Problemas Impares PDF

C H A P T E R 2
Differentiation
Section 2.1 The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem . . . 53
Section 2.2 Basic Differentiation Rules and Rates of Change . 60
Section 2.3 The Product and Quotient Rules and

Higher-Order Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Section 2.4 The Chain Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Section 2.5 Implicit Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Section 2.6 Related Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Review Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
C H A P T E R 2
Differentiation
Section 2.1 The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem
Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises
1. (a) m 0 f 4 f 1

3. (a), (b) (c) y x 1 f 1)
41
(b) m 3
3
f )4) f )1) x 1 2
y )x 1) f )1) x 1 3
4 1
y
1x 1 2
6
5 f )4) 5 x1
)4, 5)
4
f )4) f )1) 3
3
f )1) 2
2
)1, 2)
1
x
1 2 3 4 5 6
5. f x 3 2x is a line. Slope 2 g1 x g1

7. Slope at 1, 3 lim
x→0 x
1 x2 4 3
lim
x→0 x
1 2x x2 1
lim
x→0 x
lim 2 2x 2
x→0
f 0 t f 0
9. Slope at 0, 0 lim 11. f x 3
t→0 t
f x x f x
3t t2 0 f x lim
lim x→0 x
t→0 t
33
lim 3 t 3 lim
t→0 x→0 x
lim 0 0
x→0
13. f x 5x 15. hs 3

2
s
3
f x x f x
fx lim hs s hs
x→0 x hs lim
s→0 s
5x x 5x
lim
x→0 x 2 2
3 s s 3 s
3 3
lim 5 5 lim
x→0 s→0 s
2
s
3 2
lim
s→0 s 3
53
54 Chapter 2 Differentiation
17. f x 2x2 x 1

f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x
2x x2 x x 1 2x2 x 1
lim
x→0 x
2x2 4xx 2x2 x x 1 2x2 x 1
lim
x→0 x
4xx 2x2 x
lim lim 4x 2x 1 4x 1
x→0 x x→0
19. f x x3 12x

f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x
x x3 12x x x3 12x
lim
x→0 x
x3 3x2x 3xx2 x3 12x 12x x3 12x
lim
x→0 x
3x2x 3xx2 x3 12x
lim
x→0 x
lim 3x2 3xx x2 12 3x2 12
x→0
1
21. f x
x1
f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x
1 1

x x 1 x 1
lim
x→0 x
x 1 x x 1
lim
x→0 xx x 1x 1
x
lim
x→0 xx x 1x 1
1
lim
x→0 x x 1x 1
1

x 12
23. f x x 1
f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x
x x 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1
lim
x

x→0 x x 1 x 1
x x 1 x 1
lim
x→0 xx x 1 x 1
1
lim
x→0 x x 1 x 1
1 1

x 1 x 1 2x 1
Section 2.1 The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem 55
25. (a) f x x2 1 17. (b) 8
f x x f x
fx lim (2, 5)
x→0 x
−5 5
x x2 1 x2 1

lim −2
x→0 x
2xx x2
lim
x→0 x
lim 2x x 2x
x→0
At 2, 5, the slope of the tangent line is

m 22 4. The equation of the tangent line is
y 5 4x 2
y 5 4x 8
y 4x 3.
27. (a) f x x3 18. (b) 10
(2, 8)
f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x
−5 5
x x3 x3
lim −4
x→0 x
3x2x 3xx2 x3
lim
x→0 x
lim 3x2 3xx x2 3x2
x→0
At 2, 8, the slope of the tangent is m 322 12.

The equation of the tangent line is
y 8 12x 2
y 12x 16.
29. (a) f x x 18. (b) 3
f x x f x
fx lim (1, 1)
x→0 x
−1 5
x x x x x x
lim
x
−1
x→0 x x x
x x x
lim
x→0 x x x x
1 1
lim
x→0 x x x 2x

1 1
m .
21 2

1
y1 x 1
2
1 1
y x .
2 2
4 (b) 10
31. (a) f x
x
(4, 5)
f x x f x − 12
fx lim 12
x→0 x
−6
x x
4
x x
x
4
x
lim
x→0 x
xx xx x 4x x 2x x 4x x
lim
x→0 xxx x
x3 2x 2x xx2 x3 x 2x 4x
lim
x→0 xxx x
x2x xx2 4x
lim
x→0 xxx x
x2 xx 4
lim
x→0 xx x
x2 4 4
1 2
x2 x
4 3
m1
16 4
3
y 5 x 4
4
3
y x2
4
33. From Exercise 27 we know that fx 3x2. Since the 35. Using the limit definition of derivative,
slope of the given line is 3, we have
1
fx .
3x2 3 2xx
x ± 1. Since the slope of the given line is 12 , we have
Therefore, at the points 1, 1 and 1, 1 the tangent 1 1
lines are parallel to 3x y 1 0. These lines have
2xx 2
equations
x 1.
y 1 3x 1 and y 1 3x 1
Therefore, at the point 1, 1 the tangent line is parallel to
y 3x 2 y 3x 2. x 2y 6 0. The equation of this line is
1
y 1 x 1
2
1 1
y1 x
2 2
1 3
y x .
2 2
37. g5 2 because the tangent line passes through 5, 2 39. f x x ⇒ fx 1 b
20 2 1
g5
5 9 4 2
41. f x x ⇒ fx matches (a) 43. y
decreasing slope as x → 3
2
1
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1
−2
−3
−4
Answers will vary.

Sample answer: y x
45. (a) If fc 3 and f is odd, then fc fc 3

(b) If fc 3 and f is even, then fc f c 3
47. Let x0, y0 be a point of tangency on the graph of f. By the limit definition for the derivative, fx 4 2x. The slope of the
line through 2, 5 and x0, y0 equals the derivative of f at x0: y
7
5 y0
4 2x0 6
2 x0 5 (2, 5)
4
5 y0 2 x04 2x0 3
(1, 3)
(3, 3)
2
5 4x0 x02 8 8x0 2x02 1

x
−2 1 2 3 6
0 x0 4x0 3
2
0 x0 1x0 3 ⇒ x0 1, 3
Therefore, the points of tangency are 1, 3 and 3, 3, and the corresponding slopes are 2 and 2. The equations of the tangent
lines are
y 5 2x 2 y 5 2x 2
y 2x 1 y 2x 9
49. (a) g0 3
(b) g3 0
(c) Because g1 3 , g is decreasing (falling) at x 1.

8
(d) Because g4 3 , g is increasing (rising) at x 4.

7
(e) Because g4 and g6 are both positive, g6 is greater than g4, and g6 g4 > 0.
(f) No, it is not possible. All you can say is that g is decreasing (falling) at x 2.
51. f x 4 x3
1
2
By the limit definition of the derivative we have fx

3 2
4x .
−2 2
x 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

f x 27 14 1 1 1 27
2 32 32 0 32 4 32 2 −2
fx
27 3 3 3 3 27
3 16 4 16 0 16 4 16 3
f x 0.01 f x 55. f 2 24 2 4, f 2.1 2.14 2.1 3.99

53. gx
0.01 3.99 4
f2 0.1 Exact: f2 0
2x 0.01 x 0.012 2x x2 100 2.1 2
3
g
f
−2 4
−1
The graph of gx is approximately the graph of fx.
1 1
57. f x and fx .
x 2x3
2
5
f As x → , f is nearly horizontal and thus f 0.

−2 5
f′
−5
59. f x 4 x 32

f 2 x f 2
Sx x x 2 f 2
x
4 2 x 32 3 1 x 12
x 2 3 x 2 3 x 2x 2 3
x x
(a) x 1: Sx x 2 3 x 1 5
S 0.1
x 0.5: Sx
3
2 3
x 2 3 x
2 S1
f
−2 7
x 0.1: Sx 19
10
19
x 2 3 x
10
4
5 S 0.5 −1
(b) As x → 0, the line approaches the tangent line to f at 2, 3.
61. f x x2 1, c 2
f x f 2 x2 1 3 x 2x 2
f2 lim lim lim lim x 2 4
x→2 x2 x→2 x2 x →2 x2 x→2
63. f x x3 2x2 1, c 2

f x f 2 x2x 2 x3 2x2 1 1
f2 lim lim lim lim x2 4
x→2 x2 x →2 x2 x→2 x2 x→2

65. gx x , c 0 67. f x x 62
3, c 6
g0 lim
gx g0
lim
x
. Does not exist. f6 lim
f x f 6
x→0 x0 x→0 x x→6 x6
As x → 0 ,
x 1 → lim
x 62
3 0
x x x→6 x6
As x → 0 ,
x 1
→ lim
1
x x x→6 x 61
3
Does not exist.
69. h x x 5, c 5 71. f x is differentiable everywhere except at x 3.

