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Islamic University of Gaza - Tank Design PDF
Islamic University of Gaza - Tank Design PDF
x
Y-axis is the horizontal axis
X-axis is the vertical axis direction downward
Mx moment per unit width stretching the fibers parallel to the x direction
when the plate is in the x-y plane. This moment determines the steel in
the x (vertical direction).
My moment per unit width stretching the fibers parallel to the y direction
when the plate is in the x-y plane. This moment determines the steel in
the y (horizontal direction).
The Subscript in Mx and My is not the axis of the moment
The moments are not in a particular principal plane
Moment coefficient for Slabs with various edge
Conditions
Moment coefficient for Slabs with various edge
Conditions
Moment coefficient for Slabs with various edge
Conditions
Moment coefficient for Slabs with various edge
Conditions
Moment coefficient for Tanks with Walls Free at
Top and Hinged at Bottom (Table 5)
Moment coefficient for Tanks with Walls Free at
Top and Hinged at Bottom (Table 5)
Moment coefficient for Tanks with Walls Hinged
at Top and Bottom (Table 6)
Moment coefficient for Tanks with Walls Hinged
at Top and Bottom (Table 6)
Shear Coefficeient
Along vertical edges, shear in one wall is also used as axial tension
in the adjacent wall and must be combined with bending moment to
determine tensile reinforcement
Table 7. Shear at Edges of Slabs Hinged at Top and Bottom
Shear Coefficients
Notes on Tables 7
The first five lines in Table 7 are shears per linear length in
terms of wa2.
The remaining four lines are total shears in kN depending on
how w is given.
Shears per linear foot are for ratios of b/a = 1/2, 1,2, and
infinity.
The difference between the shear for b/a = 2 and infinity is so
small that there is no necessity for computing coefficients for
intermediate values.
When b/a is large, a vertical strip of the slab near midpoint of
the b dimension will behave essentially as a simply supported
one-way slab.
Shear Coefficeient
Notes on Tables 7
Total pressure on a strip 1 m wide is 0.50wa2, of which two-
thirds or 0.33wa2 is the reaction at the bottom support and one-
third or 0.17wa2 is the reaction at the top.
The shear at midpoint of the bottom edge is 0.3290wa2 for b/a
= 2.0, the coefficient being very close to that of one third for
infinity.
In other words, maximum bottom shear is practically constant
for all values of b/a greater than 2
At the corner, shear at the bottom edge is negative and
numerically greater than shear at midpoint.
Shear Coefficients
For b/a = ½ and 1 it makes little difference in total shear the area
within shear curves-whether the top is supported or not.
Consequently, curves for b/a = ½ and 1 remain practically
unchanged.
For b/a = 2 a change in the support at the top has little effect upon
shear at the bottom of the fixed edge.
Shear Coefficients
D B F
Example 1 (Open-Top Single-Cell Tank)
1/4 0.026 0.059 0.015 0.034 -0.016 -0.089 -0.006 -0.26 -0.002 -0.003
1/2 0.045 0.048 0.031 0.031 -0.016 -0.062 0.003 -0.012 +0.008 +0.007
3/4 0.044 0.029 0.034 0.020 -0.012 -0.059 0.011 -0.002 +0.018 +0.008
Example 1 (Open-Top Single-Cell Tank)
For use in connection with Fig. 2, ratio of b/a for the shorter
wall is 5/4 = 1.25. The shear is 0.03wa2 = 0.03 x 16 =0.48
ton.
The effect of axial tension is negligible in this case and the
steel area can be determined as for simple bending.
Horizontally at x = a/2 the axial tension taken from Fig. 2 for
b/a = 1.25 is equal to N = -0.30wa2 = -0.30 x 16 =-4.80 ton per
linear meter, which is not negligible.
