Natasha Campbell Gut and Psychology Syndrome GAPS Diet PDF

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Support A MESSAGE FROM DR. NATASHA CAMPBELL-MCBRIDE:
HELP!
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At the last WAPF conference I met dozens of wonderful people, who were telling
Testimonials me how the GAPS Programme changed their lives and lives of their families.
These people gave me an idea: WE NEED TO PUBLISH ALL THESE STORIES
AS A BOOK! There are millions of people and families out there in desperate
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situations, who believe the mainstream establishment that there is nothing they
can do to help themselves. Your stories - stories written by real people, will show
Wholesale those families that there is a way out and there is hope!
Please, write your story and send it to me, Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride, at

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medinform@lineone.net It is your choice to publish your story under your real
name or just the initials.
YOUR STORY MAY SAVE MANY LIVES!
THANK YOU!
**********
This site supports digestive healing following the GAPS (Gut and Psychology
Syndrome) diet created by Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride.
Our goal is to spread Dr. Campbell-McBride's message and introduce you to
the natural path of digestive healing.
For detailed information on the GAPS diet please refer to:
Gut & Psychology Syndrome

by Dr. Campbell-McBride
A Very Brief History
The Gut and Psychology Syndrome Diet has its foundation on the Specific
Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) created by Dr. Sidney Valentine Haas to heal digestive
disorders. SCD gained great popularity after a mother, Elaine Gottschall, healed her
own child and became an advocate for SCD. Elaine Gottschall is also the author of
the popular book Breaking the Vicious Cycle. Intestinal Health Through Diet.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride has taken SCD and evolved it further to create a full
protocol for healing digestive disorders and subsequent issues.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride holds a degree in Medicine and Postgraduate

degrees in both Neurology and Human Nutrition. In her clinic in Cambridge she
specializes in nutrition for children and adults with behavioral and learning
disabilities, and adults with digestive and immune system disorders.
Dr. Campbell-McBride set up The Cambridge Nutrition Clinic in 1998. As a parent

of a child diagnosed with learning disabilities, she was acutely aware of the
difficulties facing other parents like her, and she has devoted much of her time to
helping these families. She realized that nutrition played a critical role in helping
children and adults to overcome their disabilities, and has pioneered the use of
probiotics in this field.
She believes that the link between learning disabilities, the food and drink that we
take, and the condition of our digestive system is absolute, and the results of her
work have supported her position on this subject. In her clinic, parents discuss all
aspects of their child's condition, confident in the knowledge that they are not only
talking to a professional but to a parent who has lived their experience. Her deep
understanding of the challenges they face puts her advice in a class of its own.
**This site should be used as a complement to Dr. Campbell-McBride's book Gut

and Psychology Syndrome and is in no way a substitute for all the information
provided within it.**
GAPS™ and Gut and Psychology Syndrome™ are the trademark and
copyright of Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride. The right of Dr. Natasha Campbell-
McBride to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in
accordance with the Copyright, Patent and Designs Act 1988.
Published by:
International Nutrition, Inc.
11615 Crossroads Circle, Suite D
Middle River, MD 21220
(800) 899-3413
ask@gapsdiet.com
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*The statements on this site have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
Nothing on this site is intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
GAPS™ and Gut and Psychology Syndrome™ are the trademark and copyright of Dr. Natasha Campbell-
McBride. The right of Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by
her in accordance with the Copyright, Patent and Designs Act 1988.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet Simplified GAPS Outline

Here is a simplified outline of the GAPS Nutritional Program. Please
Getting Started
refer to Gut and Psychology Syndrome for more detailed information.
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THE NUTRITIONAL PROGRAM
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1. Diet
2. Supplementation
FAQs
3. Detoxification and Life-style Changes
Pregnancy and Baby
Resources 1. Diet
GAPS Cookbook The recommended diet for GAPS patients is largely based on the
Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD). The main difference pertains to dairy
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products.
SCD permits lactose-free dairy products. Lactose is a milk sugar.

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GAPS and people with digestive problems are unable to digest it and
must avoid it.
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Fermented dairy products such as yogurt are largely lactose free as a

Physicians result of the fermentation process where by the fermenting bacteria
consume lactose. Apart from lactose, milk contains casein which will
Wholesale absorb through the damaged gut lining and act as a toxin in the body.
Another problem with dairy is how it relates to food allergies and

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intolerances. A milk allergy is one of the most common allergies. Even
in breast-fed babies where the mother consumes dairy products the child
may develop colic due to sensitivity to dairy antigens being passed
through the mother's milk.
For all of these reasons, GAPS children and adults should not consume
dairy products until their digestive system is well enough to handle
them. The diet's only exception to this is milk fat (ghee or clarified
butter) because it contains virtually no milk proteins or lactose and is
generally well tolerated.
Please refer to "The Diet" section for a list of recommended foods.
2. Supplementation
The essential supplements for GAPS patients:
A. An effective therapeutic strength probiotic

B. Essential Fatty Acids
C. Vitamin A
D. Digestive enzymes
E. Vitamin and mineral supplements.
A. An effective therapeutic strength

probiotic
Probiotics are most commonly used in the

treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders:
viral infections of the digestive tract

necrotising enterocolitis in infants
intractable pediatric diarrhea
pseudomembranous colitis
traveler's diarrhea
Clostridium Difficile enterocolitis
enterocolitis
Helicobacter infection
enteropathogenic E. coli infection
inflammatory bowel disorders: Crohn's disease,
ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis
irritable bowel syndrome
lactose intolerance
prevention of colonic cancer in laboratory studied

In addition to digestive issues many other
health problems have been shown to
respond to treatment with probiotics:
allergies including food allergy

autism
chronic viral infections
urogenital infections
hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and biliary disease
tuberculosis
meningitis
malignancy
arthritis
diabetes
burns of various degree
perioperative care and intensive care in surgical
patients and patients with massive blood loss
clinical infections
autoimmune disorders
While many conditions may benefit from

the use of probiotics, the above list has
had scientific papers published on the
benefit of probiotics with the specific
condition.
General Guidelines for choosing a good

probiotic:
a. A good probiotic should have as

many different species of beneficial
bacteria as possible.
b. A mixture of strains from different

groups of probiotic bacteria is more
beneficial than just one group.
c. A good probiotic should have a

concentrated amount of bacteria: at
least 8 billion of bacterial cells per
gram.
d. The manufacturer of the probiotic

should test every batch for strength
and bacterial composition and
should be prepared to publish
the results.

(Bio-kult is the recommended probiotic and
Dr. Campbell-McBride is one of the
inventors)
GAPS children and adults should have a

group of essential oils supplemented:
a. A good seed/nut oil blend in the ratio

of 2:1 of omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids.
b. Cod liver oil to supply EPA, DHA,

vitamin A and vitamin D.
c. Fish oil with higher ratio of EPA to

DHA, as more EPA seems to be
beneficial for GAPS patients. There
are no toxic levels for these oils.
C. Vitamin A
As listed previously, vitamin A is

recommended in the form of Cod Liver Oil
(CLO). Vitamin A deficiency can
cause digestive problems.
Leaky gut and malabsorption are the typical

results of vitamin A deficiency.
Unfortunately, due to digestive problems,
GAPS children and adults usually cannot
absorb or use many forms of vitamin A,
commonly found in supplements.
A natural form of vitamin A found in CLO

appears to be the best form for these patients.

D. Digestive Enzymes
People with abnormal gut flora almost

without exception have low stomach acid
production. Toxins produced from bacteria
such as Candida and Clostridia have a
strong ability to reduce secretion of stomach
acid.
Stomach acid is the first barrier for huge

numbers of microbes arriving with every
bite of food or drink we consume. If
the stomach is not acid enough, these bad
microbes may have a chance of colonizing in
the stomach itself.
Dr. Campbell-McBride recommends that

GAPS patients supplement with stomach
acid. The most physiological preparation
available is Betaine HCl with Pepsin.
Pancreatic Enzymes
These are the enzymes people generally

think of when hearing the
words "digestive enzymes". These
enzymes are usually combinations of
proteases, peptidases, lipases, amylase,
lactase and cellulase.
In a healthy digestive tract, these enzymes
are naturally produced by the pancreas. If
normal stomach acidity can be returned,
these enzymes should work efficiently.
Dr. Campbell-McBride recommends

supplementation with stomach acid. If
you feel benefit from the use of these
supplements, make sure they do not
contain fillers or binders which may
interfere with the healing process in the
gut.
E. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
Dr. Campbell-McBride does not generally

recommend any vitamin or mineral
supplementation at the beginning of the
program.
Some patients may require targeted

supplementation but this is a matter for a
qualified practitioner to decide.
If you are going to use supplements:
a. Choose supplements without any

ingredients which may aggravate the
gut condition.

b. Choose supplements with a high
absorption rate.
c. Keep supplements to an absolute

minimum.
3. DETOXIFICATION AND LIFE-STYLE CHANGES
The first and most important thing is to remove the main source of
toxicity, which means cleaning up and healing the gut.
Since this alone will not rid the body of years worth of toxic build up in
the system, juicing is recommended. Juicing provides very concentrated
fruit and vegetable nutrients to the body in an easily absorbed form.
Black Elderberry is also beneficial and has strong immune-stimulating

properties and it is one of the most powerful anti-viral remedies known
to man.
The General Toxic Load

An important part of the treatment is reduction
of the general toxic load. Keep your house
chemical free and avoid bringing anything into
the home which will let off chemicals such
as new carpet, furniture, and paints. Also
remember that your skin absorbs just about
everything it comes in contact with so be
very cautious with the products you put on
your skin.
Household plants are great at reducing the

toxic air in our houses. They consume the
toxic gases and replace them with oxygen and
other beneficial substances.

This is a brief summary of important points addressed in Gut and

Psychology Syndrome. It is very important to read the sections devoted
to these areas in the book for a clear understanding of each.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet GAPS Introduction Diet

Gut and Psychology Syndrome Introduction Diet
Getting Started
The Introduction Diet will not be found in the book Gut and
Bio-Kult Probiotic Psychology Syndrome. Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride has
provided this information free of charge to all families interested in
Dairy starting the GAPS diet. It is essential to have the book Gut and
Psychology Syndrome to implement the GAPS diet effectively.
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FAQs Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride recommends that GAPS patients

follow the Introduction Diet before going into the Full GAPS Diet.
Pregnancy and Baby Depending on the severity of the condition, you can move through
the Introduction Diet as fast or as slow as the condition will permit.
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Following the Introduction Diet fully is essential for

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people with serious digestive symptoms: diarrhea,
abdominal pain, bloating, some cases of constipation, etc. The
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Introduction Diet will reduce the symptoms quickly and initiate the
healing process in the digestive system. Even for healthy people,
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following the Introduction Diet when experiencing a "tummy bug"
or diarrhea will clear the symptoms quickly and permanently
Testimonials usually without needing medication.
Physicians Constipation
In cases of stubborn constipation, introduce freshly pressed juices
Wholesale earlier in the diet, from stage 2: start from carrot juice first thing in
the morning and take your cod liver oil at the same time. The juice
Gaps Guide Blog will stimulate bile production as many cases of persistent
constipation are due to poor bile production. When there is not
enough bile, the fats in the food do not digest well; instead they
react with salts and form soap in the gut, causing constipation.
Removing dairy may also help.
Food Allergies and Intolerances

People with food allergies and intolerances should go through the
Introduction Diet in order to heal and seal their gut lining. The
reason for allergies and food intolerances is so-called "leaky gut"
when the gut lining is damaged by abnormal micro flora. Foods do
not get the chance to be digested properly before they get
absorbed through this damaged wall and cause the immune
system to react to them. Many people try to identify which foods
they react to. However, with damaged gut wall they are likely to
absorb most of their foods partially digested, which may cause an
immediate reaction or a delayed reaction (a day, a few days or
even a couple of weeks later). As these reactions overlap with
each other, you can never be sure what exactly you are reacting to
on any given day. Testing for food allergies in notoriously
unreliable: if one had enough resources to test twice a day for two
weeks, they would find that they are "allergic" to everything they
eat. As long as the gut wall is damaged and stays damaged, you
can be juggling your diet forever removing different foods and
never get anywhere. From my clinical experience it is best to
concentrate on healing the gut wall with the Introduction Diet.
Once the gut wall is healed, the foods will be digested properly
before being absorbed, which will remove most food intolerances
and allergies.
Those without serious digestive problems and food intolerances

can move through the Introduction Diet quite quickly. However,
please do not be tempted to skip the Introduction
Diet and go straight into the Full GAPS Diet, because
the Introduction Diet will give your patient the best chance to
optimise the healing process in the gut and the rest of the
body. Skipping the Introduction Diet may lead to long-term
lingering problems, difficult to deal with.
If you have decided to go straight into the Full GAPS

Diet, keep in mind that about 85% of everything your patient eats
daily should be made out of meats, fish, eggs, fermented dairy and
vegetables (some well-cooked, some fermented and some raw).
Baking and fruit should be kept out of the diet for a few weeks, and
then be limited to snacks between meals and should not replace
the main meals. Homemade meat stock, soups, stews and natural
fats are not optional - they should be your patient's staples.
*Note: Those who start with the Introduction Diet will introduce
dairy earlier than those who go right into the full GAPS diet.
Always do a sensitivity test prior to introducing dairy.
GAPS Introduction Diet - IMPLEMENTING THE

DIET
Provided by Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
1. Introduction Diet

2. The Full GAPS Diet with the typical menu
INTRODUCTION DIET
EVERY MORNING
Start the day with a cup of still mineral or filtered water. Give your
patient the probiotic. Make sure that the water is warm or room
temperature, not cold, as cold will aggravate his or her condition.
Only foods listed are allowed: your patient must not have anything
else. On the First Stage the most drastic symptoms of abdominal
pain, diarrhea and constipation will quickly subside. If, when you
introduce a new food, your patient gets back diarrhea, pain or any
other digestive symptoms then he/she is not ready for that food to
be introduced. Wait for a week and try again.
If you suspect an allergy to any particular food, before introducing

it do the Sensitivity Test.
SENSITIVITY TEST
Take a drop of the food in question (if the food is solid, mash and
mix with a bit of water) and place it on the inside of the wrist of the
patient. Do it at bedtime. Let the drop dry on the skin, then let
your patient go to sleep. In the morning check the spot: if there is
an angry red reaction, then avoid that food for a few weeks, and
then try again. If there is no reaction, then go ahead and introduce
it gradually starting from a small amount.
STAGE 1
Homemade meat or fish stock.

Meat and fish stocks provide building blocks for the rapidly
growing cells of the gut lining and they have a soothing effect on
any areas of inflammation in the gut. That is why they aid
digestion and have been known for centuries as healing folk
remedies for the digestive tract. Do not use commercially
available soup stock granules or bullion cubes, they are highly
processed and are full of detrimental ingredients. Chicken stock is
particularly gentle on the stomach and is very good to start from.
To make good meat stock you need joints, bones, a piece of meat
on the bone, a whole chicken, giblets from chicken, goose or duck,
whole pigeons, pheasants or other inexpensive meats. It is
essential to use bones and joints, as they provide the healing
substances, not so much the muscle meats. Ask the butcher to
cut in half the large tubular bones, so you can get the bone marrow
out of them after cooking. Put the bones, joints and meats into a
large pan and fill it with water, add natural unprocessed salt to your
taste at the beginning of cooking and about a teaspoon of black
peppercorns, roughly crushed. Bring to boil, cover and simmer on
a low heat for 2.5-3 hours. You can make fish stock the same way
using a whole fish or fish fins, bones and heads. After cooking
take the bones and meats out and sieve the stock to remove small
bones and peppercorns. Strip off all the soft tissues from the
bones as best as you can to later add to soups or encourage your
patient to eat all the soft tissues on the bones. Extract the bone
marrow out of large tubular bones while they are still warm: to do
that bang the bone on a thick wooden chopping board. The
gelatinous soft tissues around the bones and the bone marrow
provide some of the best healing remedies for the gut lining and
the immune system; your patient needs to consume them with
every meal. Take off all the soft tissues from fish bones and heads
and reserve for adding to soups later. The meat or fish stock will
keep well in the fridge for at least 7 days or it can be frozen. Keep
giving your patient warm meat stock as a drink all day with his
meals and between meals. Do not use microwaves for warming
up the stock, use conventional stove (microwaves destroy food). It
is very important for your patient to consume all the fat in the stock
and off the bones as these fats are essential for the healing
process. Add some probiotic food into every cup of stock (the
details about introducing probiotic food follow).
Homemade soup with your homemade meat or fish

stock.
Please look for some recipe ideas in the recipe section of the
book. Here we will go through some details, specific for the
Introduction Diet. Bring some of the meat stock to boil, add
chopped or sliced vegetables: onions, carrots, broccoli, leeks,
cauliflower, courgettes, marrow, squash, pumpkin, etc. and simmer
for 25-35 minutes. You can choose any combination of available
vegetables avoiding very fibrous ones, such as all varieties of
cabbage and celery. All particularly fibrous parts of vegetables
need to be removed, such as skin and seeds on pumpkins,
marrows and squashes, stalk of broccoli and cauliflower and any
other parts that look too fibrous. Cook the vegetables well, so they
are really soft. When vegetables are well cooked, add 1-2
tablespoons of chopped garlic, bring to boil and turn the heat off.
Give your patient this soup with the bone marrow and meats and
other soft tissues, which you cut off the bones. You can blend the
soup using a soup blender or serve it as it is. Add some probiotic
food into every bowl of soup (the details about introducing
probiotic foods follow). Your patient should eat these soups with
boiled meat and other soft tissues off the bones as often as he/she
wants to all day.
Probiotic foods are essential to introduce right from

the beginning.
These can be dairy based or vegetable based. To avoid any
reactions introduce probiotic foods gradually, starting from 1-2
teaspoons a day for 2-5 days, then 3-4 teaspoons a day for 2-5
days and so on until you can add a few teaspoons of the probiotic
food into every cup of meat stock and every bowl of soup. If your
patient is ready to introduce dairy, then use your homemade
yogurt or kefir. If dairy is still out [by results of sensitivity test or
negative reaction when introducing it], then into every cup of meat
stock or soup add juice from your homemade sauerkraut,
fermented vegetables or vegetable medley (please look in the
recipe section of the book). Make sure that the food is not too hot
when adding the probiotic foods, as the heat would destroy the
beneficial probiotic bacteria.
Ginger tea with a little honey between meals.

To make ginger tea, grate some fresh ginger root (about a
teaspoonful) into your teapot and pour some boiling water over it,
cover and leave for 3-5 minutes. Pour through a small sieve and
add honey to taste (optional).
STAGE 2
Continue with Stage 1.

Keep giving your patient the soups with bone marrow, boiled
meats or fish and other soft tissues off the bones. He or she
should keep drinking the meat stock and ginger tea. Keep adding
some probiotic food into every cup of meat stock and every bowl of
soup: juices from sauerkraut, fermented vegetables or vegetable
medley, or homemade kefir/yogurt.
Add raw organic egg yolks.

It is best to have egg yolks raw added to every bowl of soup and
every cup of meat stock. Start from 1 egg yolk a day and gradually
increase until your patient has an egg yolk with every bowl of
soup. When egg yolks are well tolerated add soft-boiled eggs to
the soups (the whites cooked and the yolks still runny). If you have
any concerns about egg allergy, do the sensitivity test first. There
is no need to limit number of egg yolks per day, as they absorb
quickly almost without needing any digestion and will provide your
patient with wonderful and most needed nutrition. Get your eggs
from a source you trust: fresh, free range and organic.
Add stews and casseroles made with meats and

vegetables.
Avoid spices at this stage; just make the stew with salt and fresh
herbs (look for a recipe of Italian Casserole in the recipe section of
the book). The fat content of these meals must be quite high: the
more fresh animal fats your patient consumes, the quicker he or
she will recover. Add some probiotic food into every serving.
Increase daily amount of homemade yogurt and kefir,

if introduced. Increase the amount of juice from
sauerkraut, fermented vegetables or vegetable
medley.
Introduce fermented fish, starting from one piece a

day and gradually increasing. Look for recipes in recipe
section.
Introduce homemade ghee, starting from 1 teaspoon

a day and gradually increasing. Look for recipe in recipe
section.
STAGE 3
Carry on with all the previous foods.
Add ripe avocado mashed into soups, starting from 1-

3 teaspoons and gradually increasing the amount.
Add pancakes, starting from one pancake a day and

gradually increasing the amount.
Make these pancakes with three ingredients: 1) organic nut butter
(almond, walnut, peanut, etc); 2) eggs; 3) a piece of fresh winter
squash, marrow or courgette (peeled, de-seeded and well blended
in a food processor). Fry small thin pancakes using ghee, goose
fat or duck fat. Make sure not to burn them.
Egg scrambled with plenty of ghee, goose fat or duck

fat.
Serve it with avocado (if well tolerated) and cooked vegetables.
Cooked onion is particularly good for the digestive system and the
immune system: melt 3 tablespoons of duck fat or ghee in the pan,
add sliced large white onion, cover and cook for 20-30 minutes on
low heat.
Introduce the sauerkraut and your fermented

vegetables (your patient has been drinking the juices
from them for a while now).
Start from a small amount, gradually increasing to 1-2 tablespoons
of sauerkraut or fermented vegetables per every meal.
STAGE 4
Carry on with all previous foods.
Gradually add meats cooked by roasting and grilling

(but not barbecued or fried yet).
Avoid bits, which are burned or too brown. Let your patient eat the
meat with cooked vegetables and sauerkraut (or other fermented
vegetables).
Start adding cold pressed olive oil to the meals,

starting from a few drops per meal and gradually
increasing the amount to 1-2 tablespoons per meal.
Introduce freshly pressed juices, starting from a few

spoonfuls of carrot juice.
Make sure that the juice is clear, filter it well. Let your patient drink
it slowly or diluted with warm water or mixed with some
homemade yogurt. If well tolerated gradually increase to a full cua
a day. When a full cup of carrot juice is well tolerated try to add to
it juice from celery, lettuce and fresh mint leaves. Your patient
should drink the juice on an empty stomach, so first thing in the
morning and middle of afternoon are good times.
Try to bake bread with ground almonds or any other

nut and seeds ground into flour.
The recipe (please look in recipe section of the book) requires only
four ingredients: 1) nut flour; 2) eggs; 3) piece of fresh winter
squash, marrow or courgette (peeled, de-seeded and finely
sliced); 4) some natural fat (ghee, butter, goose or duck fat) and
some salt to taste. Your patient should start from a small piece of
bread per day and gradually increase the amount.
STAGE 5
If all the previous foods are well tolerated try to add

cooked apple as an apple pure.
Peel and core ripe cooking apples and stew them with a bit of
water until soft. When cooked add some shee to it and mash with
a potato masher. If ghee has not bee introduced yet add duck or
goose fat. Start from a few spoonfuls a day. Watch for any
reaction. If there is none gradually increase the amount.
Add raw vegetables starting from softer parts of

lettuce and peeled cucumber.
Watch your patient's stool. Again start from a small amount and
gradually increase if well tolerated. After those two vegetables are
well tolerated gradually add other raw vegetables: carrot, tomato,
onion, cabbage, etc.
If the juice made from carrot, celery, lettuce and mint

is well tolerated, start adding fruit to it: apple,
pineapple and mango. Avoid citrus fruit at this stage.
STAGE 6
If all the introduced foods are well tolerated try some

peeled raw apple. Gradually introduce raw fruit and
more honey.
Gradually introduce baking cakes and other sweet

things allowed on the diet. Use dried fruit as a
sweetener in the baking.
As I mentioned before, your patient may be able to move through
the Introduction Diet faster or slower depending on the stool
changes: let the diarrhea start clearing before moving to the next
stage. You may have to introduce some foods later than in the
program depending on his/her sensitivities. Make sure that you
carry on with the soups and meat stock after your patient has
completed the Introduction Diet at least once a day.
After the Introduction Diet is completed and when your patient has
more or less normal stools move into the Full GAPS Diet.
THE FULL GAPS DIET
A Typical Menu:
Start the day with a glass of still mineral water or

filtered water with a slice of lemon. It can be warm or
cold to personal preference.
If you have a juicer your patient can start the day

with a glass of freshly pressed fruit/vegetable juice
diluted with water.
A good juice to start the day is 40% apple + 50% carrot + 10%
beetroot (all raw of course). You can make all sorts of juice mixes,
but generally try to have 50% of therapeutic ingredients: carrot,
small amount of beetroot (no more than 5-10% of juice mixture),
celery, cabbage, lettuce, greens (spinach, parsley, dill, basil, fresh
nettle leaves, beet tops, carrot tops), white and red cabbage, and
50% of some tasty ingredients to disguise the taste of therapeutic
ingredients: pineapple, apple, orange, grapefruit, grapes, mango,
etc. Your patient can have these juices as they are, with some
yogurt or diluted with water.
Every day our bodies go through a 24 hour cycle of activity and

rest, feeding and cleaning up (detoxifying). From about 4 am til
about 10 am the body is in the cleaning up or detoxification mode.
Drinking water and freshly pressed juices will assist in this
process. Loading the body with food at that time interferes with
the detoxification. That is why many of us do not feel hungry first
thing in the morning. It is better to have breakfast around 10 am
when your body has completed the detox stage and is ready for
feeding. At that stage we usually start feeling hungry. Children
may be ready for their breakfast earlier than adults.
BREAKFAST CHOICES
A variation of English breakfast: eggs cooked to personal liking

and served with sausages and vegetables, some cooked, some
fresh as a salad (tomato, cucumber, onions, celery, and fresh
salad greens, etc.) and/or avocado and/or meat. The yolks are
best uncooked that the whites cooked. Use plenty of cold pressed
olive oil as a dressing on the salad and eggs. Mix a tablespoon of
pre-soaked or sprouted sunflower and/or sesame and/or pumpkin
seeds with the salad. Sausages (full fat) should be made of pure
minced meat with only salt and pepper added. Make sure that
there are no commercial seasonings or MSG (Monosodium
Glutamate) in the sausages. I recommend finding a local butcher,
who would make pure meat sausages for you on order
Avocado with meat, fish or shellfish, vegetables raw and cooked,

lemon and cold pressed olive oil. Serve a cup of warm meat stock
as a drink with food.
Pancakes made with ground nuts. These pancakes are delicious

with some butter with honey, or as a savory snack. If you blend
some fresh or defrosted berries with honey, it will make a delicious
jam to have with pancakes. Weak tea with lemon, ginger tea or
mint tea.
Any of the home baked goods: muffins, fruit cake and bread.
LUNCH CHOICES
Homemade vegetable soup or stew in a homemade meat stock.
Avocado with meat, fish, shellfish and raw and/or cooked

vegetables. Use olive oil with some lemon squeezed over it as a
dressing. Serve a cup of warm homemade meat stock as a drink.
Any meat/fish dish with vegetables.
DINNER CHOICES
One of the dishes from the lunch or breakfast choices.
There are many recipes found in the book. You can also take old
recipes and give them your own GAPS diet update.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet The Diet

THE FULL GAPS DIET
Getting Started
For many GAPS patients, the diet should be followed for two years
Bio-Kult Probiotic at least. The book Gut & Psychology Syndrome will provide recipes
and more explanation about the diet.
Dairy
The best foods are eggs (if tolerated), fresh meats (not preserved),
Stools fish, shellfish, fresh vegetables and fruit, nuts and seeds, garlic and
olive oil. Apart from eating vegetables cooked, it is important to
FAQs
have some raw vegetables with meals, as they contain vital enzymes
to assist digestion of the meats. Fruit should be eaten on their own,
not with meals, as they have a very different digestion pattern and
Pregnancy and Baby
can make the work harder for the stomach. Fruit should be given as
a snack between meals.
Resources
It is very important to have plenty of natural fats in every meal from
GAPS Cookbook meats, butter, ghee, coconut (if tolerated) and cold pressed olive oil.
Animal fats on meats are particularly valuable. Fermented foods
Support (sauerkraut, yogurt, and kefir) are also a very important part of this
diet in addition to homemade meat or fish stock. It is recommended
to take a cup of warm meat or fish stock with every meal as a drink
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as well as soups and stews made with the meat or fish stock. The
stock, kefir and fermented vegetables will over time restore the
Testimonials stomach acid production, which will improve digestion.
Physicians It is best to avoid processed foods (any packet or tinned foods).

They are stripped from most nutrients that were present in the fresh
Wholesale ingredients used for making these foods. They are a hard work for
the digestive system and they damage the healthy gut flora balance.
On top of that they usually contain a lot of artificial chemicals,
Gaps Guide Blog
detrimental to health, like preservatives, colorants, etc. Try to buy
foods in the form that nature made them, as fresh as possible.
RECOMMENDED FOODS
Almonds, including almond butter and oil

Apples
Apricots, fresh or dried
Artichoke, French
Asiago cheese
Asparagus
Aubergine (eggplant)
Avocados, including avocado oil
Bananas (ripe only with brown spots on the skin)
Beans, dried white (navy), string beans and lima
beans properly prepared
Beef, fresh or frozen
Beets or beetroot
Berries, all kinds
Black, white and red pepper: ground and pepper
corns
Black radish
Blue cheese
Bok Choy
Brazil nuts
Brick cheese
Brie cheese
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
Butter
Cabbage
Camembert cheese
Canned fish in oil or water only
Capers
Carrots
Cashew nuts, fresh only
Cauliflower
Cayenne pepper
Celeriac
Celery
Cellulose in supplements
Cheddar cheese
Cherimoya (custard apple or sharifa)
Cherries
Chicken, fresh or frozen
Cinnamon
Citric acid
Coconut, fresh or dried (shredded) without any
additives
Coconut milk
Coconut oil
Coffee, weak and freshly made, not instant
Collard greens
Colby cheese
Courgette (zucchini)
Coriander, fresh or dried
Cucumber
Dates, fresh or dried without any additives (not
soaked in syrup)
Dill, fresh or dried
Duck, fresh or frozen
Edam cheese
Eggplant (aubergine)
Eggs, fresh
Filberts
Fish, fresh or frozen, canned in its juice or oil
Game, fresh or frozen
Garlic
Ghee, homemade (many store varieties contain non-allowed ingredients)
Gin, occasionally
Ginger root, fresh
Goose, fresh or frozen
Gorgonzola cheese
Gouda cheese
Grapefruit
Grapes
Haricot beans, properly prepared
Havarti cheese
Hazelnuts
Herbal teas
Herbs, fresh or dried without additives
Honey, natural
Juices freshly pressed from permitted fruit and
vegetables
Kale
Kiwi fruit
Kumquats
Lamb, fresh or frozen
Lemons
Lentils
Lettuce, all kinds
Lima beans (dried and fresh)
Limburger cheese
Limes
Mangoes
Meats, fresh or frozen
Melons
Monterey (Jack) cheese
Muenster cheese
Mushrooms
Mustard seeds, pure powder and gourmet types
without any non-allowed ingredients
Nectarines
Nut flour or ground nuts (usually ground blanched
almonds)
Nutmeg
Nuts, all kinds freshly shelled, not roasted, salted or
coated (any roasting must be done at home)
Olive oil, virgin cold-pressed
Olives preserved without sugar or any other non-
allowed ingredients
Onions
Oranges
Papayas
Parmesan cheese
Parsley
Peaches
Peanut butter, without additives
Peanuts, fresh or roasted in their shells
Pears
Peas, dried split and fresh green
Pecans
Peppers (green, yellow, red, and orange)
Pheasant, fresh or frozen
Pickles, without sugar or any other non-allowed
ingredients
Pigeon, fresh or frozen
Pineapples, fresh
Pork, fresh or frozen
Port du Salut cheese
Poultry, fresh or frozen
Prunes, dried without any additives or in their own
juice
Pumpkin
Quail, fresh or frozen
Raisins
Rhubarb
Roquefort cheese
Romano cheese
Satsumas
Scotch, occasionally
Seaweed fresh and dried, once the Introduction Diet has been completed
Shellfish, fresh or frozen
Spices, single and pure without any additives
Spinach
Squash (summer and winter)
Stilton cheese
String beans
Swedes
Swiss cheese
Tangerines
Tea, weak, freshly made, not instant
Tomato puree, pure without any additives apart
from salt
Tomato juice, without any additives apart from salt
Tomatoes
Turkey, fresh or frozen
Turnips
Ugly fruit
Uncreamed cottage cheese (dry curd)
Vinegar (cider or white); make sure there is no
allergy
Vodka, very occasionally
Walnuts
Watercress
White navy beans, properly prepared
Wine dry: red or white
Yogurt, homemade
Zucchini (courgette)
FOODS TO AVOID
Acesulphame
Acidophilus milk
Agar-agar
Agave syrup - main carbohydrate is a complex form of fructose
Algae - can aggravate an already disturbed immune
system
Aloe Vera - please go to "FAQs" for additional information on when
it can be introduced
Amaranth - is a grain substitute, contains starches
Apple juice - usually has sugar added during
processing
Arrowroot - is a mucilaginous herb and loaded with
starch
Aspartame
Astragalus - contains polysaccharides
Baked beans
Baker's yeast - contains saccharamyces cerevisae
Baking powder and raising agents of all kind - baking soda can be used
for specific medical issues, please view the "FAQs" section
Balsamic vinegar - most found in stores have added
sugar
Barley
Bean flour and sprouts
Bee pollen - irritating to a damaged gut
Beer
Bhindi or okra
Bicarbonate of soda
Bitter Gourd
Black-eye beans
Bologna
Bouillon cubes or granules
Brandy
Buckwheat
Bulgur
Burdock root - contains FOS and mucilage
Butter beans
Buttermilk
Canellini beans
Canned vegetables and fruit
Carob
Carrageenan - is seaweed and high in
polysaccharides
Cellulose gum
Cereals, including all breakfast cereals
Cheeses, processed and cheese spreads
Chestnuts and chestnut flour
Chevre cheese
Chewing gum - contain sugars or sugar substitutes
Chick peas
Chickory root - contains high amounts of FOS
Chocolate
Cocoa powder - please see "FAQs" for more information
Coffee, instant and coffee substitutes
Cooking oils
Cordials
Corn
Cornstarch
Corn syrup
Cottage cheese
Cottonseed
Cous-cous
Cream - contains lactose
Cream of Tartar
Cream cheese
Dextrose - in commercial products it is not the pure
form
Drinks, soft
Faba beans
Feta cheese
Fish, preserved, smoked, salted, breaded and canned
with sauces
Flour, made out of grains
FOS (fructooligosaccharides)
Fructose - extracted from corn and has a mixture of
other trisaccharides
Fruit, canned or preserved
Garbanzo beans
Gjetost cheese
Grains, all
Gruyere cheese
Ham
Hot dogs
Ice-cream, commercial
Jams
Jellies
Jerusalem artichoke
Ketchup, commercially available
Lactose
Liqueurs
Margarines and butter replacements
Meats, processed, preserved, smoked and salted
Millet
Milk from any animal, soy, rice, canned coconut milk
Milk, dried
Molasses
Mozzarella cheese
Mungbeans
Neufchatel cheese
Nutra-sweet (aspartame)
Nuts, salted, roasted and coated
Oats
Okra - mucilaginous food
Parsnips
Pasta, of any kind
Pectin
Postum
Potato white
Potato sweet
Primost cheese
Quinoa - 60% starch
Rice
Ricotta cheese
Rye
Saccharin
Sago
Sausages, commercially available
Semolina
Sherry
Soda soft drinks
Sour cream, commercial
Soy
Spelt
Starch
Sugar or sucrose of any kind
Tapioca - starch
Tea, instant
Triticale
Turkey loaf
Vegetables, canned or preserved
Wheat
Wheat germ
Whey, powder or liquid
Yams
Yogurt, commercial
While this diet is very close to the SCD, there are a few changes. One
important difference is that the GAPS diet removes casein in addition to
lactose in the beginning stages of the diet.
Baking soda is also not recommended for use in cooking. Please read

the chapter "Digestive Enzymes" in the Gut and Psychology Syndrome
book for additional information on baking soda.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet Getting Started

Starting a new diet can seem very overwhelming. When you
Getting Started
have digestive issues it is even worse. Here we provide some
Bio-Kult Probiotic
recommendations on getting started.
Dairy
Essential Beginning Supplies
Stools
Gut and Psychology Syndrome by Dr. Natasha Campbell-
FAQs
McBride
Therapeutic strength probiotic (Bio-kult is recommended)
Pregnancy and Baby
Organic meats and vegetables including meat bones for
stock
Resources Safer household and personal care products
Cooking supplies for making meat stocks and fermented
GAPS Cookbook vegetables
Support (If finances are an issue, finish the products you have and
replace them with more natural products. There are also some
Contact Us very inexpensive natural solutions you can find for household
cleaners using vinegar, baking soda, and lemon. Search online
Testimonials for some fast and easy recipes that are just as effective and cost
only pennies.)
Physicians
Helpful (Non-essential) Beginning Supplies
Wholesale
Food processor
Gaps Guide Blog Juicer
Grinder (for making nut flours and nut butters)
Freezer containers
WHERE TO BEGIN
Read Gut and Psychology Syndrome by Dr. Natasha

Campbell-McBride. It is very important to fully understand
the GAPS Diet before you start. Starting the diet incorrectly
may lead to unnecessary diarrhea, constipation, severe die-off
symptoms, and hunger pains.
Be Patient! Please remember that this is going to be a slow

process. You should not do the GAPS Diet unless you are
willing to fully commit to doing it properly and are willing to
stick it out for 2 years if necessary. While some people notice
immediate improvements, all progress will be very individual.
Start Slow. Depending on your current diet and digestive

health, transitioning to the GAPS Diet may be a dramatic
change. The Introduction Diet will be a necessary first step for
those with serious digestive problems and food intolerances.
Be Prepared. It may be beneficial to do a few trial runs before

going into the Full GAPS Diet or Introduction Diet. Try
making sauerkraut or fermented vegetables and meat or fish
stocks. Once you have a good handle on these recipes, all other
GAPS foods should seem relatively easy.
Once you are ready to start, we recommend starting with the

Introduction Diet to allow your body to adjust to the
changes gradually. If you do not have serious digestive
problems or food intolerances, you should be able to move
through the Introduction Diet in a matter of days.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet Bio-Kult Probiotic
Bio-Kult is a unique probiotic with a high concentration of

Getting Started
14 strains of beneficial bacteria. Bio-Kult is the
Bio-Kult Probiotic recommended probiotic for those following the Gut and
Psychology Syndrome Diet and was formulated by a
Dairy team of doctors including Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride.
Stools
View the Bio-Kult Brochure here.
FAQs View the Bio-Kult Label here.
Pregnancy and Baby It is recommended to build your dose of probiotic slowly.

