Knowledge framework for mathematics

The ‘knowledge framework’ is designed to help students explore, discuss, and form an understanding of
each of the eight areas of knowledge. The knowledge framework isn’t a formal element of the TOK essay
or presentation (ie, it isn’t directly assessed); instead, it is designed to present various consideration
points that that can then be used to compare and contrast the different areas of knowledge, as well as
tying them to the ways of knowing.

1. Scope and applications

What is the social function of mathematics? How many different forms does it encompass (eg calculus,
algebra, applied mathematics, etc.)? What are their separate aims? To what extent is mathematics
influenced by the society and culture in which it is pursued? How important is mathematics?

2. Concepts and language

How do we use language to express the knowledge found within mathematics? To what extent does this
differ according to different forms of mathematics? Are there any central concepts for which we need
specific language before approaching mathematics?

3. Methodology
Which ways of knowing do we use in order to connect with, and understand, mathematics? Which ways
of knowing do the mathematicians themselves use in order to study mathematics and communicate their
understanding of it?

4. Historical development
How has our understanding and perception of mathematics changed over time? How has the role of
mathematics within society developed? To what extent has the nature of mathematics (for example, the
different forms of mathematics) changed? What relationship does today’s mathematical understanding
have with that of the past? (to paraphrase Newton, does it ‘stand on the shoulders of giants’?)

5. Links to personal knowledge

To what extent are you involved with mathematics? How is your perception of the world, and your position
it in, affected by mathematics?