BATCH PROCESSING AND REAL TIME PROCESSING

There are basically two types of data processing that is batch processing and real time
processing.

a) Batch processing: In batch processing the data is processed when a sufficient amount of
data has been accumulated and at a scheduled time. Input, process and output are separate
programs in batch processing. It is an efficient way of processing large volume of data. In
batch processing data is collected at first, entered, processed and then gives the batch result.
For example: cheque clearing, credit card transactions, payroll, billing system.
Advantages:
 Many transactions get completed in a single process.
 Ideal for large volume of data.
 It can be done at a desired time and is cost efficient.
Disadvantages:
 Data takes time to be processed.
 The master file is not always kept up to date.
 The one time process can be very slow.
Function:
 To execute the jobs in batch, this is monitored by the batch monitor resided in the
low end of main memory.

b) Real time processing: In real time processing data is processed immediately, that is
when the transaction occurs. Input, process and output are continuous process in real time
processing. For example reservation systems, point of sales (POS), bank ATMs, customer
services.
Advantages:
 Data is processed immediately.
 Always up to date.
 Helps to take immediate action.
Disadvantages:
 Complex and expensive process.
 Difficult in auditing.
 Real time processing is a bit tedious processing.
 Function:
 Manage the processor and other system resources.
 Respond to the system events and manage the data efficiently between processes.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BATCH PROCESSING AND REAL TIME

PROCESSING:

BATCH PROCESSING REAL TIME PROCESSING

In batch processing the collected data are In real time processing, the data processed
processed when a certain amount of data has will be entered when the transaction
been gathered. occurs and updated at the time of event
occurs.

Under this method the transaction are collected Data is processed immediately.
into one transaction file and it is stored and at
the end the data are stored into master file and it
is updated.

It is more effective and used when there is a No major delay in response.

large number of database available.

Less expensive More expensive

For example: Cheque clearing, generation of Example: reservation system,

bill, credit card transactions.

WHAT IT REPLACED?
Earlier mainframe computers and batch windows were used to process the data. The
mainframe computers were used when the task were smaller and in large quantities in no
time. For example in banks, we use this to process the data related to credit card transactions
and internet banking etc. mainframe computers have many processor and has many input
output planes. Many companies started using batch processing method because it is more
effective and less expensive as compared to mainframe computers. Another disadvantage of
mainframe computers are they require large amount of space whereas batch processing can
be done with any computers. Therefore many companies replaced mainframe computers with
batch processing.
Traditionally, the data was stored in file system and they were not capable of
dealing with continuous high data rate. A file system is a method used to store and organize
the data in computer files. Initially the data were kept in files which were used to manipulate
data. Each department has to maintain separate file systems which resulted in duplication of
data because each record of employees were kept by every department separately. Then the
company started to keep all the data in a storage media like hard disk, USB, floppy. The main
problems faced by the traditional data management systems are:

a. Duplication of data
b. Data inconsistency
c. Data dependency
d. Data sharing
e. Data security
Thus, the real time data processing helps to process the mesh data in short time. It is also
helpful in data mining which means extracting the information from large quantities of data.

THE CURRENT DRAWBACKS OF THE TECHNOLOGY:

Batch Data Processing is a proficient way of processing volumes of data which is collected
over a period of time. Batch processing requires separate programs for input, process and
output. Some of the issues pertaining to the use of Batch processing in businesses are:
 There is time delay between receiving the data and getting the output in the master
file, i.e. the time period between input of data and output of result.
 It does not create a platform for interaction and it gives only historic information.
 Usually the master file is not kept updated, which causes further delay and cause
trouble during audit.
 Expenses in installing the software is considerably high and the users of the software
must be given training as to how batch processing actually works and how to use it.
 A business also must have an internal IT team or professionals dedicated to fix the
system when an error occurs.
Real –Time Data Processing refers to immediate processing and updating of data. This is one
of the most used Data processing software. Some of the issues pertaining to the use of Batch
processing in businesses are:
 Real Time Processing is costly and hard to implement.
 It is tedious task and comparatively difficult for auditing.
 Based on the transaction frequency there has to be implementation of data backup to
ensure data retention.
 The system decides what to schedule as per the priority and delays execution of lower
priority tasks.
 Locating issues may become difficult as terminals are widely spread.
 If an error is committed it becomes difficult to correct it.

HOW CURRENT PROBLEMS OF BATCH PROCESSING AND REAL TIME

PROCESSING CAN BE SOLVED?
The current problems faced by the organizations in batch processing and real time
processing can be solved by taking appropriate actions. Batch processing has evolved
into something that makes the work much easier for the people working in the
organisation. But because of this evolvement and up gradation of technology the
individuals working in the system must be updated about it. So, there is need of
training the individuals so that they can update themselves about the working of the
system.

Another problem involved in batch processing is the delay of collection of data and
getting the result after the batch process. The best possible solution for this problem at
hand would be use batch processing for those transactions where the information
involved in process is not urgent, where time delay of processing of the transaction
and updating of the record of the organization is acceptable.

Real time processing is advanced compared to batch processing. It gives an

immediate output from the execution of the data in a short period. There is need of
continuous data in order to get continuous output. Even though the data are up to date
there are chances of committing errors which may lead to disintegrate of data. The
possible solution for this problem will be collection of data from dependable sources.
Another problem involved in the real time processing is the it is difficult to audit the
data. The solution for this challenge is to ensure that the data is audited from time to
time which will reduce the big portion of task into smaller ones.
If an error is committed it is hard to rectify them so the best possible solution for it
would be to ensure the entered data is correct and make sure the data that you have is
dependable and true.

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