Start with a very small amout (example 1/4 capsule for 3-
Resources
5 days) and see how your body responds.
GAPS Cookbook
Observe the patient for any "die-off" symptoms (including,
Support but not limited to fatigue, nausea, bloating, diarrhea,
constipation, low grade fever, headache, and flu like
Contact Us symptoms). If there are none then, increase the dose
slowly. When you see a reaction, let your patient settle on
Testimonials
this dose until the "die-off" symptoms disappear. Then
Physicians
increase the dose again and let the patient settle on it.
Keep increasing the dose until a therapeutic level is
Wholesale reached (p. 171 in GAPS book for therapeutic dosage
based on age). This period of building up the dose can
Gaps Guide Blog take from a few weeks to a few months in different
patients.
Once the patient has reached the therapeutic dose level it

should be maintained for approximately six months on
average. It takes at least this length of time to remove the
pathogenic flora and start re-establishing normal gut flora.
Adhering to the diet is absolutely essential in this period.
If you continue the feeding of your pathogens in the gut
with sugar and processed carbohydrates then the probiotic
will not have much chance of helping you.
Order Bio-Kult here.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet Dairy
Introducing dairy seems to be one of the more confusing

Getting Started
areas in the GAPS diet. The Gut and Psychology
Bio-Kult Probiotic Syndorme book recommends introducing dairy very slow
on pg. 95, but the Introduction Diet recommends
Dairy homemade yogurt from the beginning. This is because
some GAPS people are able to tolerate well-fermented
Stools
homemade whey and yogurt from the beginning. This is
FAQs
not true for everyone so it is important to do a sensitivity
test before introducing any dairy product.
Pregnancy and Baby
For all GAPS patients with serious digestive disorders and
Resources food intolerances, it is highly recommended to start with
the Introduction Diet. If you have decided to go right into
GAPS Cookbook
the Full GAPS Diet, please find below basic dairy
Support
introduction steps. You should expect a minimum of 18
months for all dairy to be successfully introduced.
Contact Us
When introducing dairy, it is recommended to first perform

Testimonials a sensitivity test as outlined in the Introduction Diet. All
dairy products should be gradually introduced starting with
Physicians
1 tsp for a few days and slowly increasing. If any
Wholesale
negative response is observed, the patient is not ready for
that particular dairy product and it should be avoided until
Gaps Guide Blog additional healing has taken place.
Please remember, these recommendations are for those

who plan to skip the Introduction Diet.
INTRODUCING DAIRY
Avoid all dairy products for a minimum of 4

weeks.
Step 1 - Introduce organic unsalted ghee (recipe

available in Gut and Psychology Syndrome)
Step 2 - Introduce organic unsalted butter
Step 3 - Introduce homemade kefir, yogurt and

fermented cream
Step 4 - Introduce homemade cheese
Step 5 - Introduce mature traditional cheese
Step 6 - Introduce double cream and clotted cream
Avoid all milk and milk substitutes.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet Stools

The Bristol Stool Form Scale
Getting Started
The Bristol Stool Scale or Bristol Stool Chart is a medical aid

Bio-Kult Probiotic designed to classify the form of human feces into seven groups. It
was developed by Heaton and Lewis at the University of Bristol and
Dairy was first published in the Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
in 1997. The form of the stool depends on the time it spends in the
Stools
colon.
FAQs
Pregnancy and Baby
Resources
GAPS Cookbook
Support
Contact Us
Testimonials
Physicians
Wholesale
Gaps Guide Blog

Type 1 has spent the longest time in the colon and type 7 has spent
the least. Stools at the lumpy end of the scale are hard to pass and
often require a lot of straining. Stools at the loose or liquid end of
the spectrum can be too easy to pass - the need to pass them is
urgent and accidents can happen. The ideal stools are types 3 and 4,
especially type 4, as they are most likely to glide out without any
fuss.
What type of stools are best?
The feeling you need to go is definite but not irresistible

Once you sit down on the toilet there is no delay
No conscious effort or straining is needed
The stool glides out smoothly and comfortably
Afterwards there is only a pleasant feeling of relief
All this is most likely if the stool is Bristol Stool Form Scale, type
4
*When it comes to defining the "ideal" stool, there is some debate. For another
interpretation, please view Fiber Menace.
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THE GAPS DIET
GAPS Outline
Introduction Diet
Full GAPS Diet FAQs

Please find below GAPS questions that are not addressed in the GAPS
Getting Started
book. Each month new questions are answered by Dr. Natasha
Campbell-McBride and posted below. Questions may be submitted to
Bio-Kult Probiotic ask@GAPSdiet.com. Only general GAPS questions, not specific to
individual medical concerns/conditions will be considered. Please do not
Dairy ask any question where the answer is addressed in the GAPS book.
Stools
MOST RECENTLY ADDED FAQS (May 2011)
FAQs
New Article by Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
Pregnancy and Baby "One Man's Meat is Another Man's Poison!"
Resources
How do we best make the transition from enemas (used every night for
months) to unassisted daily relief?
GAPS Cookbook
I recommend leaving it without an enema for 2-4 days: your bowel
Support should start producing stools. In the meantime start your day with a
freshly pressed juice of oranges or grapefruit. Eat cooked beetroot
Contact Us regularly. Avoid sweet vegetables, such as winter squashes for a few
weeks. Take HCl&Pepsin 1-2 capsules at the beginning of your
meals. Try to take supplements of spirulina, blue-green algae,
Testimonials
chlorella or dunaliella; many patients find them very useful in
resolving constipation. Please, see other questions on constipation,
Physicians
which will help you with dietary changes. If there is no stool after
four days of waiting, do an enema with 1 teaspoon of bicarbonate of
Wholesale soda + 1 teaspoon of sea salt per litre of water: do just 1 litre to
empty the lower parts of the bowel without getting higher. It will
Gaps Guide Blog take time for your bowel to start functioning normally again after
long-term enemas, so be patient and give yourself plenty of time for
opening your bowel. It helps to distract your mind from opening our
bowel while on the toilet, so read a book or occupy your mind with
something else. Leave it to your bowel to do the job, it knows what it
is doing and your mind can actually interfere with the process.
Are shirataki noodles (from konjac root) ok on GAPS and if so, what
stage would they be allowed on?
I have no experience with shirataki. They contain complex
carbohydrates, so I would not try them until your digestive
symptoms are gone. When you tried them once and there are no
reactions, then perhaps you can introduce them.
I understand that GAPS patients have a lot of food
sensitivities/allergies and some of them are identified during the Intro
diet and eventually resolved as the gut lining heals. What about the
patients that have so called environmental allergies, i.e. reactions to
pollen, dust mites, etc? Should they expect their issues to be resolved
only after their gut completely heals?
GAPS Nutritional Protocol re-balances immunity, so its major arms
(Th1 and Th2) get back into balance. It is an imbalance between
these parts of the immune system that lead to allergies. I see allergies
to dust mites, pollen, animals and other environmental influences
disappear in my patients all the time. But if a patient goes back to
eating junk food and sugar, these allergies can come back.
What do you suggest for people who have high amounts of klebsiella
and clostridium bacteria in their body? Cut out all foods containing
FOS?
These microbes are best fought with probiotics. Usually the diet and
good quality therapeutic probiotics take them under control. If after
six months on the GAPS programme they still cause trouble, then a
course of appropriate antibiotic can be administered. Make sure to
continue with the GAPS diet and high doses of probiotics through
the antibiotic treatment and afterwards.
What do you recommend for bacterial vaginosis that came back after
an antibiotic cream given to me by my obstetrician / gynaecologist?
You need to restore your normal vaginal flora. To do that insert 1-2
capsules of a good quality probiotic into your vagina at bedtime for
a few nights; and apply homemade kefir all over your groin area
daily after a shower or a bath.
I have read that people are healing on a zero carb diet (meat, fat,
eggs). Some even claim they saw no healing on GAPS but are healing
on a zero carb diet. What is your thought on this type of diet,
particularly how it relates to gut flora?
I do prescribe a no-plant diet for some patients, where they do the
Introduction diet without any vegetables or fruit at all for a few
weeks. It helps children with hyperactivity and diarrhoea, and
people with severe digestive problems with diarrhoea and blood
sugar problems. Everybody is different and it is important to fine
tune the GAPS diet for your individual situation.
In addition to juicing, elderberry and plants (all mentioned in the
book), are there other detoxing methods recommended for GAPS
patients? If one wanted to undergo an intense detox, is there a
recommended procedure? Do you recommend using detox protocols in
addition to juicing to remove problem heavy metals?
I do not recommend any other detox procedures for the first two
years of the programme, as the GAPS Nutritional Protocol will
restore your own detoxification system in the body, so it starts
functioning again and removing toxins naturally. However, in some
cases the toxic load can be too high and still producing symptoms
after two years; in these cases I recommend natural chelating
substances such as HumetR and HMD™ (Heavy Metal Detox).
Seaweed and probiotics are also strong chelators of toxins.
Many people find fasting very helpful. Fasting is best done in a
dedicated clinic under supervision, and people who do best with it
are those who are fairly well nourished (not underweight). There are
many other powerful detox protocols available around the world
and it is best to do them in dedicated clinics. I know quite a few
people who have attempted various protocols with different results,
ranging from none to spectacular. The outcome depends very much
on your own detoxification system in the body working well, and
that is what GAPS programme can do for you – it will restore your
detox system.
Do you recommend the removal of silver fillings if there is a high level
of mercury or other heavy metals?
Absolutely! However, it is very important to work with a holistic
dentist, as conventional dentists are not trained in safe removal of
amalgam fillings. Metals in the mouth create electric currents and
different fillings acquire a positive or a negative charge. These
electric charges need to be measured and fillings need to be removed
in a certain order, starting from the largest negatively charged one.
After the first one is removed, the currents in the mouth need to be
measured again, as the charges will change. Please, read an excellent
book by Dr. Hal A Huggins It’s all in your head; it will explain to you
all the important considerations in safe removal of amalgam fillings.
What is your opinion on using Dr Brownstein’s iodine protocol to
detox fluoride, chlorine and bromides?
I have no experience with this protocol and cannot comment.
I recommend iodine paint as a form of testing and supplementing
iodine in the initial stages of the GAPS Programme (please see other
questions under THYROID). Later on, when seaweed is introduced it
will supply iodine in a natural form. In order to use iodine properly
the body needs many other nutrients, such as vitamins A, D, K, B
group and other. The GAPS diet will remove nutritional deficiencies
naturally through food, so iodine can be used by the body efficiently.
At the same time under GAPS Nutritional Protocol the
detoxification system in the body starts working again, so toxins
such as fluoride, chlorine and bromides can be removed naturally
and safely by your own body (without you having to figure out all
the immense chemical complexities of how to do it).
After doing the diet for a year and seeing a lot of healing, just before
my last menstrual cycle I got very severe fatigue, brain fog, radiating
pain, stiff neck and headache. I never had these symptoms before and I
am at a loss as to what could have caused it. Any suggestions on
managing this new symptom?
It is possible that you got a viral infection. Try to take L-lysine 3-4
grams per day as a supplement and remove citrus fruit, nuts and
greens from the diet for a while; try to go back to rich soups and
stews with sour cream and kefir. Another thing to do is to find a
good homeopath and see if that can help.
Does the GAPS diet heal fructose malabsorption, or would the GAPS
diet need to be modified?
This condition is part of GAP Syndrome as well as lactose
intolerance and most-sugars-intolerance. Why? Because in people
with abnormal gut flora enterocytes (the cells which line the gut) are
damaged and unable to fulfil their main function: digestion of
sugars. The fructose malabsorption became prominent since high-
fructose corn syrup came on the market: this is a processed
sweetener which is extremely harmful to health. But as it is cheep to
produce and very profitable for the manufacturers many processed
foods and drinks are sweetened with it nowadays. GAPS diet
removes double sugars and there is no need to modify it. If you have
been specifically diagnosed with fructose malabsorption, you may
want to avoid fruit and honey initially. As you go through the GAPS
Introduction Diet, your enterocytes will start recovering and you will
be able to re-introduce honey and fruit.
I know that you warn against taking calcium as it can cause the
depletion of other minerals in the body as it chelates. What can
someone do to make sure they get enough calcium when they cannot
tolerate any of the calcium rich foods like leafy greens, nuts or
fermented dairy?
Please look at other questions under SUPPLEMENTS. There is no
need to worry about calcium, it is present in most foods and meat
can be a very good source of calcium in a good balance with
magnesium. Bone broth and vegetables will add more.
My son’s fingernails have quit growing since we started GAPS over a
year ago. I cannot remember the last time I cut them. Is this cause for
concern?
No! I would not worry about it as long as your son is generally
healthy and doing well. It is possible that his body is using nutrients
for more important functions at the moment rather than building
nails. As he gets well nourished and the body has plenty of nutrients
to spare, his nails should start growing again.
Are homeopathic meds allowed on GAPS?
Homeopathy combines with GAPS very well and I recommend it.
Homeopathic remedies can help you to get through die-off easier
and to overcome many stubborn problems.
Is plain carbonated water (seltzer) allowed on GAPS?
Yes!
What is the typical time frame for giving HCl&Pepsin? I have given it
to my two young sons and it seemed to help, but it would be difficult
for my youngest to express whether or not it is causing stomach
distress. What would be the minimum amount of time I should try
using it with them? How will I know when it is OK to stop?
Long-term consumption of HCl&Pepsin can cause stomach
irritation. Generally for children I recommend to use cabbage as a
stomach acidity stimulator: give them cabbage juice, fresh cabbage
salad or a small helping of sauerkraut 5-10 minutes before the meal,
and their stomachs will be ready and full of acid. If this measure is
not enough, then use a little of HCl&Pepsin with large meals only.
What is there difference between algae and seaweed that seaweeds are
allowed and algae are not?
Actually seaweed is a form of algae, strictly speaking. This is a good
point which slipped my attention, thank you for pointing it out. As
nutritional supplements algae are commercially cultivated and can
be sold under names of spirulina, algae, chlorella and dunaliella.
Both seaweed and algae can be introduced when the Introduction
Diet has been completed and there are no more digestive problems.
Keep in mind that supplements of algae can cause diarrhoea and can
be very helpful in resolving constipation.
Chicken bones that have been simmered for 24 hours are very soft and
can be eaten, and it’s easier to eat them than to try to get the marrow
out of them. Is there any harm to a GAPS patient to eating the bones
as well as the marrow if they have been cooked for the 24 hours?
Yes, you can eat soft bones, they will do you a lot of good.
I still don’t understand if the GAPS diet and SCD actually heal celiac,
Crohn’s disease and gluten intolerance or whether they just manage it.
For example, would a person with celiac, who successfully did the
GAPS diet for 2 years, then be able to eat gluten? Or would they be
less sensitive to gluten of they had it in limited quantities? Or would
they need to continue to not eat gluten but have overcome the
symptoms of celiac?
GAPS diet may cure celiac disease and other inflammatory bowel
condition, not only manage them. Of course, everybody is different
and would take different time to heal. When your digestive
symptoms are gone completely and have not been present for six
months at least try to make some homemade sourdough pancakes:
mix white wheat flour with your homemade kefir or whey to a thick
pancake-batter consistency and ferment in a warm place for 2-3
days; then add a few eggs, salt and some melted animal fat to the
mixture and make thin pancakes (crepes). Eat one or two of these
pancakes and then observe your digestive system for 4-5 days: if
nothing has happened then you are ready to have sourdough. To
make sourdough bread mix white wheat flour with salt and your
homemade kefir or whey; kneed the mixture well until it does not
stick to your hands anymore; press the dough into a loaf tin, apply
some fat to the top (so the dough does not dry on the top), and put
into a warm place for 2-3 days for fermenting (it will rise naturally
in that time); bake at 200C (390F) for 20-35 minutes (test if ready
with a dry knife). Initially only have homemade sourdough bread or
pancakes (for a few months). When those are well tolerated, you can
try to eat a small piece of commercial sourdough bread.
My two year old son passes nearly all vegetables, well cooked, blended
or otherwise undigested in his stools. Does this mean that we should be
avoiding vegetables altogether for now? Is this due to a lack of
microbes and something that will improve in time? It seems to me like
it would not be healthy to exclude all vegetables form his diet.
If the stool is normal then don’t worry about it, he will start
digesting vegetables in time. If he has a propensity for diarrhoea
then it may be a good idea to remove all vegetables and just follow
the Introduction Diet without any plant foods at all for a while.
When stools became consistently normal, you can start introducing
vegetables.
Could you please discuss migraines; what causes them? Can they be
prevented? Is there anything that can be done to stop the pain? Is there
a difference between ones that happen randomly and ones that happen
with menstruation or ovulation?
Migraines are vascular headaches which usually happen in one side
of the head. First a spasm happens in the wall of a meningeal artery;
the spasm does not last long (a few minutes) and is followed by a
paralysis of the wall of the artery, which can last for days. The
paralysis leads to swelling and inflammation of tissues around the
artery wall, causing a headache. What cause the spasm in the first
place? Many factors can do that and we do not have all the pieces of
the puzzle yet. In GAPS patients it is toxicity from the gut that plays
a major role. One mechanism is overproduction of histamine in the
gut (which is produced by pathogenic microbes), which drop the
blood pressure too low and initiate the spasm. Around menstruation
and ovulation a rapid change in hormones in the body can initiate a
migraine. In the second half of the menstrual cycle our immunity is
suppressed by progesterone, so any overgrowth of pathogens in the
gut and elsewhere in the body gets more active, producing more
toxins than usual and initiating the migraine. GAPS Nutritional
Protocol over time will help to reduce amounts of toxicity in the
body, re-balance hormones and as a result help with migraines. As
an emergency procedure many people find coffee enemas very
helpful.

Coffee enemas are one of the best ways of cleansing your liver and
speeding up detoxification process in your body. It gives a good pain
relief as well.
To prepare the coffee bring to boil 1 litre of water, add 3 table
spoons of organic ground coffee, boil for 2 min, then reduce the heat
to a minimum, cover with a tight lid and simmer for another 10-15
min. Cool down and strain.
Before doing the coffee enema, it is a good idea to have a good
cleansing enema with warm water (dissolve ½ a teaspoon of sea salt
in the water and ½ a teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda). To clear your
bowel completely let some water into your bowel (about one litre),
empty. Then let more water into the bowel and empty again. Do it 2-
4 times until the water starts coming out looking fairly clean to
indicate that your bowel is empty. After your bowel is empty, slowly
get the coffee into your rectum. Remove the tube and lie down on
your right side or any other comfortable position. Try to keep
yourself comfortable and warm. It is desirable to keep the coffee
inside for 15 min before emptying your bowel. Initially you might
not be able to hold it for that long. Don’t worry about it. With time
and experience you will be able to do it. To hold the coffee longer, I
recommend keeping the pipe in your rectum for a while (after the
coffee has gone in) to allow gases to escape: accumulating gas
stretches the bowel and causes an urge to empty too quickly.
Coffee enemas help in majority of migraine headaches, but not in all
cases. Sometimes painkillers have to be taken as well. But clearing
the bowel helps long term, as it reduces the amount of toxicity
coming into the body.
In an earlier question you said that if a person is stuck in the intro
stage, then perhaps a natural anti-parasitic/anti-bacterial remedy may
be helpful. Could you give a suggestion about how a person could
begin doing this? Are any of these remedies safe for young children?
There are many anti-parasitic natural supplements on the market
which can help: garlic extract, olive leaf extract, oregano oil and
grapefruit seed extract. The first supplement, which I find useful, is
garlic extract. Always start from a small dose and gradually
increasing it. The dose can be increased to quite large amounts:
some adults take 5-10 grams every day, for a child 500mg – 1 gram
with food is usually enough. Once garlic is well tolerated, olive leaf
extract can be added, starting from a small dose and gradually
increasing to 1-2 grams twice a day for adults; for children 500mg
twice a day is usually enough. Once garlic and olive leaf extracts are
well tolerated, oregano oil can be added, starting from a small dose
(1-5 drops) per day and gradually increasing to 30-40 drops for
adults and 5-10 drops for children. The last supplement to add is
grapefruit seed extract, starting from 1-2 drops a day and gradually
increasing to a dose that is tolerated: adults manage to get up to 10
drops 2-3 times per day, for children 4-5 drops may be enough.
There are many brands of these supplements on the market, try to
find good quality.
Some herbal preparations include MSM (Methyl Sulphonyl
Methane), which is a good source of sulphur, essential for
detoxification and controlling parasites in the body. If the herbal
preparation does not include MSM, you may want to add it to the
mix. Start from a low dose and gradually increase to the level of 1-2
grams per day for children and 4-5 grams per day for adults.
******************************************************
ADRENALS

What recommendations are there for GAPS patients for boosting their
adrenals?

Adrenals love fat and cholesterol. So, as far as the diet is concerned,
eat lots of animal fats with every meal and cholesterol-rich foods,
such as egg yolks, sour cream, butter and fatty fish. Another
essential for the adrenals is sleep! Sleep is really not optional, so
organise your life in such a way that you can have a nap every
afternoon and a good long sleep at night. Another essential is to
lower your stress, which is easier done than you may think. Stress is
not the event itself; it is your attitude to this event. Research shows,
that people react to stress very differently depending on their
attitude to life. The one, who generally has a negative personality
and tends to worry a lot, has all the stress hormones and destructive
chemicals racing around their bodies. But the person, who has a
philosophical and positive attitude to life, will have much less stress
chemicals in their blood and will cope much better. It is the first
type of people that “burn” their adrenals out. There are excellent
books on this subject: you can start from Dale Carnegie’s book
“How to stop worrying and start living”, for example.

AUTOIMMUNE

I have heard rumours that a book for autoimmune conditions will be
coming out. Will the recommendations differ greatly from those in the
GAPS book? What should I do now while I am waiting for the new
book?

Yes, I am working on the new book, called GUT AND PHYSIOLOGY
SYNDROME, which will cover autoimmunity amongst other
conditions. You do not have to wait for that book, as the treatment
for those conditions will essentially be the same: the existing GAPS
Nutritional Protocol.

Would the GAPS diet do anything to help heal someone with
Parkinson’s disease?

I have no experience in treating Parkinson’s disease with GAPS
Nutritional Protocol. However, there are many indications to show
that Parkinson’s disease is autoimmune in its origin. GAPS
Nutritional Protocol heals the gut and re-balances immunity; so it
should lay the foundation for recovery. I would try it.

BACTERIA

I have been reading conflicting information regarding bacteria and
where they reside. Some sources say the small intestine should be
sterile and have not bacteria in it and that both lactobacillus and
bifidobacterium live in the large intestine only. Other sources indicate
that bifidobacteria live in the large intestine while lactobacillus reside
only in the small intestine. What is your thoughts on this?

The whole digestive system is populated, from your mouth to the
end; there are no sterile areas in the digestive tract. Bifidobacteria
are strict anaerobes; the best conditions for them exist in the large
bowel, that is why they are very numerous there. Lactobacilli can
use oxygen and also can live in anaerobic conditions, so they are
present everywhere, including the small intestine.
Why does it take so long to change the bacterial profile in the gut?

It can be quick to get ill, while healing always takes time. It can take
a long time to normalise gut flora in a person with gut dysbiosis
because the gut is occupied by thousands of pathogenic species of
microbes. They dig themselves in very well in the gut lining, and to
drive them out is not easy: the probiotic microbes have quite a fight
on their hands. Another problem is that, whether we use fermented
foods or commercial probiotic supplements, the numbers of active
microbes we introduce are very small. There is no way at the
moment (which means we don’t know any way) to flood the gut with
probiotics safely, because we don’t know enough about them. Recent
scientific data shows that there are hundreds of thousands of various
species of microbes in a healthy gut! With our current knowledge we
can only introduce a few at a time – those that we know, such as
lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and few others. There are a few doctors in
the worlds who are trying to copy Nature: they use a procedure
called faecal transplant: a stool from a healthy donor is mixed with
water and introduced into the gut of the patient (through the tube
into the stomach, or into the bowel as an enema). In many patients
this fixes the problem, though it does not work for everybody.
Faecal transplant introduces the whole immensely complex flora of a
healthy gut, without us knowing what species of microbes are there
and what other factors we are introducing. I am sure that many of
you watched films about animals, where a baby elephant would
consume mother’s stool with relish. For us, humans, this looks
repulsive and unacceptable, but obviously these animals know
something we don’t. Faecal transplant does what these baby
elephants do, and maybe this will be the way in the future to restore
the gut flora quickly.

How does GAPS diet deal with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
(SIBO)? Because fermented foods and probiotic can actually feed
SIBO, what is your recommendation on how to address this situation?

Majority of GAPS people have this problem. Just follow the GAPS
programme, it will feed the gut and re-balance immunity and the
nervous system in the gut wall. The body knows how to heal itself,
just give it the tools.

BIOFILMS

How do we know if the pathogens in our gut have created biofilms? If
there are biofilms, do we need to do or take anything to remove those
biofilms in addition to the GAPS protocol and diet or will it get rid of
those biofilms?

Most (if not all) microbes form biofilms. Biofilm is simply a
community of microbes which grow together or a surface and are
imbedded in various substances they produce (proteins,
carbohydrates, etc). Biofilms are not necessarily something bad that
should be “got rid off”, as beneficial flora in the gut forms them too.
We don’t know enough about this subject yet to start taking action,
particularly destructive action. Just work on improving your gut
flora; as the beneficial microbes win, they will deal with the
pathogens in their own way, including removing their biofilms.

CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM

Will my child get enough calcium on the GAPS diet? Do we need to
supplement calcium?
There is plenty of calcium in nuts, particularly almonds, meat broth

and vegetables. When fermented dairy are introduced there will be
even more calcium in the diet. Calcium has to be balanced with
other minerals, particularly with magnesium. Supplemental calcium
usually causes deficiencies in many other minerals, as it chelates
them and does not allow them to be absorbed. That is why I do not
recommend calcium supplements. When you get calcium from
natural foods you get it in combination with many other minerals
and other nutrients, which allow the body to use them all
appropriately.
Calcium works in opposition to magnesium in the body. GAPS

patients are usually deficient in magnesium. Supplementing calcium
will make that deficiency worse with serious consequences.

What causes leg cramps in GAPS patients and what should be done if
this is a common issue?

Magnesium deficiency causes leg cramps. What causes magnesium
deficiency? Many factors: toxins from the gut, mercury, lead, any
other toxic chemical accumulating in the body, nutritional
deficiencies, infections, etc. But the number one cause of widespread
magnesium deficiency in the population is consumption of processed
carbohydrates, sugar in particular. GAPS diet removes processed
carbohydrates and includes foods rich in magnesium. Many people
use supplements of magnesium, which may or may not work, as
there are many factors involved in magnesium metabolism in the
body. Fat soluble vitamins A, D, K and E are one of the most
essential nutrients for the body to be able to absorb and use
magnesium from food or supplements. To supply these vitamins we
need animal fats: fats on meats, butter and sour cream. In order for
magnesium to work it needs other vitamins, minerals and amino
acids, as they all work as a team. So, diet as a whole is the most
effective treatment.

CANDIDA / YEAST

Is there anything you can do to reduce Candida in the mouth (thrush)?

It is important to populate the mouth and throat with beneficial
bacteria. To do this, take a mouthful of yogurt, kefir or 2 opened
Bio-Kult capsules on the tongue after everything you eat. Do the
same thing at bedtime after you have cleaned your teeth and do not
plan on eating or drinking anything else.
Can a patient with candida use fruit-based vitamin C products such as

acerola and amla? Or will it exacerbate the Candida?

Candida will feed on any sugar, including your own gut lining (the
cells there are covered by a sugar layer, called glycocalyx). So, it is a
balancing act: if natural products such as dried acerola and amla
are helping you in other ways, don’t worry about candida and
continue using them. If they are not making much difference, then
don’t use them.

What specific recommendations are there for GAPS patients struggling
with Candida?
It is impossible to completely eliminate Candida. We can only

control it by strengthening the immune system and using some anti-
candida remedies. The GAPS diet builds up the immunity over time
very well. There are many good natural remedies on the market,
such as oregano, olive leaf extract, grapefruit seed extract, garlic and
herbal mixes to bring candida down a bit. It is important to
introduce natural remedies gradually, controlling the die-off
reaction; start with one remedy, then add others one by one. Some
people find relief with mainstream anti-fungal medications. Trouble
is that drugs cannot be taken for long periods of time (apart from
Nystatin), as they are toxic and have side effects. If the drugs work,
they may provide an immediate relief, but when they are stopped,
the problem may come back fairly soon. Natural remedies can be
taken for long periods of time without harm, that is why it is a good
idea to start with natural remedies, continue taking them through
the drug treatment and to follow with the natural remedies when the
drug has been stopped. Another measure is alkalizing: candida
thrives in acid environment and hates alkaline environment. The
most effective and inexpensive remedy is pure bicarbonate of soda,
It is quite effective when used as a topical application on athletes'
foot (put some powder into your socks and shoes), mouth candida
(brush your teeth with bicarbonate of soda instead of toothpaste),
any other fungal skin problems and as baths (add about a cup of
bicarbonate of soda to the bath water). Taking bicarbonate of soda
internally can be effective in reflux, indigestion and other internal
candida problems. For internal use dissolve 1/2 a teaspoon of
aluminum-free bicarbonate of soda in a glass of water and drink on
an EMPTY stomach. It is not recommended th have more than 2-3
glasses of this solution per day, as it may affect the kidney function.
Start with 1/2 a glass first thing in the morning and gradually build
up to 2-3 glasses per day. A more expensive alternative is buying a
good water ionizers (there are a few on the market), which produces
alkaline drinking water. There are health centers and pharmacies
around the world, which purchase these ionizers and sell the alkaline
water in bottles. Introduce alkaline water gradually.

How should S boulardii be dosed when used for candida?

Always start from a small dose and gradually increase it to a
therapeutic level, stay on this level for 3-4 months, then gradually
reduce to none. For an adult the therapeutic dose is usually 4-5
billion live cells per day. For a child use smaller doses depending on
the age of the child: 3-5 years of age the dose is 1 billion live cells
per day, for 6-11 years of age 2 billion per day, for older children 3-
4 billion per day. I would not use S boulardii with children younger
than 3, it is better to use homemade kefir for these children. It is
important to always combine S boulardii with other probiotics, as it
should not be allowed to dominate in the gut. Based on my
experience, I would not use S boulardii permanently, only as a
course. On a long term basis it is better to use kefir, which contains a
group of beneficial yeasts as well as bacteria.

I would like to know how GAPS eradicates systemic yeast versus yeast
overgrowth in the colon.

It is impossible to eradicate yeast from the body, systemic or in the
colon, as yeasts are a natural part of our bodily flora. They fulfil
many useful roles in the body, one of which is dealing with toxins:
the body “employs” yeast as a sponge to absorb heavy metals and
other toxins, so these poisons do less damage. That is why yeast
overgrowth always comes with toxicity. You may attack yeast with
anti-fungal medication, which may work temporarily, but as long as
there are toxins in the body to deal with, yeast will come back.
GAPS programme works on many levels: it removes the main source
of toxicity in the body by improving gut flora and gut function; it re-
balances and nourishes immune system, so it deals with pathogens in
its own unique ways; and it restores normal microbial balance in the
body. And the normal microbial balance includes yeasts - many
varieties of them living side-by-side with bacteria, viruses, protozoa
and other microbes. You have to understand that about 90% of your
body are microbes; you are only 10% - a shell and a habitat for
these microbes. Work with them rather than against them, restore
normal balance amongst them, and they will serve you well.

If one is hypoglycaemic with candida issues, where can carbs be
obtained from? The legal carbs all seem to have too high a GI such as
squash, cooked carrots, etc, fruits will also be tricky and of course
grains and beans are difficult to digest despite some being low GI.
Throw in the possibility of nightshade/sulphur sensitivity as well and it
is seemingly impossible to get any carbs in at all.

Carbohydrates are one macro-nutrient, which is not essential,
strictly speaking. Protein and fats are essential for us to consume,
but not carbs. People with candida do best on high-fat and high-
protein diet, rather than on carbs. Meats contain some carbohydrate
in the form of glycogen, so a piece of meat (with fat on it of course)
will provide you not only with protein and fat, but with some carbs.

CHILDREN

My child got strep throat with high temperature, and my doctor has
prescribed antibiotics. What should we do? Will the antibiotics destroy
all our efforts with GAPS?

There are situations when antibiotics are necessary, and Strep throat
is usually one of those situations. It is important to take streptococci
under control, as they can trigger an autoimmune reaction in the
body leading to damage of heart valves. Just make sure to give your
child plenty of probiotics and immune-boosting foods during the
illness and after it.
Probiotics: open a capsule of a probiotic and pour the powder on
your child’s tongue after every meal and at bedtime. This will help
to populate your child’s throat with beneficial bacteria, so they will
take streptococci under control now and prevent any new infections
in the future.
Food: during the infection feed you child lots of hot chicken stock
and chicken soup with kefir, yoghurt or sour cream added. Do not
give your child anything cold until the throat is much better. So, no
raw fruit or vegetables, no salads, no baking and no cold drinks;
only hot soup, hot camomile tea with raw honey, well-cooked fatty
gelatinous meat (cooked in water) and eggs with onion. Here is an
immune boosting recipe to use during any infection, particularly in
the throat: fry 2-3 eggs in generous amounts of goose or duck fat (or
any other animal fat) so the whites are gently cooked and the yolks
are left runny; slice large white onion and cook in generous amounts
of animal fat under a lid for about 20 minutes, until the onion is soft
and sweet; serve the eggs and the onion together with all the fat,
which they were cooked in, and pour some cold-pressed olive oil on
top. This dish is very gentle and soothing on the throat, the fat and
the egg yolks will dissolve any damaged tissues and help to remove
them; the eggs, fat and cooked onion feed the immune system locally
in the throat, and boost systemic immunity as well. Give this dish to
your child twice a day, and the sore throat will melt away quite
quickly. This is food that should be given to patients in hospitals,
whose tonsils have just been removed.

What do you recommend for children who grind teeth? Is this a sign of
anything?

Teeth grinding or bruxism is caused by contractions in jaw muscles
during sleep. Just as with many other muscle-tone abnormalities,
which we see in GAPS patients, I believe it is caused by a
combination of toxins, coming out of the gut, and nutritional
deficiencies. Bruxism is a common symptom of digestive disorders
and GAPS conditions, such as anxiety, bi-polar disorder, autism,
ADHD, etc. Severe teeth grinding can damage the teeth and lead to
headaches and pain in the facial muscles in the morning. GAPS
programme will remove this symptom over time. In the meantime
try to use a mouth guard to protect your child’s teeth during sleep
(the one rugby players use works well). To relax the muscles before
sleep it may be helpful to take two supplements at bedtime:
magnesium (amino acid chelate) and a supplement, which increases
serotonine production (the usual ingredients are 5HTP, niacin, B6,
folic acid, biotin and zinc). With both supplements start from a small
dose (about half the recommended dose for the age of your child) for
a few nights, and then gradually increase the dose. Increase the
amounts of fat in the diet of your child, particularly raw fat, such as
raw butter and homemade sour cream (made out of raw cream).
Another thing to consider is taking common worms under control, as
their activity can lead to teeth grinding. Please look at questions on
worms and parasites and their treatment with Vermox
(mebendazole 100mg).

Enuresis (bed-wetting) and polyuria (excessive urination) are common
concerns of parents before GAPS and seem to increase during the
early stages of GAPS. Please comment.

Please, read my article on Food Allergy, which explains this issue in
detail. Urine is one of the venues for toxins to leave the body.
Abnormal gut flora produces a lot of toxins, which are excreted in
urine. This toxic urine irritates the lining of the bladder and causes
a low grade inflammation there, so the person gets symptoms of
chronic cystitis. The bladder does not want to hold toxic urine, so
the person has to empty it frequently. If a child (or an adult) with
this condition is fast asleep, then the bladder may empty without
waking up the person, hence bed-wetting. Die-off increases levels of
toxins in the body, so the urine will become more toxic, exacerbating
the problem. It is always important to control die-off by slow
introduction of probiotics and various foods.
GAPS Programme will eliminate this problem long term, as it will
remove its cause. In the meantime do what works to help the
situation: drink plenty of water, supplements of cranberry help to
reduce inflammation in the bladder, use various mechanical alarms
and devises developed for enuresis, wake your child up a few times
during the night and take him/her to the bathroom. Foods high in
salicylates and oxalates can make the problem worse, so try to avoid
these foods for a while until things get better.
When the natural defences of the mucous membranes of the bladder
are damaged by toxins in the urine, then any infection can join in
easily. So people with this problem get urinary infections frequently
which have to be treated with antibiotics. Populating that area with
beneficial flora will prevent urinary infections. So, I recommend
applying homemade kefir or yoghurt all over the groin after showers
and baths. Probiotic microbes will slowly travel up the urethra into
the bladder, protect it and help it heal.

Should we be concerned with consuming foods high in manganese?
Could children with autism have a similar condition to manganese
madness? I heard that some cases of autism were greatly worsened by
excess manganese being in the brain and a diet avoiding foods high in
manganese was advised.

Manganese is an essential trace element involved in many functions
in the body. Toxicity from manganese is known in industrial steel
workers, particularly welders, who are exposed to concentrated
manganese fumes and dust; some pesticides and pharmaceuticals
have large amounts of manganese and can lead to an overdose.
Infant soy formula has recently emerged as the new source of
manganese toxicity, amongst many other harmful influences it has
on a baby’s body. Toxicity from food is generally not known, as in
the food this element comes in a complex with hundreds of other
nutrients, which balance each other out. Foods rich in manganese
are soy, various greens (mustard greens, chard, kale, lettuce, collard,
etc), pineapples, beans, maple syrup and raspberries grown on
manganese-rich soil. Manganese deficiency can look very similar to
excess: problems with balance and motor co-ordination, mood,
behaviour, skin problems, reproductive problems, etc. In autistic
children an excess in manganese is usually not due to high intake
(unless the child was brought up on soy formula), but due to
abnormalities in metabolism and general toxicity. These children
show abnormalities in most elements we test for: copper, zinc,
magnesium, calcium, molybdenum, etc. To handle metals the body
needs fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, K and E), protein and many other
nutrients. As the child goes through the Introduction diet, these
nutritional deficiencies will be slowly eliminated, so the child’s body
starts handling manganese and other metals appropriately. Soy,
maple syrup and many varieties of beans are not allowed on the
GAPS diet. While on the Introduction GAPS diet the person is not
likely to consume pineapples, raspberries or greens to any degree. If
a case of manganese toxicity has been diagnosed, then it is a good
idea to avoid all greens and other manganese-rich foods until the
tests are better. The same goes for infants who were fed soy formula.
But, for majority of people following GAPS this issue should not be
of concern.

Do you agree with current medical recommendations for delaying
high-allergen foods such as peanuts and tree nuts? At what age
should these foods be introduced to young children?

Please look at the New Baby diet on in the 2010 version of the GAPS
book . About 2-3 months after the beginning of the diet I recommend
introducing pancakes made with nut butter (hazelnut or almond). It
is always a good idea to do the Sensitivity Test prior to introducing
any new food, including nut pancakes. In my experience majority of
babies tolerate these pancakes perfectly well, once they have been
through all the previous stages of their GAPS New Baby diet.

My 18 month old has an extremely bloated belly. I know this is
common during healing, but is there anything I can do to alleviate it?
He seems uncomfortable, especially after eating. The bloating does not
go down even after a bowel movement.

There is an excessive gas production in your child’s tummy. Try to
go back to the second stage of the Introduction Diet and keep your
child on it for a while. Dill seed tea helps: put a teaspoon of dry dill
seeds into a pan, add a cup of cold water and bring up to boil. Take
off the heat and let it cool down slowly. Give your child 2-3
teaspoons with water or meat stock a few times per day. A small
daily enema after passing stool will release old matter from the
bowel quicker and speed up the healing process. For a child of this
age it is best to use a bulb syringe enema kit; use warm water with a
pinch of Celtic salt dissolved in it.

Since starting the diet my son’s stools have consistently floated. Is this
cause for concern?

Not at all. Whether the stool floats or sinks depends on its density,
which in turn depends on the mixture of foods eaten.