(Sharp turn in the graph.)
hx h5
h5 lim
x→5 x 5
lim x 5 0
x→5 x5
lim x 5
x→5 x5
Does not exist.
73. f x is differentiable everywhere except at x 1. 75. f x is differentiable everywhere except at x 3.
(Discontinuity) (Sharp turn in the graph)
77. f x is differentiable on the interval 1, . 79. f x is differentiable everywhere except at x 0.
(At x 1 the tangent line is vertical) (Discontinuity)
xx 11 ,, xx >≤ 11

3

81. f x x 1 83. f x 2
The derivative from the left is The derivative from the left is
lim
f x f 1
lim
x1 0
1. lim
f x f 1
lim
x 13 0
x→1 x1 x→1 x1 x→1 x1 x→1 x1
The derivative from the right is lim x 12 0.
x→1
lim
f x f 1
lim
x1 0
1. The derivative from the right is
x→1 x1 x→1 x1
f x f 1 x 12 0
The one-sided limits are not equal. Therefore, f is not lim lim
x→1 x1 x→1 x1
differentiable at x 1.
lim x 1 0.
x→1
These one-sided limits are equal. Therefore, f is

differentiable at x 1. f1 0
4xx 1,3, xx >≤ 22

2
85. Note that f is continuous at x 2. f x
f x f 2 x2 1 5

The derivative from the left is lim lim lim x 2 4.
x→2 x2 x→2 x2 x→2
f x f 2 4x 3 5

The derivative from the right is lim lim lim 4 4.
x→2 x2 x→2 x2 x→2
The one-sided limits are equal. Therefore, f is differentiable at x 2. f2 4
87. (a) The distance from 3, 1 to the line mx y 4 0 is y
d
Ax1 By1 C
A2 B2 3

m3 11 4 3m 3 . 2
m2 1 m2 1 1
x
(b) 5 1 2 3 4
The function d is not differentiable at m 1. This corresponds to the line

y x 4, which passes through the point 3, 1.
−4 4
−1
f 2 x f 2
89. False. the slope is lim .
x→0 x
91. False. If the derivative from the left of a point does not equal the derivative from the right of a point, then the derivative does

not exist at that point. For example, if f x x , then the derivative from the left at x 0 is 1 and the derivative from the
right at x 0 is 1. At x 0, the derivative does not exist.
93. f x 0,x sin1x, x0

x0

Using the Squeeze Theorem, we have x ≤ x sin1x ≤ x , x 0. Thus, lim x sin1x 0 f 0 and f is continuous at
x→0
x 0. Using the alternative form of the derivative we have
f x f 0 x sin1x 0
lim
x→0 x0
lim
x→0 x0 x→0
1
lim sin .
x
Since this limit does not exist (it oscillates between 1 and 1), the function is not differentiable at x 0.
x0, sin1x, xx 00
2
gx
Using the Squeeze Theorem again we have x2 ≤ x2 sin1x ≤ x2, x 0. Thus, lim x2 sin1x 0 f 0 and f is continu-
x→0
ous at x 0. Using the alternative form of the derivative again we have
f x f 0 x2 sin1x 0 1

lim lim lim x sin 0.
x→0 x0 x→0 x0 x→0 x
Therefore, g is differentiable at x 0, g0 0.
Section 2.2 Basic Differentiation Rules and Rates of Change
1. (a) y x12 (b) y x32 (c) y x2 (d) y x3

y 12 x12 y 32 x12 y 2x y 3x2
y1 12 y1 32 y1 2 y1 3
1
3. y 8 5. y x6 7. y x7 9. y
5 x x15
x7
y 0 y 6x5 1 1
7 y x45 45
y 7x8 5 5x
x8
11. f x x 1 13. f t 2t2 3t 6 15. gx x 2 4x3 17. st t3 2t 4
fx 1 fx 4t 3 gx 2x 12x 2 st 3t2 2
1 1
19. y sin cos 21. y x2 cos x 23. y 3 sin x
2 2 x
1 1
y cos sin y 2x sin x y 3 cos x
2 2 x2
Section 2.2 Basic Differentiation Rules and Rates of Change 61
Function Rewrite Derivative Simplify

5 5 5
25. y 2 y x2 y 5x3 y
2x 2 x3
3 3 9 4 9
27. y y x3 y x y
2x3 8 8 8x4
x 1 1
29. y y x12 y x32 y
x 2 2x32
0, 21
3 1 7
31. f x 3x2, 1, 3 33. f x x3, 35. y 2x 12, 0, 1
x2 2 5
4x2 4x 1
6 21
fx 6x3 3 fx x2
x 5 y 8x 4
f0 0 y0 4
f1 6
39. f x x 5 3x
2 2 4
37. f 4 sin , 0, 0 41. gt t2 t2 4t3
6 t3
f 4 cos 1 fx 2x 6x3 2x
x3
12
f0 41 1 3 gt 2t 12t4 2t
t4
x3 3x2 4
43. f x x 3 4x2 45. y xx2 1 x3 x
x2
y 3x2 1
8 x3 8
fx 1 3
x x3
47. f x x 6
3 x x12 6x13
49. hs s45 s23
1 1 2
fx x12 2x23 4 2 4 2
2 2 x x23 h(s s45 s13 15 13
5 3 5s 3s
51. f x 6 x 5 cos x 6x12 5 cos x

3
fx 3x12 5 sin x 5 sin x
x
2
53. (a) y x4 3x2 2 55. (a) f x 4 3
2x34
x
y 4x3 6x
3 74 3
fx x 74
At 1, 0: y 413 61 2. 2 2x
Tangent line: y 0 2x 1 3
At 1, 2, f1
2x y 2 0 2
3
(b) 3
Tangent line: y 2 x 1
2
3 7
y x
−2 2 2 2
(1, 0)
−1 3x 2y 7 0
(b) 5
(1, 2)
−2 7
−1
1
57. y x4 8x2 2 59. y x2
x2
y 4x3 16x
2
y 2x3 cannot equal zero.
4xx2 4 x3
4xx 2x 2 Therefore, there are no horizontal tangents.
y 0 ⇒ x 0, ± 2
Horizontal tangents: 0, 2, 2, 14, 2, 14
61. y x sin x, 0 ≤ x < 2 63. x 2 kx 4x 9 Equate functions

y 1 cos x 0 2x k 4 Equate derivatives
cos x 1 ⇒ x
Hence, k 2x 4 and
At x , y .
x 2 2x 4x 4x 9 ⇒ x 2 9 ⇒ x ± 3.
Horizontal tangent: ,
For x 3, k 2 and for x 3, k 10.
k 3
65. x3 Equate functions
x 4
k 3
Equate derivatives
x2 4
3 2
x
3 2 4 3 3 3 3
Hence, k x and x 3 ⇒ x x 3 ⇒ x 3 ⇒ x 2 ⇒ k 3.
4 x 4 4 4 2
67. (a) The slope appears to be steepest between A and B. (c) y
(b) The average rate of change between A and B is f

greater than the instantaneous rate of change at B.
B C
A E
D
x
69. gx f x 6 ⇒ gx fx 71. y
3
f
f
1
x
3 2 1 1 2 3
If f is linear then its derivative is a constant function.

f x ax b
fx a
73. Let x1, y1 and x2, y2 be the points of tangency on y x2 and y x2 6x 5, respectively. The derivatives of
these functions are
y 2x ⇒ m 2x1 and y 2x 6 ⇒ m 2x2 6.
m 2x1 2x2 6
x1 x2 3
Since y1 x12 and y2 x22 6x2 5, y
y2 y1 x22 6x2 5 x12 4

m 2x2 6. 3 )2, 3)
x2 x1 x2 x1 2
)1, 1)
1
x22 6x2 5 x2 32
2x2 6 x
x2 x2 3
2 3
−1
x22 6x2 5 x22 6x2 9 2x2 62x2 3

2x22 12x2 14 4x22 18x2 18
2x22 6x2 4 0 y
5
2x2 2x2 1 0 4 )2, 4)
3
x2 1 or 2 2
x2 1 ⇒ y2 0, x1 2 and y1 4
1
x
)1, 0) 2 3
−1
Thus, the tangent line through 1, 0 and 2, 4 is −2
40
y0
21
x 1 ⇒ y 4x 4.
x2 2 ⇒ y2 3, x1 1 and y1 1
Thus, the tangent line through 2, 3 and 1, 1 is
y1 32 11x 1 ⇒ y 2x 1.
75. f x x, 4, 0 77. f1 1
1 1
fx x12
3.64
2
2 x
1 0y

2 x 4 x
0.77 1.24
4 x 2 x y 3.33
4 x 2 x x
4 x 2x
x 4, y 2
The point 4, 2 is on the graph of f.
02
Tangent line: y2 x 4
4 4
4y 8 x 4
0 x 4y 4
79. (a) One possible secant is between 3.9, 7.7019 and 4, 8: 20
8 7.7019
y8 x 4
4 3.9 (4, 8)
−2
y 8 2.981x 4 12
−2
y Sx 2.981x3.924
3 3
(b) fx x12 ⇒ f4 2 3
2 2
Tx 3x 4 8 3x 4
Sx is an approximation of the tangent line Tx.
(c) As you move further away from 4, 8, the accuracy of the approximation T gets worse.
20
f
T
−2 12
−2
(d)
x 3 2 1 0.5 0.1 0 0.1 0.5 1 2 3
f 4 x 1 2.828 5.196 6.548 7.702 8 8.302 9.546 11.180 14.697 18.520
T4 x 1 2 5 6.5 7.7 8 8.3 9.5 11 14 17
81. False. Let f x x2 and gx x2 4. Then 83. False. If y 2, then dydx 0. 2 is a constant.
fx gx 2x, but f x gx.
85. True. If gx 3f x, then gx 3fx.
1
87. f t 2t 7,
1, 2 89. f x ,
1, 2
x
ft 2
1
fx
Instantaneous rate of change is the constant 2. x2
Average rate of change:
Instantaneous rate of change:
f 2 f 1
22 7
21 7
2 1, 1 ⇒ f1 1
21 1
(These are the same because f is a line of slope 2.) 2, 21 ⇒ f2 41
Average rate of change:
f 2 f 1 12 1 1

