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CONTENTS
0. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
0.1. LIFE CYCLE OF THE PROCESSES ................................................................................................................. 4
0.1.1. Modeling ................................................................................................................................................... 4
0.1.2. Simulation ................................................................................................................................................. 5
0.1.3. Execution .................................................................................................................................................. 5
0.1.4. Monitoring ................................................................................................................................................. 5
0.1.5. Optimization .............................................................................................................................................. 5
0.2. TWO FORMATS OF AURAPORTAL HELIUM MODELER .............................................................................. 5
0.3. TWO MODELING TOOLS ................................................................................................................................. 8
0.4. THE BPMN STANDARD ................................................................................................................................... 9
4. SYNTAX ................................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.1. ABOUT THE TASKS ....................................................................................................................................... 35
4.2. ABOUT THE SUBPROCESSES (COLLAPSED NOTATION) ........................................................................ 36
4.3. ABOUT THE EVENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 36
4.4. ABOUT THE GATEWAYS............................................................................................................................... 37
The diagram below shows the 5 stages that make up the Life Cycle of the AuraPortal Processes, highlight-
ing the important position of the Modeling stage.
0.1.1. Modeling
Modeling is the stage where the Classes of Process are designed. It includes two parts:
- Diagramming. This is the part of the AuraPortal Process Life Cycle where the sequence, path and
connections of all the objects included in a Class of Process are graphically designed.
This is performed with the AuraPortal Helium Modeler that comes included with AuraPortal, which
is explained in detail in this document.
- Attribute Assignment. After designing the Diagram, the second part of the Modeling involves as-
signing Attributes to each of the Objects.
0.1.2. Simulation
With AuraPortal it is possible to perform “simulations” of the running of the processes. This involves virtual-
ly executing the processes in imaginary situations to identify and quantify any circumstances that could
potentially influence the real running of these processes. These operations should reveal bottlenecks, over-
loads, an unequal distribution of workloads, excessive times, costs, etc.
Further on in this document you will find detailed explanations about this stage of the Process Life Cycle.
0.1.3. Execution
After completing the Modeling and Simulation stages and the design of the Class of Process is valid, the
Process can now pass to the Execution stage of its Life Cycle, which in AuraPortal terms is called the Pro-
duction Environment Mode.
In this stage the users will work normally with the processes, introducing and consulting real data accord-
ing to the established design.
0.1.4. Monitoring
Once the users are working normally, the Process Monitoring makes it possible to control and supervise
that the Processes are being executed as expected or if there are any deviations that need correcting.
0.1.5. Optimization
Whether or not the design of the Classes of Process requires Optimization depends on the data obtained
through the Monitoring stage. If it is necessary, the BPM tool must allow instant modifications to be made
to the design of the processes and these modifications must be applied immediately in both the real and
imaginary environments, with no need for any programming. This characteristic is available in very few
BPM tools, only AuraPortal can truly offer it, because BPM tools in general require a certain level of inter-
vention from programmers or expert technicians to put any modifications made to the design of the pro-
cesses into execution. This makes it impossible to perform an elevated number of function tests on the
processes in a short time period, because the application would need to be reprogrammed in each case.
2. AuraPortal Helium Modeler ‘Standalone’, which can be downloaded for free from the AuraPor-
tal website (www.auraportal.com) to be used independently of the AuraPortal suite.
The version integrated in AuraPortal requires the installation of the AuraPortal Complement. This is a set
of necessary applications required by certain AuraPortal features such as the editing of Class of Process
Diagrams, Digital Signature, amongst others.
The following link appears in those AuraPortal options where the complement is necessary:
On clicking this link, it will be installed on your computer and available for all the functionality that require
it. Firstly, a system window will appear asking if you wish to Execute or Save the Complement. Click Exe-
cute. A window will appear to choose the language and then the installation window, which is like the fol-
lowing:
Note.
The Download Complement link does not disappear even if it is already installed on
the computer, but it is only necessary to install it once. After that, the different applica-
tions that include the complement will be updated automatically and independently
- The version integrated in AuraPortal is accessed from the design options of each Class of Process
within the AuraPortal structure.
- The Standalone version is accessed by clicking on the icon that will have been automatically created
on your desktop during the installation of the Standalone AuraPortal Helium Modeler. The installer
can be obtained for free from the AuraPortal website (www.auraportal.com).
- From the same website (www.auraportal.com) it is also possible to use the AuraPortal Helium Mod-
eler online, using the same Standalone format but without the need to install it on your computer.
- The BPM Helium Modeler integrated in AuraPortal will always adopt the language of the user who
has logged on to AuraPortal.
- In the ‘Standalone’ AuraPortal Helium Modeler the language is chosen by clicking the Language
button in the actions bar at the top of the window:
- In the version integrated in AuraPortal, the statistical simulation can be configured and executed
from either the Simulation option (2) located in the EXECUTION panel (1) of the Class of Process
design accessed from Structure:
The diagrams built with both formats are compatible. Therefore, diagrams built with the ‘Standalone’
version can be imported at any time to an AuraPortal installation to be put into execution, with no need
for any programming.
Note.
The conversion possibilities between both Modelers are explained later on in this document.
It is designed with Java technology and is 100% web-based, compatible with Internet Explorer, Firefox,
Chrome, Safari, etc.
No third-party programs are required. Everything you need is included in AuraPortal without having to
install any additional programs.
In regard to Version Control, every time a Diagram is modified and saved the system automatically creates
a new Version. These versions can be consulted and restored if necessary from the Version Control feature.
It is based on MS Visio, both Standard and Professional, and has been developed to fully adapt to the
business process diagramming practice using the BPMN 2.0 standard, and is very easy to use.
Note.
The versions of MS Visio that are compatible are 2003, 2007 and 2010. The 2013
version has lost compatibility because Microsoft has withdrawn the necessary XML
file format.
AuraPortal Visio Modeler is also available in two formats; integrated in the AuraPortal installation, or
Standalone to be used independently of AuraPortal.
Note.
Although the features offered by the Visio Modeler are similar to the Helium
Modeler, AuraPortal Visio Modeler has its own specific documentation.
Essentially, BPMN is composed of several sets of elements that represent both the flow Objects and their
connections, and the help instruments, namely the Bands (Swimlanes) and the Artifacts.
The Objects are divided into three categories: Activities, Events and Gateways. In turn, the Activities are
divided into Tasks and Subprocesses.
1. Tasks. These objects perform the process activities. They can be Personal (performed by people) or
System (performed automatically by the system without human intervention). Examples of Task nota-
tions:
2. Subprocesses. These are sets of objects with a homogenous purpose (a sub-diagram within the main
diagram). They are represented by their Collapsed notation to simplify the diagrams. They can be in-
cluded in the different points of the diagram where their operative is required. The Developed nota-
tion is accessed from a link and can be consulted from the Collapsed version when more detail is re-
quired. This also helps to keep the integrity of the model from start to end when the details of a Sub-
process are not known. Examples of Subprocess notations:
4. Gateways. These objects redirect the flow between the process threads depending on their configura-
tion and conditions. Examples of Gateway notations:
5. Canvas and Bands. The canvas where the objects of the Diagram are drawn can be divided into Bands
(Swimlanes), which are vertical or horizontal strips that help when situating the Tasks and Subprocess-
es in relation to the departments or roles of the task performers.
6. Artifacts. Complementary elements that help to improve the comprehension of the Diagram. Their
function is illustrative and nonexecutive, therefore the Motor does not take them into account when
executing the Processes.
It is important that you identify each object and understand its function before beginning to work with the
modeler.
The chapter titled BPMN Objects Gallery contains a list and explanation of all the Flow Objects and the
BPMN Artifacts.
As can be seen in the image above, the window has several Areas.
The right-hand area (1) contains the Canvas where the objects are placed to create the diagram.
The left-hand area contains the Button Panel of the Modeler (2) and the BPMN Objects Gallery (3) which
is used for the modeling. Each of the graphical shapes of the objects in the gallery are explained in the
corresponding chapter further on in this document.
In the header of the Standalone version there are some additional buttons: Create New, Open Existing and
Save As. These buttons are not necessary in the version integrated in AuraPortal because the diagram is
created and edited from the configuration window of the Class of Process and, once open, the only options
that many be needed are Save Draft or Save Diagram.
The vertical Actions Bar (4) which separates the two areas contains the object alignment tools.
The upper horizontal Actions Bar (5) is made up of a series of buttons with drop-down submenus con-
taining actions that can be performed on the complete diagram or on the individual objects and connec-
tions. Below this bar is another Quick Access Bar (6) which includes the icons for the most frequent ac-
tions.
- Connect them with the corresponding object(s) to create the current flows.
3. On finishing the diagramming session, you can exit the Modeler using any of the following options:
- Save Diagram. To save the diagram checking that there are no errors according to the BPMN syn-
tax.
