ACOUSTICS INTERFERENCE

-science of sound, including its -effect obtained when two systems of waves
reinforce, neutralize or in other ways interfere
 PRODUCTION with each other
 PROPAGATION
 EFFECTS CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE

-from the Greek Word AKOUIEN (to hear) -occurs when 2 waves in the same phase
combine
SOUND
DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE
-aural sensation caused by pressure variation
-results in the cancelling of the waves when
AUDIBLE FREQUENCY they have the same amplitude
-20Hz-20KHz ELEMENTS/ATTRIBUTES OF SOUND
SUBSONIC  PITCH (mel)
-related to frequency
-range of frequencies below the audible range
-2:1 octave
ULTRASONIC -40 dB
 TONE COLOR
-range of frequencies higher than the audible
-quality/timbre
range
-complexity of the wave
SUPERSONIC  RHYTHYM
-pattern of sound
-travelling faster than the velocity of sound

CONDENSATION AUDIBLE RANGE: 20-20KHz 10 OCTAVES

-crowding together of air molecules LOWER BASS: 20-80Hz 1ST&2ND OCTAVE

RAREFACTION UPPER BASS: 80-320Hz 3RD &4TH OCTAVE

-thinning out of air molecules MIDRANGE: 320-2560Hz 5TH 6TH & 7TH OCTAVE

LONGITUDINAL/COMPRESSIONAL UPPER MIDRANGE: 2560-5120Hz 8TH OCTAVE

-sound wave made up of condensation and TREBLE: 5120-20480Hz 9TH & 10TH OCTAVE
rarefaction
VOICE FREQUENCY: 300-3400 Hz 4 OCTAVES
SPEED OF SOUND
 VOLUME
-331.45 m/s @ 0˚C -loudness or softness of sound
Loudness
-344.4 m/s @ 20˚C
-strength of sound
 Loudness Level
-measured by SPL of a standard pure
tone
Phon
-unit of loudness level
Sone
-unit of loudness on a scale designed to
give scale numbers approximately
proportional to the loudness
REVERBERATION
-persistence of sound in an enclosure due to
repeated reflections at the boundaries
REVERBERATION TIME
-time required for the mean square sound
pressure to decrease after the source is
stopped, 60dB decay

OCTAVE
 TEMPO
-relates to speed -An interval between any two frequencies that
Mach have a ratio of 2:1
-multiplies the speed of sound
 0 dB - threshold of hearing
 ATTACK  60 dB - average conversation
-the way a sound begins  120 dB- threshold of pain
 150 dB - permanent damage to gearing
 DURATION
SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS OF COMMON
-How long the sound blast
SOURCES

 DECAY SOURCE SPL (dB)

-how fast a sound fades from a certain Faintest Audible 0
loudness Sound
Whisper 20
SOUND PRESSURE
Quiet Residence 30
-alternating component of the pressure at that Soft Stereo in 40
point Residence
Speech range 50-70
SOUND INTENSITY Cafeteria 80
Pneumatic Jack 90
-sound energy flux through unit area, normal to
Hammer
that direction Loud Crowd Noise 100
SOUND POWER Accelerating 100
Motorcycle
-total sound energy radiated per unit time Rock Concert 120
Jet Engine (75 ft.away) 140
ROOM ACOUSTICS

-concerned with the behaviour of sound within

an enclosed space with a view to obtaining the
optimum acoustic effect on the occupants