21 21 2
91. (a) st 16t2 1362 93. st 4.9t2 v0t s0

vt 32t 4.9t2 120t
s2 s1 vt 9.8t 120

(b) 1298 1346 48 ftsec
21 v5 9.85 120 71 msec
(c) vt st 32t
v10 9.810 120 22 msec
When t 1: v1 32 ftsec.
When t 2: v2 64 ftsec.
(d) 16t2 1362 0
1362 1362
t2 ⇒ t 9.226 sec
16 4
32
1362 1362
(e) v
4 4
8 1362 295.242 ftsec
2
95. v
97. v 40 mph 3 mimin s
23 mimin6 min 4 mi
60 10
Distance (in miles)

Velocity (in mph)
50
8
40 (10, 6)
30
v 0 mph 0 mimin 6
(6, 4)
0 mimin2 min 0 mi
20 4
(8, 4)
10 2
2 4 6 8 10
t
v 60 mph 1mimin t
(0, 0) 2 4 6 8 10
Time (in minutes)
1 mimin2 min 2 mi Time (in minutes)
(The velocity has been converted to miles per hour)
99. (a) Using a graphing utility, you obtain (b) Using a graphing utility, you obtain
R 0.167v 0.02. B 0.00586v2 0.0239v 0.46.
(c) T R B 0.00586v2 0.1431v 0.44 (d) 60
T
dT
(e) 0.01172v 0.1431 B
dv
R
For v 40, T40 0.612. 0 100

0
For v 80, T80 1.081.

(f) For increasing speeds, the total stopping distance
For v 100, T100 1.315. increases.
dA 1,008,000
101. A s2, 2s 103. C 6.3Q
ds Q
When s 4 m, dC 1,008,000
6.3
dQ Q2
dA
8 square meters per meter change in s.
ds C351 C350 5083.095 5085 $1.91
dC
When Q 350, $1.93.
dQ
105. (a) f1.47 is the rate of change of the amount of gasoline sold when the price is $1.47 per gallon.
(b) f1.47 is usually negative. As prices go up, sales go down.

107. y ax2 bx c
Since the parabola passes through 0, 1 and 1, 0, we have
0, 1: 1 a02 b0 c ⇒ c 1
1, 0: 0 a12 b1 1 ⇒ b a 1.
Thus, y ax2 a 1x 1. From the tangent line y x 1, we know that the derivative is 1 at the point 1, 0.
y 2ax a 1
1 2a1 a 1
1a1
a2
b a 1 3
Therefore, y 2x2 3x 1.
109. y x3 9x
y 3x2 9
Tangent lines through 1, 9:
y 9 3x2 9x 1
x3 9x 9 3x3 3x2 9x 9
0 2x3 3x2 x22x 3
x 0 or x 32
The points of tangency are 0, 0 and 32 , 81
8 . At 0, 0 the slope is y0 9. At 2 , 8 the slope is y 2 4 .
3 81 3 9
Tangent lines:
y 0 9x 0 8 4 x 2
y 81 9 3
and
y 9x y 94 x 27
4
9x y 0 9x 4y 27 0
xax , b, x ≤ 2
3
111. f x 2
x > 2
f must be continuous at x 2 to be differentiable at x 2.

lim f x lim ax3 8a 8a 4 b
x→2 x→2
8a 4 b
lim f x lim x2 b 4 b
x→2 x→2
2x,
2
3ax , x < 2
fx
x > 2
For f to be differentiable at x 2, the left derivative must equal the right derivative.
3a22 22
12a 4
a 13
4
b 8a 4 3
Section 2.3 The Product and Quotient Rules and Higher-Order Derivatives 67
113. Let f x cos x.

f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x
cos x cos x sin x sin x cos x
lim
x→0 x
cos xcos x 1 sin x
lim
x→0 x
lim sin x
x→0 x
0 sin x1 sin x
Section 2.3 The Product and Quotient Rules and Higher-Order Derivatives
1. gx x 2 1x 2 2x 3. ht

3
tt2 4 t13t2 4
gx x 2 12x 2 x 2 2x2x 1
ht t132t t 2 4 t 23
2x3 2x 2 2x 2 2x3 4x 2 3
4x3 6x 2 2x 2 t2 4
2t 43
3t23
7t2 4

3t23
x
5. f x x 3 cos x 7. f x
x2 1
fx x 3sin x cos x3x 2
x 2 11 x2x 1 x2
fx 2
3x cos x
2
x3 sin x x 1
2 2 x 12
3 x
x13 sin x
9. hx 3 11. gx
x3 1 x 1 x2
1 x 2cos x sin x2x x cos x 2 sin x
x 3 1 x23 x133x 2 gx
3 x 22 x3
hx
x 3 12
x3 1 x9x 2

3x23x 3 12
1 8x 3

3x23 x 3 12
x2 4
13. f x x3 3x2x2 3x 5 15. f x
x3
fx x3 3x4x 3 2x2 3x 53x2 3
x 32x x 2 41 2x 2 6x x 2 4
fx
10x4 12x3 3x2 18x 15 x 32 x 32
f0 15 x 2 6x 4

x 32
164 1
f1
1 32 4
17. f x x cos x
fx xsin x cos x1 cos x x sin x
f 4
2
2

2
4 2

2
8
4
Function Rewrite Derivative Simplify
x 2 2x 1 2 2 2 2x 2
19. y y x2 x y x y
3 3 3 3 3 3
7 7 3 7
21. y y x y 7x4 y
3x3 3 x4
4x32 2
23. y y 4x, x > 0 y 2x12 y
x x
3 2x x2
25. f x
x2 1
x2 12 2x 3 2x x22x
fx
x2 12
2x2 4x 2 2x 12
2
x2 12 x 12
2
,x1
x 12
2x 5

27. f x x 1
4
x3
x
4x
x3
29. f x
x
2x12 5x1 2
x 34 4x1 x 2 6x 9 12

5 5
fx 1 fx x12 x32 x32 x
x 32 x 32 2 2
x 2 6x 3 2x 5 2x 5

x 32 2xx 2x32
31. hs s3 22 s6 4s3 4

hs 6s5 12s2 6s2s3 2
1
2
x 2x 1 2x 1
33. f x
x3 xx 3 x 2 3x
x 2 3x2 2x 12x 3 2x 2 6x 4x 2 8x 3
fx
x 2 3x2 x 2 3x2
2x 2 2x 3 2x 2 2x 3
2
x 2 3x2 x x 32
35. f x 3x3 4xx 5x 1

fx 9x2 4x 5x 1 3x3 4x1x 1 3x3 4xx 51
9x2 4x2 4x 5 3x 4 3x 3 4x 2 4x 3x 4 15x3 4x2 20x
9x 4 36x3 41x 2 16x 20 6x 4 12x 3 8x 2 16x
15x 4 48x 3 33x 2 32x 20
x2 c2
37. f x 39. f x t2 sin t
x2 c2
ft t2 cos t 2t sin t
x2 c22x x2 c22x
fx
x2 c22 tt cos t 2 sin t
4xc 2

x2 c22
cos t
41. f t 43. f x x tan x
t
fx 1 sec2 x tan2 x
t sin t cos t t sin t cos t
ft
t2 t2
31 sin x 3
45. gt
4 t 8 sec t t14 8 sec t 47. y sec x tan x
2 cos x 2
1 1
gt t34 8 sec t tan t 34 8 sec t tan t 3 3
4 4t y sec x tan x sec2 x sec xtan x sec x
2 2
3
sec x tan x tan2 x 1
2
49. y csc x sin x 51. f x x2 tan x

y csc x cot x cos x fx x2 sec2 x 2x tan x
cos x xx sec2 x 2 tan x

cos x
sin2 x
cos xcsc2 x 1
cos x cot2 x
53. y 2x sin x x 2 cos x 55. gx xx 122x 5

y 2x cos x 2 sin x x 2sin x 2x cos x
2x2 8x 1
4x cos x 2 sin x x 2 sin x gx (form of answer may vary)
x 22
57. g

1 sin
1 sin

cos
g
(form of answer may vary)
sin
12
1 csc x
59. y
1 csc x
1 csc xcsc x cot x 1 csc xcsc x cot x 2 csc x cot x
y
1 csc x2 1 csc x2
6 212 2 3 43

y 2
sec t
61. ht
t
tsec t tan t sec t1
ht
t2
sec tt tan t 1

t2
sec tan 1 1
h 2
2
63. (a) f x x3 3x 1x 2, 1, 3 53. (b) 10
fx x3 3x 11 x 23x2 3

− 10 10
4x3 6x2 6x 5 (1, − 3)
f1 1 slope at 1, 3. − 10
Tangent line: y 3 1x 1 ⇒ y x 2
x
65. (a) f x , 2, 2 51. (b) 6
x1
x 11 x1 1 (2, 2)
fx
x 12 x 12 −3 6
1
f2 1 slope at 2, 2. −3
2 12
Tangent line: y 2 1x 2 ⇒ y x 4
67. (a) f x tan x, 4 , 1 55. (b) 4
( (
π
4
,1
fx sec2 x −
f 4 2 slope at 4 , 1. −4
Tangent line:

y12 x 4

y 1 2x
2
4x 2y 2 0
x2 x 23 3x1 6
69. f x 71. fx
x1 x 22 x 22
x 12x x21 x 25 5x 41 6
fx gx
x 12 x 22 x 22
x2 2x xx 2 5x 4 3x 2x 4
gx f x 2
x 12 x 12 x 2 x 2 x 2
fx 0 when x 0 or x 2. f and g differ by a constant.
Horizontal tangents are at 0, 0 and 2, 4.
73. f x x n sin x 75. Area At 2t 1t 2t32 t12
fx x n cos x nx n1 sin x
x n1 x cos x n sin x
At 2 32t 21t
12 12
1 12
When n 1: fx x cos x sin x. 3t12 t
2
When n 2: fx xx cos x 2 sin x.
6t 1 2
cm sec
When n 3: fx x2x cos x 3 sin x. 2t
When n 4: fx x3x cos x 4 sin x.
For general n, fx x n1 x cos x n sin x.