- Save Draft. To save the diagram without checking if there are any BPMN syntax errors.
- Save As. Only in the Standalone version. This allows the diagram to be saved with another name
and/or in another path.
To Exit without Saving click the icon in the Quick Access Bar or the File button in the Vertical
Actions Bar, and then click Exit. If no changes have been made, the diagram will close. If any changes
have been made, the window below will appear with the following options:
Notes.
1. Syntax. AuraPortal Helium Modeler includes Syntax checks to ensure that the
objects that make up the diagram are as they should be, indicating exactly where
any errors are and explaining their nature. This way, when a diagram has passed
the syntax check, the execution of the model will be correct.
Before beginning the diagram, it is advisable to prepare the canvas by establishing the general values you
want to work with, modifying the AuraPortal Helium Modeler default values.
The default values can be modified and adapted to each situation at any moment from the tabs in the top
left of the window:
The submenu of the File button in the Upper Actions Bar includes the following possibilities:
- Save Draft
- Page Setup
- Print
- Exit
The Page Setup option allows defining the Size, the Margins and the Orientation of the diagram canvas.
The other options are self-explanatory.
The Standalone version also includes the Open Existing option, to open a diagram saved previously.
The Edit button in the Upper Actions Bar includes the basic edit possibilities for the Objects and Connec-
tions: Undo and Redo the last action; Cut, Copy, Paste, Delete or Edit (to name the object or connection)
the selection; Select All to select the whole Diagram, and Select None to deselect anything selected with
the previous option.
The submenu of the View button in the Upper Actions Bar includes the following possibilities:
- Grid. To indicate if the pages will be shown with a grid to guide the user when adjusting the posi-
tion of the objects. The characteristics of this grid can be configured from the Page submenu.
- Rulers. To indicate if the horizontal and vertical rulers will be visible, also to guide the user when
adjusting the position of the objects.
- Zoom. To modify the size of the diagram in the page. If the cursor is placed over a particular ob-
ject, on zooming in it will become centered on the specified object.
- Page / Width. To determine the default size of the pages. With Page selected the canvas will fit the
visible height of the window, and with Width selected the canvas will fit the visible width of the
window.
The submenu of the Page button in the Upper Actions Bar includes 3 elements:
- Background. To determine the appearance (Color or Image) of the page background as well as the
background of the canvas.
- Objects. To determine the appearance of the diagram objects (flat, embossed or with shadow).
1. Firstly, if you want to give the Modeler a uniform style, clicking on the Text Style button in the Upper
Actions Bar will open the Text Style window:
These values will be applied as default except in the objects that have been specifically customized
using the corresponding icon in the Quick Access Bar.
Clicking on the Default Style button will reset the AuraPortal default values.
2. As the objects are created, they can be customized individually if desired, using the icons available in
the Quick Access Bar, as explained further on.
To change the Language, just select the desired one from the drop-down menu. The changes will take
effect the next time the Modeler is opened.
Each page will be identified by a small tab with the page number at the bottom left of the canvas. This
number can be changed by double clicking on the label.
To add pages to the Canvas, click on the icon found in the vertical toolbar. Each click will add a page.
Below this icon you will find another icon to Delete the page.
Right click anywhere on the page to open the following submenu, which contains the actions that can be
performed on the page:
Each page of the Diagram can contain several Bands, either all horizontal or all vertical.
Note.
If you are going to use Bands, we recommend that the Bands are prepared before
As bands are added to a page, the system will place them to the right of the previous, grouping them un-
der the same Title, as can be seen in the image below:
After placing the band on the page, it can be resized, moved, colored, etc. To work with the band, it must
be selected (it will become outlined in red).
- When adding a new band to a page it is automatically selected and therefore can be worked with
immediately.
In the upper left-hand corner of the Bands there is a small square with a ‘-‘ sign which will minimize the
band.
If there is more than one band, the ‘-‘ icon will minimize all the bands that have been added.
When the first object is added to a band, the band in question will now show its own minimize icon,
Right click with the mouse anywhere on the band to open the ‘Band Actions Menu’, to select the actions
you wish to perform on the band:
To select a group of bands, just click on the header of the group (the group with become outlined in red).
Note.
When the style of the text in a text box belonging to an object or artefact is modi-
fied from the Edit Mode using the icons in the Quick Access Bar, you must click
with the mouse anywhere on the page for the changes to be updated.
- Color the header of the band, using the options that refer to the Title.
- Color the body, using the functions that make reference to the Body of the Band: Body Fill Color (to
color its background), Body Gradient and Line Color (to color the border of the band).
Once the group is selected, drag it to the desired position. To better adjust the position or for short dis-
tances, use the arrow keys on the keyboard.
To change the width or height of a band, select it and “pull” the icon that appears in the lower right cor-
ner of the band or set:
Note.
Mastering the use of these icons greatly eases the diagramming. It is advisable to fa-
miliarize yourself with them by placing various objects on the page and using the icons
to test their behavior.
When an object is added to the canvas, the system itself will identify it with a Code made up of the abbre-
viation of the object and an order number, separated by a dot, for example TP.1 (Personal Task 1) or DX.1
(Divergent Gateway 1). This can be seen in the image further down.
Note.
Before beginning to diagram you should know and understand each object and its
function. The chapter titled BPMN Objects Gallery further on in this document
contains a list and explanation of each of the BPMN flow objects and artifacts.
- When adding an object to a page it is automatically selected and therefore can be worked with
immediately.
When an object is selected it is outlined in red, as can be seen in the image below:
These features are detailed in the following sections in the explanations of the actions they are related to.
A blue frame will appear around the text indicating that it is in Edit mode, enabling text to be added, modi-
fied or deleted. The same result can be obtained by invoking the ‘Object Actions Menu’ and selecting Edit.
Note.
Format can also be applied to the text of the object once out of the edit mode.
Just click on the object once and it will become outlined in red, then change the
format as desired.
After writing the text, format can be applied: font color, bold, etc.
The size of the text box can also be adapted by “pulling” the four squares that appear in the corners:
To move the label, hold the mouse over it until the four pointed arrow appears like in the image below:
Then it is possible to click, drag and drop the label to the desired location. It can also be moved with the
arrow keys on the keyboard, or by holding down <Shift> or <Ctrl>+Arrow keys (up, down, left and right)
to move the text shorter distances, usually for finer adjustments.
The Upper Bar contains the following text tools: Font Type and Size, Bold, Italic, Font Color and Alignment
(Horizontal and Vertical):
Object Descriptions. Each object in the diagram can be given a general description. This description will
not appear in the diagram.
To introduce this description, first select the object and then right click on it to open the ‘Object Actions
Menu’. Click on Description and a window will open to introduce the desired text.
A D icon will appear next to the object in the diagram to identify that a Description has been included.
Note.
When the diagram is saved in AuraPortal, these descriptions will form part of the
attributes of the object in the modeling window, in the box outlined in red in the
following image:
This description also appears next to the name of the object in the document that
is generated on exporting the diagram and its objects. The Export feature is
explained further on.
Clicking the Default Color button will return the color to the Modeler’s default settings.
You can also use the arrow keys (up, down, left and right) to move the object, or the arrow keys + <Shift>
or <Ctrl>. The latter option is useful for making finer adjustments or for shorter distances.
Cut, Copy and Paste icons are available in the Quick Access Bar,
or you can use CTRL+X, CTRL+C and CTRL+V, or the options in the ‘Object Actions Menu’ to repeat objects
in another page of the Diagram, for example. To Cut and Paste the objects they must first be selected.
2. Secondly, the Event (Intermediate Message, Time or Multiple) is added on top of the Activity. The
Event can be placed wherever convenient around the edge of the Activity.
- To change the position of the event on the object, use the arrow keys.
- To un-embed the event from the object, just select it and press Delete.
Note.
As the BPMN syntax requires the Tasks and Subprocesses with Embedded Events
to be represented in the diagram with two outlets: one for the Activity and one for
Place the cursor over the edge of the object that will be the flow origin (a red square will appear to indicate
the origin connection point). STEP 1.
Click and drag until you reach the Destination object (a red square will appear to indicate the destination
connection point). STEP 2.
Once connected, the need to perform actions on groups of objects all at the same time is very common
(aligning the objects, moving several at a time, etc.). This is explained further on.
As can be seen in the previous image, when a connection line is selected, a rounded rectangular icon ap-
pears on the line. To change to path of the connection line, it must be manipulated from these icons (1),
dragging the cursor over the page with the mouse pressed (2) until it is in the desired location (3).
To change the point where the line connects to the object, place the mouse over the starting point or over
the end (the arrow head). When the hand icon appears (1), click on the mouse and, keeping it held down,
move the end of the line (start or arrow head) to the desired point on the object (2) and release (3).
Note.
With AuraPortal Helium Modeler, the user designs the path of each connection
between objects as they wish, so that nothing will obstruct or hinder the correct
understanding of the diagram.