In your book you mention that GAPS people often have an overgrowth
of sulphate-reducing bacteria. If I suspect this to be the case in my
child, should I avoid feeding him foods that contain high amount of
sulphur?

No, do not remove sulphur-containing foods! Sulphur is essential to
re-build you child’s gut, immunity and liver function. GAPS people
are already deficient in sulphur; they cannot get enough of it. As the
gut flora starts changing the beneficial microbes will take care of the
pathogens and normalise your child’s sulphur metabolism.

Many parents who show the GAPS diet to their paediatricians are told
that the diet is too low in carbohydrates and this can be harmful to the
child?

There is no training in nutrition in medical schools, so generally
your doctor knows no more than any lay person, who derives their
knowledge about food from food industry advertisements in the
mainstream media. The nutritional dogma, dominated by “science”
funded by food industry, has pronounced proteins and fats as evil, so
there was nothing else left to replace them but carbohydrates. So,
the population has been subjected to decades of propaganda that we
all need lots of carbohydrates, and doctors were brainwashed just as
much as everybody else. Strictly speaking carbohydrates are the
only macro-nutrient, without which humans can live perfectly well
in good health. But we cannot live without proteins and fats, which
have been vilified by the nutritional establishment.

If parents intend to vaccinate do you have a recommended vaccine
schedule they should follow? What age to start, how often to receive,
which order, etc?
Please, read the chapter on vaccinations in my GAPS book. In my

opinion babies in GAPS families should not be vaccinated until the
age of 4 - 5 years. Strictly speaking the only two vaccinations that
can be considered important are tetanus and polio. Other
vaccinations are not essential; in fact it is better to let your child go
through those childhood infections. Just make sure that your child is
well nourished and he or she will sail through those infections and
come out stronger with a more robust immune system. It has been
recorded that those people who went through measles, mumps and
other childhood infections, virtually never succumb to auto-immune
disease or allergies. And it is a fact that complications of these
infections arise only in children, who are malnourished, particularly
with deficiencies in vitamins A and D. If you decide to vaccinate, the
order of the vaccines is not so important. What is very important is
to have every vaccine separately; I do not recommend combined
vaccines. It is also important to space the vaccinations at least 3
months apart. Make sure that your child is well nourished and has
no colds, coughs or any other problems at the time of the
vaccination. If any of the vaccines caused a reaction, let your child
recover fully before considering the next vaccine: I would
recommend waiting for about 6 months.

The latest stool analysis of my child has shown growth of
Streptococcus in it. My doctor recommended an antibiotic, which made
my child worse. What should we do?

I have to tell most of my patients not to rely on testing too much.
Every test can only identify what it knows; it cannot find what it has
not been designed to find. It is a fact that little knowledge can be
more dangerous than no knowledge at all. There are many
potentially pathogenic microbes in human stool and in the gut flora.
The fact that the laboratory identified one of them does not mean
that we must go chasing after it. Trying to kill streptococci with
antibiotics we would kill many beneficial bacteria and activate other
pathogens, which could have been dormant, and which may be far
more dangerous than the streptococci. So, in the big picture in the
gut the antibiotic would do more harm than good. We are dealing
with an immensely complex microbial world in the gut, which we
only just started learning about. We know very little yet, our
modern science is in its infancy on this subject. That is why it is best
to rely on centuries old wisdom of treating the gut holistically with
diet and probiotics, giving it time and patience.

CONSTIPATION, DIARRHEA, STOOL ISSUES

If constipation persists for several months, does it mean you are doing
something wrong? Is there anything you recommend in addition to
enemas and juicing to help this?

Try to replace high-protein dairy with high-fat dairy. In my
experience adding high-protein dairy: whey, yoghurt and kefir, does
miracles for those who are prone to diarrhoea. Constipation,
however, is a different matter. If your patient is prone to chronic
constipation introduce high-fat dairy: ghee, butter and sour cream,
but not high-protein dairy, such as yoghurt, whey, kefir and cheese:
high protein dairy can aggravate constipation. High fat content of
sour cream will lubricate the gut wall and soften the stool.

How is it that flax seeds can be used for constipation? Won’t they
damage the gut lining like other fibrous foods?

I do not recommend taking flax seeds, particularly in the initial
stages of the programme. When soaked overnight, flax seeds absorb
a lot of water and turn into a jelly. It is thought that this water-
absorbing quality of flax seeds helps with constipation. However, it
does not help everybody, and yes, flax seeds are very fibrous and
have other anti-nutrients.

After 2 years on GAPS I still have undigested vegetables in my stool
and they take about 3 days to go through my digestive tract. I keep
reading that any undigested food feeds pathogens and fungi. Is this
true and if so, should I just cook the veggies in my broth and then
strain them out? I assume after cooking the veggies for 35-40 minutes
all the nutrients are in the broth anyhow?

It is normal to see some undigested vegetables in your stool,
particularly if they were eaten raw and not chewed very well. It is
also quite normal for them to take three days to get through your
digestive tract. They do not feed microbes any more than any other
food would do. Raw vegetables are important to eat, as they provide
active enzymes and other nutrients, which are destroyed by cooking.
Providing that you have no diarrhoea, you do not have to cook all
your vegetables. Indeed, when you boil vegetables, a lot of nutrients
from them finish up in the water. That is why it is best to eat boiled
vegetables as a soup with the broth you cooked them in, so no
nutrients are wasted.

I have recently begun juicing – just green veggies. I have severe
candida overgrowth. My question has to do with the colour of my
stools. They are very green. Does that mean I am not digesting them
well and should I stop? Or do I push through and it will eventually
resolve itself?

Yes, it should resolve itself in time. It is the same as when people
start drinking lots of carrot juice, their skin turns yellow. Try to
whisk some raw eggs and raw sour cream into your juices: this will
turn them into delicious smoothies, which will balance your blood
sugar and boost your immunity. It will also assist the absorption of
chlorophyll from your green juices, so it does not escape in your
stool.

If a food causes a minor upset, such as gas, phlegm, slight change in
stool, etc., will healing be prevented if this food is continued to be
consumed?
These reactions tell you that your digestive system is not ready for
that food to be introduced. Remove it for a couple of weeks, then try
again as a part of your meal; not on its own, and not on an empty
stomach. Please read Food Allergy to learn more.

Since starting the diet my son’s stools have consistently floated. Is this
cause for concern?

Not at all. Whether the stool floats or sinks depends on its density,
which in turn depends on the mixture of foods eaten.

If GAPS patients see undigested food in their stool, should the
undigested food be avoided?
Not necessarily. There are many foods which go through most of us

undigested, such as sweet corn, for example. If there are symptoms,
such as abdominal pain, flatulence, etc, as well as undigested food in
the stool, then it may be sensible to remove it for a while and see if
that helps.

Since going on GAPS I have not had a bowel movement. When having
enemas the water is expelled and then a bowel movement is stimulated,
but it is not a formed stool - it is only mush or water mush. Is this to
be expected or does it indicate something? Should I somehow be
treating for diarrhoea as well as constipation?

Of course the stool expelled during an enema is not formed: the
water you put into your bowel dilutes it and turns it into a mush. If
constipation is consistent, then there are several things you can do:
· Have more cooked vegetables and gelatinous meats, and reduce
muscle meats in your diet. Increase animal fat consumption with
your meals.
· Replace yoghurt and kefir (high-protein dairy) with sour cream
(high-fat dairy). Make the sour cream at home, preferably from raw
cream, using yoghurt culture initially, then start using kefir culture.
This measure along helps many people to resolve constipation.
· Introduce juicing earlier: make a juice from a mixture of fruit
and vegetables, and then whisk 1-2 raw eggs into it and a generous
dollop of homemade sour cream. This will make a delicious
“milkshake”, which will provide you with magnesium and other
substances. Drink your GAPS milkshake first thing in the morning,
about 20-30 minutes before breakfast. When making juice use high-
magnesium fruit and vegetables, such as oranges, celery, apples,
carrots, cabbage, beetroot and greens.
· Supplementing magnesium may help: use amino acid chelates of
magnesium as a daily supplement. As a laxative you can use
magnesium oxide occasionally.
When reading your recommendations for constipation it seems to me

that dairy plays a key role. What if you cannot tolerate dairy?

Constipation is not about dairy, it is due to lack of beneficial
microbes in the gut and an imbalance of the intestinal nervous
system: the sympathetic nervous system is too active, while
parasympathetic is suppressed. By restoring gut flora with
probiotics and diet, we resolve constipation long-term. Short-term
we need to re-balance the nervous system with diet. In order to
activate the parasympathetic nervous system and to calm down the
sympathetic one we need raw juices, rich in magnesium, potassium
and other substances; we need more animal fat with meals, and we
need to change the ratio of vegetables to meats in our meals (less
muscle meats and more vegetables with gelatinous meats). Please,
look at the previous question.

COOKING, PREPARATION, INGREDIENTS & MISC FOOD

Why is bicarbonate of soda for baking not recommended in the GAPS
diet?
GAPS patients almost invariably have low stomach acid production.

Bicarbonate of soda is a strong alkali and will reduce the stomach
acid even further. Please, read the chapter 'Digestive Enzymes' in
order to fully understand this issue.
When making broth, is there any nutritional difference between

shorter cooking times as described in the GAPS book and extended
cooking times as recommended by WAPF? What about adding vinegar
while cooking?

In the GAPS book I have described how to make meat stock. There
is a difference between meat stock and bone broth. Meat stock is
made with raw meat on a bone and it needs to be cooked just long
enough to cook the meat thoroughly (2-3 hours), so it can be eaten,
and so the bone marrow can be taken out of the bone and consumed.
The meat stock made this way is usually clear and delicious, with an
excellent nutritional value: it is particularly rich in amino acids.
Bone broth is made out of bones which can be raw or cooked or a
mixture (many people collect cooked bones from their meals, keep
them in the freezer and use them for making the broth). In order to
leach minerals out of the bones we add vinegar to the water. It is not
necessary to add vinegar to the meat stock unless you need it for a
particular taste. Bone broth may have quite a different nutritional
composition from the meat stock and a different taste. Both are
beneficial and should be used in GAPS diet.

Is baking with honey safe?
Dried fruit as a sweetener in baking would be a better

option. Natural good quality honey is "alive", which is why it is
recommended to buy unpasteurized, untreated honey, straight from
the bees and collected in ecologically clean areas. However, in some
recipes honey works quite well. From my clinical experience and the
experience of Elaine Gottschall there have never been any "toxic"
reactions to baking with honey.

What are the requirements for fruit as it relates to the GAPS diet?
How should GAPS patients evaluate fruits not listed in the book
(durian and lychees, for example)?

Fruit is not essential to eat, strictly speaking; we can live without it
perfectly well. But, of course, it is delicious and nice to include into
the diet, particularly for children. It is important to make sure that
your gut is ready for fruit before introducing it. Fruit must be ripe!
It is best if it was ripened on the tree, so look for locally grown fruit.
When several fruits are introduced and there are no problems with
digesting them, then you can experiment with fruits which are not
listed, such as lychees and durian: your body will let you know if you
are ready for them or not.

Is there a limit to the amount of nuts and nut products one should
consume on the GAPS diet?
All foods should be consumed in sensible amounts, including nuts.
I have met many families who 'started the SCD'. The trouble was
that their version of SCD was lots of baking with ground almonds,
because so many GAPS children are fussy with food and would only
accept sweet things. Naturally these families did not see the
expected improvements, because no child or adult can live on ground
almonds and honey most of the time. Nuts are very fibrous and
hard work for the digestive system, that is why they are introduced
in later stages of the GAPS Diet, and only when the severe digestive
symptoms are gone. I recommend that many patients ferment nuts
in the initial stages, as it makes them more digestible. If the GAPS
Introduction Diet is followed correctly and nuts are introduced at
the right time, the majority of patients find no trouble with eating
sensible amounts of nuts.

In the GAPS book it says to use raw nuts only, not roasted. I wonder
why? I can eat raw nuts instead, but pecans, for example, have a
richer flavour if gently roasted. Is home roasting of nuts
recommended?

I recommend buying raw nuts, not roasted, salted or processed in
any other way, because we cannot trust the industry to process nuts
for us. At home we use them for baking, which cooks them. So, you
can roast them gently at home, making sure not to burn them.
Is parchment paper safe to use in baking?

The short answer is yes. I am sure there are things in the paper
which in theory may be problematic, but I have never met anybody
who reacted to baking paper.

Could you tell me why some cheeses are allowed on the diet while some
others are not? What is the criteria that makes a cheese allowed? How
can I be sure if it is OK to eat a cheese as many are not listed in the
GAPS book?

The list of allowed cheeses has been provided by Elaine Gottschall,
who researched this subject, measuring lactose levels in cheeses.
However, that was many years ago; cheese production methods
change all the time and new varieties of cheese come to the market.
So, if the cheese is not listed, find out how the cheese has been made.
You want to know if it was fermented in a traditional way and no
other ingredients have been added after fermentation. It is best to
get mature cheeses, which have been fermented long enough to
remove all lactose and to pre-digest protein. You have to be sure
that your body is ready for this cheese, so try a tiny piece first and
see what happens; you body will let you know if you are ready for it.

When can cocoa or cocao be introduced?
Cocoa is SCD illegal. However, I find that many people can start
having it occasionally on the Full GAPS Diet, once the digestive
symptoms are gone. Find pure organic cocoa powder. Mixing the
powder with some honey and sour cream makes a delicious dessert,
and you can add it to your homemade ice cream or cakes. After
trying it for the first time, observe your patient for any reactions.
Cocoa is very rich in magnesium and some essential amino acids
and, unless your digestive system is not ready for it, there is no need
to avoid it.

I have seen a lot of controversy regarding flax and chia seeds and their
mucilaginous properties. Are either of these seeds GAPS-legal, and if
not why? What about flax oil? It is mentioned in the GAPS book that it
should not be taken alone. How/when should it be taken?

Flax and chia seeds and oils are allowed on the Full GAPS diet. As a
whole seed they are very fibrous and should not be consumed until
diarrhoea has cleared completely. People who are prone to
constipation find it useful to take a teaspoonful of these seeds every
morning, after the seeds have been soaking in water over night (they
become jelly-like). The oils from these seeds must be cold pressed
without application of chemicals or high pressure. The oil of flax is
too high in omega-3 fatty acids - that is why I do not recommend
supplementing it on its own. It is better to take it in a mixture with
other cold pressed oils, such as evening primrose oil or starflower
oil. Chia oil is new on the market; it appears to have a more balance
fatty acid composition, so it may be OK to take it on its own.
However, it is a good idea to alternate oils in your diet, not sticking
to one particular oil for long periods of time, as all of these oils have
their own pluses and minuses. Also, it needs to be remembered that
the bulk of fats in the GAPS diet comes from animal foods; these oils
are just a supplement, taken in a complex with animal fats, olive oil
and coconut oil.

Is there any specific ratio of meat to vegetables that GAPS patients
should adhere to?
There are no exact ratios, as it depends on the weather and your

physical state. In cold weather you may want less vegetables and
more meat and hot meat stock. In hot weather you may want more
salad and lighter meals with less meat. Listen to your body, it will
tell you what it wants on any particular day.

Is it necessary to consume both cooked and raw food? Can one follow
the Primal diet and GAPS diet simultaneously?

When we talk about raw and cooked we have to separate the animal
products from the plant foods.
Plant foods: in a raw state they contribute live enzymes and other
undamaged active substances, which clean and detoxify the body,
but they do not feed us too well, as raw plants are largely
indigestible. Cooking plants makes them more digestible, so they
feed us better, but the live enzymes will be gone. Fermentation
makes plants more digestible and full of enzymes, as well as
probiotic microbes; and there is no cooking involved. So fermented
plants are often better than raw or cooked, and indeed in all
traditional diets plant foods were largely consumed fermented. Some
seasonal plants, such as soft berries, should be eaten straight from
the bush to the mouth. They haven’t got much in them to feed us,
but they are full of detoxifying substances. The best way to preserve
berries is fermentation, for example making vinegar.
Animal products: dairy should be consumed either raw or
fermented. Egg yolks should be consumed raw. Whites can be
consumed raw as well, but their slimy consistency and taste are a
problem for many people, so I recommend gently cooking the
whites, leaving yolks raw or minimally cooked. Raw meats are a
good source of parasites and infections, particularly in our modern
world where food travels long distances. Yes, raw meat is full of
active enzymes and other good things, but we can add enzymes to the
meal by eating cooked meat with fermented and raw vegetables. If
you had a chance to get organic meat fresh from your local farmer,
then you can preserve some cuts of it yourself without cooking by
salting it in a traditional way, fermenting or making meat jerky.
Softer cuts, such as fillet steak you can eat raw making traditional
dishes, such as steak tartar. Many lean muscle meats can be cooked
rare or medium rare, particularly lamb (which is considered to be
the cleanest meat). Most of other places on the animal will have meat
too chewy to eat raw, so it is best to cook it. If you were lucky to get
hold of a fresh wild salmon, I have some recipes in my book on how
to marinate it without cooking. Most other fish needs to be cooked
very lightly, as overcooked fish and shellfish become tough and
chewy. Apart from wild salmon I do not recommend to eat raw fish,
as it is easy to pick up parasites from it, as indeed is a common
problem in Japanese who eat raw fish regularly. You cannot eat
bones and joints of animal or fish raw, so we make meat and bone
broth from them. That way nothing gets wasted.
So, as you can see it is possible to combine Primal diet and GAPS. It
is a matter of balancing your meals to include cooked foods and raw
foods, which you feel comfortable and safe eating, and find tasty and
appealing. It is important to enjoy your food, not only focus on its
nutritional value!

When getting around to introducing buckwheat, quinoa and millet are
all of these supposed to be fermented, or just the buckwheat?

Please, read the chapter Coming off the GAPS diet, p.155 in the new
edition of my book. The recipe section provides a recipe for
fermenting grains (p.195). I recommend that all grains get
fermented, not just buckwheat.

Is raw coconut sap vinegar OK on GAPS?
Yes!

Can you tell me if nettle tea is allowed on the GAPS diet? I see that
nettle is not on SCD, but I don’t know about the tea. Nettle tea is so
full of nutrients and minerals; it would be a shame to give it up
nutrient-wise.

Yes, nettle tea is allowed. Nettles are very nutritious. I have a recipe
of nettle soup in my book, and I recommend using fresh nettle leaves
in juicing. Do not use nettles in pregnancy because it can initiate
contractions. For this reason nettle infusion has been traditionally
used in the third stage of childbirth, when the baby is out, but
placenta is still in and needs some encouragement to come out.

Is mead in small amounts GAPS allowed?

Yes, as long as it is made with honey and not with sugar (as sugar is
often not completely removed by fermentation).

Are the following allowed: ginseng, kava, valerian root, Irish moss tea,
plant fibre in supplements?

Yes, herbs are generally allowed as a tea or an extract. When the
diarrhoea has cleared, you can start consuming them raw and dried,
as by then your gut should be able to handle fibre (herbs are usually
fibrous).

Is soured milk GAPS legal? Tequila?

Only homemade fermented milk products are allowed. Tequila is a
distilled product like vodka, and if nothing else has been added, it
should be OK occasionally and in small amounts.

Are the following GAPS foods legal: adzuki beans, coconut aminos,
hemp seeds?

Adzuki beans are not allowed, as more than 60% of them are
complex carbohydrates. Coconut aminos is a supplement; from what
I can see on the manufacturer’s information it should be OK. Hemp
seed is very fibrous and low in useful nutrition, apart from the oil.
So, if you want to try hemp seeds I would only try them when all
digestive symptoms are completely gone.

Is liquorice root tea GAPS legal?
Yes, liquorice tea is allowed.

Can sweet potatoes be consumed fermented, for instance in the African
beverage mentioned in Nourishing Traditions, or perhaps some other
form? We’re not certain whether the fermentation would beneficially
change the problematic starches. If not at first, would this possibly be
an advanced food (fermented organic sweet potatoes)?

While on the GAPS diet sweet potato is not allowed. And there is no
real need for it as we can have butternut squash, which has a similar
taste and texture. I am not aware of any research into how much
starch is left in fermented sweet potato recipes. So, it is better to
keep on the safe side until the person is able to tolerate fermented
grains and new potatoes. When the programme has been completed,
you can gradually introduce all sorts of wholesome foods, including
sweet potato, fermented or not.

Are certain legumes, prohibited on the GAPS diet, allowed if they are
sprouted? Specifically: sprouted garbanzo, adzuki, mung and snow
pea. Also if they are, would they have to be cooked to introduce these
sprouts?

Legumes are generally hard to digest, so I do not recommend
rushing with their introduction. When your digestion is much better
and you have been on the Full GAPS Diet for a while, try to have a
tiny amount of sprouted legumes of your choice and see how your
body reacts to them. The longer they are sprouted, the less starch
will be left in them, so you can try them raw or cooked to your
liking. Raw will have active enzymes to help you to digest them,
while cooked they are gentler on your gut lining. But first make sure
that your digestive system is ready for them.

CYSTITIS

Please comment on interstitial cystitis and how GAPS can help?

Please read the article Food Allergy, it will explain this issue to you
in detail.

DETOXING, DIE-OFF, & OTHER SYMPTOMS

What are "die-off" symptoms?
As you introduce a probiotic into the digestive system, the

pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi there will be dying, which
releases more toxins. This increase in toxicity may produce a so-
called "die-off" reaction, when you may feel more tired or generally
"off color". It is a temporary reaction and usually lasts from a few
days to a few weeks in different people. To make this reaction as
mild as possible, build the dose of Bio-Kult slowly. The quickest you
can go is adding 1 capsule to the daily dose every 4-7 days. You can
build the dose much slower, depending on your reaction. If you get
a severe reaction, cut the daily dose down to the previous level and
settle on it. Then carry on increasing the dose.
Why do my symptoms seem to be getting worse on the GAPS diet and

Bio-Kult?

Die-off releases more toxins than usual. Your symptoms may get
worse initially but this is a temporary reaction and will pass. Build
up the Bio-Kult very slowly to decrease this response. If the Full
GAPS Diet is causing your symptoms to get worse with no gradual
improvements, it is recommended to go back and follow the
Introduction Diet.
If a food causes a minor upset, such as gas, phlegm, slight change in

stool, etc., will healing be prevented if this food is continued to be
consumed?
These reactions tell you that your digestive system is not ready for
that food to be introduced. Remove it for a couple of weeks, then try
again as a part of your meal; not on its own, and not on an empty
stomach. Please read Food Allergy to learn more.

How can you tell the difference between die-off and food intolerance?
For example, how do you know if flatulence is caused by the meal you
just ate or from the meal prior to that one?
The die-off symptoms can be new symptoms or can be your usual

symptoms getting worse, when you introduce new diet, probiotics or
anti-parasitic, anti-fungal/anti-bacterial remedies. Food intolerance
symptoms appear when you introduce new foods into your diet. If
you have been eating a particular food routinely, which you suspect
as causing food intolerances, remove it for 3-4 weeks, then try to eat
it again. Your body will let you know if you are intolerant to it.
Production of gas takes time; it is the pathogens in the gut (usually
fungi) that convert food into gas. So, it is your previous meals that
produced the gas. Every meal sends a propulsion reflex down the
digestive system, so that gas in the bowel may be released when you
are eating your next meal.

Is die-off dangerous? What symptoms are warnings that you should
slow down? Should the GAPS diet be done under the supervision of a
healthcare professional?

It is always a good idea to work with a good healthcare professional.
However, thousands of people around the world have implemented
GAPS diet on their own with very good results. Die-off is very
individual and depends on the severity of the condition. If we are
dealing with a severe condition, then die-off can be very serious and
should be controlled by slow introduction of foods and probiotics.
Is insomnia a common die-off response? Do you have any

recommendations for overcoming insomnia?

Many toxins coming from the activity of unhealthy gut flora disrupt
our neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters are chemicals
which brain cells use to communicate with each other, such as
serotonine, adrenalin, dopamine, melatonin, endorphins, etc. – there
are about a hundred neurotransmitters discovered so far. Die-off
releases more toxins than usual and, if a person has a problem with
neurotransmitter disruption already, then it will get worse. One of
the functions of neurotransmitters is regulation of sleep. Serotonine,
GABA and melatonin are the three neurotransmitters connected
with sleep and relaxation in particular, and it is a good idea to boost
their production with supplements, if insomnia is a problem. To
boost serotonine production we need an amino acid 5HTP (5-
hydroxytryptophan), for GABA we need taurine and glutamine.
These amino acids need co-factors to be converted into
neurotransmitters: niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, biotic, zinc,
magnesium, vitamin B1, vitamin B12 and pantothenic acid. There
are supplements on the market, which contain all these ingredients
with about 100mg of 5HTP, 500mg of glutamine and 500mg of
taurine. Always start with a low dose and build gradually; the
optimal dose is very individual. In many people just boosting
production of serotonine and GABA is enough to remedy insomnia.
If it is not enough, then try to add melatonin. Melatonin is produced
in the brain at night, however in order to produce it in the dark we
need a good dose of light during the day. Spending some time in
bright sunlight every day will boost your melatonin production (no
sunglasses, as the light needs to reach the brain through the eyes).
Supplements of melatonin are available ready made; start from a
low dose at bedtime (1-3 mg) and, if it is not making any difference,
slowly increase the dose.

Which symptoms should you push through and which symptoms are a
sign that you should remove the food?
If the symptoms are due to die-off, initiated by the introduction of

probiotics, the diet or natural anti-parasitic remedies, then continue
gradual increase of the remedies and gradual progression through
the diet, keeping the die-off at a manageable level. If new symptoms
appear after introducing new food, then you are not ready for that
food (your gut lining is not ready). Remove the food, work on
healing your gut lining with the diet and probiotics for a few weeks,
and then try the new food again.

Do you recommend or support the use of activated charcoal, clay or
vitamin C for detox use during die-off?

Yes, many people try these remedies and find that they help.

Will toxins and lead and mercury toxicity cause tight muscles? If so,
will certain muscles be more prone to tightness, i.e. muscles that have
been problematic during die-off?

Yes, toxins can cause muscle pain, spasms and tightness. Any muscle
can be affected, it is individual. If a particular group of muscles was
problematic during die-off, then it is likely that they will be targeted
by toxicity.

Even the smallest amount of any probiotic food or supplement causes
me severe bloating, fatigue and pain. How do I do the diet if I can’t
take probiotics? Are there any conditions where probiotic are not
recommended?

People suffering from ME, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia
and some other debilitating conditions often have difficulties
introducing probiotics. The reason for that is the die-off effect: it is
so severe in this group of patients that they find it very difficult to
cope with. Just start from a tiny amount and go up very slowly. I
have patients who start from 1/18 th of a capsule of the Bio-Kult (or
as much powder as would fit on the end of a sharp knife), and it
takes them months to get up to one capsule per day. The same with
fermented foods, start from a tiny amount per 5-7 days; as your
body gets used to that amount, start taking it a bit more frequently.
When you can take that tiny amount every day, start increasing the
dose. Proceed in this very slow manner. It is important for you to
introduce probiotics in the form of food or supplement. You just
have to go slowly.
If symptoms from introducing a food are mainly non-digestive, such as

increased salivating and brain fog, might this be a reaction to work
through? Or does it still signal a faulty immune system and thus one
should back off that food?

These symptoms look like food allergy or intolerance. Always do the
sensitivity test with any suspicious food before introducing it. If the
test is negative, then just introduce it at a pace that is manageable
for you: start with tiny amounts as a part of the whole meal, not on
its own. If, even in tiny amounts the reaction is too much, then stop,
give yourself a few months to heal and then try again. As the gut
gets healthier, you will be more able to digest that food properly
rather than absorbing it partially digested.

DIABETES, INSULIN & LEPTIN

Do any modifications need to be made to the GAPS diet for patients
with insulin resistance?

GAPS diet is very beneficial for people with type-two diabetes,
obesity, and other forms of insulin resistance, as it cuts out complex
carbohydrates. People with this problem need to limit their
carbohydrate consumption; so don’t go heavy on honey or SCD
desserts. It is essential to have plenty of animal fats for these people
in order to keep their blood sugar at the right level. In order to do
that I recommend having a few tablespoons of coconut oil, raw
butter or homemade sour cream every half an hour throughout the
day. Freshly pressed juices have many sugars in them: in order to
balance these sugars with fat and protein, blend into the juice 1-2
raw eggs and 1-2 tablespoons of homemade sour cream or raw
butter or coconut oil (per person). Once your juice is mixed with
eggs and fat, you do not need to worry about how sweet the juice
may be: you can juice carrots, beetroot, apples and pineapples. For
people with sugar cravings and other difficulties in blood sugar
control, it is a good idea to mix raw butter or coconut oil with a little
raw honey to taste; make the mixture in advance and keep eating it
throughout the day. This mixture will help you to come through the
initial stages of treatment. When sugar cravings are gone, you will be
able to maintain your blood sugar normal between meals without
having to eat anything.

Does GAPS help with leptin resistance and if so, how?
Leptin resistance is similar to insulin resistance and is usually found

in overweight people. GAPS diet is a low carbohydrate diet; it helps
with weight loss and insulin resistance, so it should help with leptin
resistance too.

Will the GAPS diet help cure and prevent diabetes?

There are two forms of diabetes: type one and type two. Type one is
an auto immune disorder, where the body attacks and destroys the
insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. All auto immunity is born in
the gut. Following the GAPS Programme will heal the gut and re-
structure the immune system. In my experience, as the patient
progresses through the treatment, he or she is able to slowly reduce
the dose of insulin and in many cases to stop the injections
altogether. Type two diabetes is caused by the body becoming insulin
resistant because of continuous consumption of processed
carbohydrates. GAPS diet removes all processed carbohydrates, so
the body can heal the damage and remove diabetes. Once better, as
long as the person continues to stick to low-carbohydrate nourishing
diet for the rest of his or her life, the diabetes should never return.

EMFs (ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS)

Is our gut flora sensitive to the electromagnetic fields in our
environment? Is the influence of these fields good or bad? If the
influence is bad, what can we do about it?

EMF (electromagnetic field) is a growing concern in the modern
world, and many GAPS people are sensitive to it. Research shows
that it is damaging to humans, animals and microbes. I have not
seen any studies on gut flora specifically, but I would imagine that
the EMF influence is not good. On the whole it is a good idea to
avoid exposure to EMF by staying away from high-power electricity
lines, mobile phone masts and other sources. Make sure that you
don’t live close to any powerful source of EMF, switch off your
computers and TV screens when you are not using them, and do not
become attached to your mobile phone too much. Babies and
children can be very sensitive to EMF; I had families in my clinic
where the baby would not sleep until all electrical devices in the
house are unplugged from the sources of electricity.

FERMENTED FOODS & DRINK

How long should kefir be fermented? Is there some lactose left in it?

Kefir should be fermented for 24 hours minimum. Fermentation is a
natural process: that is why it cannot be 100% predictable. Some
batches of kefir may taste more sour than others, and every batch
will have different amounts of lactose left in it. There is some lactose
left in all fermented dairy products, even in aged cheese. It is the
probiotic microbes in your gut flora, which we are providing in kefir
and other fermented dairy, which break the lactose up in your gut.
Indeed, vast majority of people have no problem with tiny amounts
of lactose left in their homemade fermented dairy. In particularly
sensitive individuals I recommend fermenting yoghurt or kefir
longer (36 hours or even more), which will make it taste very sour
but will reduce the lactose content. As you progress through the
GAPS Programme and your gut starts healing, you may find that
you can tolerate more and more lactose to the point of eventually
trying raw milk and cream without fermenting them.

I bought some sauerkraut from a holistic company, and it gave me a
lot of gas and fermentation in my bowel. The company told me that
sauerkraut was completely natural and organic. When I make my own
sauerkraut I do not have these symptoms. Why?

The sauerkraut you bought has not been fermented long enough. It
has not completed the fermentation process, where enough lactic
acid accumulates in the cabbage to suppress microbial activity and
stop the fermentation. If the cabbage and other vegetables are still
fermenting, they will continue fermenting inside your digestive
system, producing gas and giving you unpleasant symptoms. This
applies to sauerkraut, kimchi and all other fermented vegetables.
Sauerkraut takes about 2-3 weeks at a room temperature to
complete fermentation, kimchi and other vegetable mixtures may
take longer. How do we know if the fermentation is complete? It
stops producing gas, the vegetables taste sour and do not spoil at all
at room temperature or in the fridge, even if they get dry.

Are there any health conditions that would require fermented foods to
be limited or avoided?

Fermented foods are teaming with beneficial microbes, which cause
a die-off reaction. At the same time they are full of active enzymes
and active nutrients, which can initiate “detox” and healing
restructuring of the tissues in the body. All three can cause
discomfort and unpleasant symptoms. That is why it is important to
introduce fermented foods slowly and gradually, starting from juice
of a plain sauerkraut or vegetable medley. Avoid mixtures which
contain chilli peppers or other spices initially, start from plain
mixtures of just cabbage and carrot in sauerkraut, and cabbage,
beetroot and garlic in the vegetable medley. Make sure that the
fermentation process is completed: the gas production stops and the
product is quite sour- tasting. To complete the fermentation may
take a few weeks longer than the recipe states, because of various
differences in the vegetables, the temperature and other factors.

I find it easier to drink fermented veggie juice instead of the veggies. Is
it beneficial to eat fermented coconut or apple cider vinegar with each
meal? Can they be eaten in replacement of fermented solid veggies or
are thy less beneficial? Will the consumption of these vinegars or
lemon juice lower my stomach acid too much?

It is absolutely fine to have fermented vegetable juices or juices
pressed from fermented vegetables, as long as they have not been
pasteurised. The same for vinegars: they are very beneficial to add
to your water and to have between and with meals, as long as they
are raw, not pasteurised. Many GAPS people find fibre a problem;
and it may remain a problem for quite a long time, for some people
for years. So drinking juices, rather than eating the vegetables is a
good option for these people. The juice will provide probiotic
microbes, enzymes and all the other benefits of the fermented
vegetables, but without the fibre. Consumption of raw vinegar or
lemon juice will not reduce your stomach acid, just the opposite:
they will stimulate its production and help your body restore normal
stomach acidity over time.

How long after making yoghurt do the beneficial bacteria stay viable?
Is there a window of time in which a batch of yoghurt should be
eaten? Should yoghurt be frozen?

No, it is best not to freeze yoghurt, as it will kill a lot of the probiotic
bacteria in it. Yoghurt stays alive for a very long time, in the fridge
for a few months; it may continue fermenting very slowly and
becoming more and more sour-tasting, but it will still be good for
you, and it will still be good to use as a starter for making more
yoghurt. So, if you are going away on holiday, for example, it is fine
to leave your yoghurt in the fridge; when you come back it will taste
very sour, but you can make new fresh yoghurt from it in 24 hours.

Is Kombucha allowed on Gaps? How do you know when all the sugar
has fermented out?

Yes, kombucha is allowed, but I would not introduce it until you
move to the Full GAPS diet. At that stage, if a little sugar is left in
your kombucha, it will not do you any harm, as your gut will be
strong enough to handle it. Just ferment it the usual way, so it tastes
sour.

What would be the optimal amount of kefir and or yoghurt to consume
daily? Can over-consumption be a problem?

The optimal amount is individual and should be found by gradual
introduction of yoghurt and kefir, which is done as part of the
Introduction Diet. Many people find two cups of yoghurt or/and
kefir per day as a good amount; other people find that too much, yet
many of my patients happily have much more than that per day.
Over-consumption can swing a person, who used to be prone to
diarrhoea to becoming prone to constipation. So, it is a matter of
balance. If constipation has become an issue, then I recommend
switching to fermenting cream, rather than milk: in many people
that solves the constipation problem.

Do fermented foods help fight parasites?
Fermented food introduce beneficial microbes into the body, which

will play their part in a very complex interaction of various micro-
creatures, who already live there. We do not know what exactly they
do, but in a clinical setting regular consumption of fermented foods
helps to eliminate digestive symptoms, caused by parasites.

FOOD INTOLERANCE & SENSITIVITIES

How can you tell the difference between die-off and food intolerance?
For example, how do you know if flatulence is caused by the meal you
just ate or from the meal prior to that one?
The die-off symptoms can be new symptoms or can be your usual

symptoms getting worse, when you introduce new diet, probiotics or
anti-parasitic, anti-fungal/anti-bacterial remedies. Food intolerance
symptoms appear when you introduce new foods into your diet. If
you have been eating a particular food routinely, which you suspect
as causing food intolerances, remove it for 3-4 weeks, then try to eat
it again. Your body will let you know if you are intolerant to it.
Production of gas takes time; it is the pathogens in the gut (usually
fungi) that convert food into gas. So, it is your previous meals that
produced the gas. Every meal sends a propulsion reflex down the
digestive system, so that gas in the bowel may be released when you
are eating your next meal.

Is it possible to be sensitive to bone broth? What should you do if you
are reacting to bone broth?

It is possible to be sensitive to any food, though sensitivity to bone
broth is quite rare. Try to make different meat stocks and see if you
can find one that you can tolerate: from a whole chicken, from a leg
of lamb, from a joint of beef, from a whole fish (gutted, but with the
head and tail), from pigeons, pheasants, a joint of venison, a joint of
pork, etc. Make sure that not only bones are used but a good piece
of meat on the bone. Make sure that you start with uncooked meat
and bone and don’t mix meats from different animals: just make a
chicken stock or a lamb stock, etc.

Once a food has been successfully introduced without any negative
reaction, can the sensitivity to that food come back in the future?

It can, unfortunately. It all depends on how “leaky” your gut wall is
at the time. Many factors can damage your gut wall: stress,
parasites, cheating on the diet, getting run down, travelling, etc. If
that happens, try to go back to the Introduction Diet and heal your
gut again.

How do you go about implementing GAPS for someone with severe
meat allergies (except fish) – to the point that they get very ill
immediately after ingesting them? What would be your plan of action?

It is very rare to be allergic to all meats. Try wild game, such as
pheasant, pigeon, quail, deer, wild boar, or whatever other wild
meat you can get locally. We start from meat stock, made with these
meats. Regardless of your experiments with wild meats, also make
fish stock from heads, bones, fins and meat of large fish or whole
small fish (about a kilo per a five-litre pan). Please, look for recipes
in my book on how to make fish stock. Fresh water fish is very good,
if it comes form clean lakes and rivers. Deep-water sea fish is
preferable (such as herring, sprats and anchovies) to the coastal ones
(such as cod and mackerel). Also avoid large carnivorous fish, such
as tuna, shark or sword fish. Make sure to alternate varieties of fish;
do not fall into a routine of eating the same species all the time.

Which symptoms should you push through and which symptoms are a
sign that you should remove the food?
If the symptoms are due to die-off, initiated by the introduction of

probiotics, the diet or natural anti-parasitic remedies, then continue
gradual increase of the remedies and gradual progression through
the diet, keeping the die-off at a manageable level. If new symptoms
appear after introducing new food, then you are not ready for that
food (your gut lining is not ready). Remove the food, work on
healing your gut lining with the diet and probiotics for a few weeks,
and then try the new food again.

