Practical 9

1) Based on the observation on both BH6 and BH7 borehole logs, they are two formation exist
which are Beruas Formation and Simpang Formation.

It was distinguish by studying the main features of each formation. Basically, Beruas Formation
has more or less the same features with Simpang Formation because both are from terrestrial
environment. To differentiate between them are by comparing their SPT N-values and locality of the
formation emplacement. SPT-N values of the Beruas Formation have low value range from 2-15 where
as for Simpang Formation’s SPT-N value ranging from 15-50. Based on the SPT-N values and its
lithology, the BH6 consist of 24m of Beruas Formation and 16m of Simpang Formation while BH7 consist
30m of Beruas Formation and 10m of Simpang Formation. BH6 borehole is located at Kg. Lambur Kiri
which is on the west side of Sungai Perak while BH7 is located on the opposite side of Sg. Perak. The
Beruas Formation in BH7 has a much lower SPT-N value compared to in BH6. This shows that the low
SPT-N value indicated that this area is less dense causing it to be easily eroded.

It can be determined that Gula Formation is not existing in this area because there are no shell
fragments were found that indicated it from a marine environment. Plus, decayed wood and traces
vegetation was observed indicate swamp estuaries fluvial environment.

2) BH6

Beruas Formation

Color: Typically this sediments are grey brown, dark grey, light grey and light grey to brown

Texture: sandy silt clay, silty clay, sand

SPT-N value: 0-15

Thickness: > 150m

Density: loose to medium dense

Others: trace of decayed vegetation are found

Hardness: Soft to Stiff

Simpang Formation

Color: light grey, white

Texture: sand, sandy silt with clay

SPT-N value: 15-30

Thickness: 4-6m

Others: none

Density: medium dense

BH7

Beruas Formation

Color: grey brown, light grey to grey, light grey, dark brown to black

Texture: silty clay, clay

SPT-N value: 0-7

Thickness: 1.5-7.55m

Others: decayed wood are present

Hardness: soft to medium silt

Simpang Formation

Texture: sand

Color: grey

SPT-N: 29-50

Hardness 1.50-8.50

Hardness: medium to very dense

3) Based on the observation on each borehole logs, there are formation exist which are Beruas
Formation and Simpang Formation which have been discuss in detailed in second question’s answer.
4) Generally, Quaternary sediment in the Teluk Intan area can be divided into three
lithostratigraphy based on its lithology, physical features and deposition environment. These
lithostratigraphic units are Beruas Formation, Gula Formation and Simpang Formation.

Based on the cross, Simpang Formation underlying both Gula and Beruas Formation which
shows the evidence that Simpang Formation is the oldest Quaternary deposits among them. Beruas
Formation overlies Gula Formation, which show that Beruas Formation the youngest and comprises of
recent deposits.

Based on the observation of the map, Beruas Formation is mostly concentrated along the river.
This indicates continuous deposit from Sungai Perak. Hence, this river acts as transportation agent.

It is believed during the Pleistocene, Simpang Formation was deposited. The formation varying
from a few meter thick in the north and >40m in the south. Then, during the early Holocene, sea level
rises and Gula Formation covers the Simpang Formation. Then, during the major low sea level occurred,
some of the Gula Formation eroded away. Overtime, the Beruas Formation overlies on top of the other
formation created what we saw on the map.