause temporary leaks, and
microscopic dust particles can cause
the seal to leak permanently. Ideally,
work should be done with clean
hands, clean equipment, and in a
clean area. Some seal manufacturers
will, upon request, supervise the
installation of their seals.
The design of the pump and of the
mechanical seal is important. The
pump should have a water-cooled
stuffing box, and the seal should have
the proper face surfaces and second-
ary seals to withstand system operat-
ing temperatures. Some seal vendors
recommend water cooling on the seal
gland itself. It is also recommended
that a small stream of fluid from the
discharge of the pump be filtered and
then put into the stuffing box at the
seal surfaces to flush any abrasive
particles away from the seal. This
side stream is often cooled to give
additional cooling at the seal face.
A mechanical seal is a precision-
machined piece of equipment and
should be handled with a great deal
of care and regard for cleanliness
while it is being installed in the pump.
After the seal is properly in place, the
pump should be installed to prevent
any strain from the piping and/or
motor alignment. The most com-
mon cause of such strain is thermal
expansion. This can be alleviated by
including expansion loops, joints, or
flexibly supported piping as long as
these items are subject to a rigorous
maintenance schedule.
7
 A mechanically sealed pump
should be manually operated prior
to startup to ensure a flooded
stuffing box and faces that are free
to rotate. This means that both the
suction and discharge valves should
be opened and the shaft rotated by
hand. To prevent seal problems,
the valve on the discharge line
should be closed when the pump is
started. (The valve on the suction
line should be open.) The pump is
started, then the discharge valve is
opened. For complete instructions,
consult the manufacturer. Proper
maintenance of such a pump
requires that the same degree of
care be taken in its repair as was
taken in its origi-nal design and
installation.
Manufacturers of
Mechanical Seals
BW/IP International Incorporated
Seal Division
Long Beach, California
(Metal bellows seal Types BXRH,
BXH, BRC)
A. W. Chesterton Company
Stoneham, Massachusetts
(Chesterton Style 123, 153, and
155 cartridge seals)
John Crane Incorporated
Morton Grove, Illinois
(John Crane Types 8 and 9, and
Types 315 and 715 seals)
Durametallic Corporation
Kalamazoo, Michigan
(PBR metal bellows DURASEAL®)
EG&G Sealol
Industrial Sealing Division
Cranston, Rhode Island
(Metal bellows seals)
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
(ENVIRO-SEAL™ bellows for
control valves)
Worcester Controls
Marlborough, Massachusetts
(TEFLON®, PEEK, metal)
8
Packing
Aluminum packing and flexible
graphite packing are used for pump
stuffing boxes. To ensure proper
instal-lation, a good hardened shaft
or shaft sleeve with a Brinell
hardness of 600 or greater, a good
stuffing box, careful packing or
installation, and careful take-up
of the packing gland are of prime
importance.
Considerable care is required with
metallic foil packing. It is relatively
inflexible and, if handled improp-
erly, may bind in the box. The rings
should therefore be die-cut to the
size of the stuffing box and each
one carefully tamped in place
before the next is added. Because
packing material is always being
improved, it is suggested that the
pump manufacturer be contacted
periodically regarding possible new
materials. Use flexible graphite
packing for valves.
Lubricants should never be used on
packing for stuffing boxes. Lubricants
are soluble in DOWTHERM fluid and
have much lower thermal stabilities.
As a result, they will act as contami-
nants and may cause difficulty by
decomposing in the system. Stuffing
box and bearing fluid cooling are
recommended.
Manufacturers of Packing
Packing made by the following
manufacturers is presently utilized
in systems using DOWTHERM fluids:
JM Clipper Corporation
Denver, Colorado
(J-M 395 aluminum)
John Crane Incorporated
Morton Grove, Illinois
(Styles 100 and 124—aluminum)
Durametallic Corporation
Kalamazoo, Michigan
(D-10 aluminum)
Flexitallic, Incorporated
Pennsauken, New Jersey
(FLEXICARB® flexible graphite
packing)
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
(ENVIRO-SEAL™ packing systems
for fugitive emissions control)
UCAR Carbon Company,
Incorporated
Cleveland, Ohio
(GRAFOIL® flexible graphite
packing Grade GT2)
Worcester Controls
Marlborough, Massachusetts
(TEFLON®, graphite)
Expansion Joints
The following measures should be
considered to relieve stress in piping
due to high-temperature expansion.
1. Steel pipe expansion loops or
steel pipe “U” bends
2. Bellows-type expansion joints
3. High-temperature flexible
metal hose
These items should only be used if
they are subject to a rigorous mainte-
nance schedule. Steel pipe “U” bends
or loops are the most common means
of relieving stress.
There are many successful applica-
tions using stainless steel alloy
expansion joints in industrial heat
transfer systems when these items are
subject to a rigorous maintenance
schedule. However, on occasion,
austenitic stainless steel bellows joints
have failed due to contamination of
the fluid with inorganic chloride
ions. This contamination has
resulted in stress-corrosion cracking.
Failure has also occurred from
improper installation. If experience
indicates stress-corrosion cracking to
be a problem, a steel pipe loop or “U”
bend should be utilized. If that is not
feasible, a bellows-type expansion
joint made of an alloy such as
Inconel 600 or Monel 400 should be
used. If a bellows expansion joint is
considered, the recommendation of
the manufacturer should be obtained.
Figure 1 illustrates the piping arrange-
ment of a pump for DOWTHERM fluid.
Figure 1— Piping of Pump for DOWTHERM Heat Transfer Fluid
1. Support discharge line to relieve pump of
thermal and mechanical strains, providing
adjustment for gasket replacement.
2. Drain or sample valve.
3. Shutoff valve.
4. Check valve.
5. Pressure gauge.
6. Vent and drain plugs in casing.
7. Coupling guard.
8. Lubrication and vent.
9. Stuffing box coolant (normally water).
10. Needle valve.
11. Filter.
12. Cooler.
13. Flow indicator.
14. Temperature indicator. (Normal
operation, 250°F, maximum.)
15. Mechanical seal coolant (DOWTHERM
medium) and flush-through stuffing box.
16. Bearing cooling (normally water).
17. Drain.
18. At least two pipe diameters to
straighten out flow.
19. Flexible connection or expansion joints
to prevent thermal strains in piping
from being transmitted to pump. These