A text can also be added to the connection lines to clarify the action of the flow.
Note.
Connection lines that are outlets of DX and DO gateways must always be named
to determine the outlet the flow will take, according to the gateway conditions.
To introduce text to a connection line, double click with the mouse anywhere on the line to open the text
editor:
In the same way as with the objects, when in edit mode the connection changes to green. After writing the
text, click once anywhere on the canvas. The label will be come outlined in a red dotted line:
It is now possible to move the label with the icon or with the arrow keys, or resize it with the icon.
The Quick Access Bar contains the following text tools: Font Type and Size, Bold, Italic, Font Color and
Alignment (Horizontal and Vertical):
To modify the text, follow the same procedure as when creating it. Clicking on the line will open the text
box and double clicking on this box will make it editable. The same result is achieved by opening the ‘Ob-
ject Actions Menu’ and selecting Edit.
To change the location of the text, drag the text box to the desired location, as explained previously for
the objects:
- The text can be adapted by “pulling” the four squares that appear in the corners of the text box
with the icon.
3.2.2. Links
In addition to the connections drawn with the current threads mentioned previously, the objects can also
be linked in the diagram via hyperlinks. There are two possibilities:
Subprocesses are groups of Tasks and other Objects that can function as an independent operative unit,
while still being integrated in the Process.
- A collapsed notation of a Subprocess is just an object that contains the name and code of the
Subprocess; it does not show the objects and connections.
The developed notation is drawn in another part of the diagram which may be in the same page as the
main Process or, more commonly, in another page.
Every object that represents the Collapsed Notation of a Subprocess must have a link; i.e., it must be linked
to the Start Event of the Developed Notation of the same Subprocess.
To link the two notations, in the example of the previous image the following steps have been taken:
1. From the Objects Gallery, the SP object (Subprocess in Collapsed Notation) has been added to a page,
and has been represented in the canvas as SP.1.
2. Also from the Objects Gallery, the Developed SP (Subprocess in Developed Notation) has been added
to another page, and the actions that must be executed in the Subprocess have been introduced, preceded
(as obliged) by a Subprocess Start Event (IS.1) and ending with an End Event (FN.1) (also obligatory).
3. So that the Process current flows, a Link has been created from the Subprocess SP.1 object to the Sub-
process Start Event IS.1.
4. To create the link between the two notations, right-click on the Subprocess SP.1 to open the ‘Object
Actions Menu’ and click on Select IS:
5. A list of all the IS codes that have been created will appear. Select the corresponding IS code, in this
example IS.1, and the two objects will now be linked:
The Collapsed Notation has a small square with a “plus” sign . Clicking this icon will expand the object
displaying the Developed Notation, making it very easy to review the Diagram.
The Link Events allow the flow to be Sent and Received via a hyperlink. They substitute a Connecting Line
between two objects, and are used only when the two objects to be connected are widely separated, or
when there are various Connecting Lines in-between them which they would have to cross, causing possi-
ble confusion in the diagram.
In these cases, to connect two objects via a link, two separate Link Events (EL) are placed on the canvas
(following the common procedure), one connected to the source object as an outlet and the other con-
nected to the target object as an inlet, each one in the corresponding page, as seen in the image below:
There are two types of EL event in the Objects Gallery – Events Tab, with the arrows in opposite direc-
tions. One is the Source Event and the other is the Target Event:
and
On placing them on the Canvas, at first, they will act as such, Source and Target, but changes can be made.
See the image below:
Lastly, to create the connection, right-click on the Source Link Event to invoke the ‘Object Actions Menu’
and click on Select target. A list of all the Target Link Events that have been created will appear. Select the
corresponding one, in this example EL.3.
All the Target Link Events codes that have been created will appear, to select the corresponding one. In
this example, EL.2.
The icon for undo is also available in the ‘Object Actions Menu’, or the CTRL+Z
keys can also be used.
To work with a group of objects, the group must first be selected. There are two ways to select several
objects simultaneously:
1. By clicking outside the group of objects to be moved and dragging the cursor to the opposite
corner to select them.
2. By selecting one of the objects and then, holding down the Ctrl key, clicking on each of the other
objects that you want to include in the group.
If you want to deselect an object that is within the selected group, just click on the unwanted object while
holding down the Ctrl key.
When a group of objects is selected, each one of the objects in the group will be outlined in red.
To move a group of objects, select the group via one of the methods explained above and drag it in the
same way you would to move an individual object.
To copy a group of objects, select the group via one of the methods explained above and act in the same
way you would to copy an individual object.
To improve the appearance and understanding of the diagram, it is advisable to align the objects.
To align the objects, one of them must be used as a reference. There are two alignment methods for
grouping objects:
1. Select an object that is in the correct position and, holding down the Ctrl key, select the rest of the
objects that you wish to align. The alignment is made by following the first object selected as a
reference.
2. Click the page outside the group and drag the cursor around all the desired objects. The system
will use the object first inserted in the diagram as a reference for the alignment.
The objects can be distributed horizontally or vertically, and the alignment operative is the following: the
objects are selected via one of these two methods and then aligned using the icons in the vertical
toolbar which is located between the two areas. These icons allow the objects to be aligned to the center
horizontally, to the left, right, top or bottom, and also to equal the height, width and size of the objects. It
is also possible to distribute them horizontally or vertically.
For example, to align several objects horizontally, select them all (as explained previously) and click the
Align Horizontally icon (1):
If you wish to unselect an object from inside the selected group, hold down the Ctrl key and click on the
object to be excluded.
Note.
Mastering the use of these icons greatly eases the diagramming. It is advisable to
familiarize yourself with them by placing various objects on the page and using
the icons to test their behavior.
4. SYNTAX
This chapter explains the correct way to place the objects and connections that make up the diagram, ap-
plying the functions explained in the previous chapter.
2. The System Tasks (code TS) are performed directly by the system, without human intervention.
3. The TP and TS Tasks can have several inlets (at least one) but only one flow outlet.
4. The TC Tasks (Compensation Tasks) only have one inlet, always coming from a TPC (Task within
a Transaction). They have no outlets.
2. The SP Subprocesses can have several inlets (at least one) but only one flow outlet.
3. The SC Subprocesses (Compensation Subprocesses) only have one inlet, always coming from a
TPC. They have no outlets.
4. All Subprocesses with Embedded Events (in the collapsed notation) can have several inlets (at
least one), and must have just one outlet through the Event but they can also have one outlet di-
rectly from the Subprocess if desired.
3. Each Subprocess in its developed notation must also have just one Subprocess Start Event.
5. Both the Processes and the Developed Subprocesses can have more than one End Event (FN).
Note.
The fact that the Diagram indicates that the Process (or Subprocess) may contain
more than one Process or Subprocess End Event means that the flow can termi-
nate in different moments, depending on direction the flow takes throughout the
evolution of the process.
When a Process End Event is reached, the Process is terminated and all the Ob-
jects in execution or pending are immediately cancelled, including all other Pro-
cess End Events. The same is applicable in the Subprocesses.
6. The End Events (FN) (whether located in a page of the Process or in a Developed Subprocess)
cannot have outlets, but they can have several inlets.
7. The Intermediate Events (EM, ET, EL and EX) can have one or more inlet but only one outlet.
8. The End of Current (FC) Event will definitively stop the current in the thread where it is located,
but it will not stop the current in the other threads of the Process or Subprocess. This Event can
have several inlets but no outlet.
- If it is a Source Link Event then it must have one inlet and no outlet. It must also have a link
to the Target Link Event.
2. The Convergent Gateways (CX, CO, CA and CL) must have only one outlet and at least two inlets.
The result of the export is one or several files in the chosen format, which can include the design of the
Diagram, the Name and the Description of the Objects and the data configured in these objects for their
Statistical Simulation.
In the image below is an example of an export file in .DOC format using the default Helium Modeler tem-
plate, which includes a presentation page (1), a Table of Contents (2) based on the styles, the Description
which was included on performing the export and the general parameters of the Simulation (3), followed
by the design of the Diagram (4), the information about the Diagram Objects over different pages (in the
example there are 3, but the number will vary depending on the diagram and the configured data) (5) and
the final page (6).
If one of the ones that are specific to images are selected, such as BMP, JPG or PNG, a file will be generat-
ed for each page with the corresponding extension, numbered and beginning with ‘_0’.
Note.
The quality of the result will depend on the chosen format and the reader or
viewer used.
To use another template, click the Download button (1) and save it in the desired location:
Note.
The BaseTemplate.dot template is protected and cannot be deleted, modified or
overwritten.
Open the downloaded MS Word template. The default styles can be seen there by opening the Styles
dropdown menu, as shown in the following image where they are outlined in red:
IMPORTANT NOTE.
