SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA

NUR ANISAH
BAGIAN HISTOLOGI & BIOLOGI SEL,
FAKULTASKEDOKTERAN,
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA, YOGYAKARTA
Blok Sistem Reproduksi, 9 Feb 2010 [04]
memiliki
enam fungsi utama:
Menghasilkan gamet betina, yaitu
ovum,
melalui proses oogenesis
Menerima gamet jantan, yaitu
spermatozoa
Menyediakan lingkungan yang sesuai
untuk
pembuahan ovum oleh spermatozoa
Menyediakan lingkungan yang sesuai
untuk
perkembangan janin 2
 GAMBARAN UMUM
SISTEM REPRODUKSI WANITA

█ KOMPONEN SISTEM
■ Ovarium (indung telur)
■ Tuba uterina (tuba
Falopii/oviduct)
■ Uterus (rahim)
■ Vagina
■ Apparatus genitalia externa
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ORGANA GENITALIA
FEMININA

ORGANA GENITALIA EXTERNA

ORGANA GENITALIA INTERNA

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Organa genitalia feminina
interna dan externa

Ø lateral organa genitalia

feminina

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Figure . Internal organs of the female reproductive system.

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1. Ovarium
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● Organ ini merupakan gonade

● Tersusun oleh:
- folikel-folikel → perkembangan telur
(ovum)
- setelah folikel masak, ovum dilepaskan,
sedangkan folikel yg tertinggal
membentuk → corpus luteum:
memproduksi hormon estrogen &
progesteron
Figure 23—2. Ovary of a woman of reproductive age showing its main components:
germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortical region, and medullary region.
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 Figure. Photomicrograph of part of
an ovary showing the cortical and
medullary regions. H&E stain. Low
magnification.

Ovary human, H&E

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 Folliculus ovarii
 Folliculus primordialis
 Pertumbuhan follikel:
a. Folliculi primarius:
i. Folliculus primarius unilaminarius
ii. Folliculus multilaminarius
b. Folliculus secundarius
7. Folliculus maturus = folliculus de Graaf
8. Folliculus atreticus

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Fig. Types of ovarian follicles, from
primordial to mature.
The relative proportions of the follicles are
not maintained in this
11 drawing.
Perkembangan folikel
12

 Folliculus ovarii
 Epitel
 Cortex
 Figure 23—6. Cortical region of an
ovary. Besides primordial follicles
formed by an oocyte and flat
follicular cells, a few follicles at the
initial stage of growth (unilaminar
primary follicles) are present.
These are formed by an oocyte
and one layer of cuboidal
granulosa cells. Pararosaniline—
toluidine blue (PT) stain. Low
magnification.

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 Figure 23—7.
Photomicrograph of a
preantral ovarian follicle
formed by an oocyte and
several layers of
granulosa cells. The
oocyte is surrounded by
the zona pellucida.
Picrosirius-hematoxylin
(PSH) stain. Medium
magnification.

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 Folliculus
secundarius Folliculus de Graaf
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 Figure 23—9. Photomicrograph
of part of an antral follicle.
Cavities (A) that appear in the
granulosa layer will fuse and
form one large cavity, the
antrum. The oocyte is
surrounded by the zona
pellucida. Granulosa cells (G)
surround the oocyte and cover
the wall of the follicle. A theca
can be seen around the follicle.
H&E. Medium magnification.

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Figure 23—10. Photomicrograph of an antral follicle showing the oocyte
surrounded by the granulosa cells of the corona radiata and supported by the
cells of the cumulus oophorus. The remaining granulosa cells form the wall of
the follicle and surround the large antrum. A theca surrounds the whole follicle.
PT stain. Medium magnification.
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Figure 23—11. Photomicrograph of a small part of the wall of an antral
follicle, showing the antrum, the layer of granulosa cells, and the thecas.
The theca interna surrounds the follicle, and its cells appear lightly stained
because their cytoplasm contains lipid droplets, a characteristic of steroid-
producing cells. The theca interna is surrounded by the theca externa,
which merges with the stroma of the ovary. A basement membrane
separates the granulosa layer from the theca interna. PT stain. High
magnification.
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Figure 23—12. Photomicrograph of the atresia of a follicle characterized
by: (1) the death of granulosa cells, many of which are seen loose in the
antrum; (2) loss of the cells of the corona radiata; and (3) the oocyte
floating free within the antrum. PT stain. Medium magnification.
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 Figure 23—13. Part of
a corpus luteum.
Granulosa lutein cells,
which constitute the
majority of the cells,
derive from the
granulosa layer.
They are larger and
stain more lightly than
the theca lutein cells,
which originate from
the theca interna.