expansion bellows must be restrained to
prevent thrust from the fluid pressure on
the pump casing.
20. If reduction is necessary on the suction,
an eccentric reducer should be used with
the top side horizontal.
21. Allow space all around for servicing
gland or seal, coupling, and motor.
9
 IV. INSTRUMENTS
Instrumentation
and Controls
In general, industrial type instru-
ments and automatic controls are
entirely satisfactory for use with
DOWTHERM heat transfer fluid
providing the following recommen-
dations are observed. Copper or
copper alloys should not be used
with DOWTHERM fluid in pressure
vessels operating above 400°F. If
copper is required for processing
reasons, only knowledgeable
equipment vendors should be
contacted.
Temperature Instruments
and Controllers
Industrial-type temperature instru-
ments such as bimetallic thermom-
eters; remote bulb, capillary or
potentiometer-type temperature
indicators; recorders and/or con-
trollers are entirely satisfactory for
measuring the temperature of a
medium in either the liquid or
vapor state. However, the instru-
ment must have a suitable range
and the sensing element (bulb or
thermocouple) must be installed in
a suitable thermowell.
10
Flow Instruments
and Controllers
The flow of DOWTHERM fluid,
either liquid or vapor phase, can be
measured satisfactorily by using a
conventional orifice installed in a
suitable meter run. The differential
measuring device may be a dia-
phragm- or bellows-type device
that operates a conventional
indicator, recording pen, or trans-
mitter for remote recording or
indication. The vapor phase should
be treated similarly to steam.
Variable area-type metering devices
are also satisfactory, provided they
are of all-steel construction with
ANSI flanged connections and are
suitable for the high temperatures
involved. Glass metering or indi-
cating tubes must not be used.
Suppliers for Flow Instruments
and Controllers
Invalco, Incorporated
Division of National Tank Com-
pany
Hutchinson, Kansas
Micro Motion
Boulder, Colorado
Automatic Control Valves
Air-operated diaphragm control
valves with steel bodies and
stainless steel trim are generally
used with DOWTHERM fluids.
Flexible graphite, mica graphite, or
aluminum can be used for packing.
The use of a valve positioner is
recommended for precise control.
Generally, control valves should
not be depended upon for positive
shutoff. Such valves are generally
designed with line contact between
the plug and the seat and may not
exert enough pressure on the stem
to seal against scale or other solids.
Control valves are usually installed
with a bypass around them. The
bypass includes manually operated
shutoff valves that will provide
tight shutoff when necessary.
The following companies have
furnished automatic control valves
for service with DOWTHERM fluids.
Manufacturers of Automatic
Control Valves
BS&B Process Systems,
Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Conbraco Industries, Incorpo-
rated
Monroe, North Carolina
The Duriron Company,
Incorporated
Valve Division
Dayton, Ohio
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
The Foxboro Company
Foxboro, Massachusetts
Kitz Corporation of America
Subsidiary of Kitz
Corporation of Japan
Houston, Texas
Richard Klinger, Incorporated
Sidney, Ohio
Masoneilan North America
Dresser Valve & Controls Division
Dresser Industries, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Yarway Corporation
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
Pressure Gauges
and Controllers
Conventional Bourdon- or diaphragm-
type pressure gauges and switches
are suitable provided that all parts
in contact with DOWTHERM fluid
are of ferrous construction. All
gauges and switches should be
equipped with a loop to seal the
Bourdon element or the diaphragm
from high-temperature liquid or
vapor.
Bourdon-type units are suitable
for indoor installations where
temperatures are sufficiently high
to prevent freezing of medium
in the tube. For outside and low-
temperature installations, the
diaphragm type is recommended
because of the ease with which the
diaphragm housing can be heated.
The freezing point of the fluid plus
the aforementioned considerations
will dictate which type of control is
necessary.
Manufacturers of
Gauges or Controllers
Ametek, Incorporated
U.S. Gauge Division
Sellersville, Pennsylvania
Dwyer Instruments, Incorporated
Michigan City, Indiana
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
The Foxboro Company
Foxboro, Massachusetts
Masoneilan North America
Dresser Valve and Controls Divi-
sion
Dresser Industries, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Level Controllers
and Switches
Two general types of level control-
lers are used: differential pressure
(DP) cells or float-type controllers.
When DP cells are used, the vapor
leg is back-filled with the working
fluid.
Float or displacer type controllers
and switches have movement
generated by means of a torque
tube, permanent magnet, or
electrical inductance and by
operating a pneumatic pilot or
electrical contact. No packing
gland of any type should be used.
The float chamber should be of
steel with ANSI flanged connec-
tions and designed to permit
removal of the float for periodic
inspection and cleaning.
Considerable care should be used
in selecting units that are to be
operated over a wide range of
temperatures. DOWTHERM fluids
have rather high coefficients of
expansion; consequently, a float
that is buoyant at low temperatures
may sink at high temperatures. It is
suggested that the float be of such
buoyancy and shape to float high in
the liquid at low temperatures and,
as the density of the liquid de-
creases, to become considerably
more immersed.
Manufacturers of
Level Controllers
Clark-Reliance Corporation
Cleveland, Ohio
Dwyer Instruments, Incorporated
Michigan City, Indiana
Fisher Controls International,
Incorporated
Marshalltown, Iowa
The Foxboro Company
Foxboro, Massachusetts
Invalco, Incorporated
Division of National Tank Company
Hutchinson, Kansas
Magnetrol International
Downers Grove, Illinois
Masoneilan North America
Dresser Valve & Controls Division
Dresser Industries, Incorporated
Houston, Texas
Yarway Corporation
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
Level Gauges
A magnetic-type level gauge with
a spiral-wound gasket of metal and
graphite, or a flexible graphite
gasket, is recommended. Gaskets
should not be made of rubber due
to the high temperatures at which
units are operated. Level gauges are
available from Clark-Reliance
Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio.