The attributes of the styles can be modified but the name cannot be changed, be-
cause AuraPortal Helium Modeler will ALWAYS apply these style names when ex-
porting the information, regardless of how they have been customized.
To change the attributes of a style, click on the style name’s dropdown menu, for example AP_Normal-Bold
(1),
To use the new template, click the Import button in AuraPortal Helium Modeler – Export – Select Template,
and select it from its location:
The new template is now ready for possible new exports. Just select it with the mouse before clicking the
Export button.
To delete a template, right click on its name, as shown in the image below, and then on Remove.
If the Objects box is marked, it is also possible to mark the Statistical Simulation box, so that the data con-
figuration for the Statistical Simulation of the diagram objects will be exported.
Note.
Refer to the chapter about Simulation in this document for more information.
Description (4)
A description can be included to present or clarify concepts about the exported diagram. This is not man-
datory.
On clicking the Export button, a search engine will open for saving the export in the desired path.
1. Process approach
On filling in this Form, titled Request for Approval of Construction Site Investment , a Message must be
generated that starts the Construction Site Investment Approval Process.
Once the Process has been started, a Personal Task called Revision for 1st Approval must appear in the
Group Manager of the site’s pending tasks queue.
When the Group Manager opens the task, he will examine the data provided in the Start Message. When
he has made the decision to approve or reject the request, he must fill in a Form stating his decision. Then
the Task terminates and the flow of the Process arrives at a Gateway named 1st Approval?
If the investment has not been approved, the Gateway must direct the flow to a System Task (task per-
formed automatically by the system with no human intervention) called Informs of Rejection and the Pro-
cess terminates.
This System Task sends an internal message to the requester (Site Manager) notifying him that his invest-
ment request has not been approved.
If the Investment has been approved by the Group Manager, the current will continue to the Gateway
named Requires 2nd Approval?. This Divergent Gateway decides whether or not the investment that has
already been approved by the Group Manager requires a second approval by the Division Manager.
To make the decision, the Gateway must take into account two criteria, as stated in the corresponding
Business Rule: firstly, the Amount of the Investment and secondly the Risk Assessment associated with
the country where the investment is to be made.
If a second approval is not necessary the current will continue to a System Task named Creation of Approv-
al Document whose function is to automatically create the Investment Approval Document (signed elec-
tronically by the approver).
Next it must pass through a Control Point P1.K (in charge of taking note of the moment that the current
passes through it, for extracting Monitoring data).
Then the flow continues to the Personal Task Informs of Approval which, with the signed Investment Ap-
proval Document, proceeds to carry out the necessary actions for the investment, using other company
processes.
If a second approval is required the current must arrive at a Time Event named Only Mondays and Thurs-
days from 10:00 to 12:00. This Event should hold the Process until Monday or Thursday between 10:00 and
12:00. When these days or times arrive, the Event lets the current continue.
Note.
The reason for inserting a Time Event is that the Division Manager only looks at
approval petitions on Mondays and Thursdays from 10:00 to 12:00.
Therefore, it is not desirable that these Tasks appear in his workflow before these
periods as they will be left unopened until the arrival of the established times,
causing anomalies in the Monitoring of the Process. It could give the idea that the
Division Supervisor is not attending to their workflow, which would be improper.
It would also distort the statistics related to workloads and the optimum alloca-
tion of resources.
When the specified time is met in the Time Event, the flow will pass to a Personal Task, Revision for 2nd
Approval. In this Task the Division Manager will examine the Investment request which has already been
approved by the Group Manager, and he will decide whether or not to give his approval.
From here, the process flow will follow the adequate course depending on the decision made, as described
above.
Note.
In this example 3 vertical bands have been used: Construction Site, Management
and Administration, indicating the 3 departments that intervene in the Process.
The use of Bands is mainly effective in diagrams that are relatively simple, but in
practice it may be more convenient to use other types of Artefact to clarify or ex-
plain anything important without having to place the object in a specific band, or
purely to simplify the Diagram.
- It allows for approval to be requested for an investment in any construction site belonging to the
company.
- It checks if a 2nd Approval is required according to what has been established by the Business
Rules.
- It adjusts the partial process execution times using pauses to avoid the generation of misleading
task queues.
- It ensures that the system automatically sends Messages to the recipients indicating if the request
has been approved or not.
- It automatically creates the Investment Approval Document, signed electronically by the approver.
- It establishes, via Control Points, the Lapses that must be measured to detect bottlenecks and op-
timize the distribution of workloads.
It is possible, for example, to create a diagram from within AuraPortal, export it to the local disk, open it
with the AuraPortal Helium Modeler Standalone, modify it or add to it and then import it back again in
AuraPortal. From inside AuraPortal just Save the diagram so that the system automatically creates the ob-
jects, leaving them ready to receive their attributes and this way convert the model into an executable pro-
cess.
It is also possible to create a complete diagram with AuraPortal Helium Modeler Standalone and then im-
port it to AuraPortal. In this case, a new Class of Process will be created in AuraPortal and the file that was
created with AuraPortal Helium Modeler Standalone is imported.
Once the necessary changes have been made, click Save Diagram in the action bar to save them on the
local disk. This file can then be imported to AuraPortal, as will be explained further on.
Once the canvas has opened, the model can be created without any need to connect to the AuraPortal
installation.
Later, the file that has been created can then be imported in AuraPortal to configure the objects that make
up the model.
Firstly, a Class of Process must be created, simply so that it provides the necessary structure for the import.
Then click on the Import only Diagram icon and choose the newly created Class of Process (this Class of
Process must have been created previously) which will be the one to receive (import) the diagram. The
Check the box (1) to confirm and then click on Import Diagram (2). The diagram will be imported and
associated to the Class of Process created for this purpose.
In order to create the objects of the imported Diagram in the Class of Process, you must:
1. Open the diagram of the Class of Process which has just been imported. The diagram which has
been imported from AuraPortal Helium Modeler Standalone will appear.
2. Once open, without having to make and changes to the Diagram first, you can click on Save Dia-
gram, and all the objects will be created automatically in the structure of the Class of Process,
ready to receive their attributes; or if you wish, you can make modifications to the Diagram before
saving it.
8. OBJECTS GALLERY
Here you will find all the graphical shapes of the objects and artifacts used in the Modeling following the
BPMN standard but in AuraPortal’s enhanced version.
The BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation) standard, developed initially by the BPMI consortium and
later integrated in the OMG group, is a graphical Process Modeling system that consolidates the best ideas
from previous standards, some of which are still used now but that have been surpassed by BPMN.
Examples of standards that have been analyzed and revised as a basis for the development of BPMN in-
clude: UML Activity Diagram, UML EDOC Business Processes, IDEF, ebXML BPSS, Activity-Decision Flor
(ADF) Diagram, RosettaNet, LOVeM and Event-Process Chains (EPCs).
The success of BPMN right from its release has converted it rapidly into the predominant Business Process
Modeling Standard, to the point where leading vendors of business process management tools have rea-
dapted their products to follow this standard.
In this aspect, AuraPortal has the advantage of being designed from the very beginning based on BPMN,
with the addition of some customized developments (for example the Collectors and Control Points) that
cover certain BPMN shortcomings and significantly increase its power.
On the other hand, as AuraPortal carries out the internal programming of the Processes automatically
as they are being modeled, with no need to add any additional programming code manually, some guide-
lines about the correct way to model must be followed to guarantee that the execution runs perfectly.
Essentially, BPMN is composed of several sets of elements that represent both the flow Objects and their
connections, and the help instruments, namely the Bands (Swimlanes) and the Artifacts.
The Objects are divided into three categories: Activities, Events and Gateways. In turn, the Activities are
divided into Tasks and Subprocesses. Specifically, the following objects are available:
- Tasks. These objects perform the process activities. They can be Personal or System Tasks.
- Subprocesses. These are ‘child’ processes that behave as a whole and help to simplify the dia-
gram.
- Groups of Tasks and other Objects that can function as independent operational units, even
though they are integrated in the Process.
- Events. In charge of starting and stopping the Process flows in the threads where they are situat-
ed.
- Gateways. These objects redirect the flow between the process threads depending on their con-
figuration and conditions.
8.1. Tasks
The Tasks perform the Process activities and are carried out either by people (Personal Tasks) or automati-
cally by the system (System Tasks). A Task can have several inlet connections but only one outlet, except
for Tasks with Embedded Events which may have two outlets: the first, the normal Task outlet (not always
required) and the second from the Embedded Event (mandatory).
SYMBOL FUNCTION
Simple
Personal Task
Task performed by a User of the System. There are three types
of performer: Internal User, External User and Guest User.
TP.33
Code: TP
System Task
Task carried out by the system. There is a System Task for each
function (Send a Notification to one or several destinations, Start
a Process, Execute a Stored Procedure, etc.).
TS
Code: TS
Code: TC
Code: TPM
Code: TPX
Code: TPC
The Developed Notation, which must be drawn in another part of the Diagram, shows the detail of the
objects and connections in the Subprocess.
