-by age 40, the nucleus pulposus is gone in the cervical spine.

herniation is therefore not possible in

older patients.
-facets of the upper cervical spine = 35 deg to the horizontal
-facets of the lower cervical spine = 65 deg to the horizontal
-most flexion and extension of the cervical spine occur primarily in 3 areas: atlanto-occipital joint, C1-2
level, and C4-6 level. each accounts for about 20 deg of flexion/extension. the other areas contribute
only about 10 deg
-upper cervical spine = 5 deg of lateral flexion
-middle cervical spine = 10 deg of lateral flexion
-lower cervical spine = 10 deg of lateral flexion

-thoracic outlet syndrome

-caused by trauma, rounded shoulders, tight scalenes, pec minor, or cervical ribs
-term used to describe a group of disorders that occur when there is compression, injury, or
irritation of the nerves and/or blood vessels (arteries and veins) in the lower neck and upper
chest area.
-Muscle wasting in the fleshy base of your thumb (Gilliatt-Sumner hand)
-Numbness or tingling in your arm or fingers.
-Pain or aches in your neck, shoulder or hand.
-Weakening grip

C5 = DELTOID
C6 = BICEPS, WRIST EXTENSION, BRACHIORADIALIS
C7 = TRICEPS, WRIST FLEXION
C8 = FINGER FLEXION
T1 = AB/ADDUCTION OF FINGERS

Selected Causes of Cervical Spine Pain

elbow complaints

-wrist extensors -> lateral epicondyle

-wrist flexors -> medial epicondyle