11
 V. MISCELLANEOUS
EQUIPMENT
Many manufacturers of miscellaneous
equipment are familiar with
DOWTHERM fluids. These manu-
facturers will be in a position to
recommend the product best suited
for your application, based on good
operating experience. If you have
questions regarding the use of any
equipment in a system utilizing
DOWTHERM fluids, contact your
Dow Thermal Fluids technical
representative or call 1-800-447-
4369 and ask for DOWTHERM heat
transfer fluids.
Safety Valves
Safety or relief valves have been
specially designed and rated for
service with DOWTHERM fluids.
Manufacturers of Safety
or Relief Valves
Conbraco Industries, Incorporated
Monroe, North Carolina
Crosby Valve & Gage Company
A Moorco Company
Wrentham, Massachusetts
Dresser Industries, Incorporated
Industrial Valve Operation
Alexandria, Louisiana
Invalco, Incorporated
Division of National Tank Company
Hutchinson, Kansas
Teledyne Farris Engineering
Palisades Park, New Jersey
When safety valves are ordered, be
certain to specify that they are for
service with DOWTHERM fluid.
12
Traps
Systems using DOWTHERM fluid in
vapor form may require specially
designed condensate traps. When
traps are to be used, the manufac-
turer should be informed that they
are for service with DOWTHERM
fluid. This is necessary because the
mechanical traps used with steam
normally operate with a pressure
difference greater than those used
in a system with DOWTHERM fluids.
Manufacturers of Traps
Armstrong International,
Incorporated
Three Rivers, Michigan
Clark-Reliance Corporation
Cleveland, Ohio
Spirax Sarco
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Yarway Corporation
Blue Bell, Pennsylvania
Tanks and Jacketed Vessels
Tanks and jacketed vessels for
DOWTHERM fluid are of welded
construction. They should conform
to local regulatory codes and
ASME codes where applicable.
Surge (expansion) tanks should be
capable of withstanding elevated
pressures.
Storage tanks should be provided
with a fill connection so that drums
and/or bulk medium can be conve-
niently emptied.
Purification Units
Solid contaminants and high-
boiling materials may be removed
from DOWTHERM A, DOWTHERM J,
DOWTHERM LF, and DOWTHERM Q
heat transfer fluids by simple
vaporization. Figure 2 shows a
purification unit for manual opera-
tion; units for automatic operation
are also available.
Insulation
Two types of insulation, closed-cell
and open-cell, are currently used
for high-temperature applications
(up to 800°F) with DOWTHERM
fluids.
Closed-cell insulation is recom-
mended where there is a possibility
it may come in contact with a heat
transfer fluid, especially at elevated
temperatures. When organic fluids
come into contact with open-cell
insulation, they may oxidize and
heat the insulation to above the
fluid’s autoignition temperature.
Open-cell insulation can be used
for long runs of pipe where there
are no fittings, make-and-break
joints, or other potential sources of
fluid leakage and insulation con-
tamination. For covering flanges or
other connections that may leak,
the closed-cell material should be
considered. Both can be used on
the same pipe, but a metal stop ring
or collar designed to stop the flow
of any leakage to the open-cell
material should be employed. The
insulation should be covered by
weatherproof jacketing and mastic,
or a protective metal jacket.
In all cases, the insulation manu-
facturer should be consulted for
application and installation details.
Manufacturers of Insulation
Acceptable calcium silicate base
(asbestos-free) insulation can be
obtained from the following com-
panies:
Owens-Corning Fiberglas
Toledo, Ohio
(KAYLO® calcium silicate-base
insulation, Fiberglas® SSL-II® pipe
insulation with DOUBLESURE
Closure System)
Schuller International, Inc.
Mechanical Insulation Division
Denver, Colorado
(THERMO-12® Gold calcium
silicate-base insulation and
MICRO-LOK® fiberglass insulation)
The only known acceptable closed-
cell material is FOAMGLAS®
cellular glass insulation, made by
the Pittsburgh Corning Corpora-
tion, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Figure 2 — Typical System for Purifying DOWTHERM Heat Transfer Fluids by Vaporization
Air- or Water-Cooled
Condenser
Purified DOWTHERM Fluid
(Return to System)
Sight Gauge
(Optional)
Flexible graphite insulation is
available from UCAR Carbon
Company, Incorporated, Cleve-
land, Ohio (GRAFOIL® Grade
GHM flexible graphite insulation).
Filters
If solid particles such as scale or
hard insoluble carbonaceous
materials are present in the
pumped fluid, they may cause:
1. Erosion of piping or equipment
at high velocity.
2. Scouring of mechanical seals
in pumps.
3. Scouring of rotating pump shafts
and/or bearings.
4. Plugging of instrument lines and
drains on piping systems.
An investigation should be made
to determine whether filtering will
remove these solid contaminants.
In
Drain
Drain
(Residue)
The following filter manufacturers
can be contacted for possible
solutions to the problem. To make a
recommendation, filter manufactur-
ers typically need to know the
operating temperature, type of
fluid, pressure, type of material to
be removed, amount of material to
be removed, and typical particle
size.
Manufacturers of Filters
Cuno, Incorporated
Meriden, Connecticut
Memcor Power Generation Division
Memtec America Corporation
Timonium, Maryland
Pall Process Filtration Company
A Division of Pall Corporation
East Hills, New York
Parker Hannifin Corporation
Commercial Filters Division
Lebanon, Indiana
Relief
DOWTHERM Fluid
to Be Purified
Hot DOWTHERM Fluid
for Heating
Condensate or Hot Liquid
DOWTHERM Fluid
(Return to System)
13
 VI. PIPING SPECIFICATIONS
The following piping specifications
have been developed by The Dow
Chemical Company for use in
processes within our own produc-
tion facilities. They are the product
of extensive Dow experience in the
design and operation of heat
transfer systems, as well as in the
development of heat transfer fluids
for a broad range of applications
and process conditions. These
specifications are suitable for most
applications. However, particular
processes may require special
hardware or fabrication. Consult
with component suppliers and
system engineers to ensure the
suitability of these specifications
for your process.
The specifications in this bulletin
are rated for service at 150 psig at
750°F. This rating applies to
systems utilizing DOWTHERM A,
DOWTHERM G, DOWTHERM HT,
DOWTHERM LF, DOWTHERM J,
and DOWTHERM Q organic heat
transfer fluids. For complete
product information and engineer-