77. C 100 200

x 2
x 30
x
, 1 ≤ x 79. Pt 500 1 4t
50 t2
50 t24 4t2t
dC
dx
400
100 3
x 30
x 302 Pt 500 50 t22
200 4t 2
(a) When x 10:
dC
dx
$38.13. 500 50 t
2 2
50 t2
(b) When x 15:
dC
dx
$10.37. 2000 50 t
2 2
P2
31.55 bacteria per hour
dC
(c) When x 20: $3.80.
dx
As the order size increases, the cost per item
decreases.
1
81. (a) sec x
cos x
cos x0 1sin x

d d 1 sin x 1 sin x
dx
sec x
dx cos x

cos x2

cos x cos x cos x
cos x sec x tan x
1
(b) csc x
sin x
sin x0 1cos x

d d 1 cos x 1 cos x
dx
csc x
dx sin x

sin x2

sin x sin x

sin x
sin x
csc x cot x
cos x
(c) cot x
sin x
sin xsin x cos xcos x sin2 x cos2 x

d d cos x 1
cot x 2 csc2 x
dx dx sin x sin x2 sin2 x sin x
x
83. f x 4x32 85. f x
x1
fx 6x12
x 11 x1 1
fx
3 x 12 x 12
f x 3x12
x
2
f x
x 13
87. f x 3 sin x 89. fx x2 91. f x 2x

fx 3 cos x f x 2x 1 1
f 4x 2x12
2 x
f x 3 sin x
gx
93. y 95. f x 2gx hx 97. f x
hx
4
fx 2gx hx
hxgx gxhx
fx
f2 2g2 h2 hx2
3
2
22 4 h2g2 g2h2
f2
1
0 h22
x
1 2 3 4 12 34

12
f 2 0
10
One such function is f x x 22.
99. y
101. vt 36 t2, 0 ≤ t ≤ 6
f′
2
at 2t
1 f
v3 27 msec
x
2 1 1 2
a3 6 msec
The speed of the object is decreasing.

f″
It appears that f is cubic; so f would be quadratic and

f would be linear.
100t 1500
103. vt (a) a5 2.4 ftsec2
2t 15 25 152
2t 15100 100t2 1500
at (b) a10
1.2 ftsec2
2t 152 210 152
1500 1500
(c) a20
0.5 ftsec2
2t 152 220 152
105. f x gxhx
(a) fx gxhx hxgx
f x gxhx gxhx hxgx hxgx

gxhx 2gxhx hxgx
f x gxh x gxh x 2gxhx 2gxhx hxg x hxg x
gxh x 3gx hx 3gxhx g xhx
f 4x gxh4x gxh x 3gxh x 3gxhx 3gxhx 3g xhx
g xhx g4xhx
gxh4x 4gxh x 6gxhx 4g xhx g4xhx
nn 1n 2 . . . 21 nn 1n 2 . . . 21
(b) f nx gxhnx gxhn1x gxhn2x
1n 1n 2 . . . 21 21n 2n 3 . . . 21
nn 1n 2 . . . 21

g xhn3x . . .
321n 3n 4 . . . 21
nn 1n 2 . . . 21 n1
g xhx gnxhx
n 1n 2 . . . 211
n! n!
gxhnx gxhn1x gxhn2x . . .
1!n 1! 2!n 2!
n!
gn1xhx gnxhx
n 1!1!
Note: n! nn 1 . . . 3 2 1 (read “n factorial.”)
Section 2.4 The Chain Rule 73
107. f x cos x f 3 cos 3 12

3 sin 3 23

fx sin x f
f x cos x f 3 cos 3 21

x 3 21
3
(a) P1x fax a f a (b) 2
2 P2 P1
1 −
f
P2x f ax a2 f ax a f a 2

2

x 3 21
1 2 3
x −2
4 3 2
(c) P2 is a better approximation. (d) The accuracy worsens as you move farther away
from x a 3.
109. False. If y f xgx, then 111. True 113. True

dy hc f cgc gcfc
f xgx gxfx.
dx f c0 gc0
0
x
x , if x ≥ 0
2

115. f x x x 2
, if x < 0
fx 2x, if x < 0

2x, if x ≥ 0
2
x
f x
2, if x > 0
2, if x < 0
f 0 does not exist since the left and right derivatives
are not equal.
Section 2.4 The Chain Rule
y f gx u gx y f u
1. y 6x 54 u 6x 5 y u4
3. y x2 1 u x2 1 y u
5. y csc3 x u csc x y u3
7. y 2x 73 9. gx 34 9x4

y 32x 722 62x 72 gx 124 9x39 1084 9x3
11. f x 9 x223 13. f t 1 t12

2 4x 1 1
fx 9 x2132x ft 1 t121
3 39 x213 2 21 t
15. y 9x2 413 17. y 24 x 214
1
y 9x2 42318x
3
6x
9x2 423
y 2 144 x 2 34
2x
x
4 4 x 23

19. y x 21 21. f t t 32

1 2
y 12 x21 ft 2t 33
x 22 t 33
23. y x 212 25. f x x2x 24

dy 1 1 fx x24x 231 x 242x
x 232
dx 2 2x 232
2xx 232x x 2
2xx 233x 2
x
27. y x1 x2 x1 x212 29. y xx2 112
x2 1
y x 121 x 2 12

2x 1 x2121 1

y x x2 1322x x2 1121
2
x21 x212 1 x212
x2x2 132 x2 112
1 x 2 12
x 1 x
2 2
x2 132x2 x2 1
1 2x2
1
1 x2
x2 132
2 3
31. gx xx 52
2
33. f v 112vv
x 2 2 x 52x
1 v2 1 2v
2
x5 1 2v
gx 2 x2 2 x 2 22 fv 3 1v 1 v 2
2x 52 10x x 2 91 2v2

x 2 23 1 v4
x 1 3t 2
35. y 37. gt 2
x 12 t 2t 1
1 3x2 4x32 3tt2 3t 2

y gt
2xx2 12 t2 2t 132
The zero of y corresponds to the point on the graph of The zeros of g correspond to the points on the graph of
y where the tangent line is horizontal. g where the tangent lines are horizontal.
24
2
y
−1 5 g′ g
y′
−5 3
−2
−2
22 t1 t
39. y x x 1 41. st
3
x 1x t
y st
2xx 1 1 t
y has no zeros. The zero of st corresponds to the point on the graph of
st where the tangent line is horizontal.
4
y
s′
−5 4
−3 6
y′
s
−2
−3
cos x 1
43. y 3
x y
dy x sin x cos x 1 −5 5

dx x2 y′
x sin x cos x 1 −3

x2
The zeros of y correspond to the points on the graph of y where the tangent lines are horizontal.
45. (a) y sin x (b) y sin 2x

y cos x y 2 cos 2x
y0 1 y0 2
1 cycle in 0, 2 2 cycles in 0, 2
The slope of sin ax at the origin is a.
47. y cos 3x 49. gx 3 tan 4x

dy gx 12 sec2 4x
3 sin 3x
dx
51. y sin x2 sin 2 x 2

y cos x22 2x 2 2x cos 2x 2
cot x cos x
53. hx sin 2x cos 2x 55. f x 2
sin x sin x
hx sin 2x2 sin 2x cos 2x2 cos 2x
sin2 xsin x cos x2 sin x cos x
fx
2 cos2 2x 2 sin2 2x sin4 x
2 cos 4x. sin2 x 2 cos2 x 1 cos2 x

sin3 x sin3 x
1
Alternate solution: hx sin 4x
2
1
hx cos 4x4 2 cos 4x
2
57. y 4 sec2 x 59. f

14 sin2 2
14 sin 2
2
y 8 sec x sec x tan x 8 sec2 x tan x
f
2 14 sin 2
cos 2
2
sin 2
cos 2
12 sin 4
1
61. f x 3 sec2 t 1 63. y x sin2x 2
4
ft 6 sec t 1 sec t 1 tan t 1
1
x sin4x2
6 sin t 1 4
6 sec t 1 tan t 1
2
cos3 t 1
dy 1 12 1
x cos4x28x
dx 2 4
1
2x cos2x2
2x
65. y sincos x 67. st t 2 2t 812, 2, 4

dy 1 2
coscos x sin x st t 2t 8122t 2
dx 2
sin x coscos x t1

t 2 2t 8
3
s2
4
3t 2
69. f x
3
x3 4
3x3 41, 1, 53 71. f t
t1
, 0, 2
9x2 t 13 3t 21 5

fx 3x3 423x2 ft
x3 42 t 12 t 12
9 f0 5
f1
25
73. y 37 sec32x, 0, 36

y 3 sec22x2 sec(2x tan2x
6 sec32x tan2x
y0 0
75. (a) f x 3x2 2 , 3, 5 77. (a) f x sin 2x, , 0
1
fx 3x2 2126x fx 2 cos 2x
2
f 2
3x