What about phytates and other anti-nutrients in food?
All foods contain substances, which can be damaging to the human

gut and the rest of the body. Plants contain phytates, lectins,
oxalates, salicylates, phenols and who knows, what else. Animal
foods are largely made of proteins, every one of which can cause
allergies. So, should we stop eating at all? It is a matter of what you
can digest and assimilate at any particular point in your life. Even
people, who consider themselves healthy, have periods in their lives
when they are run down or under stress. These are times to be kind
to your digestive system and not eat things, which are hard to
digest. Following the GAPS Introduction Diet allows people to heal
their gut by eating easily digestible foods, so later they can safely
introduce foods, which are harder to digest.
In your book you mention that GAPS people often have an overgrowth
of sulphate-reducing bacteria. If I suspect this to be the case in my
child, should I avoid feeding him foods that contain high amount of
sulphur?

No, do not remove sulphur-containing foods! Sulphur is essential to
re-build you child’s gut, immunity and liver function. GAPS people
are already deficient in sulphur; they cannot get enough of it. As the
gut flora starts changing the beneficial microbes will take care of the
pathogens and normalise your child’s sulphur metabolism.

recommended?

have to go slowly.

GAS/FLATULENCE

As far as I understand, gas is a sign of fungi presence in the gut.
Should one go back to the second stage of Intro and stay on it until
there is absolutely no gas? Does one have to eliminate gas completely
in order to heal his gut or will it just heal over the course of time?

Yes, gas is produced largely by fungi in the gut. Some amount of gas
is normal, but not too much. You do not have to go back to the Intro
diet, but just remove foods for a while which may be feeding fungi:
fruit, nuts and baking.

HAIR

Why do some GAPS patients experience tooth discoloration and hair
loss?
Tooth discoloration and hair loss are very rare in GAPS patients,
and usually happen in very toxic people, particularly people with
metal toxicity. Hair and teeth are those places where the body often
stores toxins in. Many things happen in the body, as the GAPS
program is initiated. We don't know what happens exactly, but it is
possible that the hair, full of toxins, get dropped by the body to
allow new "clean" hair to grow. With teeth: I have seen autistic
children who had their permanent teeth growing with black spots
imbedded in them. One particular boy displayed noticeable
improvements in his autism in the weeks following the removal of
the black spot by the dentist. It is possible that his body had stored
mercury from vaccinations or some other toxins in the growing
tooth. We don't know what happens exactly, but it is likely that the
detoxification initiated by the GAPS Nutritional Protocol starts
shifting the toxins around, which may be the cause of tooth
discoloration in the initial stages. In the long run, however, your
child is likely to grow beautiful whit teeth, as I have seen in so many
GAPS children.

Can the GAPS diet help with alopecia?

Alopecia can be caused by many things: nutritional deficiencies,
allergy, hormonal imbalance, toxicity, auto immunity, diabetes,
vascular abnormalities, etc. No matter what the cause, following
GAPS will help to balance your hormones, remove nutritional
deficiencies and toxicity, re-balance immunity and improve
circulation. So, give it a try.

HEADACHES

Chronic headaches - is this a sign of GAPS?
There are many different forms of headaches. Migraines often

respond to GAPS treatment well. Headaches due to high blood
pressure will respond well, as most cases of hypertension are due to
magnesium deficiency, which GAPS programme will eliminate.
Many headaches are due to food allergy and intolerance. Healing the
gut will eliminate the allergy and the headaches. Many headaches
are hormonal: abnormal gut flora upsets the hormonal balance in
the body, leading to headaches. GAPS programme will allow your
body to bring the hormones into balance. Most headaches, no matter
what origin, have a toxic component to them. Most toxins in the body
come from the gut, so healing the gut and cleaning it up will reduce
the toxic load in the body and help with headaches. Many headaches
have a tension component to them due to our fast-paced stressful
lives. The GAPS diet will nourish the adrenals and allow the body to
cope with tension and stress much better. But good sleep, enough
sleep, and giving yourself some time every day to do something
relaxing and pleasant just for you, will help with all forms of
headaches.

HEART DISEASE

Dr. Campbell-McBride advocates eating animal fats and cholesterol-
rich foods. What about heart disease?
To understand fully how and why heart disease develops please

read my book, "Put your heart in your mouth! What really is heart
disease and what we can do to prevent and even reverse it." The
idea of fats and cholesterol-rich foods "causing" heart disease and
other manifestations of atherosclerosis stems from an infamous Diet-
Heart Hypothesis, first proposed in 1953. Since then the science and
clinical experience has proven this hypothesis to be completely
wrong. However, since 1953 a large political and commercial
machine has been built based on this hypothesis: these powers do
their best to keep the mistaken diet-heart hypothesis alive for as
long as possible. It has been proven that natural animal fats, dairy
fats, eggs, fresh fish and other natural sources of cholesterol have
nothing to do with heart disease and are essential to health. It has
also been proven that all artificial fats vigorously promoted to the
population, such as all cooking and vegetable oils, margarines,
butter replacements and other processed fats cause heart disease,
cancer, diabetes, psychiatric and neurological disease and many
other health problems. GAPS patients require a lot of natural fats
and natural cholesterol in their diet in order to restore their brain
function and immune function.

ILLNESS & MEDICATIONS
What should I do if I get a "tummy bug" while on the diet?
If you or your child gets a "tummy bug" or any other kind of
diarrhea remove all nuts, raw vegetables and raw fruit out of the
diet. Stay on a low fiber diet: meat stock, meats, fish, eggs,
fermented dairy and cooked vegetables (skinned, de-seeded and well
cooked with meats as soups and stews) and cooked fruit until
diarrhea completely clears. After stools stay normal for a week at
least, re-introduce raw fruit and vegetables slowly, one at a time and
starting from small amounts.

Do OTC (Over the Counter) medications for cough, cold, flu and fever
have a negative effect on the digestive system? What do you
recommend parents give their children for these conditions?

Over the counter drugs for colds do have a negative effect on the
digestive system and the immune system. Apart from the drug itself
they contain sweeteners, flavours, fillers, binders and other
ingredients, which will do you or your child no good. What do I
recommend instead? I cover this subject in the chapter on ear
infections in the GAPS book - I recommend plain aspirin. Aspirin is
one the safest medications known to man. However, in the last few
decades the pharmaceutical patent has run out on aspirin, so it
became unprofitable for the manufacturers. So, they needed to
replace it with new drugs which have fresh patent (paracetamol,
ibuprofen, etc.). In order to convince the public and the medical
profession to replace aspirin (one of the most trusted and proven
medications on Earth) with their new drugs, they had to vilify
aspirin. So aspirin was attached to a very rare condition with a
scary list of symptoms, called Reye’s syndrome: the symptoms range
from vomiting and neurological impairment to liver damage. Reye’s
syndrome was first described as a consequence of a severe viral
infection in malnourished children. Apart from viruses a long list of
chemicals can cause this condition: pesticides and insecticides,
aflatoxin, alcohol, emulsifiers, tetracyclines, valproate, warfarin,
isopropyl alcohol, pteridines, hypoglycine and other chemicals,
widely present in our personal care products, domestic cleaning
products, pharmaceutical drugs and food. The association of Reye’s
syndrome with aspirin is dubious to say the least and has been
criticised by many experts at the time. But because aspirin has
become unprofitable, the pharmaceutical industry used whatever
little evidence they had to withdraw aspirin from use in children,
while in adults the use of it now comes with dire warnings in large
print; and every pharmacist selling aspirin has been instructed to
question the buyer about how much they buy and for what use. The
drugs which replaced aspirin are far more dangerous than aspirin
can ever be. For example, paracetamol is the most common drug in
suicide, as an overdose of it can irrevocably destroy the liver;
ibuprofen is known to cause heart attacks and other heart trouble.
Aspirin should not be taken on an empty stomach, so I recommend
to have some hot meat stock with fermented dairy (sour cream is the
best) prior to taking aspirin or with it. For children I recommend
getting soluble aspirin (the usual dose is a tiny tablet of 75mg);
dissolve one tablet in some camomile tea with a bit of honey. Give
some of this tea to your child fairly hot from a teaspoon; in small
children a few teaspoons can be enough to reduce high temperature
and make the child feel better. Alternatively, you can dissolve aspirin
in a cup of hot chicken stock and give it to your child the same way
as the chamomile tea. Keep your child wrapped up warm, let him or
her sleep as much as possible, and the cold will vanish quickly.
If you are working with an experienced homeopath, you can get
some remedies for colds, which can also be quite effective.

INSOMNIA

Is insomnia a common die-off response? Do you have any
recommendations for overcoming insomnia?

Many toxins coming from the activity of unhealthy gut flora disrupt
our neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters are chemicals
which brain cells use to communicate with each other, such as
serotonine, adrenalin, dopamine, melatonin, endorphins, etc. – there
are about a hundred neurotransmitters discovered so far. Die-off
releases more toxins than usual and, if a person has a problem with
neurotransmitter disruption already, then it will get worse. One of
the functions of neurotransmitters is regulation of sleep. Serotonine,
GABA and melatonin are the three neurotransmitters connected
with sleep and relaxation in particular, and it is a good idea to boost
their production with supplements, if insomnia is a problem. To
boost serotonine production we need an amino acid 5HTP (5-
hydroxytryptophan), for GABA we need taurine and glutamine.
These amino acids need co-factors to be converted into
neurotransmitters: niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, biotic, zinc,
magnesium, vitamin B1, vitamin B12 and pantothenic acid. There
are supplements on the market, which contain all these ingredients
with about 100mg of 5HTP, 500mg of glutamine and 500mg of
taurine. Always start with a low dose and build gradually; the
optimal dose is very individual. In many people just boosting
production of serotonine and GABA is enough to remedy insomnia.
If it is not enough, then try to add melatonin. Melatonin is produced
in the brain at night, however in order to produce it in the dark we
need a good dose of light during the day. Spending some time in
bright sunlight every day will boost your melatonin production (no
sunglasses, as the light needs to reach the brain through the eyes).
Supplements of melatonin are available ready made; start from a
low dose at bedtime (1-3 mg) and, if it is not making any difference,
slowly increase the dose.

INTRODUCTION DIET

Once the Introduction Diet is completed, is there a scenario where one
should go back on the GAPS Intro Diet?
Yes, there is, and not just one. People get tummy bugs, travel
diarrhea and other infections, which can damage the gut. People
have to take antibiotics or other drugs for various reasons, which
can throw you back quite a bit. Stressful situations in the family or
work can weaken the whole system and bring symptoms back.
Going back through the Introduction Diet helps to eliminate those
problems quickly and without any complications.

How long should you expect to be on the Introduction Diet? Is it
harmful to be on it for too long? What should individuals do who find
themselves stuck on a particular stage for an extended period of time?
It is very individual how long to stay on the Introduction Diet and

how quickly to move through it. Some people get through in
a matter of a few weeks, others take months. It depends on the
severity of the condition. Some people get through it and feel well
on the Full GAPS Diet, then something happens (an infection, a
stressful situation or an accident), and the person finds it necessary
to go back to the Introduction Diet for a while. As long as plenty of
good quality animal protein and fats are consumed and freshly
pressed juices, there is no harm in adhering to the Introduction Diet
long term. If you find yourself "stuck" on a particular stage, it
means that the pathogens in your gut need more than the diet and
probiotics. So, it makes sense to explore natural anti-parasitic and
anti-fungal/anti-bacterial remedies to bring the pathogens under
control. There are many good remedies on the market, such as
oregano, olive leaf extract, grapefruit seed extract and herbal mixes.
It is important to introduce natural remedies gradually, controlling
the die-off reaction; start with one remedy, then add others one by
one. Many people find that taking under control worms and other
parasites with natural remedies allows them to move on through the
Introduction Diet. Some people find relief with mainstream anti-
fungal, anti-parasitic and anti-bacterial medications. The trouble is
that drugs cannot be taken for long periods of time, as they are toxic
and have side effects. If they work, they may provide an immediate
relief but, when they are stopped, the problem may come back fairly
soon. Natural remedies can be taken for long periods of time
without harm, that is why it is a good idea to start with natural
remedies, continue taking them through the drug treatment and to
follow with the natural remedies when the drug has been stopped.

When should supplements be introduced during the Introduction Diet?
Which should be introduced first: probiotics, cod liver oil, fish oil,
nut/seed oils?

In the first two stages of the Introduction Diet I recommend not to
introduce any supplements, just introduce fermented foods. In a
small number of patients no fermented food can be tolerated, so for
these patients I recommend introducing a probiotic gradually
starting from a tiny dose. From the third stage, if fermented foods
have been successfully introduced, you can start introducing the
probiotic and the cod liver oil in tiny amounts, gradually increasing
the daily dose. When cod liver oil has been introduced (the full dose
is taken daily), introduce fish oils. When olive oil is being introduced,
you can introduce cold pressed nut/seed oils gradually with meals.
For those who started from the Full GAPS Diet, probiotics and cod
liver oil can be introduced from the beginning, starting from a tiny
amount and gradually increasing the dose. When cod liver oil has
been successfully introduced, start the fish oils and the nut/seed oils.

Some families report vomiting during the Introduction Diet as a die-off
reaction. Can you please address this issue and how families should
proceed?
Vomiting can be a sign of hypoglycaemia: as we cut out many

carbohydrates in a person with an overgrowth of yeast, it is easy for
the blood sugar to drop too low. In that case give your child some
apple or orange juice and see if it helps. Freshly pressed juice from
apple or orange with carrot is best, but if the situation is urgent use
a commercial juice. If this measure helps, then use this juice in as
small an amount as possible to remedy the nausea and vomiting,
when it happens (ice lollies or ice cubes, made in advance from
freshly pressed juice, may provide immediate help). In the long run
stick to the diet and make sure that your child has plenty of animal
fats: they will regulate the blood sugar level. Allow your child to eat
often and in small amounts (to graze) to keep the blood sugar steady,
rather than insisting on set meal times. As the die-off subsides, so
will the nausea and vomiting. Ginger tea is a known remedy for
nausea; use it as a drink between meals.

Since starting GAPS Intro 2 weeks ago I have noticed what looks like a
fine white powdery substance in my urine. There is not a large
quantity, but enough that it’s noticeable to me. A few of us on the
message board have had this symptom and I’d like to know if it is
something I should be concerned about or see my medical doctor for?

It would be a good idea to test your urine, when you notice this
powder in it, as it may be a number of things: calcium salts,
oxalates, protein complexes or something else. The important thing
to observe is how you are filling: if you feel well then probably there
is no need to worry. GAPS Introduction Diet initiates a clearout of
toxins from the body; these toxins can precipitate various salts in
urine and fall out as a white-looking powder.

How do patients progress if they only tolerate a very limited diet?
Food intolerances are due to damaged gut lining. If you cannot

introduce a particular food, it means that your gut lining is not
ready for it. Please read Food Allergy to learn more. It makes sense
to look at taking pathogens under control (please look at other FAQs
on this), because these pathogens may be interfering with the healing
process in the gut.

Why is carrot juice the first juice we need to tolerate before moving
forward with juicing? When can one introduce citrus juices?

Carrot juice is the basis of all juices - it is very therapeutic, gentle on
the gut lining and tasty. That is why it is introduced first. Orange or
grapefruit juice is quite acid and has other irritating substances in it,
that is why I recommend to introduce it on the Full GAPS Diet,
when quite a bit of healing has happened in the gut. A bit of fresh
lemon squeezed into a glass of water is usually tolerated well and can
be introduced earlier, as well as a little of raw cider vinegar added to
water. Just make sure that diarrhoea has cleared first.

Ketosis and GAPS. Is it induced via GAPS Introduction diet? Is it a
danger in doing GAPS Intro? Is it one and the same as die-off? How
to prevent it?

There is a popular myth that sugar is the main source of energy in
the body; this myth has been created by commercial companies
selling sugary foods and drinks, and by funded by them “research”.
Mainstream nutritional institutions are funded by food industry, so
they are the main propagators of this myth. Here is the truth: vast
majority of all cells in the body use fats as a source of energy: your
heart, your muscles, your inner organs, etc. Whenever fat is used as
a source of energy ketone bodies are created. There is no need to
fear ketosis, as we all have it now and then almost every day (it is
very different from diabetic ketosis, induced by non-functioning
pancreas). It is possible that during the Introduction diet there will
be periods of ketosis, but don’t worry about it as normally you
would not feel it at all. Eating vegetables will prevent ketosis. Ketosis
is not the same as die-off.

How long should it take on the GAPS diet for under eye darkness to
disappear? If one has completed the Introduction diet and darkness is
still there is this a sign that something was not done correctly?

Dark circles around eyes is a sign of toxicity and allergy. GAPS
programme is a journey, some people find that they get better
quickly, others need more time and other interventions, such as
chelation of heavy metals, neutralisation of allergies, etc. Consider
GAPS programme as a basis for your recovery, a foundation of your
health. For many people GAPS is all it takes to get well. For others,
after building the foundation, they have to build other structures on
top of it to get completely well.

How long should you expect to be on the diet before you notice
improvements? I know this can be very individual but is there an
amount of time where if you have not seen any improvements the diet
might not be right for you?

This is very individual and your choice. Give the diet 6 months, if
you do not see anything happening, try to stop it. Some of my
patients found that when they stopped the diet, they realised that it
was working!

JUICING

In the GAPS book you recommend juicing greens such as kale,
spinach and cabbage among other vegetables. However, it is my
understanding that some vegetables contain anti-nutrients, and should
thus be primarily consumed cooked (for example cooking spinach
reduces oxalate content). How is juicing such vegetables beneficial?

All foods contain anti-nutrients, plant and animal. The beautiful
thing is that spinach is not made from oxalates only: it contains
hundreds of other substances in a natural balance. Some of these
substances are known to prevent cancer and to clean the liver; if you
cook spinach these substances will be destroyed. We don’t make
juice just from spinach either, we add other fruit and vegetables, and
we can also add raw eggs and sour cream to the juice to balance it
further. It is all a matter of balance and personal sensitivity. If a
person has particular sensitivity to oxalates (burning urination for
example), then oxalate-containing foods need to be avoided until the
gut heals enough to be able to handle them. But if there is no such
sensitivity then there is no need to be afraid of spinach or cabbage or
broccoli or any other food just because some anti-nutrient has been
found there.

I find it too expensive at this point to be juicing for six people on the
diet. Is there any benefit in using non-organic veggies for juicing or
would it be better to skip the juicing because of the pesticides, etc? I
know organics are preferable, but until the summer, we can’t afford
the expense.

Organic produce in our supermarkets is expensive! But that is not
the only problem with it: most of this produce comes from large
industrial farms, which use exhausted soils. As a result their organic
fruit and vegetables may not contain pesticides, but they do not
contain much useful nutrition either. Non-organic fruit and
vegetables in the supermarkets are not as expensive as the organic
ones, but they are devoid of nutrition and full of pesticides, which in
reality makes them really expensive for your body. Supermarkets
are not a good place to buy fruit and vegetables. It is best to find
local produce, grown in people’s private gardens, allotments and
small farms. They may not be organic (though these producers do
not use much in a way of chemicals), but they will be rich in
minerals and other nutrients; and the price will be much lower.
Don’t worry if you are not juicing at the moment. Perhaps, next
summer you can find good local producers and stock up with
inexpensive, but nutrient-dense local fruit and vegetables.

KETOSIS

Ketosis and GAPS. Is it induced via GAPS Introduction diet? Is it a
danger in doing GAPS Intro? Is it one and the same as die-off? How
to prevent it?

There is a popular myth that sugar is the main source of energy in
the body; this myth has been created by commercial companies
selling sugary foods and drinks, and by funded by them “research”.
Mainstream nutritional institutions are funded by food industry, so
they are the main propagators of this myth. Here is the truth: vast
majority of all cells in the body use fats as a source of energy: your
heart, your muscles, your inner organs, etc. Whenever fat is used as
a source of energy ketone bodies are created. There is no need to
fear ketosis, as we all have it now and then almost every day (it is
very different from diabetic ketosis, induced by non-functioning
pancreas). It is possible that during the Introduction diet there will
be periods of ketosis, but don’t worry about it as normally you
would not feel it at all. Eating vegetables will prevent ketosis. Ketosis
is not the same as die-off.

LIVER & GALLBLADDER

What liver support would you recommend for GAPS patients? Many
patients report struggling with congested / toxic livers adding to
digestive problems such as constipation and fat digestion.

Please look at the question on gallstones. GAPS people usually have
lots of gallstones blocking the bile ducts. Without good flow of the
bile we cannot digest fats. Three measures over time will remove the
stones and restore normal bile flow. Juicing is one, particularly
apple, celery and green juices. Adding some herbs to your juices will
support the liver: fresh dandelion leaves, roots and flowers, burdock
leaves and a little ginger root. Coffee enemas are the number two:
this procedure makes the liver cleanse itself and flush the toxins out
through the bile, removing the stones at the same time. Third - good
amounts of fat in every meal: the fat stimulates the bile flow and
removes the bile stones on a daily basis. If initially you are unable to
digest fat, start from a small amount with every meal and gradually
increase: use both animal fats and cold pressed oils. In the initial
stages supplementing Ox Bile with every meal will help you to digest
fats (you should be able to find supplements of ox bile with some
additional digestive enzymes from most multi-supplement
companies). There are herbal supplements for liver support on the
market containing milk thistle, dandelion, phyllanthus, liquorice,
burdock and other herbs. It is important to complete the
Introduction Diet first before trying these supplements; it is also
very important to find a supplier of good quality organic herbs to
make sure that the herbs have not been grown in areas
contaminated with lead or other industrial pollution.

What effect does caustic bile have on inflammation in the gut? How
does one manage a situation whereby one cannot tolerate any die-off
or foods or supplements that have an impact on detox pathways
(sulphur, amines, salicylates, glutamate, etc), when their liver is
jammed and thus struggle to do any gut healing? Conversely if the
liver and gallbladder are supported, such that bile flow is improved,
how can one avoid or reduce the abrasive nature on the gut of toxic
bile?

Please, view FAQs on liver support, these will explain to you why
your liver may not be functioning well, and what to do in this
situation. If the person is eating enough fats with meals, the bile will
be handled properly by the gut, even if toxins are present in the bile.

LYME DISEASE

Many people are coming to the GAPS diet with or after having been
treated for Lyme disease. What are your recommendations for these
individuals?

I recommend that you follow the Introduction Diet. If you find it too
difficult, then implement the Full GAPS Diet first; you may be able
to do the Intro diet later. The standard treatment for Lyme disease
is antibiotics, lots of them. So, the gut flora in these people is
damaged and needs restoring.

NAUSEA & VOMITTING

What is your advice for those of us who suffer from nausea after
eating moderate amounts of fat with meals? What causes this and what
are the immediate and long-term remedies?

Please, read the sections on gallstones and liver. When you are
unable to release bile for fat digestion, you may feel nauseous and
find it difficult to digest fats. Take ox bile with your meals for a
while and introduce fats gradually. Eating fermented vegetables with
your meals, particularly at the beginning of your meals will also
help.
NUTRITION

Will the GAPS diet provide all the necessary minerals needed, even for
those with proven or suspected mineral deficiencies?
Mineral metabolism is complicated: it is not just a matter of intake

of minerals. To be absorbed, minerals require acids, which are
produced by healthy gut flora. To be utilised appropriately by the
body, minerals require fat soluble vitamins A, D and K. If a person
is deficient in those vitamins and suffers from gut dysbiosis, then no
matter how many mineral supplements he or she takes, and no
matter how rich in minerals the diet is, those minerals will not be
utilised appropriately. Another big issue is that the body accepts
organic minerals only in complex with protein and amino acids.
Many mineral supplements supply inorganic minerals, which the
body cannot utilise. Mineral water is not a good source of minerals
either, as it contains inorganic minerals and in tiny amounts. The
best source of minerals is natural good quality food: meats, organ
meats in particular, fish, eggs, fermented dairy, fermented or cooked
vegetables and fruit. Fresh food provides minerals in an organic
form packaged with amino acids and, in the case of animal foods, fat
soluble vitamins. Just make sure to buy good quality foods:
organically grown and from free-range animals, raised on natural
pasture. The GAPS program works at normalizing the gut flora, so
it can assist in absorption of minerals, and the GAPS diet provides
ample amounts of fat soluble vitamins to process them properly.
Some people find it helpful to supplement particular minerals for a
while, following testing. An excellent natural balanced source of all
minerals and trace elements is seaweed. It is illegal on SCD, on
GAPS I allow it to be introduced once severe digestive symptoms are
gone. [Seagreens seaweed products are the only certified organic
seaweed products available. Please go to the GAPSdiet online store
for more information.]

PARASITES & WORMS

Is the GAPS diet beneficial to someone who has the Blastocystis
parasite? The parasites like carbohydrates, so it seems that this is an
ideal diet to get rid of them. However, I hear that the blastocystis eat
and live on probiotics, so the fermented vegetables and probiotic
supplements could make the parasites thrive? What are your
recommendations for getting rid of blastocystis?

Blastocystis hominis is a protozoan, which we can get from food and
drink, other people or animals. In majority of people it causes no
problems, but in people with weakened immunity and abnormal gut
flora, it can cause diarrhoea, bloating, nausea, abdominal pain and
anal itching. Many other symptoms have been attributed to this
parasite as well. Mainstream treatment involves various antibiotics,
often combinations of them; but unfortunately there is no unified
effective treatment to eradicate it. I have stated my opinion on
parasites in other questions or worms and parasites: we all have
parasites in our digestive systems. They are a part of our gut flora,
so there is no need to fear them or to attack them without good
cause. Work on your gut flora using GAPS Programme, get it in
balance and all the micro-creatures there will control each other. If
you got an acute infestation with this parasite, then a short antibiotic
treatment may be helpful. In chronic cases antibiotics are usually of
no help; they will only damage your gut flora further.

You recommend Ovex for worms. Here in the USA it is available as
Vermox by Rx only. Can we use herbal preparations for worms? What
about tapeworms?

I recommend Mebendazole, 100mg (available in Europe as Ovex or
Pripsen) as an easy and quick option for common worms, like
hookworms, pinworms and some round worms. Take 2 tablets per
day (chew one in the morning and one in the evening) for 3 days,
repeat this course after 10-14 days to kill remaining eggs. Worms
generally are nearly impossible to eradicate, they almost always
come back. Herbal preparations work while you take them, but as
soon as you stop, these kinds of worms usually re-surface, as they do
after Ovex as well. The advantage of Ovex is that it works in 1-3
days, where herbal treatment takes months. Ovex does not address
tapeworms. Those are more difficult to remove and for those I
would recommend a medication to start with, then followed by
herbals. Generally speaking, we all have worms. The important
question is: are they affecting your health? If yes, then it is a good
idea to fight them. But if they do not bring any symptoms, then there
is no need to attack them, as they are a part your inner eco-system
and may fulfil some useful roles, such as regulating immunity and
preventing autoimmune disease. The typical symptoms of common
worms getting out of control are crampy pain in the middle of your
abdomen, particularly after food in the mornings, difficulty putting
weight on, persistent anaemia (usually hookworms) and bouts of
irritating dry cough (the larvae travel up the breathing passages into
the throat to be swallowed again).

Many GAPS patients are struggling to fight various forms of
parasites. What foods should be avoided to help starve the parasites,
such as a roundworm?
Processed carbohydrates, sugar and other processed foods feed

parasites. These foods are not allowed on the GAPS diet. However,
parasites are adaptable, if you deprive them of one food source, they
will use another. Generally speaking, worms and other parasites are
an inevitable part of life, everybody has them. In the majority of
people they cause no symptoms and, unless they cause problems,
there is no need to attack them. Worms may fulfill some useful
functions in the body by controlling other microbes and stimulating
immunity. For example, it has been discovered that some worms
have a balancing effect on the immune system and may prevent
autoimmunity.
For those with a history of worms, can Vermox be used preventatively?

Is it harmful to do 2-3 treatments a year?

Yes, it can be used preventatively 2-3 times a year.

Do fermented foods help fight parasites?
Fermented food introduce beneficial microbes into the body, which

will play their part in a very complex interaction of various micro-
creatures, who already live there. We do not know what exactly they
do, but in a clinical setting regular consumption of fermented foods
helps to eliminate digestive symptoms, caused by parasites.
For pet owners, while there are many benefits, should there be any
concerns about picking up parasites? Should any precautions be made
when living with pets?

Pets are wonderful: they provide an unconditional love for the whole
family, and they provide stimulation for the immune system. The
important thing is to have healthy pets, and in order to do that they
must be fed properly. Dogs and cats have not been designed to eat
grains or soy. Commercial pet foods are largely made out of grains
and soy; that is why, thanks to the commercial foods, our dogs and
cats get arthritis, autoimmune disease and cancer. On top of that
they get skin problems, such as dermatitis and eczema, shedding
allergy-causing dandruff. Feed your pets the way Nature has
designed them to eat, and you will never need to worry about your
pet’s health. Cats do best on raw meat with fat on it, raw milk, raw
fish and raw liver. An occasional leftover of cooked meat and fish
will do them no harm. Dogs do very well if you mix raw minced meat
(with good amounts of fat) with some finely chopped raw carrot and
live yoghurt. Raw eggs, raw milk and raw fish should also be a
regular part of their diet. Cod liver oil and fish oil are very good for
dogs, particularly in winter. Occasional cooked vegetables and meat,
left over from your dinner, will also do your dog no harm. You will
find that feeding your dog and cat that way will cost you less, than
buying commercial pet food, and you will save a fortune on vet’s
fees. Worm your dog or cat once every 6-8 months, and don’t worry
about parasites: we all have them and no less than our dogs or cats.

PREGNANCY & NURSING

Any special recommendations for pregnant women?

For pregnancy, the diet is very important. The birth canal also needs to
be prepared for birth by populating it with beneficial bacteria. To do
that, apply live yogurt or kefir on your genital area after you bathe,
particularly in the last trimester. Also apply kefir or yogurt on your
breasts and armpits. Every 2-3 weeks, insert 1-2 capsules of Bio-Kult in
the vagina at bedtime, particularly if there are any unpleasant symptoms
in that area.

The introduction diet is not recommended for pregnant and
breastfeeding mothers. For those women starting the diet at this stage,
should fermented dairy be avoided? Should these women follow the
long dairy introduction?

If you have been eating good quality dairy products before your
pregnancy, when starting the diet you do not have to go through the
Dairy Introduction Structure (p.121 in the new edition of the GAPS
book), just continue consuming fermented dairy products. If you
were not eating dairy products before, then it is a good idea to follow
the Dairy Introduction Structure, but introduce ghee and butter
straight away, as they will provide you and your baby with very
valuable nutrients. When ghee and butter are well tolerated,
gradually introduce homemade sour cream. After the sour cream
you can try to introduce full-fat cheese. It is the dairy fats you need
the most during pregnancy, so go for the high-fat dairy foods.

Should juicing be done by pregnant and nursing women?

Yes! To avoid any reactions, start slowly from small amounts of
juice per day and gradually increase. It is a good idea to balance
your juice with fat and protein by making GAPS milkshake: make a
juice from a mixture of fruit and vegetables, then whisk 1-2 raw
eggs into it and a generous dollop of homemade sour cream.

Do you recommend any special supplements during pregnancy? What
about a multivitamin?

During pregnancy the most important supplement is good food,
particularly natural animal fats, meats, fermented dairy, eggs and
liver. These foods will provide fat-soluble vitamins, all B vitamins,
lots of folic acid and all other essential nutrients. Add good quality
vegetables and fruit, a bit of seaweed, and you will have everything
you need. Eating liver daily is particularly important in pregnancy;
for example, it is still traditional in France and Belgium to give
pregnant women liver pâté on a daily basis. It is best to eat
fermented foods daily, but if you cannot eat them for whatever
reason, take a commercial probiotic. If you are not eating enough
high-fat animal foods, take good quality cod liver oil. Spend at least
3 hours per day in the fresh air in the sun. Sunbathe, if possible; the
sun will provide you with plenty of vitamin D and many other
benefits. We are all bombarded by marketing of various
supplements; women produced healthy babies for millennia without
any supplements, just by eating well, sleeping well and spending
most of their days outdoors.

I understand the dangers of doing Intro while nursing. Do you have
any advice on what to do if eating the full GAPS diet (nuts, dairy, eggs,
coconut oil, etc) causes reactions in the Mother? Do these not get
passed on in the breast milk as well, and cause reactions in the baby, if
the baby is also intolerant to them?

Yes, this is a serious concern. That is why it is best to do the
programme before conception. But of course life is not planned and
predictable, and some women have to start the diet while pregnant
or nursing. Just do your best to keep your gut working well by
eating homemade soups and stews made with meat stock every day.
Make sure to eat plenty of animal fats. Avoid raw nuts, soak them
overnight in salty water and use them in baking – this way they are
easier to digest. If you are reacting badly to certain foods, then avoid
them. Limiting fibre in your diet, which means limiting raw plant
foods, will reduce food intolerances and reactions. You can have all
the benefits of raw fruit and vegetables making juices from them.
Eat your vegetables well-cooked as a soup or stew. Concentrate
largely on eating animal foods (meat, fat, eggs, organ meats, fish,
high-fat dairy), as they are easy to digest, and they provide
concentrated amounts of nutrition for you and your baby. If you are
eating dairy, concentrate on having high-fat products, such as butter
and ghee, sour cream and natural creamy cheese.

RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME

Can Restless Leg Syndrome be helped with GAPS?

Yes! This unpleasant condition is due to lack or abnormal
metabolism of magnesium in the body; often both are involved. Just
supplementing magnesium may not help, as the toxins in the body
interfere in its functions. Nevertheless, try to supplement magnesium
and continue with the GAPS programme, which over time will
remove toxins from your body and improve magnesium functions.
Another thing to consider is dentistry: though your legs seem to be
far away from your teeth, the restless leg syndrome is often caused
by metals in your mouth (in dental fillings, bridges and crowns).
Nickel, gold, silver, titanium and of course amalgam can create a
condition, called oral galvanism. Simply put, oral galvanism is like
having an active electric battery in your mouth, with currents
between different teeth. The electricity in your mouth is picked up
by your nervous system, causing very unpleasant symptoms far
removed from the teeth, such as in your legs, arms and elsewhere. A
good environmental dentist will be able to measure electric currents
in your mouth.

SCD (SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATE DIET)

SCD vs GAPS?
As I explain in my book Gut and Psychology Syndrome, GAPS has

evolved from SCD. When my book was first written, Elaine
Gottschall read it and was very complementary about it. We never
met, but we corresponded regularly and I would say, that we had a
professional friendship. It is up to every individual to decide what is
right for him or her: SCD or GAPS. I have many patients who used
to be on SCD, and then switched on to GAPS with good results.
Also GAPS is not just a diet, it is a Nutritional Programme.

SUPPLEMENTS & VITAMINS

Can Bio-Kult be given to infants?

Probiotics are safe at any age. New born children get their first dose
as they emerge through the vaginal canal and further inoculations
from sticking dirty fingers into their mouth. The dose needed for an
infant is basically enough to get through the stomach - 1 or 2
capsules daily is probably enough in most cases. You can't overdose
- you just won't get any extra benefit from giving more than is
needed and it will cost more! [Please consult your healthcare
practitioner before giving any supplements to infants.]

Who should take Betaine HCl with Pepsin?
Not everyone should take Betaine HCl right from the beginning,
particularly children. In many GAPS people, stomach lining can be
too sensitive to tolerate it. Usually for children it is not
recommended at the beginning at all; later on if there is excessive
burping after food, which will indicate low stomach acid, it may be
introduced. In adults, it is recommended for people with excessive
burping. You may want to introduce the Betaine after the meal, (not
at the beginning as it usually indicates on the label) to avoid burning
the stomach. When a good amount of healing has taken place, the
person can start taking it at the beginning of the meal.

Is castor oil recommended?
Not routinely. An overnight application of castor oil on the

abdomen of the person, covered with a hot towel and a hot water
bottle can be helpful in cases of chronic constipation. Some
chronically constipated people find it helpful internally.

Is colloidal silver safe and do you recommend to use it?

No, I do not. Silver accumulates in the body: people, who take it for
long periods of time get a grey skin colour. It is a very old antiseptic;
it was proposed around the same time when mercury was used as an
antiseptic. It is indiscriminate in attacking the microbes: it attacks
the good and the bad, just like antibiotics do.

Are there any specific recommendations for a good seed/nut oil blend?
You do not have to find an exact ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 in the

oil, just make sure that it is pure and good quality and has more
omega-3 fatty acids in it, than omega-6 (we get quite a lot of omega-
6 from nuts).

Aloe Vera and Seaweed?
These products should be avoided by those with severe digestive

issues. Once your digestive system is fairly healed through the
GAPS protocol, Aloe Vera and Seaweed can be slowly introduced if
desired.
Is nutritional yeast GAPS legal?
Yes, some species of yeast are allowed, providing that the person is
not allergic to it, as some people with yeast overgrowth can be.
Kefir contains yeast species (which are recommended for the
majority of patients) and in many patients S. boulardii
is recommended as a supplement, which is also yeast.

If an individual seems to be sensitive to one of the recommended
supplements, how should you proceed? Many people report having
difficulties with cod liver oil.

There are several reasons for why a supplement may disagree with
you (providing that the supplement is of good quality and works at
all). It may cause a detox / healing reaction, which in the long run
may be better for you, but at the moment is too severe. In the case of
probiotics it may be a die-off reaction. Or it may be just unsuitable
for your health condition or constitution. Strictly speaking
supplements are not 100% essential; it is the GAPS diet that will do
the work for you. So, if a supplement is causing a serious reaction,
just stop it and give all your attention to the diet for a few months.
Then, when your digestion is considerably better and you feel that a
particular supplement may be of help now, try it again, starting
from a tiny dose. Cod liver oil, other fish oils and evening primrose
oil may be problematic for people with seizures, tics, Tourette and
other involuntary movements. We don’t know why: whether some
healing restructuring of the brain gets initiated by these oils or some
other mechanism is at work, but the seizures can get worse; so, it is
a good idea to avoid these oils in people with involuntary
movements. With probiotics: control the die-off by starting from a
very small dose and increasing the dose very gradually. If no
amount of probiotic can be tolerated, then work on fermented foods
first as part of the diet. It is a good idea with all supplements to start
from a small dose and build the dose up gradually, observing your
body. We are all different, we all have unique physiology; a
supplement that worked for your friend is not necessarily going to
work for you the same way.

Is Bentonite Clay GAPS legal and is it recommended?
No, it is not recommended to use bentonite clay, particularly when

digestive symptoms are present. When you have been on the Full
GAPS Diet for a while and your digestive symptoms are gone, then
you can experiment with nutritional supplements and remedies (such
as bentonite clay), if you feel that they may be helpful to you.

How should S boulardii be dosed when used for candida?

Always start from a small dose and gradually increase it to a
therapeutic level, stay on this level for 3-4 months, then gradually
reduce to none. For an adult the therapeutic dose is usually 4-5
billion live cells per day. For a child use smaller doses depending on
the age of the child: 3-5 years of age the dose is 1 billion live cells
per day, for 6-11 years of age 2 billion per day, for older children 3-
4 billion per day. I would not use S boulardii with children younger
than 3, it is better to use homemade kefir for these children. It is
important to always combine S boulardii with other probiotics, as it
should not be allowed to dominate in the gut. Based on my
experience, I would not use S boulardii permanently, only as a
course. On a long term basis it is better to use kefir, which contains a
group of beneficial yeasts as well as bacteria.

I was able to get to the therapeutic probiotic dose in a matter of days
and have not seen any sign of die-off. What does this mean?