SYMBOL FUNCTION
Simple
Subprocess
Sets of Objects with a homogenous purpose (a child diagram
within the parent diagram). They are represented by their Col-
lapsed notation to simplify the diagrams. They can be included
in the different points of the diagram where their operative is
required. The Developed notation is accessed from a link and
SP can be consulted from the Collapsed version when more detail is
required. This also helps to keep the integrity of the model from
start to end when the details of a Subprocess are not known.
Code: SP
Subprocess of Compensation
Subprocess that ‘compensates’ the effects of the Task with Em-
bedded Compensation Event (TPC) to which it is associated in a
Transaction.
TPC.47 It is only activated when the Embedded Compensation Event
Task (TPC) has been terminated successfully and however the
Transaction (that is the Subprocess SC) to which it belongs can-
SC
not be completed and must be cancelled, so it must be turned
back (compensated) using this Compensation Subprocess on
the actions carried out using the Task TPC. Code: SC
Code: SPM
Code: SPT
SPX
for the Embedded Message and Time Events.
Code: SPX
Transaction
This Subprocess, that always has an Embedded Compensation
Event, covers the Objects and Connections that configure a
Transaction. If it cannot be completed successfully, the corre-
sponding compensations must be carried out and activated the
exit by the Embedded Compensation Event.
SPC
Code: SPC
Note.
The expanded notation of this Subprocess must be
built correctly for the compensations to take place.
8.3. Events
The Events are in charge of starting and stopping the Process flows.
- Start Events start the Processes or Subprocesses. They have no inlet connection and only one
outlet.
- Intermediate Events stop the current in their position until the conditions established when de-
fining the attributes are met. They may have various inlet connections but only one outlet.
- End Events terminate the Processes and Subprocesses or stop the Currents of specific threads in
the Processes and Subprocesses. They may have several inlet connections but no outlets.
A Process or Subprocess may have several End and Intermediate Events, but they can only have one Start
Event.
SYMBOL FUNCTION
Start
Start Message Event
Starts the Process on receiving the Message edited with the
Form that specifies the attributes of the Event or by a Process
Code: IM (Invisible)
Code: IT (Invisible).
Code: IX (Invisible)
Intermediate
Intermediate Message Event
Stops the current until the Message edited with the Form that is
specified for this Event has been received or using a Message
activation System Task, generally from another Process.
EM
Code: EM
Link Event
Code: FN
Other
Control Point
Takes samples (of time and others) at the moment that the flow
passes through it. They are used in the Monitoring.
Code: K
8.4. Gateways
The Gateways re-direct the Process flows, deviating the current from one thread to another. The Divergent
Gateways (which only allow one Entrance), re-direct the current from the inlet thread to one or several of
the outlet threads. The Convergent Gateways (which only allow one outlet) group all or some of the cur-
rents from their inlet threads to one outlet thread.
SYMBOL FUNCTION
Divergent
Divergent Exclusive Gateway (XOR)
It has one Entrance and several Exits. The Exits must be num-
bered to establish the order in which they are to be examined,
as the first that fulfills the established conditions will direct the
Process flow. The rest of the Exits will be disqualified.
Code: DX
Code: DO
Code: DA
Convergent
Convergent Exclusive Gateway (XOR)
It has several Entrances and one Exit. When the first Entrance
occurs, it conducts the current to the Exit and the rest of the
Entrances are disqualified.
Code: CX
Code: CO
Code: CA
Collector (OR)
This Gateway is always open. Its mission is to re-direct any En-
trance to its one Exit when the current passes through it. Its use
is necessary to unite threads in the Objects that only accept one
Entrance (as is the case with the Divergent Gateways DX and
DO).
Code: CL
The circles have been included to represent any object: Task, Subprocess, Event or Gateway.
8.6. Artifacts
The Artifacts are complementary elements that help to improve the understanding of the Diagram. Their
function is to illustrate and not execute, therefore the Engine does not take them into account when exe-
cuting the Processes.
Used for grouping actions with the same criteria, for example, actions from the same department or busi-
ness area, etc.
They are most useful in very complex diagrams where the grouping simplifies the understanding of the
diagram.
To insert the representative icons of the different types of Rules (Textual, Assignation, Calculation and In-
ference). It doesn’t influence the Process execution.
Adapter (3)
This connects to external applications, like ERP, CRM, etc., to read, import or export information from the
Process. The connections with this Object are represented by trace lines.
Used to identify the Process. It automatically includes the date on which it has been added to the Canvas
as process creation date. Both the title and the date can be deleted if you don’t wish for them to appear.
Note (5)
Explicative text in a square bracket which can be placed in different positions. On adding the note to the
diagram, the square bracket will be on the left, as can be seen in the following image:
Right clicking on it with the mouse will open a submenu with the Bracket Position option, to change the
position is as desired.
Text shown in a post-it type artefact. The square’s dimensions can be adjusted at will. It can connect to
other objects if necessary.
To insert a free text in the Model. As in the rest of the Artifacts texts, both the letter type and its size and
attributes can be modified. It cannot connect to other Objects.
Text appearing in a square with a solid background of the desired color. The square length can be chosen
and then the height automatically adapts to the size of the contained text. It can connect to other objects if
necessary.
Dialog (9)
An elliptical shaped artefact that can outline text or other types of content. Its attributes can be changed
using the icons in the Quick Access Bar.
Note.
It is also possible to add external images to integrate them in any part of the dia-
gram.
With AuraPortal it is possible to perform “simulations” of the execution of the processes. This involves vir-
tually executing the processes in imaginary situations to identify and quantify any circumstances that could
potentially influence the real execution of these processes. These operations should reveal bottlenecks,
overloads, an unequal distribution of workloads, excessive times, costs, etc.
- Statistical Simulation
- Real Simulation
Looking again at the diagram of the AuraPortal Process Life Cycle, we can see how the Statistical Simula-
tion forms part of the Modeling Stage, and the Real Simulation forms part of the Execution Stage.
Likewise, the statistical simulation allows information to be obtained from the imagined environments but
this information is not suitable for detecting specific errors or insufficiencies in the design of the processes.
For example, excessive personal task execution times due to non-optimal designs of task forms, etc.
The statistical simulation practices show that the reliability of the conclusions only reach a first level estima-
tion, which in general is insufficient for determining the suitability of the process design. For this reason, in
AuraPortal the “statistical simulation” is amplified by the “Real Simulation”, which is generally much more
reliable because it does not involve resorting to probabilistic estimates. Instead it makes it possible to truly
observe the KPIs through real tests, and as many of these tests can be carried out as deemed necessary.
Note.
In contrast to the statistical simulation, the real simulation offered by AuraPortal is
within immediate reach, not only for the designers of the processes, but also for the
business directors and analysts, so that they can easily perform simulations on running
processes in real working environments, demonstrating the comparative advantage of
AuraPortal.
In effect, once an error or lack of performance is detected through the real simu-
lation, it can be corrected immediately without the need to perform any pro-
gramming.
The AuraPortal statistical simulation is configured and executed from the Simulation option (2) located in
the EXECUTION panel (1) of the Class of Process design, from Structure:
The left-hand panel in turn divides into two sections, the upper includes the general values of the Class of
Process and the lower shows a grid with the values specific to each object.
The upper section of the left-hand panel, shown above, shows the action buttons and the panels of general
simulation data:
ACTION BUTTONS
- Exit. This closes the simulation and takes you back to the main Class of Process design window in
the AuraPortal structure. In the Standalone Helium Modeler (which executes independently of
AuraPortal), this button takes you back to the Diagram design window.
- Save and Exit. This saves the configured values and closes the simulation.
- Save. This button saves the configured values without closing the simulation.
- Run. To start the simulation. While running, the Running! Label will be displayed.
- Stop. This is active while the simulation is running and will stop it if clicked. If clicked, the Can-
celled! Label will appear.
- Grid Only. This hides the right-hand panel containing the Diagram.
- Diagram Only. This hides the left-hand panel containing the grid. The buttons needed to run the
simulation will appear in the header.
PROCESSES
This indicates the values relative to the number of processes executed in the simulation:
- Total. The total number of processes you wish to execute in the simulation.
- Simultaneous. The number of processes that will be executed simultaneously during the simula-
tion.
- Completed. This shows the number of completed processes as they are completed during the
simulation, until the number indicated in Total is reached, unless the maximum time indicated in
Max Duration in the CALENDAR panel is reached first.
- Pending. This will show the difference between Total and Complete. To begin with it will be the
same as Total, and it will gradually reduce until reaching 0, unless the maximum time indicated in
Max Duration in the CALENDAR panel is reached first.
CALENDAR
The values relative to the simulation run times are indicated in the CALENDAR panel:
- Hours per Day. The number of working hours per day, by default 8.