3x2 2 Tangent line:
9 y 2x ⇒ 2x y 2 0
f3
5
63. (b) 2
Tangent line:
(π , 0)
0 2
9
y 5 x 3 ⇒ 9x 5y 2 0
5
(b) 7 −2
(3, 5)
−5 5
−3
79. f x 2x2 13 81. f x sin x 2

fx 6x2 122x fx 2x cos x 2
12xx 4 2x2 1 f x 2x2xsin x2 2 cos x2
12x5 24x3 12x 2cos x2 2x2 sin x2
f x 60x 4 72x2 12
125x2 1x2 1
y
83. y 85.
f′ 3 3
f
2 2
1
x x
2 2 3 3 1 2
f
2
3 f′
The zeros of f correspond to the points where the graph The zeros of f correspond to the points where the graph
of f has horizontal tangents. of f has horizontal tangents.
87. gx f 3x

gx f3x3 ⇒ gx 3 f3x
89. (a) f x gxhx 73. (b) f x ghx

fx gxhx gxhx fx ghxhx
f5 32 63 24 f5 g32 2g3
Need g3 to find f5.

gx
73. (c) f x 73. (d) f x gx3
hx
f x 3gx 2gx
hxgx gxhx
fx
hx2 f5 3326 162
36 32 12 4
f5
32 9 3
91. (a) f 132,400331 v1 (b) f 132,400331 v1

f 1132,400331 v21 f 1132,400331 v21
132,400 132,400

331 v 2 331 v 2
When v 30, f 1.461. When v 30, f 1.016.
93.
0.2 cos 8t 95. S CR 2 r 2
The maximum angular displacement is
0.2 (since
1 ≤ cos 8t ≤ 1.
dS
dt
C 2R
dR
dt
2r
dr
dt
d
Since r is constant, we have drdt 0 and
0.28 sin 8t 1.6 sin 8t
dt
dS
1.76 10521.2 102105
When t 3, d
dt 1.6 sin 24 1.4489 radians per dt
second.
4.224 102 0.04224.
97. (a) x 1.6372t3 19.3120t2 0.5082t 0.6161

(b) C 60x 1350
601.6372t3 19.3120t2 0.5082t 0.6161 1350
dC
604.9116t2 38.624t 0.5082
dt
294.696t2 2317.44t 30.492
dC
The function is quadratic, not linear. The cost function levels off at the end of the day, perhaps due to fatigue.
dt
99. f x sin x 101. (a) rx fgxgx
(a) fx cos x r1 fg1g1
f x 2 sin x 50 5

Note that g1 4 and f4
62 4
f x 3 cos x
Also, g1 0. Thus, r1 0
f 4 4 sin x
(b) sx gf xf x
(b) f x 2 f x 2 sin x 2sin x 0
s4 gf 4f 4
(c) f 2kx 1k 2k sin x
64 1
f 2k1x 1k1 2k1 cos x
5
Note that f 4 , g
2
5
2
and
62 2
5
f4 .
4
Thus, s4
1 5
2 4
5
.
8
103. g xx n
105. gx 2x 3
x2 nx 2x 3
dg 1 2
gx 2
2x 3
,

x
3
2
x nx122x n
dx 2
2x n

2x2 nx
2x n2

xx n
x x n2

xx n
a

g
107. hx x cos x
hx x sin x

x
cos x, x 0
Section 2.5 Implicit Differentiation 79
x
109. (a) f x tan f 1 1
4
x
f x sec2 f1 2
4 4 4 2
x x
f x
2
sec2
4
tan
4 4
f 1
8
21
4

P1x f1x 1 f 1 x 1 1.
2
1
P2x
2 4
x 12 f1x 1 f 1 x 12 x 1 1
8 2
(b) 2
P1
P2
f
0 3
0
(c) P2 is a better approximation than P1

(d) The accuracy worsens as you move away from x c 1.
111. False. If y 1 x12, then y 12 1 x121. 113. True
Section 2.5 Implicit Differentiation
1. x2 y2 36 3. x12 y12 9
2x 2yy 0 1 12 1 12
x y y 0
x 2 2
y
y
y
x12
y12
yx
5. x3 xy y2 4 7. x3y3 y x 0
3x2 xy y 2yy 0 3x3y2y 3x2y3 y 1 0
2y xy y 3x2 3x3y2 1y 1 3x2y3
y 3x2 1 3x2y3
y y
2y x 3x3y2 1
9. x3 3x 2 2xy 2 12 11. sin x 2cos 2y 1

3x 2 3x 2y 6xy 4xyy 2y2 0 cos x 4sin 2yy 0
4xy 3x 2y 6xy 3x 2 2y 2 cos x
y
6xy 3x 2 2y 2 4 sin 2y
y1
4xy 3x 2
13. sin x x1 tan y 15. y sinxy

cos x x sec2 yy 1 tan y1 y xy y cosxy
cos x tan y 1 y x cosxyy y cosxy
y
x sec2 y
y cosxy
y
1 x cosxy
17. (a) x2 y2 16 (b) y
y2 16 x2 6 y= 16 − x 2
y ± 16 x2 2
x
−6 −2 2 6
y=− 16 − x 2
−6
(c) Explicitly: (d) Implicitly:

dy 1 2x 2yy 0
± 16 x2122x
dx 2
x
y
x x x y

16 x2 ± 16 x
2 y
19. (a) 16y2 144 9x2 (b) y
6
1 9 y = 34 16 − x2
y2 144 9x2 16 x2 4
16 16 2
x
3 −6 −2 2 6
y ± 16 x2
4 −4
−6 y = − 43 16 − x2
(c) Explicitly: (d) Implicitly:

dy 3 18x 32yy 0
± 16 x2122x
dx 8 9x
y
3x 3x 9x 16y

416 x2 443y 16y
x2 4
21. xy 4 23. y2
x2 4
xy y1 0
x 2 42x x 2 42x
2yy
x y y x 2 42
y 16x
y 2yy
x x 2 42
1 8x
At 4, 1: y y
4 yx 2 42
At 2, 0, y is undefined.
25. x23 y23 5 27. tanx y x

2 13 2 13
x y y 0 1 y sec2x y 1
3 3 1 sec2x y
y
y
x13
y13
yx
3

sec2x y
tan2x y
sin2x y
tan2x y 1
1
At 8, 1: y . x2
2 2
x 1
At 0, 0: y 0.
29. x2 4y 8 31. x2 y22 4x2y

x2 4y y2x 0 2x2 y22x 2yy 4x2y y8x
2xy 4x3 4x2yy 4xy2 4y3y 4x2y 8xy

y
x2 4 4x2yy 4y3y 4x2y 8xy 4x3 4xy2
2x8x2 4 4yx2y y3 x2 42xy x3 xy2

x2 4
2xy x3 xy2
16x y
2 x2y y3 x2
x 42
At 1, 1: y 0.
32 1
At 2, 1: y
64 2
Or, you could just solve for y: y x 2

8
4
33. tan y x 35. x 2 y 2 36
ysec2 y 1 2x 2yy 0
1 x
y cos2 y, < y < y
sec2 y 2 2 y
sec2 y 1 tan2 y 1 x2
y
1 y1 xy
y x yx y 2 x 2 36
y 3
1 x2 y2 y2 y3 y
37. x2 y2 16 39. y2 x3
2x 2yy 0 2yy 3x2
x 3x2 3x2 xy 3y x3 3y
y y xy 2x y2 2x
y 2y 2y
x yy 0 2x3y 3y2
y
1 yy y2 0 4x2
2x3 3y2x 6y
xy
2
1 yy 0 4x2
y2 y3y x2 3y 3x

4x2 4y
y2 x2 16
y 3
y3 y
41. x y 4 9
1 12 1 12
x y y 0
2 2
(9, 1)
y −1 14
y −1
x
1
At 9, 1, y
3
1
3
1
y x4
3
x 3y 12 0
43. x2 y2 25
x
y
y
At 4, 3: 6
4 (4, 3)
Tangent line: y 3 x 4 ⇒ 4x 3y 25 0 −9 9
3
3
Normal line: y 3 x 4 ⇒ 3x 4y 0. −6
4
At 3, 4: 6
(−3, 4)
3
Tangent line: y 4 x 3 ⇒ 3x 4y 25 0 −9 9
4
4
Normal line: y 4 x 3 ⇒ 4x 3y 0. −6
3
45. x2 y2 r 2
2x 2yy 0
x
y slope of tangent line
y
y
slope of normal line
x
Let x0, y0 be a point on the circle. If x0 0, then the tangent line is horizontal, the normal line is vertical and, hence, passes
through the origin. If x0
0, then the equation of the normal line is
y0
y y0 x x0
x0
y0
y x
x0
which passes through the origin.
47. 25x2 16y2 200x 160y 400 0 y

(− 4, 10)
10
50x 32yy 200 160y 0
200 50x 6
y (− 8, 5) (0, 5)
160 32y 4
(− 4, 0)
Horizontal tangents occur when x 4: x
−10 − 8 − 6 − 4 2
−2
2516 16y2 2004 160y 400 0
y y 10 0 ⇒ y 0, 10
Horizontal tangents: 4, 0, 4, 10.
Vertical tangents occur when y 5:

25x2 400 200x 800 400 0
25xx 8 0 ⇒ x 0, 8
Vertical tangents: 0, 5, 8, 5.
49. Find the points of intersection by letting y2 4x in the equation 2x2 y2 6.
2x2 4x 6 and x 3x 1 0

