How to Use VLOOKUP on a Range of Values

howtogeek.com/406053/how-to-use-vlookup-on-a-range-of-values/

Alan Murray

VLOOKUP is one of Excel’s most well-known functions. You’ll typically use it to look up
exact matches, such as the ID of products or customers, but in this article, we’ll
explore how to use VLOOKUP with a range of values.

Example One: Using VLOOKUP to Assign Letter Grades to Exam

Scores
As an example, say we have a list of exam scores, and we want to assign a grade to
each score. In our table, column A shows the actual exam scores and column B will be
used to show the letter grades we calculate. We’ve also created a table off to the right
(the D and E columns) that show the score necessary to achieve each letter grade.

With VLOOKUP, we can use the range

values in column D to assign the letter
grades in column E to all the actual
exam scores.

The VLOOKUP Formula

Before we get into applying the formula to our example, let’s have a quick reminder of
the VLOOKUP syntax:

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup)

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In that formula, the variables work like this:

lookup_value: This is the value for which you are looking. For us, this is the
score in column A, starting with cell A2.
table_array: This is often referred to unofficially as the lookup table. For us, this
is the table containing the scores and associated grades ( range D2:E7).
col_index_num: This is the column number where the results will be placed. In
our example, this is column B, but since the VLOOKUP command requires a
number, it’s column 2.
range_lookup> This is a logical value question, so the answer is either true or
false. Are you performing a range lookup? For us, the answer is yes (or “TRUE” in
VLOOKUP terms).

The completed formula for our example is shown below:

=VLOOKUP(A2,$D$2:$E$7,2,TRUE)

The table array has been fixed to stop it

changing when the formula is copied
down the cells of column B.

Something to Be Careful About

When looking in ranges with VLOOKUP, it is essential that the first column of the table
array (column D in this scenario) is sorted in ascending order. The formula relies on
this order to place the lookup value in the correct range.

Below is an image of the results we’d get if we sorted the table array by the grade
letter rather than the score.

It is important to be clear that the order

is only essential with range lookups.
When you put False on the end of a
VLOOKUP function, the order is not so
important.

Example Two: Providing a Discount Based on How Much a

Customer Spends

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In this example, we have some sales data. We would like to provide a discount on the
sales amount, and the percentage of that discount is dependent upon the amount
spent.

A lookup table (columns D and E) contains the discounts at each spending bracket.

The VLOOKUP formula below can be

used to return the correct discount
from the table.

=VLOOKUP(A2,$D$2:$E$7,2,TRUE)

This example is interesting because we

can use it in a formula to subtract the
discount.

You will often see Excel users writing complicated formulas for this type of conditional
logic, but this VLOOKUP provides a concise way of achieving it.

Below, the VLOOKUP is added to a formula to subtract the discount returned from
the sales amount in column A.

=A2-A2*VLOOKUP(A2,$D$2:$E$7,2,TRUE)

VLOOKUP is not just useful for when looking for specific records such as employees
and products. It’s more versatile than many people know, and having it return from a
range of values is an example of that. You can also use it as an alternative to
otherwise complicated formulas.

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