It may mean that your body compensates well for various toxins and
your liver is processing them well. Or it may mean that you are not
processing your sensory input well. We are all different: some of us have
acute senses and react to the smallest pain quite dramatically; others are
able to tolerate quite a lot of discomfort without much reaction. Many
GAPS people have a high threshold of pain, which is particularly
pronounced in some autistic children: they can hurt themselves quite
badly and show no reaction, as they do not feel the pain the way they
should.

I have read that prolonged use of magnesium citrate tablets/capsules
can cause the body to become lazy and that peristalsis will stop? Do
you agree with this theory? I was taking roughly 1,000mg at night to
help me sleep and so I would have a bowel movement in the morning.
After reading about peristalsis I quit taking magnesium citrate. I am
finally having daily bowel movements without it, but now I wake up 4
to 5 times during the night and my blood sugar seems higher. I would
like to add this supplement back in but I am hesitant?

I would not recommend taking any supplement on a permanent
basis. It is better to have magnesium in food form in fruit and
vegetables: oranges and other citrus fruit, greens, natural local
apples, etc or juices made from them (drinking a green juice first
thing in the morning will regulate your bowel). Nuts are usually rich
in magnesium. If you are not eating sugar or any other processed
carbohydrates, then your body will handle magnesium well without
loosing it. To sleep better you may try other approaches, for example
try to boost your serotonin production by taking 5HTP supplement
for a while. Try to take melatonin for a while. Try some herbs, such
as valerian and hops. Spirulina will help with both bowel movements
and sleep.

Some people advise the use of hydrogen peroxide to get rid of the bad
gut flora. Would that be a good idea? Could it help GAPS patients?

The short answer is yes. However, due to taste and immediate die-off
it is far from easy to take hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and in my
experience vast majority of people, having tried it, simply cannot do
it. You need 35% food grade H2O2, which you can get in some
health food stores. It is recommended that you start from a few
drops per glass of water on an empty stomach once or twice daily,
and gradually increase the concentration by adding one more drop
at a time. Once consumed H2O2 breaks into water and free oxygen,
which is considered to be the most deadly agent on this planet for
any microbe. People with GERD, reflux and other stomach problems
may find it helpful to take H2O2 on an empty stomach, because their
problems are largely due to yeast overgrowth in the stomach. After
initial die-off, as the stomach becomes more sterile, the symptoms
may clear. It is essential to use only food grade H2O2, as other
preparations may have chemicals added to stabilise it. I don’t
routinely recommend hydrogen peroxide, as it is quite harsh and can
cause a very serious die-off reaction.
Does diatomaceous earth help the digestive system?

I have no experience with this substance and cannot comment.

Do you recommend or support the use of activated charcoal, clay or
vitamin C for detox use during die-off?

Yes, many people try these remedies and find that they help.

What is your opinion on EMs (Effective Micro-organisms)?

EM concept is very similar to what we understand about gut flora: it
is a complex world of various microbes living side-by-side and
affecting each other, as well as the host. The original development of
the concept is attributed to a Japanese Professor Teruo Higa. The
EM formulas are mixtures of various bacteria and fungi; originally
they were used in silage preparation in farming. Now there are
many various proprietary formulas on the market under the name
of EM. Professor Higa classified the microbes in any natural eco-
system into three groups: beneficial, negative and opportunistic.
Exactly the same classification exists for human gut flora. EMs aim
at boosting the beneficial microbes in order to keep the system
healthy. So, any multi-strain probiotic can be considered an EM, as
it is a mixture of beneficial microbes.

recommended?

have to go slowly.
Does the acidity of certain supplements, for example Betaine HCl or

vitamin C in the form of ascorbic acid cause any irritation to the gut?

Yes, it does! That is why these supplements need to be taken
carefully and only when they are needed. Take Betaine HCl only
with main meals when fats and meats in the meal will bind it. Don’t
take Betaine HCl permanently, it is a temporary measure. In the
long run restore your normal stomach acid production with cabbage
juice, sauerkraut and other fermented cabbage recipes. I generally
do not recommend ascorbic acid as it is an irritant to the gut lining.
GAPS diet provides plenty of vitamin C in the food form
(particularly when juicing is introduced). If you wish to take a
supplement, it is better to have vitamin C in a whole natural form,
such as acerola cherry powder.

Will natural remedies such as grapefruit seed extract and oregano oil
kill the good bacteria like antibiotics do?

Yes, they will. That is why they need to be used only in certain cases,
when the overgrowth of a particular pathogen, such as candida,
warrants its use. While attacking candida with these remedies, keep
adding beneficial bacteria to the gut in the form of both fermented
foods and a good quality probiotics.

Are tinctures of digestive aids such as ginger or mugwort GAPS
allowed?

Yes, as long as they do not contain sugar or any other non-allowed
ingredients. Alcohol is commonly used as a preservative in tinctures,
which is OK: as tinctures are taken in minute amounts the dose of
alcohol is insignificant.

I have been recommended to try bitters. Are they GAPS legal?

Many bitters contain sugar and other ingredients added. So, read
the ingredients list carefully: if it contains only herbs then try it. It is
a strong alcoholic beverage and should be consumed in very small
amounts after food.

TEETH
Why do some GAPS patients experience tooth discoloration and hair

loss?
Tooth discoloration and hair loss are very rare in GAPS patients,
and usually happen in very toxic people, particularly people with
metal toxicity. Hair and teeth are those places where the body often
stores toxins in. Many things happen in the body, as the GAPS
program is initiated. We don't know what happens exactly, but it is
possible that the hair, full of toxins, get dropped by the body to
allow new "clean" hair to grow. With teeth: I have seen autistic
children who had their permanent teeth growing with black spots
imbedded in them. One particular boy displayed noticeable
improvements in his autism in the weeks following the removal of
the black spot by the dentist. It is possible that his body had stored
mercury from vaccinations or some other toxins in the growing
tooth. We don't know what happens exactly, but it is likely that the
detoxification initiated by the GAPS Nutritional Protocol starts
shifting the toxins around, which may be the cause of tooth
discoloration in the initial stages. In the long run, however, your
child is likely to grow beautiful whit teeth, as I have seen in so many
GAPS children.

Does over-consumption of nuts and seeds cause tooth decay?
The GAPS diet does not equate to eating nuts only, it is a varied
balanced diet. I have not seen any tooth decay with GAPS diet, just
the opposite. I have children in my clinic, who had terrible problems
with milk teeth, but once on GAPS Nutritional Programme they
grow beautiful healthy permanent teeth. I remember one child, who
had 11 filling put into his milk teeth at the age of four, as his tooth
decay was terrible. He went on GAPS Programme at the age of five
and now, at the age of 12, he has the most beautiful smile with white,
perfectly shaped, healthy teeth.
Should any precautions be taken when dental work is needed? Is it

possible for cavities to resolve on their own with the GAPS diet? What
if a root canal is recommended?

Please, look inside your mouth and consider a question: how many
functional teeth you would have left if it wasn’t for the modern
dentistry? For many people the answer is going to be: not many!
Yes, root canals are not ideal, but I am sure you know many people
with quite a few root canals in their teeth, who are functioning
perfectly well and can be considered healthy. It all depends on the
balance of things in the body: if your immunity is strong and well
nourished, it will keep your root canals and other places of chronic
infection under control. So, keep your immune system well nourished
with animal fats, probiotics and good quality homemade food.
I would recommend working with your dentist to use the least toxic
alternatives, but if the root canal is recommended then you will
probably have to have it. I do not know anybody whose root canals
resolved on their own. Try to find a holistic dentist, there aren’t
many of them, but if we all start demanding it, more dentists will
have to get trained to become holistic. Eat well prior to the
treatment and sleep well, avoid late nights or alcohol. Do the same
after the treatment. Taking some natural vitamin C (such as acerola
cherry) for a few days prior to treatment and after it is helpful.

THYROID

If one has hypothyroidism, should they be concerned about the
goitrogenic properties of cabbage when it comes to eating sauerkraut?
If so, how much would be an acceptable amount? I have
hypothyroidism and generally drink three tablespoons of sauerkraut
juice prior to each meal. I take medication for hypothyroidism; will
sauerkraut juice suppress my thyroid function?

Three tablespoons of sauerkraut juice will not suppress your thyroid
function; I have never seen such effect in my patients. I have not
found any studies on this subject, but during fermentation many
substances in the cabbage change, so it is possible that the
goitrogenic substances may have been destroyed.

In addition to the GAPS diet, to support a weak thyroid (hypothyroid),
is careful supplementation with Lugol solution acceptable or would
this be discourages?

Many people are deficient in iodine, which is essential for thyroid
function. Every one of us has a unique individual need for iodine, so
the standard daily recommended allowances are usually not helpful.
To test if your body needs iodine (and to supplement it) paint a
patch the size of your hand on your skin using Lugol solution or an
iodine tincture. The solution will colour that patch of your skin
brown. If in 24 hours the brown colour has disappeared (which
means that iodine got absorbed through the skin), then your body is
deficient in iodine. If you are on the GAPS introduction diet, you can
supplement iodine by taking the Lugol solution or by painting the
brown patch on your skin every day (choose a different patch of the
skin every time). If you are on the Full GAPS diet and your digestion
is OK, introduce seaweed: there are many supplements of kelp on
the market or other high-iodine varieties of seaweed (such as
knotten wrack seaweed or askophyllum nodosum) [Please view the
Seagreens products at our online store]. Eating seaweed (or taking it
as a supplement) is the best way to supply your body with iodine
long-term. To work out what dose of seaweed you need, keep using
the skin test while gradually increasing your daily dose of seaweed.

VERTIGO

Is vertigo common in GAPS patients? Will it improve on the GAPS
programme?

Yes! Vertigo happens in many GAPS people because of toxicity in
the brain altering the sensory perception. Another problem for these
people is overproduction of histamine (many pathogenic species of
microbes in the gut produce histamine). Excessive release of
histamine drops the blood pressure down and causes vertigo,
dizziness and fainting episodes. GAPS programme will change the
gut flora, reduce histamine production and reduce the toxins
reaching the brain.

WARTS

After over a year of being gone, my warts have come back on the
GAPS diet. How do you suggest handling these?

In my experience it is due to the general pH shift in the body: when
we get too alkaline, warts and other viral infections thrive; when we
get too acid, yeast thrives. To shift your pH try to avoid fruit,
particularly citrus, nuts and chocolate for a while and see if that
makes a difference. When warts appear, use a standard topical
salicylic acid preparation (it is sold in pharmacies under different
brands around the world). 35% food grade hydrogen peroxide also
works well of fresh warts (apply a drop and let it dry; keep applying
twice a day until the wart is gone). Old protruding warts are best
tied-off: use a strong cotton or silk thread, make a loop and tie it
tightly on the neck of the wart; the thread will stop the blood supply
to the wart, so it will dry and fall off in a few days (to speed the
process up you can apply 35% hydrogen peroxide to this wart as
well).

WATER

How much water should be consumed? Should anything be added to
the water?
Water should be drunk between meals, as too much water with

meals interferes with digestion. With meals I recommend to drink
meat stock with some sauerkraut juice or homemade yogurt/kefir,
adults can have a glass of dry red wine. The meat stock and the wine
are good digestives. I do not believe in commonly published
recommendations, which state that everyone should drink 1.5-2.5
liters of water every day. The water requirement changes from day
to day, depends on what the weather is like, how we feel on that
particular day and what activities we undertake. Your body will tell
you how much water you need on any given day by making you feel
thirsty. If you are not thirsty, there is no need to force those litres of
water down yourself, despite what popular books may say. A lot of
thirst is a sign of too much acidity in the body; many toxins are
acids. Water will only dilute the acids; you may drink lots of water
and still feel thirsty. That is why it is important to take steps to
alkalize your body: a 1/2 teaspoon of natural unprocessed salt added
to water, a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar, a piece of lemon
squeezed into water, eating a fresh rip apple or a fresh juicy carrot,
drinking freshly pressed vegetable/fruit juice will alkalize your body
and quench the thirst more effectively, than just drinking water.

WEIGHT

I seem to be gaining weight specifically in my hips, thighs and even my
calves. It seems like it may be fluid retention, especially in my calves.
What could be causing this? Is there anything I should do? If it is not
fluid, why would I be gaining so much fat in these certain areas?

It is natural for women to lay fat on their thighs and hips. In our
modern world it became fashionable for women to look like little
boys: with narrow hips and small bottoms. This is not normal. So, it
is possible that your body is re-structuring itself into feminine shape
you are meant to have. Swollen calves are a different matter: this is
likely to be water retention, which is usually due to toxicity in the
body. Try to do a few coffee enemas to clear your liver, and start
juicing. Make sure to add plenty of greens to your juices: dandelion,
dill, stingy nettles, coriander, parsley, ship sorrel and sage (add these
greens to a nice sweet tasting juice from a mixture of carrots, apples,
pineapples, a little celery and beetroot; then add 2 raw eggs and
some sour cream, whisk and enjoy). Apart from helping you to
detoxify, the juices will boost your minerals to assist the kidneys in
water removal.

After reading your book about dietary fat, cooking fats, and toxins
stored in body fats, I now am wondering what your understanding of
belly fat on individuals is?

Fat is the preferred source of energy for most of the cells and organs
in the human body. Body fat is stored energy. There are two main
depots of energy in the body: under skin fat and visceral fat (belly
fat).

Under skin fat is an endocrine organ producing certain hormones
essential for human physiology, such as leptin, resistin and cytokine
TNF alpha. Women normally have more under skin fat than men, as
female hormones lay the foundation for feminine fat storage on hips,
breasts, buttocks and thighs, giving women their beautiful shape.
Male hormones favour storage of under skin fat on the upper body,
giving men their masculine shape. Regular consumption of sugar,
flour and other processed carbohydrates alters hormonal balance in
the body: that is why nowadays we see many women with male-type
bodies and many men with feminine looking bodies.

Belly fat is largely a storage space for quick energy: this energy is
stored inside the abdomen around inner organs: intestines, bowel,
stomach, liver, kidneys, etc. Normal amounts of visceral fat are
essential to support and insulate our inner organs. Processed
carbohydrates in the body are quickly converted into fat. Some of
this fat is stored under skin, which has a limited storage capacity.
But if the carbohydrates keep coming, excessive fat is largely stored
in the abdomen. Alcohol is a form of energy, which is quickly
converted into fat and stored almost exclusively in the abdomen,
giving the person a “pregnant” look. Fat attracts water: almost a
quarter of belly fat tissue can be stored water. Men (and women)
who drink too much alcohol regularly without consuming too much
carbohydrates have large, hard-to-touch bellies with very little
under skin fat – a “pregnant” belly; a belly full of fat and water.
Men and women who indulge in both (too much alcohol and
processed carbohydrates) will have large hard bellies and too much
fat stored under skin as well.

The obesity epidemic is caused by processed carbohydrates which
came to dominate our modern diets. Natural animal fats (butter and
fats in eggs, meat and fish) balance our hormones and go into our
bodily structure. Unfortunately, our modern diet is very low in these
nourishing fats. Eating lots of carbohydrates while depriving your
body of essential-to-life animal fats lead to obesity, diabetes, heart
disease, cancer, auto immunity and most other modern plagues.

Am I going to lose weight on the GAPS diet? I am already underweight
and find it very difficult to gain weight.

Regular consumption of grains and processed carbohydrates causes
water retention in the body. As you stop consuming these foods, you
will loose that excess water and hence loose some weight, which
usually happens in the first few weeks. Without the water retention
you will get to your real weight and size, which will show you the
real extend of your malnutrition. As you follow the GAPS nutritional
protocol your digestive system will start absorbing foods properly
and nourishing you; you will start building dense bones, healthy
muscles and other tissues and organs and gaining weight as a result.
You may remain fairly slim for the rest of your life (as it may be
your constitution), but you will become strong, vibrant and full of
energy.

I have been steadily losing weight for many months and I feel like I do
not look healthy. What suggestions do you have for patients losing too
much weight?

Please view the answer above to "Am I going to loose weight on the
GAPS diet? I am already underweight and find it very difficult to
gain weight. "

WOMEN ISSUES & HORMONES
Is PMS a sign of digestive issues? Can the GAPS diet help with
common infertility issues such as endometriosis and PCOS? Some
women report irregularities and loss of menstruation during die-off. Is
this cause for any concern?

Digestive system is always involved in PMS, PCOS, endometriosis
and other hormonal abnormalities: toxins produced by unhealthy
gut flora interfere in the delicate balance of hormones in the body -
some hormones become low or insufficient, other hormones become
excessive. When the die-off is initiated, more toxins are released into
the bloodstream, so your typical hormonal symptoms these toxins
cause, become more acute. Indeed the menstruations may become
irregular and PMS may get worse. Die-off is temporary, so these
symptoms will pass. Just keep them under control by gradual
introduction of probiotics, fermented foods and food items, which
you may be sensitive to. I do not specialise in infertility or other
female reproductive problems, but I have many patients, who
started the GAPS Programme, and their first symptoms to go were
symptoms of PMS. More chronic conditions such as endometriosis
and PCOS take longer to remedy, but GAPS Programme works well
for many women with these conditions as well. In order to make
steroid hormones (and all sex hormones are steroids) we need plenty
of cholesterol and animal fats. So, for all these conditions it is
essential to have high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, where main
sources of fat are animal products: meats, eggs, fish, butter and
cream. Women, who are trying to conceive, should consume 2 cups
of homemade sour cream per day, as well as 4 fresh eggs and plenty
of fatty meats and fish. As the gut flora becomes more normal and
the gut wall heals, the toxins will disappear, and your hormonal
system will come back to normal balance.

Is it realistic for me to think that GAPS could help my body naturally
increase its progesterone level?

Yes, GAPS programme will re-balance your hormones to normal
production. Progesterone has to be balance by other hormones, and
only your body knows how to do that and in what proportions. Try
not to interfere in this process by taking any hormonal preparations:
drugs or natural.

Can your spouse pass bad bacteria to you? Should any precautions be
taken? My husband will not follow the diet and I know he has gut
issues and I am trying to heal my own issues.

We all pass microbes to each other on contact. But, if we live in fear
of that, then our lives will be very difficult. Mother Nature gave us
immune systems in order to deal with microbes. As long as we keep
our immunity strong there is no need to worry about who we are in
contact with. I would not want you to banish your husband out of
the house in order for you to heal. Just work on boosting your
immunity and his: maybe he will agree to take probiotics and cod
liver oil capsules? If both of you increase animal fat consumption
with your meals, then your immunity will be stronger and more able
to deal with invaders.
Should any precautions be taken when choosing feminine care

products?

We need to be very careful with all personal care products! Please,
read about it in the Detoxification chapter in my book. It is
particularly dangerous to use any personal products in the groin. I
recommend that women wash themselves with water only without
using any soap, and never put any chemicals in that area. Apply
your homemade yoghurt or kefir all over your groin after a bath or
a shower to populate that area with beneficial flora. Once the good
microbes are there, they will not allow any pathogens in. It is
particularly important for pregnant women to do this, as they will
pass their vaginal flora to their babies at birth. The best thing to put
on your child’s nappy area is your homemade sour cream. If there is
allergy to dairy, then use any cold pressed oil (olive oil, coconut oil,
etc) or animal fat (lamb fat, pork fat, goose fat, etc).

My doctor recommends that I avoid meat and dairy to help
endometriosis, because meat and dairy contain oestrogens. What
should I do?

Just like us, all animals produce natural hormones, these hormones
are present in all animal foods (meats, fish, eggs and dairy) and are
of no concern to human physiology. We have been exposed to these
hormones for millions of years in our diet and our bodies know how
to deal with them: they just get digested and assimilated like any
other protein. The mainstream recommendation to avoid meats and
dairy is misguided and is not based on any reliable scientific
evidence. In order to have healthy reproductive systems women must
avoid xenoestrogens (synthetic oestrogens), which come from
personal care products, contraceptive pill, HRT, many other drugs,
many man-made chemicals in the environment, and processed
foods; they disrupt our normal hormonal balance and can cause
infertility, endometriosis, PMS and other reproductive problems. It
is unfortunate that doctors give women no advice on avoiding
xenoestrogens, instead they recommend to replace meat with soya,
which is full of xenoestrogens.
Is henna safe as a hair die?
I am not aware of any research to why natural henna without any

additives should not be safe. It is an herb, which has been used for
millennia by people in India and other countries as a natural remedy
for scalp problems, dermatitis and dandruff. The fact that it also
dies your hair is a mere side effect and can be used as a bonus.
MISCELLANEOUS/OTHER

Is there any validity to metabolic typing?

There is no doubt that we are all different genetically. Some of us
come from northern stock, where for millennia meat and fish were
the staples. Some come from southern stock, where more fruit and
grains were consumed. Some come from areas where dairy have
been a staple for thousands of years, some have no tolerance of dairy
and their predecessors never consumed milk. No matter what diet
you are trying to follow, you have to find your own personal comfort
zone in terms of ratio of different foods. The important point is to
eat foods freshly prepared at home, as none of us on this planet has
evolved to eat modern processed foods.
In the Metabolic Typing you have to identify, what type you belong
to: “protein type”, “carbo type” or a “mixed type”. What doesn’t
seem to have been taken into account is the fact that apart from
genetics our state of health is important to take into consideration.
Many people in this world are addicted to sugar and other processed
carbohydrates and have many health problems due to that. Their
personality reflects their poor health and sugar addiction, so they
may mistakenly identify themselves as “the carbo type” in Metabolic
Typing. Regardless of what type you decided you belong to, you have
to start from a low carbohydrate diet and then slowly proceed from
that introducing carbohydrates. If you are addicted to sugar and
have candida overgrowth, in this initial stage you will suffer from
die-off and hypoglycaemia, which will make you feel very unwell. So
many people with these problems just decide that they are the
“carbo type” and revert back to their high carbohydrate diet with
all the processed foods and sugar. Get yourself well first with the
GAPS type diet, then your healthy instincts will come back and you
will be able to find your comfort zone.

Can broth / soups worsen digestion by diluting gastric juices during
meals? If liquids worsen bloating during meals what would you
advise?

Meat stock with some sauerkraut juice added (or freshly pressed
cabbage juice) stimulate stomach acid production and generally are
a good digestive. Drinking it 10-15 minutes before your meal, rather
than with the meal, will help you to produce stomach acid and
prepare for the coming meal.

Do you recommend kinesiology for testing the suitability of
supplements?

Energy testing, such as kinesiology, relies heavily on the skill of the
practitioner and may not be 100% accurate. The reaction your body
may produce on testing can reflect the die-off or detox. So, testing
may confuse you. To succeed in the programme you need
commitment and determination, so anything that plants doubt in
your mind may not be too helpful.

Which method of eating is least stressful to the body, small meals
regularly or three or less square meals?

Small regular meals are better for people with blood sugar
problems, such as GAPS people. If you include plenty of animal fat
into every meal, then your blood sugar level will by steady through
the day. If you work and cannot eat all the time, then snack on raw
butter mixed with a little of raw honey to taste (take a jar with you
to work or have it in the car). You can also snack on coconut oil and
fresh nuts (when your gut is ready for nuts). For healthy people
without blood sugar problems, it is a good idea to get hungry before
their main meals, so snacking is not recommended for them.

I’ve heard from a recent talk you did that we should have a minimum
of 40% of our diet as fat. Is this 40% calories, or volume?

This was probably said in a particular context. It is simply wrong to
try and calculate composition of your meals, or calculate when you
should eat and how much. These things need to be done instinctively,
from the signals your body’s biology gives you, as your body has
infinitely more wisdom about what it needs, than our mind and
intelligence will ever calculate. Nobody in this world can tell how
much protein your body needs at any particular moment of your life,
or how much fat, or how much magnesium, or calcium, or zinc, or
how much sleep, or how much sunshine! Only your body knows that,
so listen to your body. Your bodily requirements change all the time,
depending on what you are doing, what the weather is like and what
state of health you are in. If it is cold and damp, and you feel run
down, your body will need lots of fat and protein, so eat a hot rich
meal (a stew or a roast). If the weather is hot and you feel hot and
dry, a stew is the last thing you may want to eat; you may want a
salad with some light meat or fish. Food needs to be enjoyable and
appropriate for your body’s requirements at every meal; and the
way your body tells you what it needs is by creating desires. Every
time ask yourself: what do I really fancy to eat now? And your body
will come up with an answer immediately, including how fatty this
food should be.
You talk about the path that GAPS children often follow leading to
drug use. Do you have any advice for a GAPS-child-now-adult trying
to heal from extensive drug use?

The basis for addictive behaviour is blood sugar abnormalities. It is
the swinging blood sugar levels that create lack of neurotransmitters
in the brain (dopamine in particular) and desire to boost them with
an addictive substance or behaviour. It is imperative for these people
to keep their blood sugar at a normal level all the time. The way to
do it is by consuming fat at frequent regular intervals! The best fats
are raw butter, coconut oil or any animal fat. They need to be
consumed every 20-30 minutes throughout the day. In the initial
stages, when sugar cravings are strong, here is what I recommend:
mix raw butter with some raw honey to taste (not much, just enough
to please your taste buds), put this mixture into a glass jar and carry
it with you everywhere. Eat 2-3 tablespoons every 20-30 minutes,
even more often if the sugar cravings are bad. Raw honey in the
butter will help to restore low blood sugar instantly, improve the
taste of butter and add enzymes which help to digest the fat. In
parallel carry another jar with you with coconut oil and eat that as
well at regular intervals. With meals and snacks eat plenty of animal
fats. Follow the GAPS diet strictly; it will restore your normal
production of neurotransmitters naturally, and remove addictive
behaviour for good.

Since going on the GAPS diet I have an acid taste in the back of my
throat. What do you recommend to help with this?

Have fermented vegetables with your meals and fresh vegetables too
(salads made with juicy vegetables, such as lettuce, tomato,
cucumber, onion and greens). They will add enzymes and help your
stomach to handle food. The reason for this acid taste is likely to be
reflux, as your stomach may not be producing enough acid and
enzymes at this stage.
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I just wanted to tell all the families who have come to this crossroad of GAPS to
take the plunge! As a mother of 2 children on the spectrum, I have been where
FAQs you are. I have been desperate, alone, and overwhelmed. I have cried a lifetime
of tears and every moment of despair is worth the joy I feel now.
Pregnancy and Baby
Three months ago I didn’t know what I was going to do with my son. He was
regressing and angry. I knew I had to get my little boy back! I would rock him to
Resources sleep in tears whispering," come back to me my sweet Trent." I promised myself
that if I ever had the answer that I would do it no matter how hard! GAPS is
GAPS Cookbook giving me my son back! That is worth fighting for!
Trent is now categorizing cubes, cones, spheres, and cylinders! Every time I
Support think about it, I cry! He can choose a sight word and turn it into a sentence!
The point is, reach for the stars! My sweet Trent is coming back to me!
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My oldest son is on his way. His healing needs a little more time. His only
issue is focus, other than that he is quite a character! He used to have to be
Testimonials on medication for anxiety. GAPS has taken anxiety away! He really is doing
phenomenal!
Physicians
You owe it to yourself and your children to strive for better! When the going
gets tough, you have your new friends here to lean on!
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Reaching for the stars,
Gaps Guide Blog Cathy Carr
* * * * * * * * * *
3.5 Yr Old Boy

From birth, my son had many challenges: he was premature and
struggled both to breathe and to coordinate the reflexes involved in
eating. Later, if not held 24/7 he would scream. People suggested he was
“manipulative”, “spoiled”, etc. But to me it was clear that something was
wrong and that he was simply expressing that.
He was unable to eat anything except breastmilk for over two years. If
other food came even near his lips, he would vomit profusely. He was
iron deficient.. Despite proper brushing, his brand new teeth rapidly
disintegrated. His language was severely delayed. He would snake
backward across the floor on his belly, screaming, finally pressing his
forehead against a wall, terror in his eyes. Day and night, he woke fully
at least every 2-4 hours. He could not tolerate baths, haircuts or
toothbrushing. Incontinent, he was unable to potty train.
Finally, just after his third birthday, he developed chronic diarrhea. On

that count alone, my doctor suggested he might have Celiac Disease.
When I researched CD, I learned that all of my son’s symptoms were
addressed by that single diagnosis! There were two dietary options
proposed for Celiac: The first, gluten-free, would be relatively easy to
achieve, but require lifelong adherence to maintain even its limited
results. The other, a diet temporarily permitting only monosaccarides,
would be more challenging to implement, but would actually heal the
gut, ultimately allowing for a wide range of healthy foods to be eaten.
One website claimed that both Celiac and autistic symptoms could be
relieved by the second one. The promise of addressing the full range of
my son’s issues was the clincher.
On Day One, my son had a normal stool for the first time in six weeks
and, for the first time in his life, he slept through the night. On Day
Three, he spoke his first sentence. That week, he potty trained himself.
Since early on in the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, his language, cognition

and physical development have continued to soar. He talks easily, his
teeth have healed, and he eats everything we put in front of him. He is
relaxed, easygoing and tremendously happy. He is highly sociable. His
earlier behaviors and stools return only when he tries a food that proves
too advanced for his system to handle.
Early June, I transitioned him to the full GAPS program. We have seen
leaps even beyond those achieved by SCD alone. Temporary setbacks
notwithstanding, my boy has become a fully healthy child. It boggles my
mind, every single day, that something so simple (so to speak) could
have brought such tremendous changes.
While GAPS’ benefits are definitely worth the effort involved, there is a
learning curve. I stumbled about a lot at the beginning. The most
important pieces for me have been information and support. The online
communities provide these in abundance.
Baden
BC, Canada
* * * * * * * * * *
Originally posted on yahoo Group GAPShelp:
Kevin lacked oxygen at birth, so in the first year of life, I already saw that he
was not developing like my other kids (he is our 5th). His motor skills lagged
and he cried a lot, didn't sleep so well, etc. At two, his behavior was just not
right. He never responded right to correction, would throw things in anger or
frustration, cried all the time, esp when waking up, basically never happy. He
didn't walk until two and then he would fall down constantly. He also began to
always be starving. When he was really hungry, his face would get distorted and
frozen in a strange way. I now think he was having seizures of sorts. We did not
vaccinate at all and we figured out that if we fed him lots of protein type foods
like meats, he would relax his body and face and be able to go play for a bit
until it happened all over again in a short time.
I do think that b/c we didn't vaccinate and figured out to keep feeding him this
way, we were able to "coast along" like this for years. He had learning
disabilities, lacked social skills and continued to have autistic traits like sensory
issues, hiding under blankets, reacting to sounds, not liking people around, rigid
in routines, and spinning and going on his head along with head banging. Long
story shorter, we did get a diagnosis of Aspergers at one point. WE took him to
doc after doc, specialist after specialist to no avail. He also strangely was
NEVER once sick (we later learned that his immune sys was not working a bit)
At 9 yo, he got pneumonia, followed by asthma and allergies. His eating had
escalated to the point of feeding him every 20 - 30 minutes or he would have
gigantic meltdowns. We eventually could not even have people over.
He was given an inhaler for the asthma and suddenly, without us making the
connection, he began to not respond when called, became extremely
hyperactive and began to run away at all hours of the day and night requiring
police to find him and being very dangerous (we once lost him in the middle of
downtown Chicago).
He would also try to jump out of moving vehicles, out of windows and required
constant restraining. The seizures got bad, he would fall down the stairs and
lose consciousness several times per day. They tried psych drugs and he almost
died twice from his reaction to them (I am now grateful that we couldn't go that
route). We became so desperate that we brought him home from hospital and
got deadbolts to keep him from running, did all our own restraining and called
alternative docs to help us. We began kefir and diet from nutritionist (basically a
BED/GAPS version), took him off inhaler. His allergies were totally out of control,
he could barely open his eyes from swelling, and his chin was deformed and
swollen, his belly too, his whole body. He would only eat junk food and fast foods
and it was incredibly difficult to transition him to the diet. The DAN (Defeat
Autism Now) protocols we followed, made him worse in lots of ways b/c the
chelation made him extremely violent, the B12 shots kept him awake for nights
on end without any sleep, the antifungals and all those other interventions were
nightmarish for him.
Eventually, I resolved to use only foods and do this without any kind of docs. So
for this past year, I researched and researched and was determined to bring him
back from this state. We have done a combo of GAPS and BED very
successfully along with lots of fermented foods and drinks. The allergies and
asthma are 100% gone, the seizures we have had only one in 65 days and very
mild (compared to 5-10 per day). He sings every morning and has cried once in
the last 2.5 months (he used to cry for 1-3 hours at a time each day) and he
can go outside again without running away. He is in martial arts, acting
appropriately at church, having eye contact, no autistic traits of late and learning
academics after two years of not being able to open a book. He reads before
bed at an 8th grade level. It is a total absolute miracle to which I give God all
the credit (there has been endless prayer at our house). I know He led us to this
diet and this recovery. I am still fearful of regression (it's so hard to believe it's
for real, you know) and I also fully realize that it will be possibly two more years
before he is fully detoxed. The rashes he has had have been monumental and
scary and he would have terrible seizures when the detox and die off was going
too quickly. I think we still have a lot to learn and a lot of work to do but there
seems to be a light at the end of our tunnel. I think this is a very powerful diet
and detox protocol and it really does work. I feel that there is much hope and
healing and we are giving our kids an opportunity at a life and future.
Sorry to be so long but I want to encourage others and I thank you all for the
wonderful support.
Millie
* * * * * * * * * *
Dear Gapsdiet.com,
I have been following the GAPS diet for 5 months now with my son. I recently
had to go back and start over following the Introduction Diet as you have
outlined on this site. I was unaware there was an introduction diet but I am very
happy to have found it. The introduction diet has made all the difference for my
son in determining the foods he is unable to handle. Since starting the diet over,
we have seen a huge transformation in his behavior and BMs. We have felt
captive in our house for the last 3 years as a result of Tim's behavior and
constant watery stools. Last Saturday we actually had a day out. It was
wonderful. We still have a long way to go but we are very hopeful as we have
seen more improvement in 5 months than we had previously ever seen on
anything else we have tried.
Sincerely,
Mary
San Diego, Ca
* * * * * * * * * *
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Dr. Thomas Cowan
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Dr. Tim Gerstmar

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16455 NE 85th St, Ste 102
Testimonials Redmond, WA 98052
425-202-7849
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Dr. Alkmini Anastasiadou
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1556 3rd Ave Ste 210
New York, NY 10128
212-717-8800
alkminian@yahoo.com
Jodi Barnett N.H.C.

