Digital Image Processing

Image Enhancement
Image Enhancement
Point Processing
Point Processing
• Linear
• Logarithmic
• Power law
Point Processing
Point Processing
Point Processing
Power law transformation
Results of applying the transformation with c=1 and gamma= 0.6, 0.4, 0.3 and 1, 3, 4
Piecewise Processing
Piecewise Linear Transformation
• Contrast Stretching
It is a process that expands the range of intensity levels in an image
so that it spans the full intensity range of the recording medium or
display device
Piecewise Linear Transformation
Histogram
Histogram
Histogram Equalization- Sum
Spatial Filtering
Averaging Filter
Weighted Average Filter
Example
Let 3x3 neighborhood has values
(10, 20, 20, 20, 15, 20, 20, 25, 100)
1 Step: Sort
(10, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 25, 100)
2 Step: Median
20
3 Step: Replace
(10, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 25, 100)
Definition
• First order Derivative of 1-D function

• Second order Derivative of 1-D function

• Second order Derivative of 2-D function
 First Derivative – The Gradient
• Roberts cross gradient operators [1965]

• Sobel operators
Combining Enhancement Methods
Combining Enhancement Methods