The curves intersect at 1, ± 2. 4 y 2 = 4x
Ellipse: Parabola: (1, 2)

−6 6
4x 2yy 0 2yy 4 (1, − 2)
2x 2 + y 2 = 6
2x 2
y y −4
y y
At 1, 2, the slopes are:
y 1 y 1.

y 1 y 1.
Tangents are perpendicular.
51. y x and x sin y 4

x = sin y
Point of intersection: 0, 0
−6 6
(0, 0)
y x: x sin y:
y 1 1 y cos y −4
x+y=0
y sec y

y 1 y 1.
Tangents are perpendicular.
53. xy C x2 y2 K 2 2
C=4
xy y 0 2x 2yy 0
−3 3 −3 3
C=1
y x
y y K = −1 K=2
x y
−2 −2
At any point of intersection x, y the product of the

slopes is yxxy 1. The curves are orthogonal.
55. 2y2 3x4 0

dy dx
(a) 4yy 12x3 0 (b) 4y 12x3 0
dt dt
4yy 12x3
dy dx
12x3 3x3 y 3x3
y dt dt
4y y
57. cos y 3 sin x 1

dy dx
(a) sin yy 3 cos x 0 (b) sin y 3 cos x 0
dt dt
3 cos x dy dx
y sin y 3 cos x
sin y dt dt
59. A function is in explicit form if y is written as a function

of x: y f x. For example, y x3. An implicit equation
is not in the form y f x. For example, x 2 y 2 5.
61. (a) x4 44x2 y2 10
4y2 16x2 x4
− 10 10
1
y2 4x2 x4
4
− 10
y± 1
4x2 x4
4
1
(b) y 3 ⇒ 9 4x 2 x4
4
36 16x2 x4
x4 16x2 36 0
16 ± 256 144
x2 8 ± 28
2
Note that x2 8 ± 28 8 ± 27 1 ± 7 2.
Hence, there are four values of x:

1 7, 1 7, 17, 1 7
x8 x2
To find the slope, 2yy 8x x3 ⇒ y .
23
For x 1 7, y 3 7 7, and the line is

1
y1 37 7x 1 7 3 37 7x 87 23 .

1 1

1
y2 137 7x 1 7 3 137 7x 23 87 .

1
y3 137 7x 1 7 3 137 7x 23 87 . 10

1
− 10 10
y4 37 7x 1 7 3 37 7x 87 23 .

1 1 y1 y4
y3 y2
− 10
—CONTINUED—
Section 2.6 Related Rates 85
61. —CONTINUED—
(c) Equating y3 and y4,
1

3
7 7 x 1 7 3 13 7 7 x 1 7 3
7 7 x 1 7 7 7 x 1 7
7x 7 7 7x 7 77 7x 7 7 7x 7 77
167 14x
87
x
7
If x
87
7
, then y 5 and the lines intersect at
87
7
,5 .
63. Let f x xn xpq, where p and q are nonzero integers and q > 0. First consider the case where p 1. The derivative of
f x x1q is given by
d 1q f x x f x f t f x
x lim lim
dx x→0 x t→x tx
where t x x. Observe that

f t f x t1q x1q t1q x1q
1q q
tx tx t x1qq
t1q x1q

t1q x1q t11q . . . t1qx12q x11q
t12qx1q
1
.
t11q t12qx1q . . . t1qx12q x11q
As t → x, the denominator approaches qx11q. That is,
d 1q 1 1
x 11q x1q1.
dx qx q
Now consider f x xpq xp1q. From the Chain Rule,

1
q
d
dx
1
q
p
q
p
q
p
fx xp1q1 xp xp1q 1pxp1 xpqp p1 xpq 1 nxn1 n .
q
Section 2.6 Related Rates
1. y x 3. xy 4
dy
dt

1 dx
2x dt x
dy
dt
dx
y 0
dt

dx dy dy y dx
2x
dt dt dt x dt
(a) When x 4 and dxdt 3,
dy 1
dx
dt

x dy
y dt
3
3 .
dt 24 4 (a) When x 8, y 12, and dxdt 10,
(b) When x 25 and dydt 2, dy

12 5
10 .
dt 8 8
dx
225 2 20. (b) When x 1, y 4, and dydt 6,
dt
dx 1 3
6 .
dt 4 2
5. y x2 1 7. y tan x
dx dx
2 2
dt dt
dy dx dy dx
2x sec2 x
dt dt dt dt
(a) When x 1, (a) When x 3,
dy dy
212 4 cmsec. 222 8 cmsec.
dt dt
(b) When x 0, (b) When x 4,
dy dy
202 0 cmsec. 2 22 4 cmsec.
dt dt
(c) When x 1, (c) When x 0,
dy dy
212 4 cmsec. 122 2 cmsec.
dt dt
dx dy dy dx
9. (a) negative ⇒ positive 11. Yes, y changes at a constant rate: a .
dt dt dt dt
dy dx
dy dx No, the rate is a multiple of .
(b) positive ⇒ negative dt dt
dt dt
13. D x2 y2 x2 x2 12 x4 3x2 1

dx
2
dt
dD 1 4 dx 2x3 3x dx 4x3 6x
x 3x2 1 124x3 6x
dt 2 dt x 3x 1 dt
4 2 x4 3x2 1
12b
15. A r2 17. (a) sin ⇒ b 2s sin
2 s 2
dr h
3 cos ⇒ h s cos
dt 2 s 2

dA
dt
2 r
dr
dt
A
1
2
1
bh 2s sin
2 2 s cos 2

(a) When r 6,
2
s2
2 sin cos
2 2
s2
sin
2
dA
2 63 36 cm2min.
dt
θ
(b) When r 24, s s
h
dA
2 243 144 cm2min.
dt b
dA s2 d d 1
(b) cos where radmin.
dt 2 dt dt 2
When
dA s2 3
,
6 dt

2 2 12 3s 2
8
dA s2 1 1
When ,
3 dt

2 2 2

s2
8
(c) If d dt is constant, dAdt is proportional to cos .
4 dV 21. s 6x2
19. V r 3, 800
3 dt
dx
3
dV dr dt
4 r 2
dt dt ds dx
12x
dt dt
dr
dt

1 dV
4 r 2 dt

1
4 r 2
800 (a) When x 1,
ds
dr 1 2 1213 36 cm2sec.
(a) When r 30, 800 cmmin. dt
dt 4 302 9
dr 1 1 (b) When x 10,
(b) When r 60, 800 cmmin.
dt 4 60 2 18 ds
12103 360 cm2sec.
dt
23.
1 1 9
V r 2h h2 h
3 3 4 since 2r 3h
3 3
h
4 h
dV
10
dt r
dV 9 2 dh dh 4dVdt
h ⇒
dt 4 dt dt 9h2
dh 410 8
When h 15, ftmin.
dt 9 152 405
25. 12
1
6
3
1
1
(a) Total volume of pool 2126 1612 144 m3
2
1
Volume of 1m. of water 166 18 m3 2
2
h=1
(see similar triangle diagram)
12
18
% pool filled 144 100% 12.5%
b=6
(b) Since for 0 ≤ h ≤ 2, b 6h, you have
1
V bh6 3bh 36hh 18h2
2
dV dh 1 dh 1 1 1
36h ⇒ mmin.
dt dt 4 dt 144h 1441 144
27. x2 y2 252
dx dy
2x 2y 0
dt dt 25
y
dy x dx 2x dx
dt

y
dt

y
since
dt
2.
dy 27 7 1
(a) When x 7, y 576 24, ftsec. (b) A xy
dt 24 12 2
dy 215 3
When x 15, y 400 20,
dt

20

2
ftsec.
dA 1 dy
dt
x
2 dt
ydx
dt
dy 224 48 dx
When x 24, y 7, ftsec. From part (a) we have x 7, y 24, 2,
dt 7 7 dt
dy 7
and .
dt 12
dA 1

7
Thus, dt 2 7 12 242
527
21.96 ft2sec.
24
x
(c) tan
y
d 1 dx x dy
sec2
dt

y
dt
2
y
dt
θ
25
y
d

1 dx x dy
dt
cos2
y
dt
2
y
dt x
d
dx dy 7 24 24

241 2 247 127 121 rad
sec.
2
Using x 7, y 24, 2, and cos , we have 2
dt dt 12 25 dt 25
29. When y 6, x 122 62 63, and

s
12 − y
s x2 12 y2 ( x, y )
x
108 36 12. y
12
x2 12 y 2 s2
dx dy ds
2x 212 y1 2s
dt dt dt
dx dy ds
x y 12 s
dt dt dt
Also, x2 y2 122
dx dy dy x dx
2x 2y 0⇒ .
dt dt dt y dt
x dx
Thus, x
dx
dt
y 12
y dt
sds
dt
126 1 3
dx

12x ds dx sy ds
xx s ⇒ 0.2 msec (horizontal)
dt y dt dt 12x dt 12 63 53 15
dy x dx 63 3 1 msec (vertical).

dt

y dt

6
15 5
31. (a) s2 x2 y2
dx
450 les
) y
dt mi
in
e(
c 200
dy s tan
Di
600 100 s
dt
x
100 200
ds dx dy Distance (in miles)
2s 2x 2y
dt dt dt
ds xdxdt ydydt

dt s
When x 150 and y 200, s 250 and
ds 150450 200600
750 mph.
dt 250
250 1
(b) t hr 20 min
750 3
33. s2 902 x2 2nd
x 30
30 ft
dx
28 3rd x
1st
dt s
ds dx ds x dx 90 ft
2s
dt
2x ⇒
dt dt s
dt Home
When x 30,
s 902 302 3010

ds 30 28
28 8.85 ftsec.
dt 3010 10
15 y
35. (a) ⇒ 15y 15x 6y
6 yx
5
y x
3 15
dx
5 6
dt
x
dy 5 dx 5 25 y
dt

3
dt
5
3 3
ftsec
d y x dy dx 25 10
(b) 5 ftsec
dt dt dt 3 3
1 t 39. Since the evaporation rate is proportional to the surface

37. xt sin , x 2 y 2 1 area, dVdt k4 r 2. However, since V 43 r 3,
2 6
we have
2
(a) Period: 12 seconds dV dr
6 4 r 2 .
dt dt
1
(b) When x , y
2 1 122
2

3
2
m. Therefore,
0, 23
dr dr
Lowest point: k4 r 2 4 r 2 ⇒k .
dt dt
1
(c) When x , y
4 1 14 2

15
4
and t 1
dx 1 t t
dt

2 6
cos
6

12
cos
6
x2 y2 1
dx dy dy x dx
2x 2y 0⇒ .
dt dt dt y dt
Thus,

12 cos 6
dy 14

dt 154

1 23 24 15 1205.

