INTRODUCTION

Audio and video system verification is when utilized in an electronic security application, it
allows the monitoring center to either “hear” or “see” into the protected premise to determine
if an intruder is present. There are three major methods being utilized in the market today.
Firstly, listen-in audio. When a security device has been activated, such as a door contact or
motion detector, etc., the listen-in device is also turned on to allow the monitoring center to
hear what is happening at the protected premises. Secondly, two-Way audio. A hands free
communication session takes place between the alarm user and monitoring center to assist in
determining the cause of an alarm activation in the protected premise. This method is most
commonly used with the alarm user’s keypad. Thirdly, impact activated audio. Sounds are
transmitted to the monitoring center from the protected premise by an audio sensor, which is
capable of hearing the sounds of an actual intrusion as it is taking place. This is different from
the listen-in capability in that no other security device needs to be activated for this
technology to function.

OBJECTIVE

1. To knows about PA system installation.

2. To knows how to do a PA system plan preventive maintenance.
3. To study about type of cable used in PA system.
4. To learn how to troubleshoot PA system equipment.
5. To knows how to draw a PA system diagram.
THEORY

PA System

A public address system (PA System) is an electronic system comprising microphones,

amplifiers, loudspeakers and related equipment. It increases the apparent volume (loudness)
of a human voice, musical instrument or other acoustic sound source or recorded sound or
music.
PA systems are used in any public venue that requires that an announcer, performer,
etc. be sufficiently audible at a distance or over a large area. Typical applications include
sports stadiums, public transportation vehicles and facilities, and live or recorded
music venues and events. A PA system may include multiple microphones or other sound
sources, a mixing console to combine and modify multiple sources, and multiple amplifiers
and loudspeakers for louder volume or wider distribution.
Simple PA systems are often used in small venues such as school auditoriums,
churches, and small bars. PA systems with many speakers are widely used to make
announcements in public, institutional and commercial buildings and locations—such
as schools, stadiums, and passenger vessels and aircraft. Intercom systems, installed in many
buildings, have both speakers throughout a building, and microphones in many rooms so
occupants can respond to announcements. PA and Intercom systems are commonly used as
part of an emergency communication system.
The term, sound reinforcement system generally means a PA system specifically for
live music or performance.[1] In Britain any PA system is sometimes colloquially referred to
as a Tannoy, after the company of that name now owned by TC Electronic Group, which
supplied a great many of the PA systems used previously in Britain.
Composite Video (RCA jack plug, or F-pin)

Composite video is the format of an analog television signal before it is modulated onto an
RF carrier. Composite video is video information transmitted as a single over one wire. Most
older home video equipment (VCR and laserdisc) record a signal in Composite Video format
and then give the user the option of outputting the raw signal, or mixing it with RF to appear
on a selected TV channel. The composite video signal is typically connected using an RCA
jack, normally yellow (often accompanied with red and white for right and left audio
channels, respectively).
The process of modulating RF with the original video signal, and then demodulating
the original signal again in the TV, introduces several losses into the signal. RF is "noisy"
because of all of the video and radio signals already being broadcast, so this conversion
typically adds noise or interference to the signal. As the modulation and demodulation of RF
loses quality, the mixing of the various signals into the original composite signal causes
quality loss. This has led to new video cable systems such as S-Video and Component Video
to separate out one or more of the mixed signals.
S-Video (Super-Video)

S-Video is a technology for transmitting video signals over a cable by dividing the video
information into two separate signals, one for colour (chrominance) and the other for
brightness (luminance). When sent to a television, this produces sharper images than
Composite Video, where the video information is transmitted as a single signal over one wire.
This is because televisions are designed to display separate Luminance (Y) and Chrominance
(C) signals. (The terms Y/C video and S-Video are the same).
Computer monitors are designed for RGB (short for Red, Green, Blue monitor)
signals. Most digital video devices such as digital cameras and game players produce video in
RGB format. The images are clearer when displayed on a computer monitor. When displayed
on a standard television, however, they look better in S-Video format than in Composite
Video format.
To use S-Video, the device sending the signals must support S-Video output and the
device receiving the signals must have an S-Video input jack. Then you need an S-Video
cable to connect the two devices.
S-video cable is capable of running over 200 feet with little signal loss. S-Video cable
doesn't always come standard with a TV, and usually must be purchased separately.
Component Video

Component video uses three separate cables to send red, green and blue signals to provide the
sharpest, clearest, best possible picture. Not all TVs have component video inputs. If your TV
doesn’t, then use an S-Video cable. While Component Video is a high-performance video
connection for digital sources such as HDTV and DVD, it’s still an analog-based connection.
In order to operate in the digital domain, component video must undergo multiple digital-to-
analog conversions that degrade the signal quality. This signal loss can result in decreased
resolution and detail, as well as other video problems. The picture quality after several
digital-to-analog conversions is similar to looking at a copy of a photocopy - each new copy
looks worse than the previous. It is not as sharp and true as the original.