Harvested Health
2157 US Hwy 41
Schererville, IN 46375
219-227-8784
http://www.harvestedhealth.com
Dr. John Feola

Metro Internal Medicine LLC
6400 Arlington Blvd 940
Falls Church, VA 22042
703-241-1010
http://www.metro-internalmedicine.com
Stephanie Belseth CPNP

Newbridge Clinic
8200 Humboldt Ave S, Ste 301
Bloomington, MN 55431
612-730-2237
Fax 206-338-2186
www.newbridgeclinic.com

Dr. Jennifer Weiss
1212 Farmers Lane Suite 3
Santa Rosa, CA 95405
707-829-9788
www.osteopathicphysician.net
Julie Soteriou, CCN

1610 14th Street NW, Suite 102
Rochester, MN 55901
507-216-2369
joyfilledhealth@aol.com
Dr. Tony Boggess

1310 S. Main St
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
734-929-2696 Fax:734-929-2703
dr.boggess@nbwellness.com
www.NBWellness.com
Rosann Volmert, DO
Osteopathic Family Physician
3527 Ocean View Blvd
Montrose, CA 91208
626-796-3413
www.DrVolmert.com
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Support A MESSAGE FROM DR. NATASHA CAMPBELL-MCBRIDE:
HELP!
Contact Us
At the last WAPF conference I met dozens of wonderful people, who were telling
Testimonials me how the GAPS Programme changed their lives and lives of their families.
These people gave me an idea: WE NEED TO PUBLISH ALL THESE STORIES
AS A BOOK! There are millions of people and families out there in desperate
Physicians
situations, who believe the mainstream establishment that there is nothing they
can do to help themselves. Your stories - stories written by real people, will show
Wholesale those families that there is a way out and there is hope!
Please, write your story and send it to me, Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride, at

Gaps Guide Blog
medinform@lineone.net It is your choice to publish your story under your real
name or just the initials.
YOUR STORY MAY SAVE MANY LIVES!
THANK YOU!
**********
This site supports digestive healing following the GAPS (Gut and Psychology
Syndrome) diet created by Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride.
Our goal is to spread Dr. Campbell-McBride's message and introduce you to
the natural path of digestive healing.
For detailed information on the GAPS diet please refer to:
Gut & Psychology Syndrome

by Dr. Campbell-McBride
A Very Brief History
The Gut and Psychology Syndrome Diet has its foundation on the Specific
Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) created by Dr. Sidney Valentine Haas to heal digestive
disorders. SCD gained great popularity after a mother, Elaine Gottschall, healed her
own child and became an advocate for SCD. Elaine Gottschall is also the author of
the popular book Breaking the Vicious Cycle. Intestinal Health Through Diet.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride has taken SCD and evolved it further to create a full
protocol for healing digestive disorders and subsequent issues.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride holds a degree in Medicine and Postgraduate

degrees in both Neurology and Human Nutrition. In her clinic in Cambridge she
specializes in nutrition for children and adults with behavioral and learning
disabilities, and adults with digestive and immune system disorders.
Dr. Campbell-McBride set up The Cambridge Nutrition Clinic in 1998. As a parent

of a child diagnosed with learning disabilities, she was acutely aware of the
difficulties facing other parents like her, and she has devoted much of her time to
helping these families. She realized that nutrition played a critical role in helping
children and adults to overcome their disabilities, and has pioneered the use of
probiotics in this field.
She believes that the link between learning disabilities, the food and drink that we
take, and the condition of our digestive system is absolute, and the results of her
work have supported her position on this subject. In her clinic, parents discuss all
aspects of their child's condition, confident in the knowledge that they are not only
talking to a professional but to a parent who has lived their experience. Her deep
understanding of the challenges they face puts her advice in a class of its own.
**This site should be used as a complement to Dr. Campbell-McBride's book Gut

and Psychology Syndrome and is in no way a substitute for all the information
provided within it.**
GAPS™ and Gut and Psychology Syndrome™ are the trademark and
copyright of Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride. The right of Dr. Natasha Campbell-
McBride to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in
accordance with the Copyright, Patent and Designs Act 1988.
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Simplified GAPS Outline

Here is a simplified outline of the GAPS Nutritional Program. Please refer to Gut and Psychology Syndrome
for more detailed information.
THE NUTRITIONAL PROGRAM
1. Diet
2. Supplementation
3. Detoxification and Life-style Changes
1. Diet
The recommended diet for GAPS patients is largely based on the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD). The main
difference pertains to dairy products.
SCD permits lactose-free dairy products. Lactose is a milk sugar. GAPS and people with digestive problems
are unable to digest it and must avoid it.
Fermented dairy products such as yogurt are largely lactose free as a result of the fermentation process where by
the fermenting bacteria consume lactose. Apart from lactose, milk contains casein which will absorb through
the damaged gut lining and act as a toxin in the body.
Another problem with dairy is how it relates to food allergies and intolerances. A milk allergy is one of the
most common allergies. Even in breast-fed babies where the mother consumes dairy products the child may
develop colic due to sensitivity to dairy antigens being passed through the mother's milk.
For all of these reasons, GAPS children and adults should not consume dairy products until their digestive
system is well enough to handle them. The diet's only exception to this is milk fat (ghee or clarified butter)
because it contains virtually no milk proteins or lactose and is generally well tolerated.
Please refer to "The Diet" section for a list of recommended foods.
2. Supplementation
The essential supplements for GAPS patients:

C. Vitamin A
D. Digestive enzymes
E. Vitamin and mineral supplements.
Probiotics are most commonly used in the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders:
! viral infections of the digestive tract

! necrotizing enterocolitis in infants
! intractable pediatric diarrhea
! pseudomembranous colitis
! traveler's diarrhea
! Clostridium Difficile enterocolitisenterocolitis
! Helicobacter infection
! enteropathogenic E. coli infection
! inflammatory bowel disorders: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis
! irritable bowel syndrome
! lactose intolerance
! prevention of colonic cancer in laboratory studied
In addition to digestive issues many other health problems have been shown to respond to treatment with
probiotics:
! allergies including food allergy

! autism
! chronic viral infections
! urogenital infections
! hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and biliary disease
! tuberculosis
! meningitis
! malignancy
! arthritis
! diabetes
! burns of various degree
! perioperative care and intensive care in surgical patients and patients with massive blood
loss
! clinical infections
! autoimmune disorders
While many conditions may benefit from the use of probiotics, the above list has had scientific papers
published on the benefit of probiotics with the specific condition.
General Guidelines for choosing a good probiotic:
a. A good probiotic should have as many different species of beneficial bacteria as possible.
b. A mixture of strains from different groups of probiotic bacteria is more beneficial than just one
group.
c. A good probiotic should have a concentrated amount of bacteria: at least 8 billion of bacterial cells
per gram.
d. The manufacturer of the probiotic should test every batch for strength and bacterial composition and
should be prepared to publish the results.
(Bio-kult is the recommended probiotic and Dr. Campbell-McBride is one of the inventors)
GAPS children and adults should have a group of essential oils supplemented:
a. A good seed/nut oil blend in the ratio of 2:1 of omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids.
b. Cod liver oil to supply EPA, DHA, vitamin A and vitamin D.
c. Fish oil with higher ratio of EPA to DHA, as more EPA seems to be beneficial for GAPS patients.
There are no toxic levels for these oils.
C. Vitamin A
As listed previously, vitamin A is recommended in the form of Cod Liver Oil (CLO). Vitamin A
deficiency can cause digestive problems.
Leaky gut and malabsorption are the typical results of vitamin A deficiency. Unfortunately, due to
digestive problems, GAPS children and adults usually cannot absorb or use many forms of vitamin A,
commonly found in supplements.
A natural form of vitamin A found in CLO appears to be the best form for these patients.
D. Digestive Enzymes
People with abnormal gut flora almost without exception have low stomach acid production. Toxins
produced from bacteria such as Candida and Clostridia have a strong ability to reduce secretion of
stomach acid.
Stomach acid is the first barrier for huge numbers of microbes arriving with every bite of food or drink
we consume. If the stomach is not acid enough, these bad microbes may have a chance of colonizing in
the stomach itself.
Dr. Campbell-McBride recommends that GAPS patients supplement with stomach acid. The most
physiological preparation available is Betaine HCl with Pepsin.
Pancreatic Enzymes
These are the enzymes people generally think of when hearing the words "digestive enzymes". These
enzymes are usually combinations of proteases, peptidases, lipases, amylase, lactase and cellulase.
In a healthy digestive tract, these enzymes are naturally produced by the pancreas. If normal stomach
acidity can be returned, these enzymes should work efficiently.
Dr. Campbell-McBride recommends supplementation with stomach acid. If you feel benefit from the
use of these supplements, make sure they do not contain fillers or binders which may interfere with the
healing process in the gut.
E. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
Dr. Campbell-McBride does not generally recommend any vitamin or mineral supplementation at the
beginning of the program.
Some patients may require targeted supplementation but this is a matter for a qualified practitioner to
decide.
If you are going to use supplements:
a. Choose supplements without any ingredients which may aggravate the gut condition.
b. Choose supplements with a high absorption rate.
c. Keep supplements to an absolute minimum.
3. DETOXIFICATION AND LIFE-STYLE CHANGES
The first and most important thing is to remove the main source of toxicity, which means cleaning up and
healing the gut.
Since this alone will not rid the body of years worth of toxic build up in the system, juicing is recommended.
Juicing provides very concentrated fruit and vegetable nutrients to the body in an easily absorbed form.
Black Elderberry is also beneficial and has strong immune-stimulating properties and it is one of the most
powerful anti-vital remedies known to man.
The General Toxic Load
An important part of the treatment is reduction of the general toxic load. Keep your house chemical free and
avoid bringing anything into the home which will let off chemicals such as new carpet, furniture, and paints.
Also remember that your skin absorbs just about everything it comes in contact with so be very cautious with
the products you put on your skin.
Household plants are great at reducing the toxic air in our houses. They consume the toxic gases and replace
them with oxygen and other beneficial substances.
This is a brief summary of important points addressed in Gut and Psychology Syndrome. It is very important to
read the sections devoted to these areas in the book for a clear understanding of each.
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Increase to four capsules daily during travel.
Continue to take for at least 2 weeks following end of
travel. If taking anti-malarials continue for at least 2
weeks after completion of the course.
Bio-Kult is completely safe, has no contraindications and carries no risk of overdose. Science and nature in balance
What is Bio-Kult? Which gut conditions can Bio-Kult help?*
Bio-Kult is a unique probiotic Dysbiosis Traveller’s Stomach (travel or environmental irritants. Episodes of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative
Dysbiosis is a condition in which sickness) eczema can be triggered by allergic Colitis (UC), long-term conditions
14
made up of 14 different strains. the normal bacteria in the gut are Any food or water from an infected reactions to foods, particularly milk whose main symptoms are diarrhoea,
disturbed and the levels of the source can cause traveller’s products, animals, dust, cosmetics, pain and blood in the stool. There is
It is designed to help our essential bacteria are reduced. stomach. Symptoms are mainly and viruses; also by environmental currently no cure. Drugs are used to
digestive and immune systems, Evidence shows that dysbiosis diarrhoea, but can include stomach factors, such as stress. It has been reduce the inflammation. In severe
is the underlying cause of many cramps and nausea, often lasting suggested that some people develop cases, the damaged intestine is
both of which are important in illnesses, not just those associated for 10 days after the traveller atopic diseases, such as allergic removed. It has only recently become
with the intestine. returns home. The most common rhinitis, asthma and atopic eczema, clear that these diseases centre on
keeping us at the peak of health. cause is contaminated food or due to alterations in their intestinal the immune cells and tissues in the
Diarrhoea water. The use of probiotics as a microflora. intestine that react incorrectly to
Evidence suggests that Diarrhoea causes an imbalance in preventative for diarrhoea during normal gut microflora.
the gut microflora, increased gut travel has been studied. Evidence Leaky Gut Syndrome
Bio-Kult’s broad spectrum of beneficial bacteria can permeability and inflammation of suggests that diarrhoea occurs Leaky gut, or intestinal permeability, Autism
less often when Lactobacilli refers to the gut lining, which allows
reduce the symptoms and inflammation associated the intestine. If probiotic bacteria
and Bifidobacterium (species of
For reasons not yet understood,
are able to colonise the gut, then bacteria and some undigested nutrients autistic children develop deficient gut
with digestive disorders and other conditions. it has been suggested they can bacteria contained in Bio-Kult) are to enter the bloodstream instead of flora. Lacking properly established
be used to help treat or prevent used as preventatives and also for being digested and absorbed. Here, “good” gut bacteria, essential for
diarrhoea. There are many studies treatment. they cause the the immune system food digestion and absorption,
Bio-Kult is suitable to react. The immune system cells
concluding that probiotics are autistic children can develop multiple
for vegetarians, is completely safe, has no effective for the treatment and Candida (Candidiasis) have an inflammatory reaction that nutritional deficiencies that drastically
prevention of different types of The yeast Candida albicans leads to autoantibody production and affect their development. In parallel,
contraindications and carries no risk of overdose. diarrhoea. naturally lives on or in most autoimmune disease development. pathogenic and opportunistic microbes
humans as a harmless organism, Probiotics have been shown to improve can develop, grow and become
Bio-Kult was formulated by an expert team of doctors, Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea but it can become a major fungal intestinal permeability and reduce active, producing toxins that enter the
(AAD) pathogen. A study showed that inflammation in Leaky Gut Syndrome bloodstream. Developing brains are
nutritionists and scientists dedicated to advancing the After a course of antibiotics, the normal gut flora has a natural patients. particularly sensitive to these “toxins”
the reduced levels of beneficial resistance to Candida albicans and nutritional deficiencies. As a result
research and use of probiotic health supplements. but this may be reduced when Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) there is no normal development of
bacteria in the gut cause an
imbalance in the microflora and antibiotics are taken, leading The three most usual symptoms language, comprehension, behaviour
can allow pathogenic (disease- to recurring yeast infections in of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) etc. Over time, an efficient probiotic
causing) species to increase. The women. These can be localised, are: lower abdomen pain, diarrhoea will re-establish the normal gut flora by
gastrointestinal microflora are e.g. in the mouth or vagina, or constipation and abdominal clearing out the “bad” microbes and
less able to resist colonisation by and can spread to almost any bloating. In IBS the intestine does not old putrefaction. The healing process
these unfriendly species, leading organ system. Candidiasis can work properly. Patients may in fact then starts.
to clinical symptoms like be associated with a number have one or more of the following
diarrhoea. Probiotics of conditions: chronic fatigue gastrointestinal complaints: leaky
replace the syndrome, arthritis, Irritable Bowel gut, dysbiosis, Candida overgrowth,
beneficial Syndrome (IBS) and allergies. parasitic infections, allergies and food
bacteria killed Probiotic microbes suppress the intolerances. Probiotics, as well as
by the growth of Candida in both the increasing the numbers of beneficial
antibiotics gastrointestinal tract and vagina. bacteria in the intestine, may also
and may They also stop Candida adhering to reduce the amount of gas produced
prevent the mucous membrane. and help reduce the symptoms of IBS.
pathogens
from Atopic Dermatitis Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
taking Eczema, suffered by 10-20% of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a
hold. world’s population, makes the skin term that embraces several conditions Bio-Kult capsules can be pulled
apart and the contents sprinkled
red, itchy and flaky. This happens in which the intestine is persistently on to food, mixed in a drink or
when the skin responds to physical inflamed. Its two main forms are swallowed whole.
*Research data and references available from www.bio-kult.com

Bio-Kult_USA_Master_60&120_Labels_V5_REPRO.pdf 3/11/08 15:21:12
Probiotic Microorganisms
The healthy body naturally hosts trillions of beneficial bacteria. Amongst Supplement Facts
other things, they help to support and maintain a strong immune Serving Size: 2 Capsules
system and a healthy digestive system.* Today’s lifestyle of stress Servings per container: 60
and poor nutrition can challenge these essential functions.*
Amount per serving
Why Bio-Kult®?
The complete formula in Bio-Kult® helps balance and Strains of Bio-Kult® Probiotic Blend 54 mg**
maintain these natural systems with the beneficial friendly bacteria
Lactobacillus spp. (L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus,
organisms necessary to keep you at your best. It is of L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus,
fundamental importance that we have an adequate level L. casei, L. helveticus, L. salivarius), Bacillus
of these probiotic bacteria in our bodies at all times. With subtilis, Bifidobacterium spp. (B. bifidum,
fourteen strains of beneficial bacteria at a concentration B. breve, B. infantis, B. longum), Lactococcus
of 10 billion CFU per gram, Bio-Kult® is one of the most lactis ssp lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus
powerful probiotic supplements available.
**Daily value not established
Recommended Daily Intake Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, vegetable capsule
One to two capsules twice daily with food. (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, water), magnesium stearate.
Children under 12 - half dose. Or as directed by your Allergen statement: Contains soy and milk ingredients in
health practitioner or doctor. trace amounts. The levels of milk ingredients should not
Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. affect those who are lactose intolerant.
Keep out of reach of children.
Probiotic supplements should not be used as a substitute Distributed by: International Nutrition Inc. 11615 Crossroads Circle,
for a healthy lifestyle or a varied, balanced diet. Suite D, Middle River, MD 21220, USA.
C Each capsule provides 2x109 (2billion) CFU. Made in the United Kingdom by: Probiotics International Limited.
Store in a cool dry place. No need to refrigerate.
*This statement has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. The product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Y
CM
MY
CY
Probiotic Microorganisms
The healthy body naturally hosts trillions of beneficial bacteria. Amongst Supplement Facts
CMY other things, they help to support and maintain a strong immune Serving Size: 2 Capsules
system and a healthy digestive system.* Today’s lifestyle of stress
and poor nutrition can challenge these essential functions.* Servings per container: 30
K
Why Bio-Kult®? Amount per serving
The complete formula in Bio-Kult® helps balance and Strains of Bio-Kult® Probiotic Blend 54 mg**
maintain these natural systems with the beneficial friendly bacteria
Lactobacillus spp. (L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus,
organisms necessary to keep you at your best. It is of L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus,
fundamental importance that we have an adequate level L. casei, L. helveticus, L. salivarius), Bacillus
of these probiotic bacteria in our bodies at all times. With subtilis, Bifidobacterium spp. (B. bifidum,
fourteen strains of beneficial bacteria at a concentration B. breve, B. infantis, B. longum), Lactococcus
of 10 billion CFU per gram, Bio-Kult® is one of the most lactis ssp lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus
powerful probiotic supplements available.
**Daily value not established
Recommended Daily Intake Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, vegetable capsule
One to two capsules twice daily with food. (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, water), magnesium stearate.
Children under 12 - half dose. Or as directed by your Allergen statement: Contains soy and milk ingredients in
health practitioner or doctor. trace amounts. The levels of milk ingredients should not
Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. affect those who are lactose intolerant.
Keep out of reach of children.
Probiotic supplements should not be used as a substitute Distributed by: International Nutrition Inc. 11615 Crossroads Circle,
for a healthy lifestyle or a varied, balanced diet. Suite D, Middle River, MD 21220, USA.
Each capsule provides 2x109 (2billion) CFU. Made in the United Kingdom by: Probiotics International Limited.
Store in a cool dry place. No need to refrigerate.
*This statement has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. The product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Food Allergy
By Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride
Published in: Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, First Quarter, 2009, Vol 24, 1,
pp.31-41
Food allergies have become very common, and the trend is up. 1 Most
medical practitioners find that we have to face this problem more and more
on a daily basis. A recent public survey in the UK has shown that almost
half the population report that they have an “allergy” to some food or foods.
2
However, the official figures for a “true allergy to food” are around 1% of
the population in most developed countries. 1 The reason for this confusion
is that majority of food reactions/allergies/intolerances do not produce a
typical allergy test profile (raised IgE or IgG with positive prick test and/or
positive RAST test). There have been different attempts to classify this
group: as type B food allergy, metabolic food intolerance or simply food
intolerance, rather than a “true” allergy. 3 In this group a person may react to
many different foods or combinations of foods. Quite often the person is not
sure what food produces the reaction, because the reaction may be
immediate or delayed (a day, a few days or even a week later). As these
delayed reactions overlap with each other, the patients can never be sure
what exactly they are reacting to on any given day. 1,3 On top of that there is
a masking phenomenon, when reactions to a regularly consumed food run
into each other (the new reaction begins when the previous has not finished
yet), so the connection with that food and symptoms, it triggers, is not
apparent. 4 Food allergy or intolerance can produce any symptom under the
sun: from migraines, fatigue, PMS, painful joints, itchy skin to depression,
hyperactivity, hallucinations, obsessions and other psychiatric and
neurological manifestations. However, the most immediate and common
symptoms in the vast majority of patients are digestive problems: pain,
diarrhoea or constipation, urgency, bloating, indigestion, etc. 3,5,6
Naturally, many people try to identify, which foods they react to. As a result
many forms of testing have appeared on the market: from blood tests to
electronic skin tests. Many experienced practitioners get disillusioned with
most of these tests, as they produce too many false-positives and false-
negatives. 6 On top of that they lead to a simple conclusion, that if you
remove the “positive” foods out of the diet, it will solve the problem. In
some cases, indeed elimination of a trigger food helps. However, in majority
the help in not permanent: the patients find, that as they eliminate some
foods, they start reacting to other foods, to which they did not seem to react
before. The whole process leads to a situation where the person finishes up
with virtually nothing left to eat, and every new test finds reactions to new
foods. Majority of experienced practitioners come to the same conclusion:
the simplistic idea of “just don’t eat foods, you are allergic to!” does not
address the root of the problem. 3,6 We need to look deeper, at what causes
these food intolerances. In order to understand it, I would like to share a case
history of one of my patients.
Stephanie S, 35 years old asked for my help in “sorting out her food
allergies”. A very pale malnourished looking lady, (weight 45 kg with height
160cm) with low energy levels, chronic cystitis, abdominal pains, bloating
and chronic constipation. She was consistently diagnosed anaemic all her
life.
Family background: she was born naturally from a mother with digestive
problems and migraines, her sister suffered from severe eczema and her
brother from GI problems. She did not have information on her father’s
health.
She was not breast fed as a baby and at the age of 3 months got her first
urinary infection with the first course of antibiotics. Since then the urinary
infections became a regular part of her life, usually treated by antibiotics;
now she is suffering from chronic interstitial cystitis. Through the childhood
she was very thin, always found it difficult to put any weight on, but
otherwise she considered her health to be “OK” - she completed school and
played sports. At 14 years of age her menstruations stopped, having started a
year before. She was put on a contraceptive pill, which seemed to regulate
her menstruations. Around 16 she was put on a long course of antibiotics for
acne, after which developed lactose intolerance, severe constipation and
bloating. Was advised to stop dairy at 18, which helped with constipation for
a while, but other symptoms remained. She developed progressively low
levels of energy, abdominal cramps, dizzy spells, very low body weight and
very dry skin. Following numerous medical consultations and food allergy
testing she started removing different foods out of her diet, but was never
sure if it made much difference: some symptoms seemed to improve, others
did not and new symptoms appeared. She became sensitive to loud sounds
and local pollution, her shampoo and make up and some domestic cleaning
chemicals. Her cystitis became chronic and was pronounced psychosomatic
by her doctor. Her diet at the time of the consultation was very limited: she
seemed to tolerate (but was not entirely sure) breakfast cereals, sheep’s
yoghurt, soy milk, some varieties of cheese, a few vegetables and rarely fish.
Following several food allergy tests she has removed all meats, eggs, nuts,
all fruit, whole grains and many vegetables.
This example is very common and demonstrates clearly that just removing
“offending” foods out of the diet does not solve the problem. We have to
look deeper and find the course of the patient’s malady. In order to do that
we have to examine Stephanie’s health history.
Infancy
Stephanie was born from a mother with digestive problems and was not
breast fed. What does that tell us? We know that unborn babies have sterile
gut. 7 At the time of birth the baby swallows mouthfuls of microbes, which
live in the mother’s birth canal. 8 These microbes take about 20 days to
establish themselves in the baby’s virgin digestive system and become the
baby’s gut flora. 7,8 Where does the vaginal flora come from? The medical
science shows that the flora in the vagina largely comes from the gut. What
lives in the woman’s bowel will live in her vagina. 9,10 Stephanie’s mother
suffered from digestive problems, which indicates that she had abnormal gut
flora, which she passed to her daughter at birth.
Baby Stephanie was not breast fed. Breast milk, particularly colostrum in the
first days after birth, is vital for appropriate population of the baby’s
digestive system with healthy microbial flora. 9,10,11 We know that bottle fed
babies develop completely different gut flora to the breast fed babies. 11 That
flora later on predisposes bottle-fed babies to asthma, eczema, different
other allergies and other health problems. 12 But the most important
abnormalities develop in the digestive system of course, as that is where
these microbes make their home. Having acquired abnormal gut flora from
her mother at birth, Stephanie had it compromised further by bottle feeding.
Chronic cystitis
Apart from the gut, in the first few weeks of life other mucous membranes
and baby’s skin get populated by their own flora, playing a crucial role in
protecting those surfaces from pathogens and toxins. 13 As baby Stephanie
acquired abnormal flora in her gut, her groin and vagina got abnormal flora
too (as it normally comes from the gut). 10 At the same time the urethra and
the urinary bladder would get similar to vagina flora: in a normal situation it
should be predominated by Lactobacteria, largely L. crispatus and L.
jensenii. 14 This flora produces hydrogen peroxide, reducing the Ph in the
area, which does not allow pathogens to adhere. 15 Unprotected urethra and
bladder fall pray to any pathogenic microbes, causing urinary tract
infections. The most common pathogens, which cause UTIs, are E.coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus,coming from
the bowel and the groin. 15 Urine is one of the venues of toxin elimination
from the body. 16 In gut dysbiosis large amounts of various toxins are
produced by pathogens in the gut and absorb into the bloodstream through
the damaged gut wall. 16,17 Many of these toxins leave the body in urine:
accumulating in the bladder, this toxic urine comes into contact with the
bladder lining. The beneficial bacteria in the bladder and urethra maintain a
GAG layer of the bladder: a protective mucous barrier, largely made from
sulphated glucosaminoglycans, produced by the cells of the bladder lining.
17
As the GAG layer gets damaged, toxic substances in urine get through to
the bladder wall causing inflammation and leading to chronic cystitis. 18 And
that is what happened to Stephanie: at the age of 3 months she got her first
urinary infection. As her gut flora, vaginal flora and the flora of urethra and
the bladder were not corrected, she suffered from urinary infections all her
life and eventually developed chronic cystitis.
Further damage to gut flora

Because of regular urinary tract infections Stephanie had to have regular
courses of antibiotics through her entire life, starting from infancy. Every
course of antibiotics damages beneficial species of bacteria in the gut,
leaving it open to invasion by pathogens, resistant to antibiotics. 10,19 Even
when the course of antibiotic is short and the dose is low, it takes different
beneficial bacteria in the gut a long time to recover: physiological E.Coli
takes 1-2 weeks, Bifidobacteria and Veillonelli take 2-3 weeks, Lactobacilli,
Bacteroids, Peptostreptococci take a month. 10,20 If in this period the gut
flora is subjected to another damaging factor(s), then gut dysbiosis may well
start in earnest. 21
After many short courses of antibiotics Stephanie had to take a long course
for acne at the age of 16. That is when she got pronounced digestive
problems: constipation, bloating, abdominal pain and lactose intolerance,
indicating that her gut flora got seriously compromised.
From the age of 14 Stephanie has been taking contraceptive pills for many
years. Contraceptives have a serious damaging effect on the composition of
gut flora,leading to allergy and other problems, related to gut dysbiosis . 22,23
Malnutrition- the consequence of abnormal gut flora

Stephanie suffered from malnutrition all her life despite the fact that her
family always cooked fresh wholesome meals and Stephanie ate well. She
was always pale, very thin and small and could never put any weight on.
This is not surprising taking into consideration the state of her gut right from
birth. The microbial layer on the absorptive surface of the GI tract not only
protects it from invaders and toxins, but maintains its integrity. 20,21 The
epithelial cells called enterocytes, which coat the villi are the very cells,
which complete the digestive process and absorb the nutrients from food. 24
These cells only live a few days as the cell turnover in the gut wall is very
active. These enterocytes are constantly born in the depth of the crypts. Then
they slowly travel to the top of the villi, doing their job of digestion and
absorption and getting more and more mature on the way. As they reach the
top of the villi, they get shed off. This way the epithelium of intestines gets
constantly renewed to insure its good ability to do its work well. 24
Animal experiments with sterilisation of the gut found that when the
beneficial bacteria, living on the intestinal epithelium are removed, this
process of cell renewal gets completely out of order. 10 The time of cell
travel from crypts to the top of the villi becomes a few times longer, which
upsets the maturation process of absorptive cells and often turns them
cancerous. The mitotic activity in the crypts gets significantly suppressed,
which means that much less cells will be born there and much less of them
will be born healthy and able to do their job properly. The state of the cells
themselves becomes abnormal. 9,25 That is what happens in a laboratory
animal with sterilised gut. In a human body the absence of good bacteria
always comes with pathogenic bacteria getting out of control, which makes
the whole situation much worse. Without the care of beneficial bacteria
while under attack from pathogenic flora, the gut epithelium degenerates and
becomes unable to digest and absorb food properly, leading to
malabsorption, nutritional deficiencies and food intolerances. 19.21,25
Apart from keeping the gut wall in good shape, the healthy gut flora
populating this wall has been designed to take an active part in the very
process of digestion and absorption. 19,21 So much so, that the normal
digestion and absorption of food is probably impossible without well-
balanced gut flora. It has an ability to digest proteins, ferment carbohydrates,
break down lipids and fibre. By-products of bacterial activity in the gut are
very important in transporting minerals, vitamins, water, gases and many
other nutrients through the gut wall into the bloodstream. 10 If the gut flora is
damaged, the best foods and supplements in the world may not have a good
chance of being broken down and absorbed. A good example is dietary fibre,
which is one of the natural habitats for beneficial bacteria in the gut. 25 They
feed on it, producing a whole host of good nutrition for the gut wall and the
whole body, they engage it in absorbing toxins, they activate it to take part
in water and electrolytes metabolism, to recycle bile acids and cholesterol,
etc., etc. It is the bacterial action on dietary fibre that allows it to fulfil all
those good functions in the body. 20,21 And when these good bacteria are
damaged and are not able to “work” the fibre, dietary fibre itself can become
dangerous for the digestive system, providing a good habitat for the bad
pathogenic bacteria and aggravating the inflammation in the gut wall.This is
when gastroenterologists have to recommend a low-fibre diet. 19
Consequently, dietary fibre alone without the beneficial bacteria present in
the gut can end up not being all that good for us.
Stephanie also found that she became lactose intolerant after the long course
of antibiotics prescribed for her acne. And indeed Lactose is one of those
substances, which most of us would not be able to digest without well
functioning gut flora. 25 The explanation offered by science so far is that
after early childhood majority of us lack an enzyme called Lactase to digest
Lactose. 26 If we are not meant to digest Lactose, then why do some people
seem to manage it perfectly well? The answer is that these people have the
right bacteria in their gut. One of the major Lactose digesting bacteria in the
human gut is E.coli. 10 It comes as a surprise to many people that
physiological strains of E.coli are essential inhabitants of a healthy digestive
tract. They appear in the gut of a healthy baby in the first days after birth in
huge numbers: 107 - 109 CFU/g and stay in these same numbers throughout
life, providing that they do not get destroyed by antibiotics and other
environmental influences. 9,19 Apart from digesting Lactose, physiological
strains of E.coli produce vitamin K and vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, produce
antibiotic-like substances, called colicins, and control other members of their
own family which can cause disease. In fact having your gut populated by
the physiological strains of E.coli is the best way to protect yourself from
pathogenic species of E.coli. 21 Unfortunately, this group of beneficial
bacteria are very vulnerable to broad spectrum antibiotics, particularly
aminoglycosides (Gentamycin, Kanamycin) and macrolides (Erythromycin,
etc.). 9,10
Apart from E.coli, other beneficial bacteria in the healthy gut flora
(Bifidobacteria, Lactobacteria, beneficial yeastsand other) will not only
ensure appropriate absorption of nutrients from food but also actively
synthesise various nutrients: vitamin K, pantothenic acid, folic acid, thiamin
(vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine
(vitamin B6), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), various amino acids and other
active substances. 9,10,25 In the process of evolution Nature made sure that
when the food supply is sparse, we humans don't die from vitamin and
amino acids deficiencies. Nature provided us with our own factory for
making these substances - our healthy gut flora. And when this gut flora is
damaged despite adequate nutrition we develop vitamin deficiencies. Every
tested child or adult with gut dysbiosis shows deficiencies in those very
vitamins, which their gut flora is supposed to produce. 25 Restoring the
beneficial bacteria in their gut is the best way to deal with those deficiencies,
particularly vitamin B deficiencies. 10,19,21
On testing over the years Stephanie consistently showed deficiencies in most

B vitamins, fat soluble vitamins, magnesium, zinc, selenium, manganese,
sulphur, iron and some fatty acids.
Anaemia – another consequence of gut dysbiosis

Stephanie suffered from anaemia all her life, unsuccessfully treated by
courses of iron tablets. The majority of patients with gut dysbiosis look pale
and pasty and their blood tests often show changes typical for anaemia. 21 It
is not surprising. They not only cannot absorb essential for blood vitamins
and minerals from food, but their own production of these vitamins is
damaged. On top of that people with damaged gut flora often have a
particular group of pathogenic bacteria growing in their gut, which are iron-
loving bacteria (Actinomyces spp., Mycobacterium spp., pathogenic strains
of E.coli, Corynebacterium spp. and many others). 13,25 They consume
dietary iron, leaving the person deficient. Unfortunately, supplementing iron
makes these bacteria proliferate, bringing unpleasant digestive problems and
does not remedy anaemia. To have healthy blood the body needs other
minerals, a whole host of vitamins: B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, A, D, folic acid,
pantothenic acid and some amino acids. 24,10 It has been shown in a large
number of studies all over the world, that just supplementing iron does not
do much for anaemia. 27
The pathogens in the gut

The most studied pathogens, that overgrow after numerous antibiotic courses
are clostridia and yeasts, which normally belong to the opportunistic group
of gut microbes. 28 The opportunistic gut flora is a large group of various
microbes, the number and combinations of which can be quite individual.
There are so far around 400 different species of them found in the human
gut. 25 These are the most common: Bacteroids, Peptococci, Staphylococci,
Streptococci, Bacilli, Clostridia, Yeasts, Enterobacteria (Proteus, Clebsielli,
Citrobacteria, etc.), Fuzobacteria, Eubacteria, Spirochaetaceae,
Spirillaceae, Catenobacteria, different viruses and many others. 13
Interestingly, many of these opportunistic bacteria when in small numbers
and under control actually fulfil some beneficial functions in the gut, like
taking part in the digestion of food, breaking down lipids and bile acids. In a
healthy gut their numbers are limited and tightly controlled by the beneficial
flora. 20 But when this beneficial flora is weakened and damaged, they get
out of control. Each of these microbes is capable of causing various health
problems. 29 The best known is the fungus Candida albicans, which causes
untold misery to millions of people. 31 There is an abundance of literature
published about Candida infection. However, I have to say that a lot of what
is described as Candida Syndrome is in effect a result of gut dysbiosis,
which would include activity of lots of other opportunistic and pathogenic
microbes. Candida albicans is never along in the human body. Its activity
and ability to survive and cause disease depends on the state of trillions of its
neighbours – different bacteria, viruses, protozoa, other yeasts and many
other micro-creatures. 9,19,31 In a healthy body Candida and many other
disease causing microbes are very well controlled by the beneficial flora.
Unfortunately, the era of antibiotics gave Candida a special opportunity. The
usual broad-spectrum antibiotics kill a lot of different microbes in the body –
the bad and the good. But they have no effect on Candida. So, after every
course of antibiotics, Candida is left without anybody to control it, so it
grows and thrives. 30,31 Stephanie had many symptoms of Candida
overgrowth in her body: low energy level, dry skin, recurrent vaginal thrush
and cystitis, bloating, constipation, foggy brain and lethargy.
Clostridia family was given a special opportunity by the era of antibiotics

too, because Clostridia are also resistant to them. 34 There are about 100
members of this family discovered so far and they all can cause serious
disease. Many of them are found as opportunists in a healthy human gut
flora. 25,33 As long as they are controlled by the beneficial microbes in the
gut, they normally do us no harm. Unfortunately, every course of broad -
spectrum antibiotics removes the good bacteria, which leaves Clostridia
uncontrolled and allows it to grow. Different species of Clostridia cause
severe inflammation of the digestive system and damage its integrity,
leading to many digestive problems and food intolerances. 32,33
Food “allergies” and intolerances

Normal gut flora maintains gut wall integrity through protecting it, feeding it
and insuring normal cell turnover. When the beneficial bacteria in the gut are
greatly reduced, the gut wall degenerates. 9,10,21,25 At the same time various
opportunists, when not controlled by damaged good bacteria, get access to
the gut wall and damage its integrity, making it porous and “leaky”. 6,28,29
For example, microbiologists have observed how common opportunistic gut
bacteria from families Spirochaetaceae and Spirillaceae due to their spiral
shape have an ability to push apart intestinal cells braking down the integrity
of the intestinal wall and allowing through substances which normally
should not get through. 13, 25 Candida albicans has this ability as well. Its
cells attach themselves to the gut lining literally putting “roots” through it
and making it “leaky”. 31 Many worms and parasites have that ability as
well. 9,10,35 Partially digested foods gets through the damaged “leaky” gut
wall into the blood stream, where the immune system recognises them as
foreign and reacts to them. 36,37.38 This is how food allergies or intolerances
develop. So, there is nothing wrong with the food. What is happening is that
foods do not get a chance to be digested properly before they are absorbed
through the damaged gut wall. So, in order to eliminate food allergies, it in
not the foods we need to concentrate on, but the gut wall. In my clinical
experience, when the gut wall is healed many food intolerances disappear.
Healing the gut wall – the diet

How do we heal the gut wall? We need to replace the pathogens in the gut
with the beneficial bacteria, so effective probiotics are an essential part of
the treatment. However, the most important intervention is the appropriate
diet.
There is no need to re-invent a wheel when it comes to designing a diet for

digestive disorders. There is a diet already invented, a very effective diet
with more than 60 years of an excellent record of helping people with all
sorts of digestive disorders, including such devastating ones as Crohn’s
disease and ulcerative colitis. This diet is called Specific Carbohydrate
Diet or SCD for short.
SCD has been invented by a renowned American paediatrician Dr. Sidney

Valentine Haas in the first half of the 20th century. 39 Those were the good
old days, when doctors used to treat their patients with diet and natural
means. Carrying on with the work of his colleagues Drs. L. Emmett Holt,
Cristian Herter and John Howland, Dr. Haas has spent many yeas
researching the effects of diet on celiac disease and other digestive disorders.
He and his colleagues found that patients with digestive disorders could
tolerate dietary proteins and fats fairly well. But complex carbohydrates
from grains and starchy vegetables made the problem worse. Sucrose,
lactose and other double sugars also had to be excluded from the diet.
However, certain fruit and vegetables were not only well tolerated by his
patients, but improved their physical status. Dr. Haas treated over 600
patients with excellent results: after following his dietary regimen for at least
a year there was “complete recovery with no relapses, no deaths, no crisis,
no pulmonary involvement and no stunting of growth”. The results of this
research were published in a comprehensive medical textbook “The
Management of Celiac Disease”, written by Dr. Sidney V. Haas and Merrill
P. Haas in 1951. The diet, described in the book, was accepted by medical
community all over the world as a cure for celiac disease and Dr. Sidney V.
Haas was honoured for his pioneer work in the field of paediatrics.
Unfortunately, “happy end” does not happen in human history too often. In
those days celiac disease was not very clearly defined. A great number of
various conditions of the gut were included into the diagnosis of celiac
disease and all those conditions were treatable by the SCD very effectively.
In decades that followed something terrible happened. Celiac disease was
eventually defined as a gluten intolerance or gluten enteropathy, which
excluded a great number of various other gut problems from this diagnosis.
As the “gluten free diet” was pronounced to be effective for celiac disease,
the SCD diet got forgotten as outdated information. And all those other gut
diseases, which fell out of the realms of true celiac disease, got forgotten as
well. The true celiac disease is rare, so the “forgotten” gut conditions would
constitute a very large group of patients, which used to be diagnosed as
celiac and which do not respond to treatment with gluten free diet.
Incidentally, a lot of “true” celiac patients do not get better on the gluten free
diet either. All these conditions respond very well to SCD diet, developed by
Dr. Haas. 39
Following the whole controversy about celiac disease, the Specific

Carbohydrate Diet would have been completely forgotten if it wasn’t for,
you guessed it, a parent! Elaine Gottschall, desperate to help her little
daughter, who suffered from severe ulcerative colitis and neurological
problems, went to see Dr. Haas in 1958. After 2 years on SCD her daughter
was completely free of symptoms, an energetic and thriving little girl.
Following the success of the SCD with her daughter Elaine Gottschall over
the years has helped thousands of people, suffering from Crohn’s disease,
ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, diverticulitis and various types of chronic
diarrhoea. Very dramatic and fast recoveries she has reported in young
children, who apart of digestive problems had serious behavioural
abnormalities, such as autism, hyperactivity and night terrors. She has
devoted years of research into biochemical and biological basis of the diet
and has published a book, called “Breaking the Vicious Cycle. Intestinal
Health Trough Diet.” 39 This book has become a true saviour for thousands
of children and adults across the world and has been reprinted many times.
Many Web-sites and web-groups have been set up to share SCD recipes and
experiences.
I have been using SCD for many years in my clinic and have to say that it is
the diet for food allergies. As I work largely with children with learning
disabilities, such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, etc, I have grouped
these patients under the name Gut And Psychology Syndrome or GAPS. 40 I
had to adopt some aspects of SCD for these patients and they have named
their diet – the GAPS diet. Over the years I have developed a GAPS
Introduction Diet for the more severe end of the spectrum
(www.gapsdiet.com). I find that the Introduction Diet is particularly
effective in food allergies, as it allows the gut wall heal quicker. The
Introduction Diet is structured in stages. Unless there is a dangerous
(anaphylactic type) allergy to a particular food, I recommend my patients to
ignore the results of their food intolerance testing and follow the stages one
by one. The Introduction Diet in its first stages serves the gut lining in three
ways:
1. It removes fibre. With damaged gut wall fibre irritates the gut lining and
provides food for the pathogenic microbes in the gut. This means: no nuts,
no beans, no fruit and no raw vegetables. Only well-cooked vegetables
(soups and stews) are allowed with particularly fibrous parts of the vegetable
removed. No starch is allowed on the GAPS diet, which means no grains and
no starchy vegetables.
2. It provides nourishment for the gut lining: amino acids, minerals, gelatine,
glucosamines, collagens, fat soluble vitamins, etc. These substances come
from homemade meat and fish stocks, gelatinous parts of meats well-cooked
in water, organ meats, egg yolks and plenty of natural animal fats on meats.
3. It provides probiotic bacteria in the form of fermented foods. The patients

are taught to ferment their own yoghurt, kefir, vegetables and other foods at
home. These foods are introduced gradually in order to avoid a “die-off
reaction”.
On the first two stages of the Introduction Diet most severe digestive
symptoms, such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain disappear quite quickly. At
that point the patient can move through the next stages, when other foods are
gradually introduced. As the gut wall starts healing, the patients find that
they can gradually introduce foods, which they could not tolerate before.
When the Introduction GAPS Diet is completed, the patient moves to the
Full GAPS Diet. I recommend adhering to the Full Diet for 2 year on
average in order to restore normal gut flora and GI function. Depending on
the severity of the condition, different people take different time to recover.
Children usually recover quicker than adults.
Stephanie had to follow the Introduction Diet for 7 months before she started
putting weight on and feeling stronger. By the time she moved to the Full
GAPS Diet she had normal stools, no bloating and no cystitis symptoms; her
energy levels were much improved, though she still looked slightly pale. In
about a year from the start of the treatment she disappeared for 18 months,
then emailed me with an update: she was doing well, her energy level was
good, she had no symptoms of cystitis and her GI function was good. She
put weight on: though she was still quite slim, but within the normal range.
In the last two months she started eating some foods not allowed on the diet
and found that she can tolerate them on an occasional basis, including pasta,
chocolate and some goods from the local bakery.
Healing the gut wall - probiotics