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 Figure 23—14.
Photomicrograph of a
small portion of a
corpus luteum. Most
cells present in the
figure are granulosa
lutein cells. PT stain.
High magnification.

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 Figure 23—15. Pituitary hormones
control most ovarian functions.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates follicular growth and
synthesis of estrogen by the
granulosa cells.

- Luteinizing hormone (LH)

induces ovulation and transforms
the granulosa layer and the theca
interna into an actively secreting
gland, the corpus luteum.

- Estrogen and progesterone

produced in the ovary act on the
hypothalamus, stimulating or
inhibiting the liberation of
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH).

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 Figure 23—16. Corpus
albicans, the scar of
connective tissue that
replaces a corpus luteum
after its involution.

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Corpus luteum
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Corpus albicans
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 mrpk massa jar. fibrosa

tidak aktif
 Gamb. utama ovarium
manusia, jumlahnya
meningkat dng usia,
sering tampak
menempati hampir
seluruh jar. stroma
ovarium
2. Tuba uterina (oviduct)

Terdapat sepasang, panjang ± 12

cm
Menjaring ovum yang telah lepas
Sebagai tempat utama fertilisasi
Membawa ovum ke uterus, baik
yang sudah mengalami fertilisasi
maupun yang belum mengalami
fertilisasi, transportasi zygot ke
uterus 26
Bagian-bagian tuba uterina

Pars interstitialis
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum, lanjutan lapisan
mukosanya berbentuk seperti jari-jari →
fimbriae

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 Figure 23—17.
Photomicrograph of part of
the wall of an oviduct. The
highly folded mucosa
indicates that this region is
close to the ovary. PT stain.
Low magnification.

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Figure 23—18. Photomicrograph of the epithelial lining of an oviduct. The
epithelial lining is formed by ciliated and more darkly staining nonciliated
secretory cells. Ciliated cells contribute to the movement of the oocyte or
conceptus to the uterus. PT stain. High magnification.

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Struktur dinding tuba uterina
1. Tunika mukosa: Epithelium simplex
columnare:
a. Kolumner bersilia
b. “Peg cells” → berukuran rendah,
diantara
sel-sel bersilia, mensekresi
mukus:
- menolong transportasi ovum
dan
menghalang-halangi masuknya
bakteri
ke cavum peritonii 30
Tuba uterina (tuba Fallopii)

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Ampula & ismus tuba uterina
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3. Uterus
Dilapisi oleh mukosa (endometrium)
yg mengalami perubahan-
perubahan struktur berkala→
dikendalikan oleh hormon ovarium
Berperan sebagai tempat implantasi
dan pemberian makanan ovum yg
telah mengalami fertilisasi

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Bagian-bagian uterus:

Badan = body atau corpus

Fundus
Cervix atau leher

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Struktur dinding uterus:
Fundus dan corpus disusun oleh 3
lapisan:
- Myometrium: otot polos 4 lapis
- Endometrium: mukosa uterus t.d.:
selapis epitel kolumner, lamina
propria,
gld. tubuler simplex.
Endometrium : - stratum
fungsionale
- stratum
basale 35
Uterus
36

 Fundus
 Tumor
otot
/Leiomyoma
 Body
 Endocervix
 Cervix

 Ectocervix
Tipe leiomyoma kecil

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Endoserviks

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Serviks uteri
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Carsinoma cervix
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 Sel epitel cervix