ing properties for these DOWTHERM
fluids, call 1-800-447-4369. Note:
For systems operating in a tem-
perature range of -100°F to 500°F,
other types of flanges and gaskets
may be acceptable. Please consult
our liter-ature for cryogenic appli-
cations, form numbers 176-01457
and 176-01458, or call 1-800-447-
4369 for additional information.
General Specification
Notes and Special
Instructions
Dow recommends that the piping
in the following specifications be
welded and/or flanged. This
includes the first block valve off
the line in instrument piping, as
well as all vent and drain valves.
14
When welding, all butt welds
should be tig-root with a shielded
metal arc cover. Also, random
radiograph welds should comply
with ANSI B31.3, paragraph
341.5.1, subparagraphs (b), (c),
and (d).
The preferred flange surface finish
for use with spiral gaskets is 125 to
250 rms. As an alternative to
purchasing special flanges, machine
standard flanges to meet surface
finish requirements.
Do not use aluminum paint on
valves or fittings in the heat
transfer system.
Pipe
Standard schedule 40 seamless steel
pipe is recommended for all lines
that are welded. Where screwed
fittings are desired, pipe sizes 11/2"
or smaller in diameter should be
composed of schedule 80 pipe.
Tapered thread connections are
satisfactory for pipes 11/2" or less in
diameter, provided the threads are
cut true to gauge with a sharp,
clean die. The threads should be
washed with a good solvent, and a
pipe thread sealant should be used
in assembly.
All larger-size connections should
be welded wherever possible;
smaller lines may be bent to avoid
the use of fittings.
Under no circumstances should a
pipe joint sealant be relied upon to
make a good joint out of a poor
one.
1
/2" through 1": ASTM A-106
GR B, extra-strong seamless steel
pipe.
11/2" and larger: ASTM A-106
GR B, standard-weight seamless
steel pipe.
Pipe Fittings
Tubing — 3/8" x .049" minimum:
Soft annealed seamless carbon steel
mechanical tubing, ASTM A-519
GR 1020 or GR 1025, maximum
hardness RB 72, hot finished,
pickled and oiled, suitable for
bending and flaring.
Tubing — 1/2" x .065" minimum:
Soft annealed seamless carbon steel
mechanical tubing, ASTM A-519
GR 1020 or GR 1026, maximum
hardness RB 72, hot finished,
pickled and oiled, suitable for
bending and flaring.
Tubing — 3/4" x .083" minimum:
Soft annealed seamless carbon steel
mechanical tubing, ASTM A-519
GR 1020 or GR 1026, maximum
hardness RB 72, hot finished,
pickled and oiled, suitable for
bending and flaring.
Tubing — 1" x .095" minimum:
Soft annealed seamless carbon steel
mechanical tubing, ASTM A-519
GR 1020 or GR 1026, maximum
hardness RB 72, hot finished,
pickled and oiled, suitable for
bending and flaring.
Elbows, Tees — 3/8" through 1":
Carbon steel Parker CPI, Swagelok,
or Gyrolock tube fittings and
adapters, or silver solder joints.
Elbows, Tees, Reducers — 1/2"
through 1": 3,000-lb socket
welding forged steel fittings,
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.
Elbows, Tees, Crosses, Reducers
—11/2" and up: Standard weight
seamless steel welding fittings,
ASTM A-234 GR WPB, ANSI
B16.9
Pipe Caps — 1/2" through 1":
3,000-lb socket welding forged steel
cap, ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.
Pipe Caps — 11/2" and up:
Standard-weight seamless steel
welding cap, ASTM A-234 GR
WPB, ANSI B16.9.
Couplings — 1/2" through 1":
3,000-lb socket welding forged steel
coupling, ASTM A-105, ANSI
B16.11.
Couplings — 1/2" through 1":
3,000-lb forged steel Sockolet
fitting.
Couplings: — 11/2" and up:
Standard-weight steel Weldolet
fitting, ASTM A-105.
Unions — 1/2" through 1":
3,000-lb socket welding Nicholson
(Flexitallic) union, carbon steel
body, stainless steel-graphite/mica
gasket, AAR dimensions;
Nicholson 3000-SUA-W.
Flanges and Gaskets
Where make-and-break joints are
necessary, use ANSI 1/16-inch
raised-face flanges. Flanges within a
finish of 125 to 250 microinches
are generally used. Flange surfaces
must be free from nicks, dents, and
scratches, as these may cause the
joint to leak.
Spiral-wound, stainless steel and
flexible graphite gaskets are gener-
ally used with DOWTHERM fluid on
300-lb flanges. Any time a joint is
taken apart and put back together,
the gasket must be replaced with a
new one.
The temperature and pressure
ratings for ANSI flanges are given
in Tables 1 and 2, pages 16 and 17.
The rating used should match the
temperature and pressure setting of
the safety valve.
Raised face — 1/2" and up: 300-lb.
raised face welding neck flange,
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.5, bore
to match pipe.
Raised face, blind 1/2" and up: Flange Bolts, Studs,
300-lb raised face blind flange, and Nuts
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.5.
For spiral-wound gasket with
carbon steel outer compression ASTM A-193 GR B7 liquid
quenched and tempered alloy steel
gage ring, 316 stainless steel and
graphite windings and 316 stainless stud bolts with ASTM A-194 GR
2H heavy hex huts.
steel inner ring, i.d. same as SCH
5S pipe.
Joint (Thread) Compounds
Gasket sealants are sometimes
employed to improve the sealing
characteristics in a flanged connec- Tubing: Solders melting at or
tion. Where used, care should be above 1,100°F.
taken to avoid contaminating the
NPT Tube Fitting: Permatex No. 2
inside of the pipeline with the thread compound.
sealant.
Bolt Lubricants
Manufacturers of Gaskets
John Crane Incorporated
MOLY-LIT or FEL PRO C-100
Morton Grove, Illinois
(CRANE-FOIL® gaskets)
Manufacturers of Pipe Joint
Flexitallic, Incorporated Sealants/Lubricants
Pennsauken, New Jersey
(Spiral-wound stainless steel, and Permatex Industrial Corporation
FLEXICARB® flexible graphite Newington, Connecticut
(Pipe joint compound, thread
gaskets; GRAFOIL® gaskets and
gasket materials) sealant with TEFLON®, -60 to 350°F)
The Swagelok Companies
Furon Company
Solon, Ohio
FlexSeal® Division
(SILVER GOOP®)
Houston, Texas
(FlexSeal® metallic and non- UCAR Carbon Company,
metallic static seals) Incorporated
Lamons Gasket Company Cleveland, Ohio
Houston, Texas (GRAFOIL® Grade GTS Thread
(SPIRALSEAL® spiral-wound Sealant Paste)
gaskets)
Marine & Petroleum
Manufacturing, Incorporated
Freeport, Texas
(GRAPHONIC® Gaskets)
Pfaudler—U.S., Incorporated
Rochester, New York
(Complete line of multi-purpose
gaskets)
UCAR Carbon Company,
Incorporated
Cleveland, Ohio
(GRAFOIL® Grades GHR and
GHE gasket laminate material)
15
 Table 1 — Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ANSI 150 Pound Flanges1,2
Pressures are in psig Class 150