15 12
Speed

5
120

5
120
msec
41. pV1.3 k
dV dp
1.3 pV 0.3 V1.3 0
dt dt

V 0.3 1.3p
dV
dt
V
dp
dt
0
dV dp
1.3p V
dt dt
y
43. tan y
30
dy
3 msec.
dt
d 1 dy y
sec2 dt

30 dt θ
x
d 1 dy

30
cos2
dt 30 dt
When y 30, 4 and cos 22. Thus,
d
dt

1 1
30 2
3 1
20
radsec.
y
45. tan , y 5
x
L
y=5
dx
600 mihr θ
dt
x
d 5 dx
sec2 2
dt x
dt
d
dt
cos2 2
5 dx
x dt
x2 5 dx
2 2
L x dt
L5 15dxdt sin 15600 120 sin
2
2
2 2
d 120 1
(a) When 30, 30 radhr radmin.
dt 4 2
d
(b) When 60,
dt
120
3
4 3
90 radhr radmin.
2
d
(c) When 75, 120 sin2 75 111.96 radhr 1.87 radmin.
dt
d
47. 10 revsec2 radrev 20 radsec
dt
P
x
(a) cos
30
30 θ
x
x
d 1 dx
sin
dt 30 dt
dx d
30 sin 30 sin 20 600 sin
dt dt
(b) 2000
0 4π
− 2000

(c) dxdt 600 sin is greatest when sin 1 ⇒ 2 n or 90 n 180

dxdt is least when n or n 180.
dx 1
(d) For 30, 600 sin30 600 300 cmsec.
dt 2
dx 3
For 60, 600 sin60 600 3003 cmsec
dt 2
x
49. tan ⇒ x 50 tan
50
dx d
50 sec2
dt dt
d
2 50 sec2
dt
d 1
cos2 , ≤ ≤
dt 25 4 4
d 2y
51. x2 y2 25; acceleration of the top of the ladder
dt 2
dx dy
First derivative: 2x 2y 0
dt dt
dx dy
x y 0
dt dt
d 2x dx dx d 2y dy dy
Second derivative: x
dt 2

dt
dt
y 2
dt dt
dt
0
d 2y
xddt x dxdt dydt
1 2 2 2

dt 2 y 2
dy 7 dx dx d 2x
When x 7, y 24, , and 2 (see Exercise 27). Since is constant, 2 0.
dt 12 dt dt dt
d 2y
dt 2

1
24
70 22
7
12 241 4 144
2 49
24 144 0.1808 ft sec
1 625 2
53. (a) Using a graphing utility, you obtain ms 0.881s2 29.10s 206.2
dm dm ds ds
(b) 1.762s 29.10
dt ds dt dt
ds
(c) If t s 1995, then s 15.5 and 1.2.
dt
dm
Thus, 1.76215.5 29.101.2 2.15 million.
dt
Review Exercises for Chapter 2
1. f x x2 2x 3
f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x

x x2 2x x 3
x2 2x 3
lim
x→0 x
x2 2xx x2 2x 2x 3 x2 2x 3
lim
x→0 x
2xx x2 2x
lim lim 2x x 2 2x 2
x→0 x x→0
3. f x x 1 5. f is differentiable for all x 1.

f x x f x
fx lim
x→0 x
x x 1 x 1
lim
x→0 x
x x x x x x
lim
x

x→0 x x x
x x x
lim
x→0 xx x x
1 1
lim
x→0 x x x 2x
Review Exercises for Chapter 2 93
7. f x 4 x 2 4 1
9. Using the limit definition, you obtain gx x .
3 6
(a) Continuous at x 2.
4 1 3
(b) Not differentiable at x 2 because of the sharp turn At x 1, g1
3 6 2
in the graph.
y
7
6
5
4
3
2
x
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−3
11. (a) Using the limit defintion, fx 3x 2. gx g2

13. g2 lim
x→2 x2
At x 1, f1 3. The tangent line is
x 2x 1 4
y 2 3x 1 lim
x→2 x2
y 3x 1 x3 x 2 4
lim
(b) 0 x→2 x2
−4 2
x 2x 2 x 2
lim
(−1, −2) x→2 x2
lim x 2 x 2 8
x→2
−4
15. y 17. y 25 19. f x x8

f′
fx 8x7
f
2 y 0
x
−1 1
21. ht 3t 4 23. f x x3 3x2

ht 12t 3 fx 3x2 6x 3xx 2
2
25. hx 6x 3
3 x 6x1 2 3x1 3 27. gt t2
3
3 1
hx 3x1 2 x2 3 4 3 4
x
3 x2 gx t 3
3 3t
sin
29. f 2 3 sin 31. f 3 cos
4
f 2 3 cos
cos
f 3 sin
4
33. F 200T 35. st 16t2 s0
100 s9.2 169.22 s0 0

Ft
T s0 1354.24
(a) When T 4, F4 50 vibrations/sec/lb. The building is approximately 1354 feet high (or 415 m).
(b) When T 9, F9 3313 vibrations/sec/lb.
37. (a) y
(c) Ball reaches maximum height when x 25.
15 (d) y x 0.02x2
10 y 1 0.04x
5
y0 1
x
y10 0.6
20 40 60
y25 0
Total horizontal distance: 50
y30 0.2
(b) 0 x 0.02x2
y50 1
0x 1
x
50
implies x 50. (e) y25 0
39. xt t2 3t 2 t 2t 1

(b) vt < 0 for t < 2 .
3
(a) vt xt 2t 3
(d) xt 0 for t 1, 2.
at vt 2
(c) vt 0 for t 2 .
3 v1 21 3 1
x 2 2 2 1 2 2 4
3 3 1 1 1 v2 22 3 1
The speed is 1 when the position is 0.
41. f x 3x2 7x2 2x 3 43. hx x sin x x1 2 sin x
fx 3x2 72x 2 x2 2x 36x hx

1
sin x x cos x
2x
2 6x3 9x2 16x 7
x2 x 1
45. f x 2x x2 47. f x
x2 1
x2 12x 1 x2 x 12x
fx 2 2x3 2 1 1
x3 fx
x2 12
x 1
2
2x3 1 2
x 12
x3
x2
49. f x 4 3x21 51. y
cos x
6x cos x 2x x 2sin x 2x cos x x 2 sin x
fx 4 3x226x y
4 3x22 cos2 x cos2 x
53. y 3x 2 sec x 55. y x tan x

y 3x 2 sec x tan x 6x sec x y x sec2 x tan x
57. y x cos x sin x 59. gt t3 3t 2

y x sin x cos x cos x x sin x gt 3t2 3
g
t 6t
61. f 3 tan 63. y 2 sin x 3 cos x

f 3 sec2 y 2 cos x 3 sin x
f
6 sec sec tan 6 sec tan 2
y
2 sin x 3 cos x
y
y 2 sin x 3 cos x 2 sin x 3 cos x
0
2
x3
65. f x 1 x31 2 67. hx x2 1
1
fx 1 x31 23x2
xx 31x 11 x 32x

2
2 hx 2 2
x 2 12
3x2
2x 3x 2 6x 1
21 x3
x 2 13
69. f s s2 15 2s3 5 71. y 3 cos3x 1

fs s2 1 5 2 3s2 5 1 2s
s3 5
2 s2 3 2
y 9 sin3x 1
s s2 1 3 2

3s 1 5 5
s2 s3
ss2 13 28s3 3s 25
1 x sin 2x
73. y csc 2x 75. y
2 2 4
1 1 1
y csc 2x cot 2x2 y cos 2x2
2 2 4
csc 2x cot 2x 1
1 cos 2x sin2 x
2
2 3 2 2 sin x
77. y sin x sin7 2x 79. y
3 7 x2
y sin1 2 x cos x sin5 2 x cos x x 2 cos x sin x

y
x 22
cos xsin x1 sin2 x
cos3 xsin x
81. f t t2t 15 83. gx 2xx 11 2

ft tt 147t 2
x2
gx
The zeros of f correspond to the points on the graph of f x 13 2
where the tangent line is horizontal.
g does not equal zero for any value of x in the domain.
0.1
The graph of g has no horizontal tangent lines.
f′ 4
−0.1 1.3 g′
f
−2 7
−0.1
g
−2
85. f t t 11 2t 11 3 t 15 6 87. y tan1 x