This value acts as a base for the calculation of the simulation results. For example, if a process
takes 16 hours to execute, and the working day is 8 hours long, the total execution time of the
process would be 2 working days.
- Days per Month. This indicates the number of working days per month, by default 22.
- Max Duration. This is to define the maximum duration the simulation will run for. If no value is in-
dicated, Undefined will appear in the field, which means that the simulation will run as long as it
needs until the number of processes indicated in the Total option of the PROCESSES section has
been completed.
To indicate a limited duration, click on the EYE and a window like the following will open:
If values higher that the context of the fields are introduced, they will be recalculated automatical-
ly. For example, if 70 minutes is indicated, it will automatically be converted to 1 hour and 10
minutes.
In the Days and Hours fields, the calculation is based on the Hours per Day and Days per Month
values. This way, if 16 hours are indicated and Hours per Day is limited to 8 hours, it will automati-
cally be converted into 2 days.
- Real Duration. This shows the actual duration of the processes throughout the simulation run time.
The PERSONAL RESOURCES COST section includes all the information related to the costs of the people
that perform actions during the simulation.
- Currency. The currency you wish to be displayed in the results. To change it, click on the EYE and a
window like the following will appear:
- Expected Cost. Here the estimated costs of the simulation to be run are indicated.
- Real Cost. This will be filled in with the real costs resulting from the running of the simulation. As
will be seen further on, the costs are obtained from the values indicated in the parameter configu-
ration in the objects of the diagram that involve human intervention, specifically Personal Tasks
(TP), Start Messages (IM) and Intermediate Messages (EM).
- Deviation. This will calculate and show the difference between the two previous fields. If the esti-
mated cost is higher that the real cost it will be shown in green, and when the real cost is higher,
it will change to red.
- Personnel Time. This shows the time invested by the employees for the personal resources
throughout the simulation run time, i.e., in the Personal Tasks (TP), Start Messages (IM) and In-
termediate Messages (EM). This omits however the time spent for the System Tasks and other ob-
jects such as the Gateways that are not performed by people.
- Persons/Day. This shows the daily personal resources needed according to the result of the simu-
lation. As it refers to people, no decimals are used. For example, if a certain task has a duration of
4 hours and it is executed just once a day by just one person in a working day of 8 hours, the re-
sult of this field will be 1 person per day, even though it has only taken half of that time. To cor-
rectly analyze this result, it must be evaluated jointly with the staff performance; a datum which is
provided in the following field.
- Personnel Performance. This shows the performance of the personal resources. For example, if
each person executes just one Personal Task that has a duration of 4 hours in a working day of 8
hours, their performance will be 50%.
Now we will look at the details of the grid in the lower section of the left-hand panel:
- Object. This includes the code of the object, preceded by the page of the diagram where the ob-
ject is located.
- Name. The name of the object. If it doesn’t fit in the column, ellipses will appear and the full name
will be visible in the tooltip which appears on hovering over the cell with the mouse.
- Arrivals. The number of times the current flow has reached the object. It will be filled in while the
simulation is running.
- Completed. The number of objects completed during the simulation run time. This is different
from the Arrivals (previous column) for two values:
o If the process reaches an end before the object is terminated, it will not be completed
and therefore will not be counted.
o It takes into account the parallel execution of the Personal Tasks that are configured in
this way, that is, if an object is configured with two parallel performers, every time it is
completed the counter will increase by two.
- Total Time. Total execution time of each object during the simulation.
- % Time. Percentage of the run time of each object relative to the total of completed processes.
- Alerts. This shows, in orange, the number of objects that have reached the Alert stage for not be-
ing completed within the time indicated in their configuration.
- Alarms. This shows, in red, the number of objects that have reached the Alarm stage for not being
completed within the time indicated in their configuration.
- Persons / Day. This shows the daily personal resources needed for the execution of each object
during the simulation. As it refers to people, no decimals are used. For example, if a certain task
has a duration of 4 hours and it is executed just once a day by just one person in a working day of
8 hours, the result of this field will be 1 person per day, even though it has only taken half of that
time. To correctly analyze this result, it must be evaluated jointly with the performance of the per-
sonnel; a datum which is provided in the following cell.
- Performance. This shows the percentage yield of the objects executed by people. For example, if a
person executes just one Personal Task that has a duration of 4 hours in a working day of 8 hours,
their performance will be 50%.
- Cost ($). This is calculated automatically with the cost of each object during the simulation run
time.
The last column shows an icon with the status of the configuration of each object:
- ! – The red exclamation mark indicates that the object requires configuration. If it is not config-
ured, the simulation will run with default values, for example:
o TP, IM, EM, TS, FN and ET. These objects will have no estimated execution time or costs.
o The DO gateways will allow the flow to pass through just one outlet.
o The CO gateways will allow the flow to pass every time the current arrives.
- ! – The blue exclamation mark indicates that the object is partially configured for running the
simulation.
The red exclamation mark ( ! ) will change to blue ( ! ) if the configuration of an object is entered
for the first time and the Save and Exit button is clicked without making any changes. The default
values explained above will be used and the exclamation mark will change to blue.
- √- This icon indicates that all the parameters for the simulation have been configured.
The right-hand panel shows the Diagram of the Class of Process:
In both cases, the configuration window will open, which is detailed for each type of object below:
The configuration window has two panels: STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION and COST:
STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION
Given that the time it takes to perform the same task varies depending on the people and/or the circum-
stances, AuraPortal’s statistical simulation allows probabilistic calculations to be applied to the duration of
the BPM objects. This is the case with Start (IM) and Intermediate (EM) Messages and Personal (TP) and
System (TS) Tasks.
For this purpose, AuraPortal offers the most common Statistical Distributions which cover practically all the
necessary simulation possibilities. They are grouped in four sections according to the nature of their distri-
bution (FIXED VALUE, CONTINUOUS, DISCRETE and UNKNOWN).
Select the desired distribution in the configuration window of a Personal Task (TP) (previous image) and fill
in the options.
This option is used when the duration is known in advance with a fixed value and therefore there are no
deviations. For example, if it has been confirmed that the duration of a System Task (TS) is always 15 sec-
onds, the Fixed Value option will be used and this way all the executions of this task in all the processes
that are executed throughout the simulation, will take the same time of 15 seconds, without statistical vari-
ation.
- PARAMETERS. In this panel the only configuration parameter is Media, where the estimated aver-
age times desired for the duration of the object in the simulation is introduced. The data are in-
troduced in the Months, Days, Hours, Minutes and Seconds fields (30 minutes in the image be-
low):
If values higher that the context of the fields are introduced, they will be recalculated automatical-
ly. For example, if 70 minutes is indicated, it will automatically be converted to 1 hour and 10
minutes.
In the Days and Hours fields, the calculation is based on the Hours per Day and Days per Month
values. This way, if 16 hours are indicated and Hours per Day is limited to 8 hours, it will automati-
cally be converted into 2 days.
Note.
By default, all the objects have a minimum duration of 1 second during the run-
ning of the simulation. This time can be modified in the Start (IM) and Intermedi-
ate (EM) Messages, Time Events (ET), Personal (TP) and System (TS) Tasks. This
cannot be modified in the other objects, so they will always count last 1 second.
This is the case in the Gateways (CA, CX, CO, DA, DX, DO), Collectors (CL), Col-
lapsed Subprocesses (SP) and End of Subprocess Events.
- CHRONOMETRICS. In this panel the Alerts and Alarms are determined for controlling that the ob-
jects are terminated before a specific time, from the beginning of the process:
o Alert. Here we indicate the maximum time accepted from the start of the process until
the warning is triggered (1 Hour in the image). In the running of the simulation, an or-
ange counter will be displayed numbering the objects that are terminated after the indi-
cated time.
All the configuration details for the other distributions are explained in the STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS
chapter further on in this document.
COST
In the COST panel of the Personal Task configuration window (shown below), values can be indicated for
controlling the cost of the personnel required for the execution, with two parameters: Execution and Cost /
Performer:
- Execution. Here it is possible to define whether or not the object is going to be executed in paral-
lel by several employees at the same time. In the attributes for the real execution of the Task, this
simulation configuration corresponds to the assignment of a Parallel Employees Group as Per-
former. When the current reaches the object, each of the users belonging to the Group will re-
ceived a task.
Note.
If the Employees Group is Exclusive, the Task will only be executed by one of the
members of the Group, not by all of them, as is the case with a Parallel Employees
Group.
Cost / Performer. The cost per performer can be indicated per working day or per month, as desired. With
either option, the system will calculate the costs during the running of the simulation.
The configuration window for the simulation parameters in the process Start Messages (IM) is the follow-
ing:
Take note that in the Start Message configuration, no Alerts or Alarms are indicated, nor Parallel Execution.
