Experiment: To determine Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Definition

Empirical formula: Chemical formula shows simplest ratio of the number of atom for each element in a compound The lid closed immediately to prevent white fume (MgO) escape to \air

This method used to determine metal are reactive example: Mg ,Al , Zn,.

The lid is lift up at interval to allow the oxygen in the air enter to complete of combustion. Magnesium tape is cleaned with sandpaper to get rid of layer of oxide The heating, cooling and weighing process are done several times until a constant mass is obtain to ensure All MAGNESIUM REACT COMPLETLY

Lid

1. 2. 3. 4.
2MgO

Molecular formula: Chemical formula shows actual number of atom in a compound.

Magnesium Reaction: 2Mg + O2

5.
Observation: - Magnesium burns brightly - White solid formed

(Empirical formula)n = Molar mass/RMM

Procedure Weigh an empty crucible + lid Add a strip of cleaned magnesium ribbon Reweigh(crucible + lid+ Magnesium) Heat the crucible until all the magnesium has changed to white ashes Raise the crucible lid to let in oxygen and close rapidly (prevent white smoke from being released) Cooled the crucible Reweigh
Mol

6. 7.

Experiment: To determine empirical formula Copper(II) Oxide Preparation hydrogen gas

Thistle funnel used to fill up hydrochloric acid solution Observation: Copper burns brightly Black powder turns to brown

Mol = mass / molar mass Formula Mol = No. of particles / NA Mol = Volume of gas / molar volume Molar volume : S.T.P = 22.4 dm3 Room condition = 24 dm3 Step to determine Emp. Mg Mass/% of element No. of mole Simplest ratio Empirical formula

Thistle funnel is immersed into solution to prevent air enter into an apparatus

H2 gas

Dry hydrogen gas

Function: Anhydrou s calcium chloride

Heat

How to ensure all air totally removed - collect a gas into test tube - put a lighted wooden splinter - if nopop sound means air removed totally

formula
O

to dry hydrogen

The heating, cooling and weighing process are done several times until a constant mass is obtain to ensure All COPPER(II) OXIDE has been REDUCED to COPPER COMPLETLY

This method used to determine metal are less than Hydrogen

Sulphuric acid

Zn + 2HCl

ZnCl2 + H2

K Na Ca Mg Mg C Zn H Fe Sn Pb Cu Hg Ag Au Au K Na Ca Al Al C Zn H Fe Sn Pb Cu Hg Ag REACTIVITY INCREASE REACTIVITY INCREASE

Example: Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) , Silver (Ag)