Material
Group No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.10 1.13 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Carbon Steel Alloy Steels Austenitic Steels

1/2 Cr- 1Cr Type

1/2 Mo 1/2Mo 304L Types
Temp. C- Ni- Cr- 11/4 Cr- 21/4 Cr- 5Cr- 9 Cr- Type Type Type Type 347, Type Type
°F Carbon Steel 1/2Mo Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 304 316 316L 321 348 309 310

-20 to 100 285 290 265 235 265 290 290 290 290 290 275 275 230 275 275 260 260
200 260 260 250 215 260 260 260 260 260 260 235 240 195 235 245 230 230
300 230 230 230 210 230 230 230 230 230 230 205 215 175 210 225 220 220

400 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 180 195 160 190 200 200 200
500 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 145 170 170 170 170
600 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140

650 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125
700 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110
750 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95

800 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
850 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65
900 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 — 50 50 50 50

950 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 — 35 35 35 35
1000 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 — 20 20 20 20

1Ratings
based on all flange facings other than ring joints, with provision that gasket material and dimensions conform to ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code
recommendations which are generally accepted as standard in the trade.
2Tableextracted from American Standard Steel Pipe Flanges Fittings (ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988) with permission of the publisher, The American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St., New York, New York 10017.

16
Table 2 — Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ANSI 300 Pound Flanges1,2
Pressures are in psig Class 300

Material
Group No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.10 1.13 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Carbon Steel Alloy Steels Austenitic Steels

1/2Cr- 1Cr Type

1/2Mo 1/2Mo 304L Types
Temp. C- Ni-Cr- 11/4 Cr- 21/4 Cr- 5Cr- 9Cr- Type Type Type Type 347, Type Type
°F Carbon Steel 1/2Mo Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 1/2Mo 1Mo 304 316 316L 321 348 309 310

-20 to 100 740 750 695 620 695 750 750 750 750 750 720 720 600 720 720 670 670
200 675 750 655 560 680 750 710 715 750 750 600 620 505 610 635 605 605
300 655 730 640 550 655 730 675 675 730 730 530 560 455 545 590 570 570

400 635 705 620 530 640 705 660 650 705 705 470 515 415 495 555 535 535
500 600 665 585 500 620 665 640 640 665 665 435 480 380 460 520 505 505
600 550 605 535 455 605 605 605 605 605 605 415 450 360 435 490 480 480

650 535 590 525 450 590 590 590 590 590 590 410 445 350 430 480 465 465
700 535 570 520 450 570 570 570 570 570 570 405 430 345 420 470 455 455
750 505 505 475 445 530 530 530 530 530 530 400 425 335 415 460 445 445

800 410 410 390 370 510 510 510 510 510 410 395 415 330 415 455 435 435
850 270 270 270 270 485 485 485 485 440 485 390 405 320 410 445 425 425
900 170 170 170 170 450 450 450 450 355 450 385 395 — 405 430 415 415

950 105 105 105 105 280 345 380 380 260 370 375 385 — 385 385 385 385
1000 50 50 50 50 165 215 225 270 190 290 325 365 — 355 365 335 350
1050 — — — — — 190 140 200 140 190 310 360 — 345 360 290 335

1100 — — — — — — 95 115 105 115 260 325 — 300 325 225 290
1150 — — — — — — 50 105 70 75 195 275 — 235 275 170 245
1200 — — — — — — 35 55 45 50 155 205 — 180 170 130 205

1250 — — — — — — — — — — 110 180 — 140 125 100 160

1300 — — — — — — — — — — 85 140 — 105 95 80 120
1350 — — — — — — — — — — 60 105 — 80 70 60 80

1400 — — — — — — — — — — 50 75 — 60 50 45 55
1450 — — — — — — — — — — 35 60 — 50 40 30 40
1500 — — — — — — — — — — 25 40 — 40 35 25 25

1Ratings
based on all flange facings other than ring joints, with provision that gasket material and dimensions conform to ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code
recommendations which are generally accepted as standard in the trade.
2Tableextracted from American Standard Steel Pipe Flanges Fittings (ASME/ANSI B16.5-1988) with permission of the publisher, The American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St., New York, New York 10017.