In order to heal the gut wall apart from the appropriate diet we need to
replace the pathogenic microbes in the gut with the beneficial ones. The
fermented foods in the diet will provide some probiotic microbes. However,
an effective probiotic supplement is essential in most cases. There is a
plethora of studies accumulated about benefits of probiotic supplementation
for most digestive disorders, as well as many other health problems. 41-47 The
market is full of probiotics in the form of drinks, foods, powders, capsules
and tablets. Majority of them are prophylactic, which means that they are
designed for the fairly healthy people, they are not designed to make a real
difference in a person with a digestive disorder and a “leaky gut”. These
people need a therapeutic strength probiotic with well-chosen powerful
species of probiotic bacteria. A therapeutic probiotic will produce a so-called
“die-off reaction”: the probiotic bacteria kill the pathogens in the gut, when
these pathogens die, they release toxins. As these are the toxins which give
the patient his or her unique symptoms, their release makes these symptoms
worse, which is called the “die-off reaction”. This reaction can be quite
serious and must be controlled. That is why I recommend to start the
therapeutic probiotic from a very small dose, then build the dose very
gradually up to the therapeutic level. Once on that level, the patient needs to
stay on it for a few months: how long - depends on the severity of the
condition. Once the symptoms of the disease are largely gone, the patient
can start gradually reducing the daily dose to the maintenance level or can
stop altogether.
Stephanie took a particular therapeutic probiotic. She took one capsule per
day (2 billion live cells) for a week, then increased to 2 capsules per day. On
this dose her skin became itchy, she got loose stool and her cystitis
symptoms got slightly worse. She understood it to be a “die-off”, so stayed
on this dose for as long as it took for these symptoms to subside – 2,5 weeks.
Then she increased her dose to 3 capsules a day. This increase produced
another “die-off reaction”, so she had to stay on the 3 capsules per day for a
month before she could move on. In this manner she gradually got up to 8
capsules a day – her therapeutic dose. I recommended her to stay on this
dose for 6 months. In this period of time all her main symptoms subsided
and some started going. After 6 months, she decided to stay on the
therapeutic dose for longer, as she felt well on it. After another 4 months on
8 capsules per day, she felt strong enough to start reducing the dose. She
gradually reduced it to 4 capsules a day – her maintenance dose. After about
2 years on this dose she found that she could discontinue the probiotic (as it
is expensive) and only take it occasionally, when she was under particular
stress.
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cover story: PROBIOTICS
probiotics:
healing the mind
The idea that disease starts in the gut is not new, but a Cambridge practitioner has taken it a
stage farther by showing how the restoration of gut flora plays a crucial part in the treatment
of children with learning and behavioural disorders. CAM editor Simon Martin talks to
Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride, MD, of the Cambridge Nutrition Clinic.
r Natasha Campbell-McBride knows about
D
to university and trained as a nutritionist. We have compromised gut flora.“
children’s health from personal changed his diet and after trying various nutritional As a result, she says, we also have an epidemic
experience. Her son was diagnosed supplements we have found the ones that work. An of poor health in children. “We hardly have any
autistic when he was three. At three and a autistic child needs a very special nutritional healthy children nowadays. One survey showed that
half, he started a programme of treatment. Now management, a major part of it being – putting his only 10% of school children did not have a
10, he attends a mainstream school. gut flora right! Gut flora is a living organism very diagnosed condition. If you look at a typical school,
“I remember that traumatic moment of the sensitive to the diet, antibiotics, steroids and stress. you hardly see any healthy children. Some are
diagnosis ‘Autism’, being announced to us by our “Diet on its own is a very powerful tool in obese, some look malnourished, a lot of them are
doctor followed by a statement 'There is nothing helping an autistic child. But it cannot solve all the very pale, a lot of them have eczema, a lot of them
that can be done', says Natasha. “Well, being a problems without nutritional supplements. In order have asthma. About 30% of them are on inhalers.
doctor myself, I have to say ‘Your doctor is wrong! to rebalance the gut flora it is essential to use a The situation is very sad.“
There is a lot that can be done’.“ strong multi-strain probiotic. Recent international studies have suggested a
Natasha and her partner Peter were founding “He showed an excellent response to relatively strong causal relationship between
members of PEACH (Parents for the Early intervention probiotics. From about two to three months after increased risk of childhood asthma and exposure to
of Autism in Children). PEACH is a parent-led group starting it we saw dramatic improvements in our antibiotics during childhood, especially during the
helping parents of children with autism Intensive son – his eye contact became normal and stable, first year of life.
Behavioural Intervention Programmes. Also known as the self-stimulation had almost disappeared, he Prof Julian Crane of Otago University has
ABA, this approach is based on highly personalised, generally became more aware and with us. commented: “Our paper, together with a study
one-to-one coaching that teaches children language, Everybody comments on how healthy he looks. He published …in Thorax (Farooqi IS, et al. Thorax
play, academic, intellectual, self-help and social used to be on a milk-free diet. We introduced some 1998;53:927-32), raises the possibility that broad-
skills. An ABA programme can sometimes achieve milk products back into his diet and found that he spectrum antibiotics, particularly in the first year of
miracles, but Natasha’s research and experience has tolerates it now without any symptoms.“ life, may be associated with an increased risk of
shown her that it is still not enough. As a result of their experience, Peter heads up atopy and asthma. For reasons that have been
“Looking back now, nobody could predict that a Cambridge Bioceuticals, a UK company founded by pointed out in both papers, these results cannot be
little boy without any language, constantly self a team of doctors, nutritionists and scientists taken as definitive, but rather as hypothesis-raising.
stimulating, eating very little apart from milk from a dedicated to advancing the research and use of “On the other hand, the results are plausible.
baby bottle could undergo such a transformation. probiotics. And he has become one of many Broad-spectrum antibiotics came into clinical usage
On the whole what happened to him can only be children able to be helped by a combination of in the 1960s, and their increased use coincides
described as a miracle. However, his achievements treatments with one thing in common – the use of with the time trends for the increasing prevalence
are not due solely to the ABA programme“, says powerful, multi-strain therapeutic probiotics. of asthma. There is a plausible mechanism, namely
Natasha. “More than 400 children have gone through my that broad-spectrum antibiotics may alter and
“A huge part of his transformation was in his clinic“, says Natasha. “Hyperactive children, reduce bowel flora and thus switch off the
nutritional management. Being trained as a medical children with dyslexia and asthma and eczema and immunological signals that these gut bacteria send
doctor I knew that conventional medicine has ADHD and other disabilities, and what I see is that to the developing immune system.“ (1) Crane has
nothing to offer children like my son. So I went back what we have in our society is an epidemic of also showed, with a study of 450 children at six
Steiner schools in New Zealand, that even with person has a fairly solid gut flora, then it usually environment stimuli in a normal, natural way,
parents opposed to the routine use of antibiotics, a recovers. But if antibiotics are repeated quite often, people start reacting in an allergic type of way.
staggering 75% of the children had used and particularly when people are prescribed long “The gut flora’s really a huge, huge agent. On
antibiotics, 36% in the first year of life! courses – such as when people with acne are put on average everyone carries two kilograms of bacteria
Autism is also exploding. “In this country one tetracycline for 2 years or so – they invariably finish in their gut. There are more cells there than there
child in 250 is diagnosed as autistic, when 10 years up with digestive disorders like IBS, because their are in an entire human body. We can’t live without
ago we had one child in 10,000“, says Natasha. gut flora gets wiped up. When the beneficial this mass of bacteria and it’s a highly organised
This is nothing to do with improvements or changes bacteria are not there, then all sorts of pathogens microbial world, dominated by beneficial bacteria.
in diagnosis, she says. “The medical establishment and opportunists get a chance to grow to occupy the “What I am seeing now are generations of
and the government are trying to present it that gut and to populate it. They start digesting food in people in this country with compromised gut flora –
way. But what that would mean is that 10 years their own way, breaking it down into inappropriate because I don’t just examine the child, I get a full
ago doctors were so bad at diagnosing our children substances. And they also damage the gut lining, medical history of the parents and the grandparents.
that they were missing one child in 250. But autism making the gut leaky and allowing this maldigested “A grandmother, for example, perhaps has
is not a disability that goes away as the child food to get absorbed. The immune system reacts to arthritis, which is another sign of toxicity in the body.
grows up. If they had missed one child in 250 10 this maldigested food as foreign substances and When opportunists and pathogenic bacteria occupy
years ago, then we would still only have one in 250 hence you get allergies.“ the gut, they produce a lot of toxic substances. These
teenagers with autism now, which we don’t. Now maybe it’s just the fashion, but everybody toxic substances seep through into the bloodstream
Everybody who knows and works with autism is you meet these days says they have some sort of and settle in different tissues of the body causing an
convinced that there is an epidemic going on.“ allergy. It’s either hayfever or permanently runny auto-immune attack on those tissues as the immune
Although various causative factors have been nose or skin rashes or food intolerances. system tries to clean the body up. So someone with
promoted, Natasha is convinced that disturbed gut Practitioners may distinguish between true allergies arthritis usually has some abnormalities with the gut
flora is at the root of it. She has a well-worked out and “mere“ intolerances or sensitivities, but the flora; they are being poisoned by their own gut. There
chain of events that even explains how a public doesn’t. To them, there’s not doubt is a certain level of toxicity in the body, which has
compromised flora – and all that goes with it – has whatsoever that there’s an epidemic of allergies too. particular design to settle in the joints. So the
been passed on through the generations. Unless it “Allergies usually happen when the immune grandmother will have arthritis, or rheumatoid
is corrected, future generations are doomed to an system gets out of balance“, says Natasha. “The arthritis, or allergies or digestive disorders.
ever-increasing level of ill-health, with potentially major balancing agent of the immune system in the “A baby is born with a sterile gut and as the
no one safe from a cycle of infections, allergies, body is the gut with its gut flora. The flora can baby goes throughout the birth canal at birth, it
arthritis, digestive disorders, atopy and, for some, literally be described as the right hand of our swallows its first batches of bacteria. So a major
hyperactivity, ADHD and autism. I asked her to immune system. But when the beneficial gut flora part of the gut flora which would populate the
explain this devastating theory; she started with is not there, the two major arms of immunity, TH1 virgin gut of the baby, comes from the mother. So
the basics. immunity and TH2, get out of balance. [*types of this grandmother gives her compromised gut flora
“We really started prescribing antibiotics for helper cells: current wisdom is that TH2 cells to her daughter. So now the daughter will be prone
everything and anything in the ‘70s and ‘80s“, she stimulate production of IgE, the master of allergic to PMS perhaps, to migraines, to digestive
says. “That’s when we started to get generations of reactions, while Tl cells inhibit]. disorders – that’s what I see in mothers of autistic
people with compromised gut flora. Antibiotics wipe The end result of abnormal gut flora is a children. Between 95-100% of mothers of children
out the beneficial bacteria as well as the pathogenic weakening of the TH1 arm; the TH2 gets over- with autism, hyperactivity, asthma, eczema and
bacteria. Remember, our beneficial bacteria are very active, and that’s the arm of the immunity that’s other problems, also have conditions that are
vulnerable to antibiotics and get wiped out very responsible for allergic type reactions, atopic type related to abnormal gut flora. I hardly ever see
quickly. If the course of antibiotics is short and the reactions. So instead of reacting to the healthy mothers.
Specific carbohydrate diet – no grains, no lactose, no sucrose

Elaine Gottschall says: “Of all dietary components, digestion is improved. The SCD corrects high in lactose content and are restricted: ricotta,
carbohydrates have the greatest influence on malabsorption, allowing nutrients to enter the mozzarella, cottage cheese, cream cheese, feta, and
intestinal microbes (yeast and bacteria) which are bloodstream and be made available to the cells of processed cheeses and cheese spreads.
believed to be involved in intestinal disorders. Most the body, thereby strengthening the immune Commercial yogurt contains a high amount of
intestinal microbes require carbohydrates for energy. system’s ability to fight. Further debilitation is lactose and is not allowed. Heavy cream, buttermilk,
The SC diet works by severely limiting the availability prevented, weight can return to normal, and and sour cream are not allowed.
of carbohydrates to intestinal microbes. ultimately there is a return to health.” ■ Misc: Other foods that are not permitted include:
When carbohydrates are not digested, they are not bread, pasta, other starchy foods, canola oil,
absorbed. They remain in the intestinal tract, thus Disallowed Foods: commercial mayonnaise (because of additives), ice
encouraging microbes to multiply by providing food for ■ Sugars: Do not eat sugar, molasses, sucrose, high cream, candy, chocolate, carob, whey powder,
them. This can lead to the formation of acids and toxins fructose corn syrup, fructose, or any processed margarine, commercial ketchup, stevia, baking
that can injure the small intestine. sugar. powder, commercial nut mixes, balsamic vinegar,
Once bacteria multiply within the small intestine, ■ Veggies: No canned vegetables are permitted. and FOS (fructooligosaccharides) products.
they can destroy the enzymes on the intestinal cell ■ Grains: All grains are not permitted, such as: corn,
surface, preventing carbohydrate digestion and wheat, wheat germ, barley, oats, rye, rice, Allowed Foods – quantities are not restricted if you
absorption. At this point, production of excessive buckwheat, soy, spelt, amaranth, and others. Some eat a balanced diet
mucus may be triggered as the intestinal tract legumes are not allowed: chick peas, bean sprouts, ■ Sugars: Honey is the only allowed sugar product.
attempts to “lubricate” itself against the irritation soybeans, mung beans, faba beans, and garbanzo Not everyone can tolerate it, so use with caution.
caused by the toxins, acids, and the presence of beans. Starchy foods are not permitted, such as: ■ Veggies: Most vegetables, fresh or frozen and raw
incompletely digested and unabsorbed carbohydrates. potatoes, yams, and parsnips. Seaweed and or cooked, are allowed including: asparagus,
The SCD is based on the principle that specifically seaweed by-products, such as agar and broccoli, cauliflower, artichokes, beets, Brussells
selected carbohydrates, requiring minimal digestion, carrageenan, are not allowed. sprouts, cabbage, carrots celery, cucumbers,
are well absorbed, leaving virtually nothing for ■ Meats: All canned meats are forbidden. Most eggplant, zucchini,
intestinal microbes to feed on. As the microbes processed meats are not permitted. Make sure summer squash, rhubarb, peppers, garlic, lettuce,
decrease due to lack of food, their harmful by- processed meat doesn't contain any harmful additive spinach, mushrooms (unless
products also diminish. No longer needing such as corn, corn products, starch, and sugars. you have candidiasis), onions, turnips, and
protection, the mucus producing cells stop ■ Dairy: All variations of milk are not allowed: whole, watercress. Be careful of raw vegetables when
producing excessive mucus and carbohydrate skim, 1%, 2%, chocolate, etc. Some cheeses are diarrhoea is present.
“What happens is that she initially inherited the neurotoxin can be transported along the vagus
compromised gut flora from her mum, but she grows nerve from the intestinal tract to the central nervous
up and at the age of 15 or 16, she goes on a system and into the brain, disrupting the release of
contraceptive pill. Many mothers use an oral neurotransmitters. Another form of clostridium
contraceptive for quite a few years before they’re produces a botulinic neurotoxin, says Natasha.
ready to have children. The contraceptive pill is a Other researchers believe that sulphate-reducing
steroid and that damages the gut flora even further. bacteria in a disturbed gut flora may explain why
It has a devastating effect on the gut flora. around 95% of autistic children have low serum
So by the time this woman is ready to have sulphate – about 15% of that found in controls (3).
children her gut flora is seriously compromised and The resulting reduced sulphation not only increases
that’s what she passes to her child. gut permeability and inflammation but may also
“Because the gut flora is the major part of the inactive neurotransmitters involved in the
immune system, when children are born with modulation of mood and behaviour. The sulphate
compromised gut flora they are left immune- research trail was kick-started by the observations of
compromised as well. With autistic children and the UK self-help group Allergy Induced Autism. AIA
hyperactive children, we see that in the first year of encouraged Dr Rosemary Waring of Birmingham
life and second year of life they’re very prone to University, whose pioneering research proved that
infections, to ear infections in particular, and a lot autistic children have problems with detoxification,
of chest infections as well. They quite often go so that certain foods and used neuro-transmitters
through one ear infection after another and are not processed effectively. (4)
eventually they are put on permanent antibiotics, One of the most significant findings is that
which would wipe out whatever precious little The diagram above demonstrates some of the interrelationships
opportunistic fungi in the gut can produce opiate-like
beneficial bacteria they got in there.“ between ADD/ADHD, the immune system and the workings of substances. Dr Alan Friedman, PhD, a Johnson &
metabolism. (From The Great Plains Laboratory,
If you thought that grandmother’s breast- Johnson researcher with an interest in autism, has
www.greatplainslaboratory.com/adhdbreaking.html)
feeding may have gone some way to repairing this found dermorphin and deltorphin in the urine of
damage, think again. months, they usually can’t digest them – particularly autistic children (5). As Reading university’s Dr Max
“Breast-feeding is the best thing to establish dairy milk proteins. This results in toxicity coming Bingham, PhD, comments, these compounds are
normal gut flora. But breast milk is a two-sided coin. from pathogens such as the clostridia and candida “many times more potent than morphine“ and had
On one hand it’s the best food for the baby, because families, which grow in abnormal gut environment previously only been found on the skin of “poison
children who are not breast-fed develop completely producing particular kind of toxins that reduce the dart frogs“ and traditionally used as arrow-tip
different gut flora from those who are. And that sort ability of the stomach to produce acids.“ poisons and hallucinogens.
of gut flora predisposes them later to all sorts of There is already a well-established “opioid
health problems. So breast-feeding is best. On the Vaccinations theory of autism“, in which researchers have
other hand, a woman whose gut is populated by Then we have to stir in vaccinations – another assault confirmed that children with autism had many
abnormal flora will have toxins from that gut flora in on the immune system. “Vaccinations are designed abnormal peptides (small pieces of partially broken
her blood. And whatever’s in her blood is likely to be for healthy immune systems. But children who are down proteins) in their urine. These included
in her breast-milk. So she will be passing toxins born to mothers with compromised gut flora are casomorphine and gliadomorphin. These peptides
through her breast-milk to her baby. already immune-compromised. They can’t take these are the breakdown products of casein and gluten,
“A lot of these children have low stomach vaccines. They cannot react to them the way they are giving a sound biochemical basis for a successful
acidity. So when they start solids at the age of six supposed to. Vaccines deepen the damage to the dietary intervention first investigated in Norway
immune system in these children. Indeed in certain and then replicated at the university of
cases MMR just tips the scale. In some children it’s Sunderland’s Autism Research Unit by Dr Paul
not MMR that tips the scale it’s DPT, the triple Shattock and colleagues (6).
vaccine which is given to children at a very early age Opiates and the gluten/casein sensitivity turn
■ Legumes: Dried navy beans, lentils, peas, split – at 1.5 months, 2.5 and 3.5 months. This vaccine also autism into a living nightmare for the afflicted
peas, unroasted cashews, peanuts in a shell, all contains thimerosal, a mercury-containing children. “These opiates absorb very well, cross the
natural peanut butter, lima beans, and string preservative, which is in most DPT vaccinations.“ blood-brain barrier and then block the brain in
beans. Because of all these factors, a baby is not going certain areas“, says Natasha. “These children have
■ Meats: All unprocessed meats such as: beef, to develop normal gut flora. If the normal bacteria are got normal eyes, normal ears, normal tactile
pork, chicken, turkey, quail, ostrich, fish, shellfish,
not there, then the coast is clear for all sorts of sensitivity, but their brains cannot process the
lamb, venison, rabbit, and eggs. Some processed
meats are allowed, but many require writing letters pathogens to take hold. On top of that, says Natasha, information. So the result is that children don’t hear,
to manufacturers to verify the absence of restricted because the normal gut flora plays a huge role in don’t see and don’t feel the same way we do. The
foods. Many processed meats contain sugar, digestion and absorption of food, these children go whole sensory input gets jumbled up in their heads.
starch, corn products, and other disallowed foods. on to develop multiple nutritional deficiencies. “In They don’t develop speech because they don’t hear
■ Dairy: All natural cheeses except those listed parallel, the pathogenic flora convert the food into a properly. The speech that is addressed to them from
above are allowed: cheddar, colby, swiss, havarti, whole host of toxic substances. A lot of these toxins their parents, from their carers, is jumbled in their
dry curd cottage cheese, etc. Homemade yogurt
have been well-studied and you can test for them. heads. They can’t make sense out of it. The highly
that has been fermented for a minimum of 24
hours is allowed and encouraged.
They have been found routinely in autistic children functioning autistic individual they say that quite
■ Fruits: Most fruits are allowed such as: and in hyperactive children.“ often they can see one half of the page and can’t
avocados, apples, tomatoes, olives, apricots, Some of these toxins are well-known to CAM see the other. They can hear certain vowels and they
ripened bananas, coconuts, dates, berries, practitioners, such as the acetaldehyde produced by can’t hear others. They can hear certain frequencies
cherries, citrus fruits, peaches, pears, tropical yeasts acting on sugars, and the ethanol that results but not others. One child, for example, could clearly
fruits, and grapes. Nuts Almonds, Brazil nuts, from that when candida species get going. Others hear his mother’s voice, but not his father’s. The
walnuts, chestnuts, filberts, and pecans. are less familiar, but can be found in the medical same happens with children with dyslexia; that’s
■ Misc: The following foods are allowed: olive oil,
literature. Clostridium, for example, one of the why they can’t read, because their visual areas of
coconut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, weak tea, weak
coffee, unflavoured gelatin, mustard, vinegar, opportunistic pathogens unleashed by antibiotics is the brain are blocked with toxicity.“
saccharin, and juices with no additives. known to produce a potent tetanus neurotoxin, And this all comes from the gut. Just like the
• Food lists from the SCD Web Library www.scdiet.org
which has been identified as a possible cause of nature cure pioneers always maintained: your gut
autism in some case. (2) The suggestion is that this can poison you. The good news is that the gut can
be helped back into balance and the research “Wakefield was the first gastroenterologist to gentle effectiveness of juices to chelation.
clearly supports dietary intervention. – autism is seriously look at it; he found the same thing – an “The child has a couple of 8oz glasses a day of
NOT all in the mind. autistic child’s gut is chock a block. He also found freshly pressed juice. Therapeutic kinds of juices are
“Diet is a huge part of the treatment for these inflammation, which in some features was similar generally vegetable juices, particularly green juices,
children“, says Natasha. “They need the kind of diet to ulcerative colitis, in others was similar to Crohn’s which taste ghastly! So I suggest 50% of something
that heals the digestive tract, stops it leaking and disease and others were unique to autistic children. tasty, like pineapple or orange or apple or mango, to
establishes the normal gut flora.“ Natasha employs He found abscesses filled with pus. He found disguise the taste of the other 50%. Of that about
the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, a strict grain-free, ulcers, he found compaction, he found erosions, he 40% will be carrot juice, 10% beetroot. You have to
lactose-free and sucrose-free meal plan that limits found the whole length was inflamed. And because be careful with beetroot because it is extremely
the particular carbohydrates needed by harmful these children cannot communicate, they cannot tell powerful and can really make you sick. So other
yeasts and bacteria. (See panel.) Only mono sugars you that they’re in pain, cannot tell you that their juices we use are celery, lettuce and then greens
are allowed: fructose, galactose and some others tummy is hurting, the parents don’t know about it. like spinach, parsley, dill, fresh nettles, dandelion
found in fresh vegetables, fresh fruit and honey. But many do go to doctors and say ‘My child has leaves, those sort of things.“
The original diet was developed in the 1950s by diarrhoea’, ‘My child has constipation’. Some of The children use the juices while on the
Drs Sidney and Merrill Haas to cure patients with these children have horrendous constipation. They Specific Carbohydrate Diet. The only other thing
coeliac disease and was first published in the Haas’s don’t go to the toilet for a week to ten days and they drink is water – unchlorinated, bottled or
book The Management of Celiac Disease in 1951. It then they have an enormous, extremely painful hard filtered, and lots of it.
has since been championed by biochemist and cell stool, which cracks their anus and the anus bleeds. To check progress, Natasha may use a Great
biologist Elaine Gottschall, MS, author of Breaking This sort of experience is very painful for the child, Smokies stool test. “It is useful when we have been
the Vicious Cycle: Intestinal Health through Diet so they end up holding on for as long as they can, through the intial stages of the programme and if
(first published in 1987 and still in print). Gottschall’s until they just can’t hold any longer – and they have we are struggling with something and what to know
eight-year-old daughter, diagnosed by specialists another hard stool.“ what’s going on. I don’t do the test before we have
with incurable ulcerative colitis and with a Remember, these are children who are also done the intial baseline treatment.“
deteriorating condition, was symptom-free in two unable to communicate to their parents and carers The only other test she is liable to use is the
years after following the Haas instructions. With the pain they are in. organic acid test (OAT) developed by Dr William
more than 40 years experience of the diet, Gottschall Along with diet, Natasha says supplementation is Shaw of the Great Plains Laboratory. A non-
says; “Some of the most dramatic and fastest very important. Probiotics are the absolute foundation invasive urine test, it measures around 70 different
recoveries have occurred in babies and young – but they must be the right sort. And that means a biochemical compounds, picking up abnormal
children with severe constipation and among multi-strain product containing soil bacteria, not just urinary metabolites that are the “signatures“ that
children who, along with intestinal problems, had lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. These are what she can reveal what specific overgrowth a child has. It
serious behaviour problems. These included autistic- calls “therapeutic“ probiotics as opposed to the also reveals some nutritional deficiencies.
type hyperactivity as well as hyperactivity, often milder, prophylactic products. “You need soil bacteria We’ll give Shaw the last word: “The last half of
accompanied by severe and prolonged night terrors. to break down the putrefaction and clear out the this century could be termed the era of antibiotics.
Very often the behaviour problems and night terrors pathogenic flora because they are aggressive, they The next century will be involved in developing
cleared up within ten days after initiation of the actually use them in industry because they have great new antimicrobial treatments (probiotics or
Haas Specific Carbohydrate Diet.“ (7) ability to clear out putrefied waste. They work in a beneficial bacteria) or other therapies that have
Natasha says, “Autistic disorder is essentially a clinical setting far more effectively.“ less potential for harming young children. Pasteur
digestive disorder. So once you put the digestive Even so, a child is typically kept on the strict diet and others found that lethal strains of bacteria
tract right, you lay the ground for recovery.“ and taking probiotics for at least two years. could be rendered harmless if animals were given
Dr Andrew Wakefield is the internationally “Nothing works that fast in nature“, she says. The other benign bacteria simultaneously.“ (9) cam
respected gastroenterologist who was researching good news is that autisic children are born with • Dr Campbell-McBride holds a Degree in Medicine and a
Crohn’s and Ulcerative colitis when he found a type normal brains and recovery is possible. “The majority Postgraduate Degree in Neurology. She also holds a
second Postgraduate Degree in Human Nutrition from
of inflammatory bowel disease in autistic children of them are developing normally until the scales are Sheffield University. In her Cambridge Clinic she
who had received the MMR vaccine. He was sacked tipped and toxicity starts affecting their brain specialises in Nutrition for Children with Learning
Disabilities, and Adults with Digestive and Immune System
when he published his findings in the Lancet. development. It usually happens in the second year Disorders. She lectures at a BANT-accredited conference
Wakefield has written: “I sit across from you as the of life. If you catch them early and you teach them in London on October 9.
parent and you say: 'this is what happened to my appropriately, they become perfectly normal, they • Cambridge Bioceuticals Probiotics site:www.bio-kult.com
Includes case histories and other articles by Dr Natasha
child, they were developing normally, they had finish up in mainstream schools. Obviously they’re Campbell-McBride.
speech, language, social skills, they received their all different, some of them would have some • Reprinted from CAM Magazine August 2003.
MMR vaccine and they developed bowel symptoms idiosyncracies, or they’ll be a little bit eccentric, but
References
and their behaviour deteriorated, I lost them, the they’re within normal range.“ 1. Wickens K, Pearce N, Crane J, Beasley R. Antibiotic use in
light went out'. You listen to that story, you don't Apart from fish oils, she doesn’t include many early childhood and the development of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy
1999;29:766-771. Crane quoted at
buy into it, but you say: 'is there anything I can do to other supplements. “I do believe in providing most www.chiroweb.com/archives/17/17/01.html
substantiate this in my job as a physician?' You things through the diet with children. Once the diet 2. Bolte ER, (1998). Autism and Clostridium tetani. Medical
Hypotheses 51(2): 133-144.
investigate the symptoms and you find that there is is put right, the gut starts healing and the child 3. Waring (2001). Sulphate, sulphation and gut permeability: are
an inflammatory bowel disease that has gone starts absorbing nutrients from food.“ cytokines involved? In: The Biology of Autism – Unravelled.
Conference proceedings 11th May 2001, Institute of Electrical
unrecognised in these children . So the parents Similarly, she finds that once the gut flora is right Engineers, Savoy Place, London.
were right“. (8) a lot of food intolerances disappear and the major 4. Alberti A, Pirrone P, Elia M, Waring RH, Romano C.Sulphation
deficit in “low-functioning“ autistic children: a pilot study. Biol
According to Natasha, before Wakefield started source of toxicity is removed, easing the load on the Psychiatry 1999 Aug 1;46(3):420-4
investigating, the medical profession didn’t want to liver and detoxification systems. However, some 5. Unpublished research reported in Autism and the Human Gut
Microflora, by Dr Max Bingham, PhD, Food Microbial Sciences
know about digestive abnormalities in autistic children will need to be actively detoxified using Unit, University of Reading, accessed online at
children. “How many autistic children that I see have combinations of juices. “We all have a so-called www.fst.rdg.ac.uk/research/fmsu/Autism.htm6. Shattock P and
Whiteley P. (2001) How dietary intervention could ameliorate the
digestive abnormalities!“ she says. “All parents talk detoxification system. When the system is overloaded symptoms of autism. Pharmaceutical Journal, July 7; 267(7155).
with toxicity, overloaded with work“, she explains, 7. From chapter one of Breaking the Vicious Cycle, accessed
about it. They have diarrhoea, constipation, online at http://66.40.242.169/chap1.html
flatulence, pain, bloating, the whole picture. So the “then the more you store it in various tissues in order 8. “Why I Owe It To Parents To Question Triple Vaccine”, Andrew
Wakefield explains why he first warned of a possible link between
occasional child who actually made it to to deal with it later. But in children which are highly the MMR jab and autism, Sunday Herald (Scotland), 10 Feb 2002.
gastroenterologist and whose gut has been x-rayed, toxic, autistic children, the time never comes for the Accessed online at http://www.sundayherald.com/22194
9. Interview with Dr William Shaw about microbial metabolites in
invariably showed faecal compaction. Old compacted toxins which are stored in tissues.“ They also tend to autism and other developmental disorders, accessed online at
rotten faeces glued to the walls of their gut. store a lot of heavy metals – even so, she prefers the www.autism.com/shaw-yeast/interv.html

Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAP Syndrome or GAPS)
Dr. N. Campbell-McBride MD
We live in the world of unfolding epidemics. Autistic Spectrum Disorders,

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD), schizophrenia, dyslexia,
dyspraxia, depression, obsessive –compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder and
other neuro-psychological and psychiatric problems in children and adults are
becoming more and more common.
In clinical practice these conditions more often than not overlap with each other.
A patient with autism often is hyperactive and dyspraxic. There is about 50%
overlap between dyslexia and dyspraxia and 25-50% overlap between
hyperactivity and dyslexia and dyspraxia. Children with these conditions are often
diagnosed as being depressed and as they grow up they are more prone to drug
abuse or alcoholism than their typically developing peers. A young person
diagnosed with schizophrenia would often suffer from dyslexia, dyspraxia or/and
ADHD/ADD in childhood. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are often described
as two sides of one coin. We have created different diagnostic boxes to fit our
patients in, but a modern patient does not fit into any one of them neatly. The
modern patient in most cases fits into a rather lumpy picture of overlapping
neurological and psychiatric conditions. This picture leads us to the fact that
these conditions are related to each other by similar underlying causes. Let us
discuss what these causes may be.
What is a typical scenario we see in clinical practice?
Before examining the patient it is very important to look at the health history of
the parents. Whenever the parents are mentioned people immediately think
about genetics. However, apart from genetics there is something very important
the parents, mother in particular, pass to their child: their unique gut micro-flora.
Not many people know that an adult on average carries 2 kg of bacteria in the
gut. There are more cells in that microbial mass than there are cells in an entire
human body. It is a highly organised micro-world, where certain species of
bacteria have to predominate to keep us healthy physically and mentally. Their
role in our health is so monumental, that we simply cannot afford to ignore them.
We will talk in detail about the child’s gut flora later. Now let us come back to the
source of the child’s gut flora – the parents.
After studying hundreds of cases of neurological and psychiatric conditions in

children and adults, a typical health picture of these children’s mums has
emerged.
1
A typical modern mother was probably not breast fed when she was a baby,
because she was born in 60s or 70s when breast-feeding went out of fashion.
Why is it important? Because it is well known now that bottle fed babies develop
completely different gut flora to the breast fed babies. This compromised gut flora
in a bottle fed baby later on predisposes her to many health problems. Having
acquired compromised gut flora from the start, a typical modern mum had quite a
few courses of antibiotics in her childhood and youth for various infections. It is a
well known fact that antibiotics have a serious damaging effect on gut flora,
because they wipe out the beneficial strains of bacteria in the gut. At the age of
16 and sometimes even earlier the modern mum was put on a contraceptive pill,
which she took for quite a few years before starting a family. Contraceptive pills
have a devastating effect on the beneficial (good) bacteria in the gut. One of the
major functions of the good bacteria in the gut flora is controlling about 500
different known to science species of pathogenic (bad) and opportunistic
microbes. When the beneficial bacteria get destroyed the opportunists get a
special opportunity to grow into large colonies and occupy large areas of the
digestive tract. A modern diet of processed and fast foods provides perfect
nourishment for these pathogens and that is a typical diet a modern mum had as
a child and a young adult. As a result of all these factors a modern mum has
seriously compromised gut flora by the time she is ready to have children. And
indeed clinical signs of gut dysbiosis (abnormal gut flora) are present in almost
100% of mothers of children with neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Why are we talking about mother’s gut flora? Because her baby is born with a
sterile gut. In the first 20 or so days of life the baby’s virgin gut surface gets
populated by a mixture of microbes. This is the child’s gut flora, which will have a
tremendous effect on this child’s health for the rest of his/her life. Where does
this gut flora come from? Mainly from the mother.
So, whatever microbial flora the mother has she would pass to her new-born
child.
Gut flora is something we do not think much about. And yet the number of
functions the gut flora fulfils is so vital for us that if some day our digestive tract
got sterilised we probably would not survive.
The first and very important function is appropriate digestion and absorption of
food. If a child does not acquire normal balanced gut flora, then the child will not
digest and absorb foods properly, developing multiple nutritional deficiencies.
And that is what we commonly see in children and adults with learning
disabilities, psychiatric problems and allergies. Many of these patients are
malnourished. Even in the cases where the child may grow well, testing reveals
some typical nutritional deficiencies in many important minerals, vitamins,
essential fats, many amino-acids and other nutrients. The most common
deficiencies, recorded in these children, are in magnesium, zinc, selenium,
copper, calcium, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, potassium, vanadium,
boron, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, A, D, folic acid, pantothenic acid, omega-
2
3, 6, 9 fatty acids, taurine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, glutathione and many other
amino-acids. This usual list of nutritional deficiencies, commonly seen in these
children, includes some most important nutrients for normal development of the
child’s brain, immune system and the rest of the body.
Apart from normal digestion and absorption of food healthy gut flora actively
synthesises various nutrients: vitamin K, pantothenic acid, folic acid, thiamine
(vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6),
ciancobalamine (vitamin B12), various amino-acids and proteins. Indeed, when
tested people with gut dysbiosis always present with deficiencies of these
nutrients. Clinical experience shows that restoring the beneficial bacteria in their
gut is the best way to deal with these deficiencies.
The majority of children and adults with neurological and psychiatric conditions
look pale and pasty. When tested they show various stages of anaemia, which is
not surprising. To have healthy blood we require many different nutrients:
vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, K, A, D, etc), minerals (Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Co, Se,
boron, etc.), essential amino acids and fats. These patients not only can't absorb
these nutrients from food, but their own production of many of them in the body is
damaged. On top of that people with damaged gut flora often have particular
groups of pathogenic bacteria growing in their gut, which are iron-loving bacteria
(Actinomyces spp., Mycobacterium spp., pathogenic strains of E.Coli,
Corynebacterium spp. and many others). They consume whatever iron the
person gets from the diet, leaving that person deficient in iron. Unfortunately,
supplementing iron only makes these bacteria grow stronger and does not
remedy anaemia. To treat anaemia the person requires all the nutrients we have
mentioned many of which healthy gut flora supplies.
Apart from taking a vital part in nourishing the body, beneficial bacteria in the gut
act as the housekeepers for the digestive tract. They coat the entire surface of
the gut protecting it from invaders and toxins by providing a natural barrier and
producing a lot of anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal substances. At the
same time they provide the gut lining with nourishment. It is estimated that 60 –
70% of energy, the gut lining derives, is from the activity of bacteria, which live on
it. So, it is no surprise that when the gut flora is abnormal the digestive tract itself
can not be healthy. Indeed most patients with learning disabilities, psychiatric
disorders and allergies present with digestive problems. In many cases these
problems are severe enough for the patients or their parents to talk about them
first. In some cases they may not be severe, but when asked direct questions the
parents describe that their child never had normal stool, that their child suffered
from colic as a baby and that tummy pains and flatulence are a common part of
the picture. In those cases where these children have been examined by gastro-
enterologists, inflammatory process in the gut was found along with faecal
compaction and an over-spill syndrome.
3
Schizophrenic patients were always known to have serious digestive problems.
Dr. Curtis Dohan, MD has devoted many years to researching digestive
abnormalities in schizophrenia. He found a lot of similarities between coeliac
disease and the state of the digestive tract in schizophrenics. Indeed, long before
these patients develop psychotic symptoms they usually suffer from digestive
problems and all other typical symptoms of gut dysbiosis pretty much from the
start of their lives. Children and adults with ADHD/ADD, OCD, depression,
bipolar disorder and other neuro-psychological problems are very often reported
to suffer from digestive abnormalities.
What other symptoms of gut dysbiosis do we know?
Well functioning gut flora is the right hand of our immune system. The beneficial
bacteria in the gut ensure appropriate production of different immune cells,
immunoglobulins and other parts of the immunity. But most importantly they keep
the immune system in the right balance. What typically happens in a person with
gut dysbiosis is that two major arms of their immune system Th1 and Th2 get out
of balance with underactive Th1 and overactive Th2. As a result the immune
system starts reacting to most environmental stimuli in an allergic or atopic kind
of way.
A baby is born with an immature immune system. Establishment of healthy
balanced gut flora in the first few days of life plays a crucial role in appropriate
maturation of the immune system. If the baby does not acquire appropriate gut
flora then the baby is left immune compromised. The result is lots of infections
followed by lots of courses of antibiotics, which damage the child’s gut flora and
immune system even further. The most common infections in the first two years
of life in the children with neurological, psychological and atopic disorders are ear
infections, chest infections, sore throat and impetigo. At the same time in the first
two years of life the child receives a lot of vaccinations. A child with compromised
immune system does not react to vaccinations in a predicted way. In many cases
vaccines deepen the damage to the immune system and provide a source of
chronic persistent viral infections and autoimmune problems in these children.
There has been a considerable amount of research published into the state of
the immune system in children with learning disabilities and psychiatric problems.
The research shows deep abnormalities in all major cell groups and
immunoglobulins in these children. The most common autoantibodies found are
to myelin basic protein (MBP) and neuron-axon filament protein (NAFP). These
antibodies attack the child’s brain and the rest of the nervous system.
So, the modern child who we are talking about, did not get normal gut flora from
the start and then got it damaged even further by repeated courses of antibiotics
and vaccinations. As a result these children commonly suffer from digestive
problems, allergies, asthma and eczema. But apart from that in children and
adults who then go on to develop neurological and psychiatric problems
something even more terrible happens. Without control of the beneficial bacteria
different opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi have a good
4
chance to occupy large territories in the digestive tract and grow large colonies.
Two particular groups which are most commonly found on testing are yeasts
(including Candida species) and Clostridia family. These pathogenic microbes
start digesting food in their own way producing large amounts of various toxic
substances, which get absorbed into the blood stream, carried to the brain and
cross the blood – brain barrier. The number and mixture of toxins can be very
individual, causing different neurological and psychological symptoms. Due to the
absence or greatly reduced numbers of beneficial bacteria in the gut flora, the
person’s digestive system instead of being a source of nourishment becomes a
major source of toxicity in the body.
So, what kind of toxins are we talking about?
There are many toxins, which we have not studied very well yet. But some toxins
have received a considerable amount of research. Let us have a look at them.
Acetaldehyde & Alcohol. What have these substances got to do with our
patients?
The most common pathogenic microbes shown to overgrow in the digestive