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

DVI is a digital interface standard to convert analog signals into digital signals to
accommodate both analog and digital monitors. The standard specifies a single plug and
connector that encompass both the new digital and legacy VGA interfaces, as well as a
digital-only plug connector. DVI handles bandwidths in excess of 160 MHz and thus supports
UXGA and HDTV with a single set of links. Higher resolutions can be supported with a dual
set of links.
The DVI interface provides a pure digital video connection for a better picture.
DVI is a pure digital-to-digital signal that delivers a sharp picture and maximum color
saturation, maximizing the quality of flat-panel LCD monitors and high-end video graphics
cards. Today, DVI is used to transfer the digital video signal from compatible source devices
like high-end DVD players to HDTV's, EDTV's, plasma displays and other high-end video
displays.
HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)

HDMI is the next best level because HDMI combines Digital Video (DVI) AND Multi-
Channel Audio, and more - all into one convenient cable. With the DVI video cable, you
must hook up the audio using separate cables, since DVI transfers only digital video signals.
DVI cables typically don’t exceed 16 feet since longer lengths may result in an unreliable
signal.
HDMI is the first interface to carry high-definition video (720p & 1080i or standard
video formats) AND multi-channel surround sound audio. HDMI cables are available in runs
of up to 40 feet while still maintaining optimum data transfer.
Another key convenience feature is the HDMI ability to let components and displays
“talk” to each other via the remote control channel (requiring only one remote control for an
entire system). HDMI allows your components to automatically find and play back at each
other’s highest resolution sound and format all automatically. HDMI is backwards-
compatible with DVI, so you don’t have to immediately upgrade existing cables or
components until you’re ready.

PROCEDURE
1. Assess and verify the audio video system performances and record the results in Table
1.
2. Determine the criteria, responsible party and measurement/pass/fail of each item.
3. Do plan preventive maintenance checklist.
4. Checked all audio performance tests are made from all electronic system inputs to all
electronic system outputs.
5. Record all result in checklist table.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

EQUIPMENT SYMPTOMS TROUBLESOOTING CONCLUSION

Mixer No input power  Changed the other  Mixer still can’t

power supply cable. on.
 Change the other power  Hear a sound
supply socket. like supply
 Checking plug fuse in voltage and
good condition. current not flow
through the
mixer.
 Can’t further
troubleshoot due
to mixer
maintenance is
under faculty
management
Projector No output sound  Connected VGA cable  Mixer processed
to laptop and projector the audio output
display on lcd. from projector to
 Projector connected to speaker but in
mixer using microphone this situation
jack but not process due mixer have a
to mixer problem. problem.
 Suspect audio
not processed in
mixer.
 Also can use
VGA cable pair
with audio jack
connected to
speaker.
Main Speaker No output sound  Retighten the cable.  Suspect audio
 Check cable connection not processed in
speaker to mixer. mixer.
 All process in
mixer.

Conference No input and  Open microphone  Conference

Microphone output audio on casing. microphone also
microphone.  Checking fuse using build in with
multimeter. Multimeter speaker. In can
got a reading, its mean transmit and
fuse in good condition. receive sound.
 Checking speaker using  The cut wired
multimeter. Polarity and make the
reading in good microphone not
condition. function due to
 Cable connected speaker cannot transmit
to microphone in casing and receive
was cut. Transmitter and audio.
receiver are not  The cable very
function. thin, its hard to
 Mark all the problem connected again
microphone in labelling. by soldering.
 Need to send
back to factory
to restore it.
PUBLIC ADDRESS (PA) SYSTEM DIAGRAM
CONCLUSION

Public Address (PA) System is an electronic equipment that function applifier and
distribution audio system. The basic equipment consist microphone, mixer, amplifier and
speaker. In this lab, we do how to make a preventive maintenance to PA system equipment.
One checklist are provided to fill the maintenance report. In checklist consist :
1. Audio performance
2. Video performance
3. Cable management, termination and labelling
4. Control performance
5. Electrical
6. Information technology
7. Operational
8. Physical environment
9. Physical installation
10. Wireless

Besides that, we identify the cable and connector used in PA system audio and video.
The purpose of each cable. Then we draw a PA system diagram with equipment and type of
cable used. After that we troubleshoot the PA system in conference room at faculty. Many
things we do to troubleshoot the audio system such as mixer, speaker, microphone and
projector. Basic to troubleshoot the equipment need to use multimeter to check the polarity
and continuity. We try to identify the symptoms of problem and try to restore it.