17
 Instrumentation Piping
Instrument piping is defined as the
piping from the first block valve
off the heat transfer fluid line
(not including the valve) to the
instrument. Welded instrument
piping is preferred. Use threaded
piping only for heat transfer fluid
instrumentation in this specifica-
tion. For items not listed here, the
preceding piping specifications
should be used where applicable.
Pipe fittings (elbows, tees,
crosses, reducers) 1/2" thru 1":
3000-lb threaded forged steel fittings,
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11
Pipe caps 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb
threaded forged steel cap, ASTM
A-105, ANSI B16.11.
Pipe caps 1/2" thru 1": Threaded
solid steel hex bull plug, ASTM
A-696 GR B or C barstock, Norris.
Couplings 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb
threaded forged steel coupling,
ASTM A-105, ANSI B16.11.
Couplings 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb
threaded forged steel Threadolet
fitting, ASTM A-105.
Unions 1/2" thru 1": 3000-lb
threaded Nicholson (Flexitallic)
union, carbon steel body, stainless
steel-graphite/mica gasket, AAR
dimensions; Nicholson 3000-SUA-T.
Reducers 1/2" thru 1": Extra-
strong steel swaged nipple, ASTM
A-106 or A-53 GR B, or ASTM A-
696 GR B or C barstock, threaded
both ends.
Pipe Nipples 1/2" thru 1": ASTM
A-106 GR B, extra-strong seamless
steel pipe nipple, threaded. Closed
nipples shall not be used.
Thread Compound: Permatex No.
2 thread compound.
18
Cleaning Procedures: Wire brush Shutoff and
to clean threads. Apply joint Throttling Valves
compound. Avoid using chlori-
nated cleaning solvents.
Steel valves with high-temperature
Gate Valves for flexible graphite packing are
Instrument Lines recommended for use with
DOWTHERM fluids. Valves that
utilize metal bellows primary seals
Valves 1/2" thru 1": 800-lb forged with high-temperature secondary
steel screwed gate. 800-lb at 850°F, packing may provide extra protec-
forged carbon steel body and tion and service with DOWTHERM
bonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F. fluids. Brass valves should be
seat rings, solid wedge, rising stem, avoided because of ANSI Code
OS&Y, welded bonnet, conven- temperature limitations.
tional port.
All socket weld valves that termi-
Gate Valves for Instrument Lines nate a line should have a threaded
nipple welded into the valve and
Manufac- Part
turer Number Size
be capped.
1
Pack valves with Union Carbide
Anvil Fig. 825 /4"– 2"
Grafoil high-temperature packing
Smith 870-00000 1
/4"– 2" using the following system:
Vogt 2801 1
/4"– 2" Bottom — One ring of John Crane
1625G braided graphite filament,
or equivalent.
Methods of Making Middle — Union Carbide GTK die-
Branch Connections formed Grafoil rings with passive
inhibitor, or equivalent.
1
/2" thru 1": For socket welding Top — One ring of John Crane
piping, use straight size or reducing 1625G, or equivalent.
tee. Reducer insert may be used in
place of reducing tee. Tight Shutoff Valves
1
/2" thru 1": For socket welding
branch connections for welded 2" and up: 300-lb ANSI flanged
piping, use Sockolet welded to rising stem ball valve. Carbon steel
header. body, nickel faced ball, stainless
11/2" and up: For welded piping, steel tube insert, ASTM A-193 B7
use straight size or reducing tee. bolting.
Weldolet may be used in place of 2" and Up 300-lb ANSI Flanged
reducing tee when branch is Rising Stem Ball Valve
smaller than header.
Manufac- Part
turer Number Size
Orbit 1233H8 2" – 20"
Regular Port
Globe Valves Gate Valves Check Valves