5 sec21 x
ft y
6t 11 6 21 x
f does not equal zero for any x in the domain. The y does not equal zero for any x in the domain. The graph
graph of f has no horizontal tangent lines. has no horizontal tangent lines.
5 5
y
f
− 20 2
f′
−2 7 y′
−1 −4
t
89. y 2x2 sin 2x 91. f x cot x 93. f t
1 t2
y 4x 2 cos 2x fx csc2 x
t1
y
4 4 sin 2x f
2 csc xcsc x cot x ft
1 t3
2 csc2 x cot x 2t 2
f
t
1 t4
95. g tan 3 sin 1

g 3 sec2 3 cos 1
g
18 sec2 3 tan 3 sin 1
97. T 700t2 4t 101

1400t 2
T
t2 4t 102
(a) When t 1, (b) When t 3,
14001 2 14003 2
T 18.667 deg hr. T 7.284 deg hr.
1 4 102 9 12 102
(c) When t 5, (d) When t 10,
14005 2 140010 2
T 3.240 deg hr. T 0.747 deg hr.
25 30 102 100 40 102
99. x2 3xy y3 10
2x 3xy 3y 3y2y 0
3x y2y 2x 3y
2x 3y
y
3x y2
101. yx xy 16
y 12x x
1 2 1 2
y x 12y
1 2

y y1 2 0
x 2x yy y 2y x
2xy x 2xy y
y
2y 2x
2xy y 2y 2yx yy
y
2x 2xy x 2xy xx
103. x sin y y cos x 105. x2 y2 20 6
(2, 4)
x cos yy sin y y sin x y cos x 2x 2yy 0
−9 9
yx cos y cos x y sin x sin y x
y
y sin x sin y y
y −6
cos x x cos y 1
At 2, 4: y
2
1
2
x 2y 10 0
Normal line: y 4 2x 2
2x y 0
107. y x
dy
2 units sec
dt
dy 1 dx dx dy
⇒ 2x 4x
dt 2x dt dt dt
1 dx
(a) When x , 22 units/sec.
2 dt
dx
(b) When x 1, 4 units/sec.
dt
dx
(c) When x 4, 8 units/sec.
dt
s 1 2
109. 111. st 60 4.9t2
h 2
st 9.8t s (t)
1
s h 30˚
4 s 35 60 4.9t2 x(t )
dV 4.9t2 25
1
dt 5
t
Width of water at depth h: 4.9
1 st
w 2 2s 2 2 14h 4 2 h tan 30
3

xt
4h xt 3 st

V
5
22
2
5
4
h 8 hh
dx ds 5
3 39.8
dV 5 dh dt dt 4.9
4 h 1 1
dt 2 dt 2 2 2
38.34 m sec
dh 2dV dt s
2
dt 54 h h
dh 2
When h 1, m min. 2
dt 25

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C H A P T E R 2

Section 2.1 The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem . . . 53

Section 2.2 Basic Differentiation Rules and Rates of Change . 60

Section 2.3 The Product and Quotient Rules and

Section 2.4 The Chain Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Section 2.5 Implicit Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Section 2.6 Related Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

1. (a) m 0 f 4 f 1

5. f x 3 2x is a line. Slope 2 g1 x g1

13. f x 5x 15. hs 3

17. f x 2x2 x 1

19. f x x3 12x

25. (a) f x x2 1 17. (b) 8

x x2 1 x2 1

At 2, 5, the slope of the tangent line is

27. (a) f x x3 18. (b) 10

At 2, 8, the slope of the tangent is m 322 12.

29. (a) f x x 18. (b) 3

At 1, 1, the slope of the tangent line is

The equation of the tangent line is

41. f x x ⇒ fx matches (a) 43. y

Answers will vary.

45. (a) If fc 3 and f is odd, then fc fc 3

5 4x0 x02 8 8x0 2x02 1

49. (a) g0 3

(c) Because g1 3 , g is decreasing (falling) at x 1.

(d) Because g4 3 , g is increasing (rising) at x 4.

By the limit definition of the derivative we have fx

x 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

f x 0.01 f x 55. f 2 24 2 4, f 2.1 2.14 2.1 3.99

The graph of gx is approximately the graph of fx.

f As x → , f is nearly horizontal and thus f 0.

59. f x 4 x 32

(b) As x → 0, the line approaches the tangent line to f at 2, 3.

63. f x x3 2x2 1, c 2

69. h x x 5, c 5 71. f x is differentiable everywhere except at x 3.

xx 11 ,, xx >≤ 11

These one-sided limits are equal. Therefore, f is

4xx 1,3, xx >≤ 22

f x f 2 x2 1 5

f x f 2 4x 3 5

The one-sided limits are equal. Therefore, f is differentiable at x 2. f2 4

87. (a) The distance from 3, 1 to the line mx y 4 0 is y

The function d is not differentiable at m 1. This corresponds to the line

93. f x 0,x sin1x, x0

f x f 0 x2 sin1x 0 1

Section 2.2 Basic Differentiation Rules and Rates of Change

1. (a) y x12 (b) y x32 (c) y x2 (d) y x3

Function Rewrite Derivative Simplify

51. f x 6 x 5 cos x 6x12 5 cos x

61. y x sin x, 0 ≤ x < 2 63. x 2 kx 4x 9 Equate functions

67. (a) The slope appears to be steepest between A and B. (c) y

(b) The average rate of change between A and B is f

69. gx f x 6 ⇒ gx fx 71. y

If f is linear then its derivative is a constant function.

y2 y1 x22 6x2 5 x12 4

x22 6x2 5 x22 6x2 9 2x2 62x2 3

y1 32 11x 1 ⇒ y 2x 1.

75. f x x, 4, 0 77. f1 1

85. True. If gx 3f x, then gx 3fx.

f 2 f 1 12 1 1

91. (a) st 16t2 1362 93. st 4.9t2 v0t s0

s2 s1 vt 9.8t 120

5. f x 3 2x is a line. Slope 2 g1 x g1

x x2 1 x2 1

29. (a) f x x 18. (b) 3

41. f x x ⇒ fx matches (a) 43. y

45. (a) If fc 3 and f is odd, then fc fc 3

49. (a) g0 3

(c) Because g1 3 , g is decreasing (falling) at x 1.

(d) Because g4 3 , g is increasing (rising) at x 4.

By the limit definition of the derivative we have fx

The graph of gx is approximately the graph of fx.

f As x → , f is nearly horizontal and thus f 0.

(b) As x → 0, the line approaches the tangent line to f at 2, 3.

The one-sided limits are equal. Therefore, f is differentiable at x 2. f2 4

93. f x 0,x sin1x, x0

61. y x sin x, 0 ≤ x < 2 63. x 2 kx 4x 9 Equate functions

69. gx f x 6 ⇒ gx fx 71. y

y1 32 11x 1 ⇒ y 2x 1.

75. f x x, 4, 0 77. f1 1

85. True. If gx 3f x, then gx 3fx.

For v 40, T40 0.612. 0 100

For v 80, T80 1.081.

(b) f1.47 is usually negative. As prices go up, sales go down.

1. gx x 2 1x 2 2x 3. ht

fx xsin x cos x1 cos x x sin x

31. hs s3 22 s6 4s3 4

35. f x 3x3 4xx 5x 1

cos x xx sec2 x 2 tan x

53. y 2x sin x x 2 cos x 55. gx xx 122x 5

6 212 2 3 43

fx x3 3x 11 x 23x2 3

f1 1 slope at 1, 3. − 10

Tangent line: y 3 1x 1 ⇒ y x 2

67. (a) f x tan x, 4 , 1 55. (b) 4

f 4 2 slope at 4 , 1. −4

For general n, fx x n1 x cos x n sin x.

sin xsin x cos xcos x sin2 x cos2 x

87. f x 3 sin x 89. fx x2 91. f x 2x

It appears that f is cubic; so f would be quadratic and

(a) fx gxhx hxgx

f x gxhx gxhx hxgx hxgx

107. f x cos x f 3 cos 3 12

f x cos x f 3 cos 3 21

109. False. If y f xgx, then 111. True 113. True

fx 2x, if x < 0

y f gx u gx y f u

7. y 2x 73 9. gx 34 9x4

11. f x 9 x223 13. f t 1 t12

15. y 9x2 413 17. y 24 x 214

19. y x 21 21. f t t 32

23. y x 212 25. f x x2x 24

1 3x2 4x32 3tt2 3t 2

47. y cos 3x 49. gx 3 tan 4x

51. y sin x2 sin 2 x 2

57. y 4 sec2 x 59. f

65. y sincos x 67. st t 2 2t 812, 2, 4

9x2 t 13 3t 21 5

73. y 37 sec32x, 0, 36

79. f x 2x2 13 81. f x sin x 2

87. gx f 3x

89. (a) f x gxhx 73. (b) f x ghx

Need g3 to find f5.

91. (a) f 132,400331 v1 (b) f 132,400331 v1

97. (a) x 1.6372t3 19.3120t2 0.5082t 0.6161

99. f x sin x 101. (a) rx fgxgx

(a) fx cos x r1 fg1g1

f x 2 sin x 50 5

107. hx x cos x

9. x3 3x 2 2xy 2 12 11. sin x 2cos 2y 1

13. sin x x1 tan y 15. y sinxy

17. (a) x2 y2 16 (b) y