The configuration window for the simulation parameters of the Intermediate Messages (EM) in the process
is the following:
System Tasks are not performed by people; the BPMS Motor is in charge of executing them. For this rea-
son, for simulation purposes, their configuration only takes into account the temporal values, not costs,
because the costs only apply to people:
9.1.1.5. DX Gateway
The DX Gateways allow just one current arrival and multiple possible outlets, but only one is active. When
the flow arrives, it will continue through the first outlet that meets the conditions.
For simulation purposes, the conditions are based on the percentage distribution of the outlets. Thus, the
configuration is based on determining the percentages of the process current that will exit through each
outlet.
The configuration window is the following (an example of a Gateway with 4 outlets):
As this type of Gateway only allows each flow arrival to exit through one outlet, the outlet used in the dif-
ferent simulation executions will depend on the indicated percentages.
9.1.1.6. DO Gateway
The DO Gateways allows just one current arrival and multiple possible simultaneous outlets, depending on
the conditions. When the current arrives, the flow will continue through all the outlets that meet the condi-
tions.
For simulation purposes, the conditions are based on the percentage distribution of sets of outlets.
The configuration window is the following (an example of a gateway with 4 outlets: Notify, Management,
Calculations and Administration):
In the example above, we can see that 3 sets of conditions have been created with the following percent-
ages:
- 50% of the current will continue through all of the outlets at the same time ( Notify, Management,
Calculations and Administration).
- 25% of the current would continue through just the Notify and Administration outlets.
9.1.1.7. CO Gateway
The CO Gateways allow multiple current arrivals but just one outlet, which will only become active once the
flow has arrived from all of the inlets that meet the established conditions.
For simulation purposes, the only thing to determine is the number of expected inlets.
The configuration window is the following (an example of a gateway with 2 inlets):
It is only necessary to indicate the number of expected arrivals in the Number of Arrivals field.
The End Events (of Processes and Subprocesses) allow the configuration of Alerts and Alarms, which have
already been explained previously:
Time Events allow the configuration of the time the current will be detained after arriving at the object,
including statistical distributions:
The following objects do not require any configuration for the simulation:
- DA Gateways. The current continues through all of the outlets at the same time.
- CA Gateways. The BPMS Motor waits for the current from all the inlets before it continues.
- CX Gateways. The flow will continue each time a current arrives.
- Collector. As with the CX Gateway, the flow continues each time a current arrives.
- IS Event. The start event of a Subprocess does not need configuring because its only function is to
pass the current to the Subprocess.
- EL Events. The Link Events do not need configuring because their only function is to pass the cur-
rent to the destination EL Event.
For this purpose, AuraPortal offers the most common Statistical Distributions which cover practically all the
necessary simulation possibilities. They are grouped in four sections according to the nature of their distri-
bution:
- FIXED VALUE. This option is used when the duration is known in advance with a fixed value and
therefore it is not susceptible to deviations. For example, if it has been confirmed that the dura-
tion of a System Task (TS) is always 15 seconds, the Fixed Value option will be used and this way
all the executions of this task in all the processes that are executed throughout the simulation, will
take the same time of 15 seconds, without statistical variation.
This group includes the following Distributions: Erlang, Normal, Negative Exponential, Gamma,
Log-Normal and Weibull:
- DISCRETE. The values of Discrete Distributions have a specific number, it can’t be any number. For
example, if warehouse materials are dispatched in just one lorry per day, the possible results are
whole numbers: 1 day, 2 days, 3 days… And if a delivery is prepared 1 minute after the lorry has
left, another whole day will be counted until the next lorry leaves.
- UNKNOWN. This is the case when there is statistical distribution but the curve is unknown. It in-
cludes Uniform and Triangular Distributions:
To configure the Statistical Distribution of an object, click on the object in the diagram, or in the grid in the
left-hand panel of the Simulation window, to open the configuration window.
We will look at more details about each of the Distributions in the following chapters.
This option is used when the duration is known in advance with a fixed value and therefore there are no
deviations. All the details of this option have been described previously in this document in the configura-
tion of the Personal Tasks (TP) section.
The Erlang Distribution generally best reflects the work carried out by people, where the times are distrib-
uted asymmetrically with respect to the most probable value, giving preference to the elongated times
over the shortened times, which is the case of the execution of the objects in the process diagrams. In oth-
er words, if it is considered that the most likely average execution time of a task is 1 hour, with a deviation
- PARAMETERS. The configuration parameters for the Erlang distribution are Average and K:
o Average. Introduce the estimated average duration of the object in the Months, Days,
Hours, Minutes and Seconds boxes.
o K. This parameter determines the amplitude of distributed values. The greater the value,
the more concentrated the results will be. In general, whole values are used between 1
and 5, and the most common is K=3.
Note.
The Erlang distribution encompasses the Negative Exponential distribution making
k=1, and encompasses the Gamma distribution making Shape=K and
Scale=Average/K. The results are practically the same as the Weibull and LogNormal
distributions. When the determination of the Average and K parameters is unreliable,
the Normal distribution can be used with the corresponding limits to simulate the
asymmetrical effect that characterizes the Erlang distribution.
- EQUIVALENCES. The equivalences panel shows the Mean and Standard Deviation values that cor-
respond to the introduced parameters. They are calculated automatically and are used to guide
the selection of the suitable parameters for each scenario.
o Standard Deviation. This refers to the estimated deviation from the Mean value. In the ex-
ample in the image, 15 minutes have been specified, which means a deviation of ±15
minutes from the hour introduced as the Average.
- LIMITS. Besides the introduced parameters, it is also possible to determine limits, both above and
below the Average.
o Lower Limit. Imagine that given the characteristics of a task you know that it is not possi-
ble to perform it in less than a specified amount of time. This will be the Lower Limit. If
nothing is indicated here, the value will be zero (0).
o Upper Limit. An example of an upper limit could be in a sale transaction, where the task
to be performed takes as long as the operator takes to perform it. This could be just sec-
onds, but in no circumstances should it take longer than a specified amount of time. This
specified time will be the Upper Limit. If nothing is indicated here, there will be no limit, it
will be infinite (∞).
The Normal distribution (Gauss-Laplace distribution) is one of the probability distributions that best adjusts
to the true facts, and is represented by a well-known curve, known as the Gaussian bell curve for its shape.
The horizontal axis shows the different records of the time duration of the object, and the vertical axis
shows the number of times the object is executed during the simulation.
The further away from the Average, the less the probability.
As the distribution is symmetrical, the values above and below the Average are distributed equally, not like
in the Erlang distribution where the higher values prevail.
As most of the tasks performed by people are more suited to the Erlang distribution, there are also cases
where a symmetrical distribution (like the Normal) is more suitable. For example, the duration of marketing
calls to potential customers does not necessarily have an asymmetric tendency.
- PARAMETERS. The configuration parameters for the Normal distribution are the Average and the
Standard Distribution:
o Average. The estimated average duration of the object is introduced in the Months, Days,
Hours, Minutes and Seconds boxes.
o Standard Deviation. This is the estimated deviation from the average value. In the exam-
ple, 10 minutes have been indicated; that is, a deviation of ±10 minutes from the 30-
minute average.
The deviation is represented in the graph with the Greek letter sigma () and marks the
inflection point where the curve starts to flatten on both sides.
- EQUIVALENCES. In the Normal distribution, the equivalences coincide with the parameters.
- LIMITS. As in all the distributions, besides the parameters introduced it is also possible to deter-
mine limits, both above and below the Average:
The Normal Distribution Law or Gauss-Laplace law is one of the most important of all the probability distri-
butions because it reflects a large amount of real phenomena.
It was first observed by Abraham de Moivre in 1733 and was later developed by Gauss in 1774 and Laplace
in 1812. It is represented with a curve well-known for its bell shape, shown in the image below:
For beginners to statistical analysis, in the curve that represents the normal distribution, the distance from
the central value to the inflection point (curvature change) of the curve is known as Standard Deviation and
is represented by the Greek letter sigma (). The standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion of the
values represented. The greater the , the flatter the curve and the more spread out the values are.
The probability that a random value of the studied population is between two given limits (A and B) is de-
termined by the “probability density” in the area between the curve and the vertical lines that indicate
these limits, as shown in the following graph:
The enclosed area between the A and B values is the measure of the probability density, which is calculated
using the following formula:
The P(x) function has a somewhat complex formulation which does not need to be explained here.
50%
± 0.68
95%
± 1.96
99%
± 2.58
99.8%
± 3.08
The values of the probability density of the area of the curve between + and - is the same for all the
distributions that follow the Normal law, and the area represents 68.26% of the measured values. This
means that in all statistical distributions that follow the Normal Law, 68.26% of the set of values fall within
the area enclosed by the curve and the vertical lines distanced + and - from the central value. If the en-
closed area is between +2 and -2, the probability density will reach 95.44%, and if it’s between +3 and -
3 it will reach 99.7%.