Moment is M = 0.048wa3 = 0.048 x 64 = 3.06 ton-m
Example 1 (Open-Top Single-Cell Tank)
D B F
Example 2 (Closed Single-Cell Tank)
1/2 0.052 0.018 0.038 0.017 -0.011 -0.053 0.008 0.007 0.018 0.019
3/4 0.048 0.015 0.037 0.014 -0.010 -0.048 0.014 0.008 0.022 0.016
Example 2 (Closed Single-Cell Tank)
With a free top, maximum Mx = +0.045wa3 and maximum My
= -0.092wa3.
With a hinged top, maximum Mx =+0.052wa3 and maximum
My=-0.053wa3.
It is to be expected that a wall with hinged top will carry more
load vertically and less horizontally, but it is worth noting that
maximum coefficient for vertical moment is only 13% less for
wall with free top than with hinged top.
The maximum My coefficient at y=0 is 0.069 for a free top but
0.018 for a hinged top. Adding top support causes
considerable reduction in horizontal moments, especially at
y=0.
Example 2 (Closed Single-Cell Tank)
Maximum moment is My=-0.053wa3 = -0.053 x 64=-3.4 ton-m.
Maximum moment in a vertical strip is Mx= 0.052wa3 = 0.052
x 64 = 3.3 ton-m.
Axial compression (N) on the section subject to this moment,
and loads per linear meter can be taken as follows:
4 meter high wall: 2 x 0.30 x 2.5 = 1.5 ton
30 cm. top concrete slab: 0.30x 2.5 x5/2 = 1.9 ton’
1-meter fill on top of slab: 1x1.75 x 5/2 = 4.4 ton’
Live load on top of fill: 0.50 x 5/2 = 1.25 ton
_____________
Total = 9.05 ton
Top and Base Slabs
6m
8m
Counterforted Tank Walls
In a tank or reservoir with large horizontal dimensions, say
three or four times the height, and without a reinforced
concrete cover slab, it becomes necessary to design walls as
cantilevers or, when they are quite high, as counterforted
walls.
The slab shown in Figure is free at
the top and may be considered fixed
at the bottom.
If counterforts are spaced
equidistantly, the slab may also be
taken as fixed at counterforts.
For this type of construction,
coefficients in Table 3 apply.
Counterforted Tank Walls
Consider for illustration a wall panel of a counterforted wall in
which spacing of counterforts is b=10m and height is a = 5 m.
From Table 3, for b/a = 10/5 = 2, select the following
coefficients
Procedure for using these coefficients to determine moments
and design of the wall is similar to that illustrated for the open-
top single-cell tank.
Details at Bottom Edge
All tables except one are based on the assumption that the bottom
edge is hinged. It is believed that this assumption in general is
closer to the actual condition than that of a fixed edge.
Consider first the detail in Fig. 9, which shows the wall
supported on a relatively narrow continuous wall footing,
Details at Bottom Edge
In Fig. 9 the condition of restraint at the bottom of the footing
is somewhere between hinged and fixed but much closer to
hinged than to fixed.
The base slab in Fig. 9 is placed on top of the wall footing and
the bearing surface is brushed with a heavy coat of asphalt to
break the adhesion and reduce friction between slab and
footing.
The vertical joint between slab and wall should be made
watertight. A joint width of 2.5 cm at the bottom is considered
adequate.
A waterstop may not be needed in the construction joints when
the vertical joint is made watertight
Details at Bottom Edge
In Fig. 10 a continuous concrete base slab is provided either
for transmitting the load coming down through the wall or for
upward hydrostatic pressure.
In either case, the slab deflects upward in the middle and tends
to rotate the wall base in Fig. 10 in a counterclockwrse
direction.
Details at Bottom Edge
The wall therefore is not fixed at the bottom edge and it is
difficult to predict the degree of restraint
The waterstop must then be placed off center as indicated.
Provision for transmitting shear through direct bearing can be
made by inserting a key as in Fig. 9 or by a shear ledge as in
Fig. 10.
At top of wall the detail in Fig. 10 may be applied except that
the waterstop and the shear key are not essential. The main
thing is to prevent moments from being transmitted from the
top of the slab into the wall because the wall is not designed
for such moments.