1 1
/2" thru 1": 800-lb forged steel /2" thru 1": 800-lb forged steel Check valves in systems using
socket weld globe. 800-lb at 850°F, socket weld gate. 800-lb at 850°F, DOWTHERM fluid cannot be relied
forged carbon steel body and forged carbon steel body and upon for positive seal, and where
bonnet, 13% chrome stainless steel bonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F. necessary, should be supplemented
trim, loose threaded disc, OS&Y, seat rings, solid wedge, rising stem, with shutoff valves. Where check
welded bonnet. OS&Y, welded bonnet, conven- valves are used in condensate
1 tional port. return lines, they should not be
/2"–1": 800-lb Forged Steel
1 spring-loaded. Satisfactory check
Socket Weld Globe Valves /2"–1": 800-lb Forged Steel
valves are available from the
Socket Weld Gate Valves
Manufac- Part suppliers of shutoff and throttling
turer Number Size Manufac- Part valves.
turer Number Size 1
Anvil Fig. 860 1
/4"– 2" /2" thru 1": 800-lb F.S. socket
1
Anvil Fig. 825 1
/4"– 2" weld swing check. 800-lb at 825°F,
Smith G87-0000W /4"– 2"
1
2000-lb at 100°F, body forged steel
Smith 870-0000W /4"– 2"
Vogt SW2821 1
/4"– 2" ASTM A-105, 13% chrome to H.F.
Vogt SW-2801 1
/4"– 2" seat and disc, integral cover.
1
1
/2" thru 11/2": 300-lb forged Bonney Forge WL-11-SW 1
/4"– 2" /2"–1": 800-lb F.S. Socket Weld
steel flanged globe. 300-lb. at 1
Swing Check Valves
Velan W-2054W-02TY /4"– 2"
800°F, 740-lb at 100°F, forged steel Manufac- Part
body and bonnet, 13% chrome turer Number Size
1
trim, H.F. seat, rising stem, OS&Y, /2" thru 11/2": 300-lb forged
1
loose disc, bolted bonnet. steel flanged gate. 300-lb at 800°F, Anvil Fig. SW847 /2"– 2"
1 740-lb at 100°F, forged steel body Vogt SWS74 1
/2"– 2"
/2"– 11/2": 300-lb Forged Steel
and bonnet, 13% chrome trim, H.F.
Flanged Globe Valves
seat rings, solid wedge, rising stem,
Manufac- Part OS&Y, bolted bonnet. 1" and up: 300-lb C.S. flanged
turer Number Size 1
swing check. 300-lb at 800°F, 740-
/2"– 11/2" 300-lb Forged Steel lb at 100°F, cast carbon steel body,
Smith G83-00060 1
/2"– 2" Flanged Gate Valves 13% chrome to H.F. disc and seat,
Anvil Fig. 332 1
/2"– 2" Manufac- Part bolted cover, raised face flanges.
turer Number Size
Velan F-1074-B-DZTY 1
/2"– 2" 1" and Up 300-lb C.S. Flanged
Anvil Fig. 321 1
/2"– 2" Swing Check Valves
2" and up: 300-lb cast carbon steel Smith 830 1
/2"– 2" Manufac- Part
turer Number Size
flanged globe. 300-lb at 750°F, Vogt 363 1
/2"– 2"
carbon steel body, 13% chrome Kitz 300 SCOB 2"– 24"
1
alloy stem and disc, nickel alloy Velan 1054B-02TY /2"– 2"
seat rings, rising stem, OS&Y, Newco 33F-CB2 2"– 24"
bolted bonnet. Velan F-101114C-02TY 2"– 24"
2" and up: 300-lb carbon steel
2" and Up 300-lb Cast Carbon flanged gate. 300-lb at 800°F, 600-
Steel Flanged Globe Valves lb at 100°F, carbon steel body, 13%
chrome trim, H.F. seat rings,
Manufac- Part
turer Number Size
flexible wedge, rising stem, OS&Y,
bolted bonnet.
Kitz 300 SCJB 2"– 12"
2" and Up 300-lb Carbon Steel
Newco 23F-CB2 2"– 12" Flanged Gate Valves
Velan F-174B-2T 2"– 12" Manufac- Part
turer Number Size

Kitz K300-SCLSF 2"– 24"

Newco 13F-CB2 2"– 24"

Velan F-1064C-02TY 2"– 24"

19
 Table 3— Manufacturers of Shutoff and Throttling Valves1

Type of Valve

Company Ball Bellows Butterfly Check Control Gate Globe Plug

Anvil ■ ■ ■
Bonney Forge Corp. ■ ■ ■
BS&B Process Systems, Inc. ■
Conbraco Industries, Inc. ■

Crane Valves ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Dresser Industries, Inc. ■ ■ ■
Duriron Co./Valve Div. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Dwyer Instruments, Inc. ■

EG&G Sealol Eagle Valve ■

Fisher Controls Int’l., Inc. ■ ■ ■
Foxboro Company ■
Invalco, Inc. ■ ■

Kerotest Mfg. Co. ■

Kitz Corp of America ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Richard Klinger, Inc. ■ ■
The Luckenheimer Co. ■ ■ ■ ■

Masoneilan/Dresser ■ ■ ■ ■
Newco ■ ■
Nibco, Incorporated ■
Orbit ■

The William Powell Co. ■ ■ ■

Smith Valve Corp. ■ ■ ■ ■
Stockham Valve & Fittings, Inc. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Vanessa Valve Corp ■ ■

Velan Valve Corp. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Henry Vogt Machine Co. ■ ■ ■ ■
Yarway Corp. ■ ■ ■

1 Table 3 is presented for reference only. This listing does not imply that a particular manufacturer and/or valve are a part of Dow’s piping specifications, nor does
the listing of a manufacturer imply approval or recommendation by Dow of any manufacturer to the exclusion of others that may produce a suitable product.

20
VII. INDEX TO SUPPLIERS

Company Page(s)

ABB Lummus Heat Transfer .............................................................. 3, 4, 5

American Econo-Therm Division ..................................................... 3, 4, 5
American Hydrotherm Corporation .................................................. 3, 4, 5
American Schack Company, Incorporated ....................................... 3, 4, 5
Ametek, Incorporated, Thermox Instruments Division ........................... 6
Ametek, Incorporated, U.S. Gauge Division .......................................... 11
Anvil............................................................................................. 18, 19, 20
Armstrong International, Incorporated ................................................... 12
Artisan Industries, Incorporated .................................................... 3, 4, 5, 6
Bechtel Group, Incorporated ..................................................................... 3
The Bethlehem Corporation, Process Equipment Group ..................... 4, 6
Blaw Knox Food & Chemical Equipment Company, Incorporated ..... 5, 6
Bonney Forge Corporation................................................................. 19, 20
G. C. Broach Company ...................................................................... 4, 5, 6
John Brown E&C, Incorporated ................................................................ 3
Brown Fired Heater Division ................................................................. 5, 6
Brown & Root, Inc. .................................................................................... 3
BS&B Process Systems, Incorporated .................................... 3, 4, 5, 10, 20
Buffalo Pumps, Inc. .................................................................................... 7
BW/IP International, Incorporated, Pump Division ................................. 7
BW/IP International, Incorporated, Seal Division ................................... 8
Chempump Division, Crane Company ..................................................... 7
Cherry-Burrell Process Equipment Division .......................................... 5, 6
A. W. Chesterton Company ...................................................................... 8
Chromalox .................................................................................................. 5
Clark-Reliance Corporation .......................................................... 6, 11, 12
Conbraco Industries, Incorporated .............................................. 10, 12, 20
Crane Valves ............................................................................................ 20
John Crane Incorporated ..................................................................... 8, 15
Crosby Valve & Gage Company .......................................................... 6, 12
Cuno, Incorporated .................................................................................. 13
Dean Pump Division, MET-PRO Corporation .......................................... 7
DEC International, Engineered Products Group .................................. 5, 6
Dickow Pump Company ........................................................................ 6, 7
Dow Engineering Company ....................................................................... 3
Dresser Industries, Incorporated, Industrial Valve Operation ........... 12, 20