The Negative Exponential Distribution is asymmetric and is based on the Poisson statistical distribution, but
using the time it takes to cause a fact as the random variable.
Its applications are similar to the Erlang distributions explained previously, making K (Shape) = 1.
The EQUIVALENCES, LIMITS and CHRONOMETRICS panels are the same as those explained previously for
the Fixed Value, Erlang and Normal distributions. Refer to the corresponding sections further up in this
document for all the details.
- PARAMETERS. In the Gamma distribution, the parameters are Scale and Shape:
If the appropriate values are unknown, see the equivalences in the following panel.
An asymmetric continuous distribution with applications similar to the Erlang distribution is some scenari-
os:
- PARAMETERS. In the Gamma distribution, the configuration parameters are Location and Spread:
The EQUIVALENCES, LIMITS and CHRONOMETRICS panels are the same as those explained previously for
the Fixed Value, Erlang and Normal distributions. Refer to the corresponding sections further up in this
document for all the details.
An asymmetric continuous distribution with applications similar to the Erlang distribution is some scenari-
os.
If the appropriate values are unknown, see the equivalences in the following panel.
The EQUIVALENCES, LIMITS and CHRONOMETRICS panels are the same as those explained previously for
the Fixed Value, Erlang and Normal distributions. Refer to the corresponding sections further up in this
document for all the details.
This is a discrete distribution applicable to a number of correct values against tests that have been con-
ducted.
- PARAMETERS. In the Binomial distribution, the parameters are Trials and Probability:
The EQUIVALENCES, LIMITS and CHRONOMETRICS panels are the same as those explained previously for
the Fixed Value, Erlang and Normal distributions. Refer to the corresponding sections further up in this
document for all the details.
A discrete distribution applicable to a number of correct values against tests that have been conducted.
The EQUIVALENCES, LIMITS and CHRONOMETRICS panels are the same as those explained previously for
the Fixed Value, Erlang and Normal distributions. Refer to the corresponding sections further up in this
document for all the details.
This is the case when there is statistical distribution but the curve is unknown:
- PARAMETERS. In the Uniform distribution, the parameters are Minimum Value and Maximum Val-
ue:
The EQUIVALENCES, LIMITS and CHRONOMETRICS panels are the same as those explained previously for
the Fixed Value, Erlang and Normal distributions. Refer to the corresponding sections further up in this
document for all the details.
This is an unknown distribution which is only used when the only information available is related to the
measurement limits and the most probable value of the measurement:
- PARAMETERS. In the Triangular distribution there are three parameters: Mode, Minimum Value
and Maximum Value:
The EQUIVALENCES, LIMITS and CHRONOMETRICS panels are the same as those explained previously for
the Fixed Value, Erlang and Normal distributions. Refer to the corresponding sections further up in this
document for all the details.
The Grid and the Diagram will be filled in with the results during the running of the simulation:
The diagram Counters can be hidden at any time by clicking the button located in the
action bar above the diagram in the right-hand panel. To make them visible again, just re-click the same
button.
Depending on the complexity of the process being studied, the analysis of the simulation results may re-
quire multiple executions with different parameters, and although the number or executions may be high,
this is never a problem with the AuraPortal statistical simulation because it is capable of simulating years of
work in just seconds.
- Number of completed objects compared to the flow arrivals. Depending on the scenario, you
may wish for the objects the flow has arrived at to have sufficient time to be completed before
the process terminates in another part of the diagram. The AuraPortal Statistical Simulation pro-
vides information about the difference between the number of flow arrivals and completed ob-
jects.
- Chronometrics of the completed objects. The completed objects show the results of whether
they have been terminated within the expected time, or if they have entered Alarm or Alert
stage.
- Occupation percentage of the objects. It is also useful to see the percentage of time use of all
the objects within the process, to see where most time and resources are being spent.
The resulting values and calculations are filled in throughout the execution in the Grid and Diagram. From
the example in the previous image, the following things require some attention:
- PERSONAL RESOURCES COST – Deviation. From the $10.000 expected cost, there is a deviation
of $12,383.56.
In the Grid:
- 1.TP.6. Of the 1000 completed 1.TP.6, 318 have reached the Alert time and 299 the Alarm time.
- 1.TP.8. The 299 completed 1.TP.8 have reached the Alert time.
- Performance. Note that all of the values are in red and most of them are a long way off the opti-
mum 100%.
In the Diagram:
During the execution of the simulation, the objects that receive current will light up with different colors
depending on their chronometrics. See the examples below:
The element counter can be seen inside each object, showing the
completed objects according to their chronometrics, in this case:
Orange when the object has completed in Alert time. In this case:
299 have completed in Alert time. If any object has reached the
Alert, it will be shown in orange even though some objects have
completed within the expected time.
Once the simulation is complete, the Charts and Graphs button will become active in the actions bar:
Clicking this button will open a window with all the details of the results already seen, as well as displaying
them in graph format.
The General tab shows the same data that we have seen in the simulation execution, with the possibility of
exporting them to a file in PDF format:
In the Description field, write the description you would like to appear in the PDF document.
The Arrivals / Completed tab shows bar charts comparing the number of times the flow has arrived at the
objects with the number that have actually been completed. If any processes are completed before some
of the objects where the flow has arrived, the number of Arrivals will be greater than the number of Com-
pleted.
This tab compares the three chronometrics parameters of the objects; completed in Alarm time, Alert time
or within the Expected time:
This tab shows a pie chart which proportionally distributes the runtime of the objects over the total
runtime of the Processes.
Unlike the statistical simulation, the real simulation offered by AuraPortal is at the fingertips of not just the
designers of the processes, but also the business managers and analysts, so that they can easily perform
simulations on running processes in real working environments.
The power of the real simulation offered by AuraPortal is based on two important characteristics. Firstly,
the possibility of interchanging the “Development Environment” and the “Testing Environment” modes of
the process design as many times as necessary. And secondly, the enormous flexibility available when
modifying the process designs, both on a Diagram level and the attributes of the objects, which allows
improvements, adjustments and corrections to be made at any time and very quickly.
Combining both possibilities, the real simulation can be focused on in two ways:
- Quick execution
The way of implementing this type of simulation depends on the scenario, but here are a couple of exam-
ples to get an idea of its scope:
- Example 1. Variation of the Performers. A complex workflow which affects a large number of
different users can be analyzed by altering the identity of the performers, so that just one or two
people receive and execute all the tasks that would normally correspond to a large number of
performers. This makes it possible to check the process execution threads, determining the real-
time usage in each task and checking their suitability. The results obtained are a reliable reflection
of what will really happen when the process is executed in the real production and everything can
be tested previously without risk and with high accuracy, with the participation of just one or two
people.
The way to modify the identity of the performers depends on the design of each case, but it can
be as simple as temporarily substituting (for the duration of the simulation) the users belonging
to the Roles (Singular and Generic for employees and Account Profiles for External and Guest
users).
- Example 2. Variation of the Diagram. If you want to verify just one part of the Diagram, which
can be difficult or slow to reach through the normal execution from the start of the process, just
add a DX Gateway close to the IM, followed by an “origin” Link Event. This way, as soon as the
process starts, the current will always flow directly to the desired part of the Diagram, where the
corresponding “destination” Link Event will also have been placed, followed by a Collector or a CX
Gateway.
These temporary changes in the diagram will greatly ease the real simulation tests in complex
scenarios, as several successive processes can be started to quickly reach the part of the Diagram
being analyzed.
Note.
If values are required to perform these tests that are normally introduced from the Di-
agram objects that have been bypassed in the simulation, the UPLOADER System Task
or similar can be introduced provisionally.
These scenarios really highlight the comparative advantages of AuraPortal. In effect, when performing the
simulation, any errors or lack of performance that may be detected in the process can be modified imme-
diately bypassing to “Development Environment” mode, and these modifications can also be tested imme-
diately in execution by returning to “Testing Environment” mode, with no need to perform any program-
ming. And this can be done as many times as necessary very quickly. This is also the case if you just want to
check the behavior of the process, trying out different parameters in the System Tasks, the Personal Tasks
or other objects in the design.
Unlimited “what-if” scenarios can be simulated passing from “Testing Environment” mode to “Development
Environment” mode, as many times as you wish and in just minutes or hours, compared to the weeks or
even months it takes to perform similar simulations with other BPM systems that require programming to
implement the modifications.
However, it may be valid in some scenarios to work temporarily with processes with real data in “Testing
Environment” mode. This way, adjustments can be made to the design at any moment before definitively
completing it. In other words, the design may be left open until its suitability has been demonstrated
through the real execution of the users. In this scenario, the changes to the design of the running process-
es must be made with sufficient knowledge of their consequences so as not to affect the processes that are
running at that moment.
Note.
The configuration parameters for the object simulation can be included in the ex-
port document by marking the corresponding option. Refer to the chapter about
Export in this document for more information.