The process of BREAKING DOWN an electrolyte into E/plating

CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS by passing ELECTRIC CURRENT

through it.
Iron ring Silver

AgNO3
molten
Electrode Cathode (-) Anode (+)
Half
Ag+ + e Ag Ag Ag++ e
equation
ELECTROLYSIS Products Silver atom Silver ions
Grey shiny solid Anode become
Observation
deposited thinner

Electrolyte
Purification
Electrode Cathode (+) Anode (-)
Ions presence Br- , Pb2+ Impure Cu
pure Cu
Moving of ions Br- Pb2+
Half equation 2Br- Br2 + 2e Pb2+ + 2e Pb
Compound that CONDUCT
ELECTRICITY in MOLTEN CuSO
Products Bromine gas Lead
or AQUEOUS STATE Electrode Cathode (-) Anode (+)
Brown gas
undergoes CHEMICAL
Observation Grey solid formed Aqueous Half
released CHANGES Cu2+ + 2e Cu Cu Cu2+ + 2e
equation
Products Cu atom Cu2+ ion
Brown solid Anode become
Observation
deposited thinner

POSITION in ECS CONCENTRATION TYPE of ELECTRODE

Carbon
Carbon

Cu Cu
0.01 mol 1.0 mol dm-3 electrode electrode
dm-3 CuCl2 CuCl2
CuCl2
OH-, Cl- ION PRESENCE Cu2+ , H+
Cu2+ , H+ ION PRESENCE OH-, Cl- Cu2+ , H+ ION PRESENCE OH-, Cl-
Anode MOVING OF ION Cathode
MOVING OF
Cathode Anode Cathode MOVING OF ION Anode half Equation
ION Factor of electrode Position in E.C.S
Position in E.C.S half Equation (Selected ions to
half Equation Position in E.C.S Factor of Conc. Cu Cu2+ + 2e discharged)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Position in E.C.S 4OH- 2H2O + (Selected ions to
(Selected ions Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
Cu2+ + 2e Cu to discharged) O2 + 4e discharged) Copper (II) ions PRODUCT Copper atom
Copper atom PRODUCT Chlorine gas Copper become Brown solid
Copper atom PRODUCT Oxygen gas OBSERVATION
Brown solid Greenish yellow thinner deposited
Brown solid Colourless gas OBSERVATION
OBSERVATION deposited gas released Blue colour of copper (II) chloride solution remain
deposited released
Blue colour of copper (II) chloride solution turn to unchanged. Explain why ?
Blue colour of copper (II) chloride solution turn to – because rate Cu2+ change to Cu is same with rate Cu
colourless. Explain why? colourless. Explain why?
-Because concentration of Cu2+ ions decreases change to Cu2+
-Because concentration of Cu2+ ions decreases
 Normally observe at Cathode in an electrolysis(negative terminal)
- - Electrolysis Confirmatory
Abe Ki te product
Observation
test

Greenish Put a damp blue litmus paper into test

Chlorine gas yellow gas tube, the litmus paper turn to red and
released bleach it

Put a damp blue litmus paper into test

Bromine gas Brown gas tube, the litmus paper turn to red and
Ki te- bleach it

<
-
e- e Iodine
Brown (in
aqeous)/purpe
Add starch solution into test tube, the
starch solution turn to dark blue

< Oxygen gas

in gas

Colourless gas
released
Put a glowing wooden splinter into
test tube, the glowing wooden splinter
will light up

Comparison between electrolytic and chemical cell

-consist of electrolyte
- consist of anode and cathode
- electron flow from anode to cathode

similarities

Electrolytic cell Voltaic cell

Difference
Normally observe at anode in electrolysis (positive terminal) s
Electrolysis Confirmatory Two or different Two different
Observation Made of
product test electrode electrode
Almost all metal
Grey solid formed - Used to produce Produced from
(except Cu metal) Electric current
chemical reaction chemical reaction
Cu metal Brown solid formed - Elect to chem. Energy change Chem. To Elect
Put a lighted wooden -ve terminal Cathode +ve terminal
Colourless gas splinter into test tube, +ve terminal Anode -ve terminal
Hydrogen gas
released a “pop” sound is
+ve terminal to – -ve terminal to
produced Flow of electron
ve terminal +ve terminal