 Sel epitel
abnormal

 Membana basalis
 Stroma
Korpus uteri fase haid
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1. Vagina

Mrpk organ serupa tabung ini

membantu
mendorong sperma melalui cervix
Cairan di dalam lumen vagina
menambah
motilitas sperma
Di bawah pengaruh estrogen, epitel
vagina
menebal dan sel-selnya menimbun
glikogen, 42
Vagina
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Vagina

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5. Apparatus genitalia externa
● Terdiri atas : - Clitoris
- Labium
mayus
- Labium
minus
● Mengandung sejumlah
besar
ujung-ujung serabut saraf
→ 45
46
 Siklus menstruasi
Uterus→ Lap. Mukosa: -
endometrium
-
miometrium
Perubahan siklis endometrium
berlangsung melalui 2 fase:
* Fase proliferasi
* Fase sekresi 47
48
49
Endometrium proliferatif

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Endometrium proliferatif

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Endometrium

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Endometrium

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Endometrium: permulaan
menstruasi

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Permukaan endometrium

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Endometrium: pasca
menopause

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Endometrium pasca
menopause

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Miometrium
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Fertilisasi dan implantasi

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Plasenta

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61
62
Desidua
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 a. desidua → hub.
Perkembangan
fetus&plasenta
 b. desidua :
- parietalis(DP)
- capsularis (DC)
- basalis (DB)
 c. sel desidua:
- poligonal
- nukleus tercat pucat
- granula sitoplasma
eosinofilik
Desidua

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Plasenta tahap awal

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Bagian tepi vilus

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Plasenta muda

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Plasenta tua

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Plasenta tua
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Membran janin

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Funikulus umbilikalis
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Funikulus umbilikalis (tali pusat)

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GLANDULA MAMMAE

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 - Schematic drawing of the
female breast showing
inactive and active
mammary glands.

- Each lactiferous duct with

its accompanying smaller
ducts is a gland in itself and
constitutes the lobes of the
gland.

74
 Figure 23—28. Changes in the
mammary gland. A: In
nonpregnant women, the gland
is quiescent and
undifferentiated, and its duct
system is inactive. B: During
pregnancy, alveoli proliferate at
the ends of the ducts and
prepare for the secretion of milk.
C: During lactation, alveoli are
fully differentiated, and milk
secretion is abundant. Once
lactation is completed, the gland
reverts to the nonpregnant
condition.

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Glandula mammae
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 STRUKTUR MAMMAE
Terdiri dari : Jaringan alveolar
(kelenjar susu) :
* lobus-lobus dipisahkan oleh j. ikat &
j.
lemak
* setiap lobus bermuara ke ductus
lactiferus (saluran air susu)
* Saluran limfe sebagai plexus halus
dalam
septum interlobularis jaringan 77
 Photomicrograph of lactating
mammary gland.

Several alveoli are filled

with milk, visible as granular
material.

The vacuoles in the lumen

and in the alveolar cell
cytoplasm represent the lipid
portion of milk.

PT stain. Medium
magnification.

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Figure 23—30. Secreting cells from the mammary gland.
From left to right, note the accumulation and extrusion of
lipids and proteins.
The proteins are released through exocytosis.
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Glandula mammae

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Kelenjar mamma non-aktif

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Glandula mammae selama
kehamilan

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Glandula mammae dalam
masa laktasi

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Kelenjar mamma dalam masa
laktasi
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ORGANA GENITALIA
FEMININA

ORGANA GENITALIA EXTERNA

ORGANA GENITALIA INTERNA

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ORGANA GENITALIA
EXTERNA
CLITORIS
VESTIBULUM
LABIUM MINUS
LABIUM MAYUS
KELENJAR DEWASA
(SELAMA KEHAMILAN)
KELENJAR LAKTASI
INVOLUSI SENILIS

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FUNGSI :
Sebagai jalan masuk sperma ke

dalam tubuh wanita

Sebagai pelindung organ kelamin
dalam dari organisme penyebab
infeksi

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88
Klitoris
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Labium minus

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Labium mayus

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