1/6/2016

3D Printing: Technological,
Medical and Pharmacy Uses

Luis Hernandez, Pharm.D.

PGY-1 Pharmacy Resident
University of Miami Hospital

Goals & Objectives

1) Goal: Understand the 3D printing process
Objective: Define 3D printing
2) Goal: Learn the origin and progression of
3D printing
Objective: Review the history of 3D
printing and its current applications
3) Goal: Evaluate the potential impact of 3D
printing in pharmacy
Objective: Analyze the pros & cons of 3D
printing in the pharmaceutical industry

DEFINING 3D PRINTING

http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2013/images/07/10/3d.printing.jpg

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What is 3D printing?
Process of making a physical object from a
3D digital model

Benefits of 3D Printing
Environmentally friendly
Prototype creation
Cost effectiveness & efficiency
Mass customization
Improvements in complexity

HISTORY OF 3D PRINTING

http://chronicle.kennametal.com/history-of-3d-printing-rds-version/

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Birth of 3D Printing (1984)

Charles Hull invents stereolithography

Tangible 3D object is created from digital
data

First 3D Printer (1992)

http://individual.troweprice.com/staticFiles/Retail/Shared/PDFs/3D_Printing_Infographic_FINAL.pdf

Lab Grown Organ (1999)

Urinary bladder augmentation
Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative
Medicine

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4nqw1yjyKEs/hqdefault.jpg

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RepRap (2005)
Open-source initiative
Vision: To have an affordable 3D printer in
every household

http://individual.troweprice.com/staticFiles/Retail/Shared
/PDFs/3D_Printing_Infographic_FINAL.pdf

Mass Customization (2006)

Machine capable of printing multiple
materials
Elastomers
Polymers

Single part made with various densities

and material properties

Self Replication (2008)

First self-replicating printer
MakerBot Industries

http://individual.troweprice.com/staticFiles/Retail/Shared/PDFs/3D_Printing_Infographic_FINAL.pdf

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Bioprinted Vessels (2009)

http://www.explainingthefuture.com/bioprinting.html

Vehicles & Jewelry (2011)

Urbee unveiled
Unmanned aircraft with elliptical wings
Gold and silver

http://inhabitat.com/the-worlds-first-3d-printed-
http://www.solidxperts.com/blog/en/stratasys-en/ https://i.materialise.com/blog/i-materialise-
plane-takes-flight/southampton-university-laser-
sintered-aircraft/
is-proud-to-launch-gold-and-silver

Prosthetic Jaw (2012)

Powder-based 3D printing

http://www.news-medical.net/news/20120207/Worlde28099s- http://www.cbsnews.com/news/woman-gets-worlds-first-
first-3D-printed-jaw-transplant.aspx 3d-printed-jaw-transplant/

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Dura Mater (2015)

ReDura

http://3dprintboard.com/showthread.php?14609-Chinese-
Are-Bioprinting-Dura-Mater-for-Brain-Surgery-Procedures

Poll question: What is the

cost of a 3D printer today?

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http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2458588,00.asp

3D PRINTING IN THE
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Pharmaceutical
Applications
Chlorpheniramine (2000)
Levofloxacin (2007)
Acetaminophen (2009)
Rifampin & isoniazid (2009)
Dexamethasone (2011)

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-6041/4/6/065005/pdf

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Spritam® (Levetiracetam)
FDA approval
Porous formulation
Zipdose technology

http://www.spritam.com/

http://www.sep.benfranklin.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/aprecia-zipdose.jpg

Organs-on-a-Chip
Lung-on-a-chip: Wyss Institute at Harvard
Gut-on-a-chip: Wyss Institute at Harvard
Heart-on-a-chip: UC Berkeley

http://discovermagazine.com/2015/june/4-pieces-of-me

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New Standard for

Drug Development?
Multimillion dollar grants
Bypasses cell testing and animal testing
Increased process control
Cost & time savings in drug development

U.S. Govt. Helping

Pharmaceuticals?
Why the multimillion dollar grants?
Imagine a poisonous gas is released in the
heart of Times Square…

Projected Implications
Faster, cheaper, safer, more effective
Models of Human Physiology & Pathology
Organ and tissue transplantation

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Regulatory Concerns
3D printers = medical device?
What about the ingredients?
Manufacturer? Distributor?
Packaging requirements? Instructions?

Other Concerns
Software? Hardware? Inks?
Mislabeling? Illegal drugs?
Can blueprints be hacked?

What Happens If…

Drug not approved by FDA is 3D printed?
An adverse drug reaction occurs?
Where does the liability lie?

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True or False Questions

1) 3D printing is defined as the process of
making a physical object from a three-
dimensional digital model, typically by
laying down many thin layers of a
material in succession
2) The first FDA approved medication
produced via 3D printing was Keppra
3) One of the proposed advantages of 3D
printing is increased adherence

References
Ursan ID, Chiu L, Pierce A. Three-dimensional drug printing: a structured
review. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2013 Mar-Apr;53(2):136-44.
Goyanes A, Wang J, Buanz A, Martinez-Pacheco R, Telford R, Gaisford S,
et al. 3D Printing of Medicines: Engineering Novel Oral Devices with
Unique Design and Drug Release Characteristics. Mol Pharm. 2015, Oct 16
(Epub ahead of print)
SPRITAM [package insert]. East Windsor, N.J. Aprecia Pharmaceuticals
Company; 2015.
Khaled SA, Burley JC, Alexander MR, Yang J, Roberts CJ. 3D printing of
tablets containing multiple drugs with defined release profiles. Int J
Pharm. 2015, Oct 30;494(2):643-50
Wu W, Zheng Q, Guo X, Sun J, Liu Y. A programmed release multi-drug
implant fabricated by three-dimensional printing technology for bone
tuberculosis therapy. Biomed Mater 2009 Dec;4(6):065005.

References
http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21654013-first-organ-
chips-are-coming-market-and-regulators-permitting-will-speed. Accessed Nov. 1,
2015
http://3dprinthq.com/body-on-a-chip-3d-printed-miniature-organs. Accessed Nov. 1,
2015
http://3dprinting.com/bio-printing/3d-printed-dura-mater-is-used-in-brain-surgery/.
Accessed Nov. 3, 2015
http://www.3ders.org/articles/20150721-medprin-3d-prints-the-world-first-
biological-meningioma-redura-for-use-in-brain-surgery.html. Accessed Nov. 3, 2015
http://individual.troweprice.com/staticFiles/Retail/Shared/PDFs/3D_Printing_Infograp
hic_FINAL.pdf. Accessed Oct. 29, 2015
http://3dprinthq.com/3doodler-3d-printing-pen/. Accessed Nov. 1, 2015
http://3dprinthq.com/top-20-cool-facts-about-3d-printing/. Accessed Nov. 4, 2015
http://www.forbes.com/sites/valleyvoices/2015/09/02/3d-printing-and-the-
complexity-of-compiling-matter/. Accessed Nov. 5, 2015
http://3dprintingindustry.com/3d-printing-basics-free-beginners-guide/benefits-
commercial-value/. Accessed Nov. 5, 2015

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