Group 1 Group 17 Group 18 Period 3

Melting and DECREASE. The INCREASE. The INCREASE. INCREASE from

boiling points atomic radius atomic radius The atomic Na to Al
increases. The increases. The radius because the
distance Van der Waals’ increases. The metallic bonds
between the forces between Van der Waals’ in these metals
positive nucleus the molecules forces between get stronger.
and valence increase. More the DECREASE from
electrons heat energy is neighbouring Si to Ar because
increases. The needed to atoms increase. the Van der
attractive forces overcome the More heat Waals’ forces of
between the intermolecular energy is attraction
positive nucleus forces when needed to between the
and valence melting or overcome the molecules get
electrons boiling. forces of weaker.
decreases. The attraction Melting point of
metallic bond is between atoms Si is the highest
weaker. Less when melting because of
heat energy is or boiling. strong three-
needed to dimensional
overcome the covalent bonds.
forces of
attraction
between atoms
when melting
or boiling.
Atomic radius INCREASE. INCREASE. DECREASE.
Because the Because the Because the
distance number of proton number
between the electron-filled increases. The
positive nucleus shells in the number of
and the atom increases. protons in the
outermost shell nucleus
filled with increases but all
electron the atoms have
increases. 3 shells
occupied with
electrons. The
number of
positive charges
in the nucleus
increases. The
attractive forces
between the
 positive nucleus
and the
electrons is
stronger. The
electrons in
each shell of the
atom are more
strongly
attracted to the
nucleus and
pulled closer to
the nucleus.
Changes in INCREASE. The DECREASE. x INCREASE. The
reactivity atomic radius The atomic atomic radius
increases. The radius increases. decreases. The
distance The distance distance
between the between the between the
positive nucleus positive nucleus positive nucleus
and valence and valence and valence
electrons electrons electrons
increases. The increases. The decreases. The
attractive forces attractive forces positive charges
between the between the in the nucleus
positive nucleus positive nucleus increases. The
and valence and valence attractive forces
electrons electrons between the
decreases. The decreases. It is nucleus and the
metallic bond is more difficult for electrons in the
weaker. It is the nucleus of electron shells
easier for bigger an atom to become
atoms to lose attract an stronger. The
valence electron to form atoms have
electrons to negative ions. high tendency
form positive to attract
ions. electrons to
form negative
ions.
Density INCREASE. INCREASE.
Because the Because the
increase of increase of
atomic mass is atomic mass is
bigger than the bigger than the
increase of increase of
atomic radius. atomic radius.