21
 INDEX TO SUPPLIERS (CONT.)

Company Page(s)

Durametallic Corporation .......................................................................... 8

The Duriron Company, Incorporated, Pump Division .......................... 5, 7
The Duriron Company, Incorporated, Valve Division .................. 5, 10, 20
Dwyer Instruments, Incorporated ...................................................... 11, 20
EG&G Sealol, Eagle Valve ...................................................................... 20
EG&G Sealol, Industrial Sealing Division ................................................ 8
First Thermal Systems, Incorporated ..................................................... 3, 5
Fisher Controls International, Incorporated ................... 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 20
Flexitallic, Incorporated ....................................................................... 8, 15
Fluor Daniel, Incorporated ......................................................................... 3
Foster Wheeler USA Corporation ......................................................... 3, 5
The Foxboro Company ................................................................ 10, 11, 20
Fulton Thermal Corporation ..................................................................... 5
Furon Company, FlexSeal Division ......................................................... 15
Goulds Pumps, Incorporated ...................................................................... 7
Heatec, Incorporated ......................................................................... 3, 5, 6
Hynes Electric Heating Company ......................................................... 5, 6
INDEECO .............................................................................................. 5, 6
Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company .............................................................. 7
The International Boiler Works Company............................................ 3, 5
Invalco, Incorporated ..................................................... 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 20
ITT Standard .............................................................................................. 5
JM Clipper Corporation ............................................................................. 8
Kerotest Manufacturing Company .......................................................... 20
Kitz Corporation of America ....................................................... 10, 19, 20
Richard Klinger, Incorporated ........................................................... 10, 20
The Kontro Company, Incorporated ..................................................... 6, 7
Lamons Gasket Company ........................................................................ 15
Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated .............................................. 3
The Luckenheimer Company .................................................................. 20
Magnetrol International .......................................................................... 11
Manning & Lewis Engineering Company ............................................. 5, 6
Marine & Petroleum Manufacturing, Incorporated ............................ 5, 15
Masoneilan North America,
Dresser Valve & Controls Division ................................. 6, 10, 11, 20
Memcor Power Generation Division, Memtec America Corporation ... 13
Michigan Science & Engineering Associates ............................................ 3

22
INDEX TO SUPPLIERS (CONT.)

Company Page(s)

Micro Motion ........................................................................................... 10

Newco ................................................................................................. 19, 20
Nibco, Incorporated ................................................................................. 20
Orbit Valve Company ........................................................................ 18, 20
Owens-Corning Fiberglas ......................................................................... 13
Pall Process Filtration Company .............................................................. 13
Parker Hannifin Corporation, Commercial Filters Division .................. 13
The Ralph M. Parsons Corporation ........................................................... 3
Permatex Industrial Corporation ............................................................. 15
Petro-Chem Development Company, Incorporated ............................. 3, 5
Pfaudler—U.S., Incorporated ...................................................... 3, 5, 6, 15
Pittsburgh Corning Corporation .............................................................. 13
The William Powell Company ................................................................ 20
Raytheon Engineers & Constructors ......................................................... 3
Riley Stoker Corporation ........................................................................... 5
Schuller International, Incorporated, Mechanical Insulation Division . 13
Walter F. Seifert, Consulting Engineer ...................................................... 3
Smith Valve Corporation ............................................................. 18, 19, 20
Spirax Sarco ......................................................................................... 6, 12
Stockham Valve & Fittings, Inc. ............................................................. 20
Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation .............................................. 3
Struthers-Wells Corporation.................................................................. 5, 6
Sundstrand Fluid Handling ........................................................................ 7
SUPER-TROL Division, Enercon Systems, Incorporated .................... 5, 6
Sverdrup Technology, Incorporated ........................................................... 3
The Swagelok Companies ........................................................................ 15
Teledyne Farris Engineering ..................................................................... 12
Thermoflux, Incorporated .......................................................................... 5
UCAR Carbon Company, Incorporated ....................................... 8, 13, 15
Union Pump Company .............................................................................. 7
Vanessa Valve Corporation ...................................................................... 20
Velan Valve Corporation ................................................................... 19, 20
Henry Vogt Machine Company ............................................... 6, 18, 19, 20
Wellman Thermal ...................................................................................... 5
Worcester Controls ................................................................................ 6, 8
Yarway Corporation ....................................................... 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 20

23
EQUIPMENT FOR SYSTEMS

*
USING DOWTHERM *
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
Includes heat transfer system
hardware and fabrication guidelines

For more information about DOWTHERM heat transfer fluids,

call: 1-800-447-4369

NOTICE: Dow believes the information and recommendations contained herein to be accurate and reliable as of August, 1994. However, since any assistance
furnished by Dow with reference to the proper use and disposal of its products is provided without charge, and since use conditions and disposal are not within its
control, Dow assumes no obligation or liability for such assistance and does not guarantee results from use of such products or other information contained herein.
No warranty, express or implied, is given nor is freedom from any patent owned by Dow or others to be inferred. Information contained herein concerning laws and
governmental regulations is based on U.S. federal laws and regulations except where specific reference is made to those of other jurisdictions. Since use conditions
and governmental regulations may differ from one location to another and may change with time, it is the Buyer’s responsibility to determine whether Dow’s products
are appropriate for Buyer’s use, and to assure Buyer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with laws, regulations, ordinances, and other governmental
enactments applicable in the jurisdiction(s) having authority over Buyer’s operations.

Note: Many of the product names cited in this bulletin are trademarks of their manufacturers.

Printed in U.S.A. *Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company Form No. 176-01335-894AMS