Fractionation Tower Top Reflux failure

Overhead Cooling
Total Condensation
Power failure
.
Tube Rupture 2/3 or 10/13
(Internal Failure) design pr (low - pr side/high-pr side)

Blocked Outlet Pump shut off (upstream) >

(mass balance downstream eqpt design pr
for relief rate)
Many vessels with same design pr --
BO for only most upstream PSV

Exchangers if blocked in on cold fluid

Control Valve Failure
side and cold-side vap pr of liq @
hot side inlet > cold-side design pr
if fail open/inadvertent opening of
fail close can overpressure
downstream eqpt

Gas blowby failure of liquid level cv in full open pos

Hydraulic Expansion
liquid-fill, blocked
subsequent heating
Fire
Both shell & tube
considered for relief
Interconnected piping
inadvertent opening of bypass cv
gas flows thro liq outlet line and if
design pr of downstream eqpt < design
pr of upstream eqpt
increase in liq vol due to inc in temp
liquid-filled eqpt, piping
blocked cold-side fld exposed to hot side
inlet temp, no phase change occurs
ignited liq spill (pool fire), isolated vessel
70 feet dia circular area = pool fire area
liq that can be vaporized or gas that expands
jet fire = ignited pressurized leak
Vapors from 2nd tray from top of tower

Function of Pressure drop among other factors

dp = [ op pr on high-pr side - higher of
(critical or relieving pressure on low-pr side)]
Normal Pump flow rate
add flow rates if multiple pumps

max CV capacity -
normal outlet flows
from downstream eqpt

max cv capactiy dep on

cv and pr drop across cv
max upstream pr -
downstream relieving pr

DN (20) x DN (25)
NPS 3/4" x NPS 1"

thermal exp coeff * heat flux/ sp.gravity * cp

Heat abs = 21000 FA0.82
34500 FA0.82 (no drainage)

Gas