systems of children and adults with neuro-psychological conditions and allergies
are yeasts, particularly Candida species. Yeasts ferment dietary carbohydrates
with production of alcohol and its by-product acetaldehyde. Let us see what does
a constant exposure to alcohol and acetaldehyde do to the body.
• Liver damage with reduced ability to detoxify drugs, pollutants and other
toxins.
• Pancreas degeneration with reduced ability to produce pancreatic enzymes,
which would impair digestion.
• Reduced ability of the stomach wall to produce stomach acid.
• Damage to immune system.
• Brain damage with lack of self-control, impaired co-ordination, impaired
speech development, aggression, mental retardation, loss of memory and
stupor.
• Peripheral nerve damage with altered senses and muscle weakness.
• Direct muscle tissue damage with altered ability to contract and relax and
muscle weakness.
• Nutritional deficiencies from damaging effect on digestion and absorption of
most vitamins, minerals and amino acids. Deficiencies in B and A vitamins
are particularly common.
• Alcohol has an ability to enhance toxicity of most common drugs, pollutants
and other toxins.
• Alteration of metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in the body.
5
• Inability of the liver to dispose of old neurotransmitters, hormones and other
by-products of normal metabolism. As a result these substances accumulate
in the body, causing behavioural abnormalities and many other problems.
Acetaldehyde is considered to be the most toxic of alcohol by-products. It is the

chemical, which gives us the feeling of hangover. Anybody who experienced a
hangover would tell you how dreadful he or she felt. Children, who acquire
abnormal gut flora with a lot of yeast from the start, may never know any other
feeling. Acetaldehyde has a large variety of toxic influences on the body. One of
the most devastating influences of this chemical is its ability to alter the structure
of proteins. Acetaldehyde – altered proteins are thought to be responsible for
many autoimmune reactions. Patients with neuro-psychological problems are
commonly found to have antibodies against their own tissues.
Clostridia Neurotoxins.
There are about 100 different Clostridia species known so far. They are present
in the stools of people with autism, schizophrenia, psychosis, severe depression,
muscle paralysis and muscle tonus abnormalities and some other neurological
and psychiatric conditions. Many Clostridia species are normal inhabitants of the
human gut. For example Clostridium tetani is routinely found in the gut of healthy
humans and animals. Everybody knows that tetanus is a deadly disease, due to
an extremely powerful neurotoxin Clostridium tetani produces. Clostridium tetani,
which lives in the gut, is normally controlled by the beneficial bacteria and does
us no harm, because its toxin cannot get through the healthy gut wall.
Unfortunately, patients who we are talking about, do not have a healthy gut wall.
In gut dysbiosis this powerful neurotoxin may well get absorbed through the
damaged gut lining and then cross the blood-brain barrier affecting the patient’s
mental functioning. Many other species of Clostridia (perfringens, novyi,
septicum, histolyticum, sordelli, aerofoetidum, tertium, sporogenes, etc) produce
toxins similar to tetanus toxin as well as many other toxins. Dr. William Shaw at
Great Plains Laboratories describes in detail a number of autistic children, who
showed serious improvements in their development and biochemical tests while
on anti-Clostridia medication. Unfortunately, as soon as the medication was
stopped the children slipped back into autism, because these children do not
have healthy gut flora to control Clostridia and not to allow their toxins through
the gut lining into the bloodstream. In many cases Clostridia were not identified in
the stools of these children, because Clostridia are strict anaerobes and are very
difficult to study. We need to come up with some better ways of testing for these
potent pathogens.
Yeasts and Clostridia have been given a special opportunity by the era of
antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics do not touch them while killing the
beneficial bacteria in the gut, which are supposed to control the yeasts and
Clostridia. So, after every course of antibiotics these two pathogenic groups get
out of control and overgrow. The children that we are talking about usually are
6
exposed to numerous courses of antibiotics pretty much from the beginning of
their lives.
Gluteomorphins & Casomorphins or opiates from gluten and casein.
Opiates are drugs, like opium, morphine and heroin, which are commonly used
by drug addicts. What have they got to do with our patients?
Gluten is a protein present in grains, mainly wheat, rye, oats, barley. Casein is a
milk protein, present in cow, goat, sheep, human and all other animal milk and
milk products. In gut dysbiosis these proteins do not have a chance to be
digested properly before they get absorbed in the form of substances with similar
chemical structure to opiates, like morphine and heroin. There has been quite a
substantial amount of research done in this area by Dohan, Reichelt, Shattock,
Cade and others, where gluten and casein peptides, called gluteomorphin and
casomorphin, were detected in the urine of schizophrenic patients, autistic and
ADHD children. Incidentally, these substances were also found in patients with
depression and rheumatoid arthritis. These opiates from wheat and milk get
through the blood-brain barrier and block certain areas of the brain, just like
morphine or heroin would do, causing various neurological and psychological
symptoms.
We have mentioned a few toxins found in these patients. There are many other
toxins, which are being studied. The mixture of toxicity in each child or adult can
be quite individual and different. But what they all have in common is gut
dysbiosis. The toxicity, which is produced by the abnormal microbial mass in
these patients, establishes a link between the gut and the brain. That is why I
grouped these disorders under one name: the Gut and Psychology Syndrome
(GAP Syndrome or GAPS). The GAPS children and adults can present with
symptoms of autism, ADHD, ADD, OCD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, schizophrenia,
depression, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, allergies, asthma and eczema in
any possible combination. These are the patients who fall in the gap in our
medical knowledge. Any child or adult with a learning disability, neurological or
psychological problems and allergies should be thoroughly examined for gut
dysbiosis. Re-establishing normal gut flora and treating the digestive system of
the person has to be the number one treatment for these disorders, before
considering any other treatments with drugs or otherwise.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride MD

MMedSci (neurology)
MMedSci (human nutrition)
7
To learn more about Gut and Psychology Syndrome, how it develops and how
to treat it please look at the book by Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
“Gut and Psychology Syndrome”. Natural treatment for autism,
ADHD/ADD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, depression and schizophrenia.
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11

Dr. N. Campbell-McBride, MD
Not many people would choose to become parents of an autistic child. Yet it is
happening to more and more of us in our modern world. There is an
unmistakable epidemic of autism going on across the globe. If this can possibly
be of any comfort for a parent, then I would say that you are certainly not alone!
Most parents of autistic children can clearly recall that traumatic moment of the
diagnosis of "Autism" being announced to them by a doctor followed by the
statement "There is nothing that can be done.” Well, being a doctor myself, I
have to say that your doctor is wrong, there is a lot that can be done! I would
even go further, depending on your commitment and certain circumstances, you
have a good chance of bringing your child as close as possible to normality!
Hundreds of autistic children across the globe, appropriately treated and
educated become almost indistinguishable from their typically developing
(normal) peers. My own son was diagnosed severely autistic at the age of three.
Now at the age of 12 he has fully recovered and is leading a normal life. In my
clinic in Cambridge in England I work with hundreds of autistic children and
adults. My personal and professional involvement with autism has been my best
education in how to treat this disorder effectively.
Treating autism is not an easy task. It takes years of continuous effort and
commitment. But, being a parent myself, I can tell you that it is one of the most
rewarding experiences on Earth! In my book “Gut and Psychology Syndrome.
1
Natural Treatment for Autism, ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Depression and
Schizophrenia” I would like to share with you what I strongly believe to be the
appropriate treatment for an autistic child.
So, what is a typical scenario I see in clinical practice?
role in our health is so monumental, that we simply can not afford to ignore them.
After studying hundreds of cases of autism in children and adults, a typical health
picture of these children’s mums has emerged.
2
100% of mothers of children with autism and other neurological and psychiatric
conditions.
But why are we talking about mother’s gut flora? Because her baby is born with a
3
child.
same time they provide the gut lining with nourishment. So, it is no surprise that
when the gut flora is abnormal the digestive tract itself can not be healthy. Indeed
most patients with autistic spectrum disorders present with digestive problems. In
many cases these problems are severe enough for the parents to talk about
them first. In some cases they may not be severe, but when asked direct
questions the parents describe that their child never had normal stool, that their
4
child suffered from colic as a baby and that tummy pains and flatulence are a
common part of the picture. In those cases where these children have been
examined by gastroenterologists, inflammatory process in the gut was found
along with faecal compaction and an over-spill syndrome. The most recent
research was performed at the Royal Free Hospital in London by Dr. Andrew
Wakefield and his team. They found an inflammatory condition in the bowel of
autistic children, which they have named Autistic Enterocolitis.
Well functioning gut flora is the right hand of our immune system. A baby is born
with an immature immune system. Establishment of healthy balanced gut flora in
the first few days of life plays a crucial role in appropriate maturation of the
immune system. If the baby does not acquire appropriate gut flora then the baby
is left immune compromised. The result is lots of infections followed by lots of
courses of antibiotics, which damage the child’s gut flora and immune system
even further. At the same time in the first two years of life the child receives a lot
of vaccinations. A child with compromised immune system does not react to
vaccinations in a predicted way. In many cases vaccines deepen the damage to
the immune system and provide a source of chronic persistent viral infections
and autoimmune problems in these children.
So, the autistic child who we are talking about, did not get normal gut flora from
5
problems, allergies, asthma and eczema. But apart from that in autistic children
and adults something even more terrible happens. Without control of the
beneficial bacteria different opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, viruses and
fungi have a good chance to occupy large territories in the digestive tract and
grow large colonies. These pathogenic microbes start digesting food in their own
way producing large amounts of various toxic substances, which get absorbed
into the blood stream, carried to the brain and cross the blood – brain barrier.
Due to the absence or greatly reduced numbers of beneficial bacteria in the gut
flora, the child’s digestive system instead of being a source of nourishment
becomes a major source of toxicity in the body.
In my book “Gut and Psychology Syndrome. Natural Treatment for Autism,
ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Depression and Schizophrenia” we will look in great
detail at what particular toxins have been found in autistic children and adults and
how they make these children and adults autistic. The toxicity, which is produced
by the abnormal microbial mass in the digestive tract of the child, establishes a
link between the gut and the brain. That is why I named this condition: the Gut
and Psychology Syndrome (GAP Syndrome). Patients with GAP Syndrome
fall in the gap – the gap in our medical knowledge. As a result they do not receive
an appropriate treatment.
The book on GAP Syndrome explains how and why autism develops and how to
treat it using a sound nutritional protocol. The treatment is completely natural and
6
can be implemented at home. It is a self-help book with a comprehensive recipe
section and is written in easy to understand language. Knowledge is power! This
book gives the parents the power to help their child !
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, MD
MmedSci (neurology)
MmedSci (human nutrition)
Cambridge, England
To learn more about Gut and Psychology Syndrome, how it develops and how to
treat it with a sound nutritional protocol please look at the book by Dr.
Natasha Campbell-McBride “Gut and Psychology Syndrome.
Natural treatment for autism, ADHD/ADD, dyslexia, dyspraxia,
depression and schizophrenia.” You can get the book on
www.mindd.org or Tel: (61) (2)9388 7383
7
My Son
By Natasha Campbell-McBride, M.D.
Dr. Campbell-McBride, a neurologist who also holds a Master's degree in nutrition,

lives in Cambridge, UK, with her husband and her autistic son, who was born in the
autumn of 1992. Her clinic treats autistic children from around the world, and she is
currently working on a book on effective autism treatments. This story was written in
February 2003.
My son is 10 years old. He is in a mainstream school, doing well. His academic

achievements are within normal range for 10-year-olds, although math is not his
strong point. He can be clumsy as far as social skills are concerned, but he has friends,
and children generally like him. He can be naïve and hyperactive at times, but
amazingly mature at other times. His language is excellent with a wider-than-usual
vocabulary, and he likes to write poetry and short stories. He is learning to play piano
and is doing very well, particularly at composing his own music. No one would
suspect what this child and his parents have been through. Nobody who meets him
now would ever think of autism in connection with this boy. All this is now. I have
been asked to look into the past and describe how we got here.
It is always painful for a mother to recall those years of desperation and hard work
with an autistic child. It is particularly painful to realize all the things you were doing
wrong. If only we knew then what we know now! If only we had done this and that,
when he was smaller, he may have developed very differently.
However, I do not regret for a moment the mind-blowing educational journey my son
took me through. When he was born, I was an M.D. trained in neurology with seven
years' working experience. But as they say, doctors make the worst patients. When it
comes to your own child, you are just as prone to denial and blindness as any other
parent. Apart from that, as all the parents of autistic children discover, doctors know
very little about autism. They are taught how to diagnose it, but when it comes to
treatment, official medicine has nothing to offer. On the contrary, it is hell bent on
convincing you that there is nothing you can do and that any other opinion is
quackery. So, being a doctor has given me no advantage at all.
Our son was diagnosed autistic at the age of three. After the initial shock and grieving
my husband and I started to learn as much as we could about autism. In those days
there wasn't as much information available on the subject as there is now, but at least
there was something offering our son hope. I remember that somebody gave us a
phone number for Dr. Rimland in California. We had a long conversation with him
and as a result our son was on an ABA program by the age of 3 1/2. At the same time
he started taking DMG. This conversation with Dr. Rimland was like a ray of
sunshine in our lives. Here was a person who knew so much about autism and who
was prepared to share his knowledge with us and help us. Here was a parent who did
not accept the official position on autism and who had devoted his life to changing
that position. I am sure that there are thousands of families around the world forever
grateful to this man. I want to add my family to that list.
From the very beginning the ABA program was performing absolute miracles with
our boy. I will never forget our first workshop with our excellent ABA consultant,
who had flown to us from the U.S. At the end of an exhausting two days of training,
she said that in three months' time she expected our son to speak in small sentences.
All of us, including our five therapists, thought that she was dreaming, because our
boy had no speech and his understanding of language was very questionable. But to
our huge surprise, she was right! We have meticulously recorded that period in our
son's life on video. In three months' time we were able to have quite a sensible
conversation with him.
As our son was moving through his ABA program I devoted my time to learning as
much as possible about biology, biochemistry, and nutrition in autism. It was clear to
me that our son's extreme fussiness with food—and as a result, very poor diet—had a
lot to do with his autism. I went back to university and took a master of sciences
degree in human nutrition. I devoted particular attention to studying the digestive
system's pathology and how to treat it by natural means. The reason for my interest
was the fact that our son's digestive system almost never functioned normally.
Beginning the day we introduced solids into his diet, he went through a period of
severe constipation, which eventually turned into constant diarrhea. Again, consulting
with official medicine was a complete disappointment. Apart from symptomatic drugs
with lots of side effects, it could offer our boy nothing to help with his digestive
problems, constant fungal nappy rash or tremendous feeding difficulties. At the same
time it was clear to me that his immune system was in disarray due to his poor
nutrition. Like many autistic children he went through ear infections, chest infections,
impetigo, and fungal thrush. And of course, all my medical colleagues offered were
antibiotics and more antibiotics.
Based on my newly acquired knowledge I changed his diet dramatically. Our ABA
consultant helped us work out a system of introducing foods into our son's diet.
Without that system it would have been impossible to change his diet, as he was so
finicky with food. Having examined diets that have been successful for children with
severe digestive problems, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and chronic
malnutrition, I realized that just introducing a gluten- and casein-free (GFCF) diet
would not be enough for my son. So I have worked on a far more natural and focused
approach, which also excludes gluten and casein. The result was amazing, as if
somebody had lifted a toxic fog off his brain. He was much calmer, much more able
to learn. His eye contact improved on its own and a lot of self-stimulation
disappeared.
At the same time we introduced a strong therapeutic probiotic. There was no doubt
that his gut flora was abnormal. From early on I have tried to give him various
probiotics, available on the market, with no particular results, until I found a formula
that worked. It was powerful enough to heal his digestive system to such an extent
that we could cheat on the diet on an occasional basis without any problems. At the
same time it gave his immune system such a boost that I don't remember now when
he last had a cold. Now he looks a picture of health with rosy cheeks and bright eyes
and he is full of energy. Since then I have developed my own probiotic formula,
which works very well for autistic children and people with digestive and immune
disorders.
It is impossible to overestimate the role of the family in the struggle against autism. I
have seen quite a few very sad situations, where one parent is trying to help a child
without the support of the other parent. Treating an autistic child is a huge
undertaking and united families usually succeed much better. I would like to say that
what we have achieved with our son, my husband and I have achieved together.
Without my husband's constant support, intellect, and organizational skills I would not
have been able to do half of what I have done in these years. Our son is very lucky to
have an excellent dad, of whom he is very fond.
A great part of the successful treatment of autism is the fact that parents of autistic
children all talk to each other. This is where we get our strength and inspiration to
carry on. Our success became an inspiration for many other families, who were
calling me and who were willing to try what we did. That is how my clinic for autistic
children started. Having seen hundreds of families from many different countries, I
never cease to admire their determination and strength in trying to help their children.
I have learned a lot from them and their experiences.
A few months ago at the end of a consultation, one of the parents looked at me and
asked in a stern voice, “Why haven't you written a book yet?!” That was followed by
a number of other parents telling me that I must write a book on autism. I am working
on it now. I feel that it is my duty to share the knowledge and clinical experience that
I have accumulated over the years thanks to my son and the many families of autistic
children I have met. I hope, too, that my experience will help others to avoid the
mistakes that we have made. We all eventually learn by our mistakes, but time is
precious for our children. The earlier we start helping them in the right way, the better
chance they get to recover from autism. I believe that every autistic child has a
chance, given appropriate help.
And do not let anybody tell you that autism is incurable!
Update for Second Edition (November 2005):

It is hard to believe that more than two and a half years have passed since our story
was published in 2003. My son just turned 13. He is tall and handsome and he is a
delight.
In my previous story I mentioned that I was writing a book. Well, the book has been
out for a year now and is very successful; a third print was done a month ago. It is
called “Gut And Psychology Syndrome. Natural treatment for autism, ADHD, ADD,
dyslexia, dyspraxia, depression and schizophrenia” (www.MedInform.co.uk). The
book describes in detail how these conditions develop and how to treat them using a
solid nutritional protocol. It has a large recipe section to help people start on the diet,
as well as chapters on how to deal naturally with ear infections, constipation, toxicity,
fussy feeding habits, and other issues.
My son was very proud to contribute to my book—he has written a beautiful poem,
which is published at the beginning of the book. We still have not told him about what
happened to him in his younger years; we decided to wait until he is older. There are
no traces of autism in him now and he is leading a normal life. He is doing well at
school and started playing rugby on his school team. His digestive system works like
a clock now, though we still adhere to the diet, which I have described in detail in my
book. The good news is that my son can have anything now on an occasional basis
without it causing problems. However, the whole family is on this diet as it is very
healthy and can prevent many health problems (such as weight gain, heart disease,
cancer, diabetes, autoimmune problems, osteoporosis, and allergies) in all members of
the family. When we go on holiday we eat what is available, but when we come back
home we go back to our diet because it is good for us. Both our children have a
considerable knowledge of nutrition now and we often hear them lecturing their
friends on what is good for them to eat and what is not.
I hope that our story can be an inspiration for parents of autistic children. Never give
up on your child, and your child will reward you!
http://www.autism.com/treatable/recovered/campbellmcbride.htm
Chapter from the book

Recovering Autistic Children
Edited Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D. and Bernard Rimland, Ph.D.
Does MMR cause autism?
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride MD
Talking about autism it is impossible to avoid the issue of the MMR vaccine and
vaccination in general. I my practice I see some parents of autistic children who
would link their child's disorder with MMR vaccine where many can not make this
connection. Following research by Dr. Wakefield there has been a lot of publicity on
this subject. The government has put a lot of effort and money into convincing the
public that MMR vaccine is safe. While the MMR vaccine was in the lime light, other
vaccines got questioned as well, due to the fact that many of them contain Thimerosal,
a Mercury compound. Others are new and have not been tested long enough, yet
apparently the number of unreported complications from these vaccines is much
higher than anybody would expect. On top of all this we have to remember that
vaccines are commercial products made with profit in mind. Is it true that the 3
million pounds which the government recently spent on MMR promotion were paid
for by the companies who have a commercial interest in this vaccine?
So, does MMR cause autism?
I do not believe that things are so simple. Here we have to look at autism as a whole
picture and vaccination as a whole.
Let us have a look at what is happening to children in our modern society. If you look
around, how many healthy children would you see? Childhood asthma, eczema,
diabetes, allergies, hay fever, digestive disorders, ADHD and autistic spectrum
disorders have all gained epidemic proportions! The majority of siblings of autistic
children have eczema, asthma or another one of those disorders. And though all these
health problems appear to be different, they have one thing in common. A very big
thing - a compromised immune system with suppressed Th1 and overactive Th2 parts
of the immunity. These two opposing arms of the immune system normally should be
in balance. But in these children they are out of balance reducing the body's ability to
fight infections and predisposing the child to allergies and autoimmune reactions. A
compromised immune system is not going to react to environmental insults in the
normal way! Vaccination is a huge insult for the immune system. The manufacturers
of vaccines produce them for children with normal immune systems which will react
to these vaccines in a normal way. And perhaps 50 or even less years ago the majority
of children had normal immune systems, so vaccination was producing the expected
results of protection against infections without any harm for the body. However, in
our modern society with our modern way of life we are rapidly moving to a situation
where a growing proportion of children do not have a normal immune system and will
not produce an expected reaction to the vaccine. In some of these children
vaccination, putting an enormous strain on an already compromised immune system,
becomes that "last straw which breaks the camel's back" and brings on the beginning
of autism, asthma, eczema, diabetes, etc.. In other children, whose immune system is
compromised to a lesser degree, vaccination will not start the disorder, but it will
deepen the damage and move the child closer to it.
But what makes the immune system compromised? What is it in our modern life
styles that does this damage?
There are a number of factors which play their part in damaging the delicate balance
of the immune system, but some major factors deserve particular attention:
1. Gut Dysbiosis.
2. Use of antibiotics, steroids and other drugs.
3. Consumption of sugar and processed foods.
4. Consumption of trans-fatty acids.
5. Food additives.
Let's look at some of these factors in detail.
1. Gut Dysbiosis.
Not everybody is aware that our bodies are a home to huge numbers of bacteria,
viruses, fungi and other microbes. In a healthy body this micro-world is properly
balanced and fulfils a whole host of beneficial functions, without which we would not
be healthy. The largest population of microbes, called gut flora, live in our digestive
systems. The gut wall with its microbial flora has been described as "the right hand"
of the immune system. If the bacterial layer is damaged or worse than that, abnormal,
then your immune system is trying to function with its right hand chopped off.
Let us have a look at some details.
• The epithelial surface of the colon is inhabited by huge numbers of bacteria, and
can be truly described as a "cradle" of the immune system, both systemic and
mucosal. The beneficial bacteria in the colon, engage lymphoid tissue of the gut
wall and take part in the production of huge numbers of immunoglobulins. For
example, in the cell wall of Bifidobacteria, one of the major inhabitant groups of a
healthy gut flora, there is a substance called Muramil Dipeptide, which activates
synthesis of B and T-Lymphocytes. As a result, a healthy gut wall is literally
infiltrated, jam packed with B and T Lymphocytes, ready to protect the body from
any invader. Your digestive system is a major gate into the body and needs good
guarding.
• The beneficial flora of the gut has got a pronounced anti-viral activity. They take
part in the synthesis of such anti-viral substances as interferon, lizocym and
surfactins, which dissolve the membranes of lipid envelope viruses. The food and
drink which we consume are full of disease causing viruses, but the healthy gut
flora would not allow them to take hold in your body.
• Immunoglobulin A is a substance which is secreted by the gut wall into the gut
lumen in response to new food arriving from the stomach. It is the immune
system's way of dealing with the unwelcome invaders coming with food and
drink. Fairly soon after being excreted the Immunoglobulin A naturally degrades.
The beneficial bacteria in the gut slow down this degradation, allowing the
Immunoglobulin A more time to do its work.
• Healthy gut flora absorb considerable amounts of heavy metals, phenols,

formaldehyde and other toxic substances, acting as natural chelators and
protecting the immune system from them. It is known that the immune system is
particularly vulnerable to these substances.
As a result of all this activity your healthy gut flora keeps the two major arms of the
immune system, the Th1 and Th2 immunity, in proper balance. The condition, when
the gut flora is not healthy, is called - Gut Dysbiosis. In this condition the beneficial
bacteria in the gut are damaged or eradicated. As a result the gut wall gets taken over
by a large number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, viruses, fungi and
parasites, all producing very toxic substances. The digestion and absorption of food
becomes abnormal, the gut wall becomes damaged and "leaky". But most importantly,
as we are concentrating on the immune system here, the person with gut Dysbiosis
becomes immune-compromised.
A number of factors in our modern life styles can damage the delicate balance of the
gut flora. Antibiotics and steroids are major contributors, consumption of processed
foods, a toxic environment, prolonged stress, etc.
Here we are talking about vaccination, so we need to look at babies' and children's gut
flora. Babies get their gut flora from the mother. So, if the mother does not have
healthy bodily flora, then the baby will not have it either. Widespread use of the
contraceptive pill (steroids) in young girls damages the gut flora. When it is combined
with regular consumption of processed sugary foods and antibiotics, then the damage
gets deeper. The majority of mothers of immune-compromised children with eczema,
asthma, learning disabilities, etc. show symptoms of Gut Dysbiosis, such as digestive
problems, allergies, skin problems, PMS, migraines, thrush, or simply chronic lack of
energy. After the baby is born the breast milk promotes the process of populating the
gut wall with appropriate bacteria. Formula milk does not fulfil this function. So,
breast again is the best. However, in cases when the mother has a considerable Gut
Dysbiosis with an overgrowth of abnormal bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites in her
gut, she will be excreting their toxins in her milk. A lot of these toxins have an opioid
structure and act on the brain as real opioids would do. In these cases the mothers
report that their baby would fall asleep on the breast after a couple of mouthfuls of
this opioid rich milk. In other cases the baby refuses the breast or develops an allergic
reaction. The recent research shows that the toxins, produced by abnormal gut flora,
play a major role in development of autism.
The population of the gut wall with normal gut flora plays a major part in the
appropriate development of the baby's immature immune system. If the gut flora is
not normal then we can not expect a normal immune system. The breast milk provides
a ready immune protection for the baby. So, while exclusively breast fed our babies
can do quite well without properly developing gut flora, but when the breast feeding
stops, it takes a few months for pathological symptoms to start appearing. This is
exactly when the vaccination, and I mean any vaccination, may prove to be too much
of an attack on an already compromised immune system.
2. Antibiotics and steroids, including contraceptive pills, and many other drugs apart
from damaging the gut flora have a direct immune suppressing effect. Their wide
spread use in mothers before and during pregnancy have a damaging effect on the
immune system of the future baby. Antibiotics, taken by the mother during breast
feeding, will pass to the baby through the milk and add to the damage of it's gut flora
and developing immune system.
3. 4. 5. Consumption of sugar and processed foods have a direct damaging effect on

the immune system. On top of that these foods feed abnormal flora in the gut
contributing to Gut Dysbiosis and hence to immune imbalance. Processed foods are a
very poor source of nutrition and a very rich source of various toxic substances, like
preservatives, colours, flavouring, aspartame, MSG, and all those E-numbers. Food
additives have been shown in a vast number of studies to have a detrimental effect on
the immune system, brain chemistry, liver function, etc.. On top of that processed
foods are a rich source of very harmful trans-fatty acids. Trans-fatty acids are
unsaturated fatty acids with changed chemical structure. They have been shown to
have a direct damaging effect on immune system. Children who are routinely fed on
crisps, sugary foods, soft drinks and meals out of tins and packets run a great risk of
being immune-compromised.
Consumption of processed convenience foods, antibiotics, steroids, and the toxic

environment are all features of our modern life style. Our children are paying the
price for it. It is a fact that we can not afford to ignore!
So, my conclusion is that while MMR and other vaccines may not be the cause of
autism, in immune compromised children they can do a lot of harm and in some
children may well provide the trigger which starts the disorder.
Vaccination, which saved the lives of millions of children world-wide in the last
century, is becoming dangerous thanks to changes in our lifestyles. The number of
immune compromised children in developed countries is enormous and growing
every day. It is time for the medical profession to review its attitude to vaccination.
The cry "Vaccinate everybody!" has to change. Here is what I propose: a
comprehensive immunological test has to be done with every baby before a decision
about vaccination would be made. There are a number of very good tests already in
existence to assess the state of one's immune system. These tests have to be put into
an appropriate pre-vaccination panel for all babies and results of these tests have to be
an essential part in the process for deciding which of the following steps to take:
• The standard vaccination protocol.
• Single vaccines only.
• Delayed vaccination until the results of the tests are better.

• No vaccination at all. A child presenting with eczema, asthma, digestive problems
or any other disorder, which would indicate compromised immunity, should be a
red flag not to vaccinate!
Those 3 million pounds which the government spent on promoting MMR might have
been just enough to develop such a test panel, and in my opinion, a much more
worthwhile investment in the future health of our nation.
Published in Issue 9 of The Autism File. February 2002

Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd Article by Dr Andew Barnes
Probiotic News
The following article is written by Dr Andrew Barnes
For seven years, a researcher into new vaccine development and the
immunology of Bacillus subtilis spores (at Guy's Hospital, King's College
London). Currently a freelance scientific consultant.
Bacillus subtilis: From probiotic to modern medicine

I first came across Bacillus subtilis when I was invited over to Vietnam, to give a series of
lectures on the treatment and spread of HIV/AIDS, at the main hospital in Ho Chi Minh City. The
Vietnamese took the approach that when a person became ill, they simply took one of every
known antibiotic available (all of which were available from corner shops) and one would
hopefully affect a cure. That way, there was no need to spend time and money on seeking
professional medical help when suffering from illness. As a consequence, people regularly
killed off their entire gut flora and so took B. subtilis to help repopulate themselves. This
summarises in a nutshell, the dilemma that faced the scientific community back then, with
regard to B. subtilis. It was taken to help repopulate the gut, yet B. subtilis is a soil organism that
cannot colonize the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract.
B. subtilis needs to breathe air that contains oxygen (an obligate aerobe). B. subtilis is of course
very small, so does not require lungs, but it requires oxygen just as much, and for much the
same reasons, as humans do. The gut, however, contains very little oxygen, testified to by the
methane generated in the hind gut (flatulence). The low oxygen levels make the gut a very bad
environment for B. subtilis to grow. If the environment is not good for growth, B. subtilis
'sporulates' (changes into its 'spore' form, which is dormant and very hardy). Spores can remain
dormant for many years and then germinate when the conditions are favourable. Because of the
low oxygen (anaerobic) environment of the bowel, the majority of spores do not germinate and
pass straight out again - at about the same rate as small polystyrene balls, if eaten, might be
expected to do. It is therefore not at all obvious why someone who has killed the bacteria in their
gut through the misuse of antibiotics would benefit from eating B. subtilis
Issue 3
Despite this, spores are taken throughout the world, (from south-east Asia to Mediterranean
Europe) to achieve that very purpose. Can a million people all be wrong? (they were about the
world being flat but not about aspirin in willow bark). Alternatively, if people by their millions are
taking B. subtilis, should not the effects of their doing so, be scientifically established? Since
spores do not stay in the gut long, they are far more straightforward to study than many other
probiotic bacteria that do colonise the gut (such as Lactobacillus & Bifidobacter strains).
Furthermore, if spores help to repopulate the gut, they achieve it without interfering with the
levels of gut bacteria directly.
The only obvious mechanism by which they might achieve this is through the immune system.
You might expect a non-pathogenic bacterium, such as B. subtilis, to be treated like food and get
completely ignored by the immune system. This, as it turns out, is precisely what does 'not'
happen. Recent scientific research has clearly established that spores are extremely good at
stimulating the immune system, especially the innate immune system.
The innate immune system forms the oldest part of the general immune system. The cells within
it are found in all animals that have a backbone (vertebrates) and the receptors they employ go
all the way back to fruit flies.
However, far from being antiquated and useless, the innate cells are critical for telling the
immune system how to respond in any given circumstance. Innate cells have been combating
infections since before mankind and have become extremely effective at recognising the tell-
tale structures found on pathogens. Because these structures are fundamental to how bacteria
are made, all bacteria contain them, not just the pathogens. Furthermore, the body needs the
stimulation provided by these structures to develop, coordinate and maintain a healthy immune
system.
Stimulation provided by recognised bacterial structures, tells the body which parts are
potentially exposed to attack and require special immunological protection. The gut lining acts
as a barrier to bacterial invasion. However, this barrier would soon be breached, if it weren't for
antibodies made by the immune system. Antibodies bind to bacteria and viruses to prevent them
from being able to infect cells. Pathogens can provide the stimulation to make antibodies, along
with the other aspects of host immunity, but will do so too late to prevent the infection from
occurring. However, if 'friendly' bacteria, such as B. subtilis provide the stimulation, the same
benefits are achieved, but without disease. Once stimulated, the immune system prevents
bacteria and viruses from crossing the gut lining and regulates bacterial levels within the gut.
The immune system achieves this to a large extent by making antibodies that selectively bind
and inhibit pathogenic bacteria, but not the 'friendly' ones. Science has therefore explained why
regularly eating B. subtilis helps regulate the repopulation of the gut with bacteria, despite the
fact that the spores may neither persist or even germinate.
Innate stimulation such as the type provided by B. subtilis has been proven to be critical for the
development and maintenance of gut immunity and through it a healthy balance of gut flora. Gut
bacteria stimulate gut immunity, which in turn regulates the bacteria present. However, if this
balance becomes skewed, due to e.g. a bad diet, excessive alcohol intake, stress etc., the
consequences can result in many conditions including constipation, flatulence, indigestion,
susceptibility to infection, etc By supplementing a diet with bacteria, such as B. subtilis, many of
these problems can be potentially reduced or circumvented entirely due to the gut being better
able to regulate itself.
However, the science goes much further than this, and suggests spores could be used in a much
broader context. Disease caused by Clostridium difficile has become a bigger problem than the
infamous MRSA in hospitals today. C. difficile disease is caused by the use of broad spectrum
antibiotics, killing the gut flora and suppressing gut immunity. Probiotics have been shown to be
effective at treating the disease after antibiotics have been lowered or stopped. However,
because spores are resistant to antibiotics and have no requirement for germination, B. subtilis
could potentially be used during treatment and without taking the patient off the antibiotics.
Likewise, B. subtilis could also potentially be used to prevent illness due to external changes in
bacteria. When travelling abroad, diarrhoea is commonly caused by drinking normal tap water
(Delhi belly). This is because bacteria abroad, exhibit regional differences from those a person is
used to. Natural antibodies differ from those made in response to an infection or a vaccine. They
are preprogrammed into your genes because they bind to a wide range of pathogens that have
been experienced in our ancestral past. Since B. subtilis spores stimulate the production of
natural antibodies, they could prove highly effective at minimizing the impact of being populated
by foreign strains of bacteria, either due to travel abroad or due to sudden outbreak.
Footnote:
B. subtilis has recently been evaluated and listed by the European Food Safety Authority as
QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety). In addition B. subtilis is rated as GRAS (Generally
Regarded as Safe) by the Food and Drug Association (FDA) of the United States.
Bio-Kult is the leading practitioner probiotic in the UK for Intervention, with over six years
clinical use.
It contains 8 strains of Lactobacillus, 4 strains of Bifidobacter, 1 Streptococcus and more

importantly it's highest strength component is B. subtilis.
Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd

38, Paddock Street, Soham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5JB
e-mail: probio@bio-kult.com, www.cambridgebioceuticals.com Issue 3
Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd Article by Dr John A Jones
Probiotic News
The following article is written by Dr John A Jones, MA (Cantab.), MB, BS who
has been a GP in Cambridgeshire for 20 years.
John has worked with probiotics for many years, is a founder of Cambridge
Bioceuticals Ltd and a key member of the team that invented and developed the
Advanced Probiotics Bio-Kult and Duo-Kult.
Probiotics - Dispelling The Acid Myth

At birth, a baby's gut is sterile – yet within a few days a thriving bacterial flora has developed. How
does this happen? Bacteria are ingested during passage through the birth canal and also during
feeding and sucking on other objects. These organisms have to survive the joint hurdles of the
stomach, with it's hydrochloric acid, and the duodenum where bile enters via the common bile duct.
While many will not make it through, a proportion do, and it is these survivors which multiply to form
the gut flora. Normally, there are over 400 different strains of organisms inhabiting our intestinal tract
and co-habiting happily with us. In fact, as we have evolved, we have lost the ability to produce
various compounds and now rely on our gut flora to produce them for us. Without this symbiotic
relationship our health suffers and we are unable to be nutritionally complete.
During life, the composition of the gut flora changes considerably, as many of the organisms are not
naturally resident and have to be continually replaced. These replacements come from bacteria on
and in the food we eat. There is concern that, as we have increasingly cleaned and sterilised our
food and environment, we have reduced the variety and numbers of organisms we ingest.
Nowadays we also eat less of the types of food that contain bacteria – fermented foods such as
yoghurt, sauerkraut and kefir (a fermented milk product containing various lactobacilli & other micro-
organisms). A common yoghurt producer, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, was first identified in Bulgaria – a
country where the population have both a long lifespan and high consumption of yoghurt and kefir.
Whilst our food has less and less of the normal environmental organisms, it is somewhat paradoxical
that the organisms most likely to be in our food now are 'spoilage' organisms such as Escherichia
Coli and Clostridium difficile which are often pathogenic.
These naturally occurring organisms are not enteric coated or otherwise protected and yet still
manage to survive passage through the acidic conditions of the stomach to the alkaline environment
of the intestine.
How do they do this? There are a number of important factors involved:- PTO
Issue 4
Issue 4
Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd Probiotics - Dispelling The Acid Myth
1. Stomach pH
While the acidity (pH) of the stomach can be quite harsh at times – dropping to a pH of about 2 – at
other times, such as at mealtimes it can rise to a pH of around 6. This may not sound a major
change, but the pH scale is a logarithmic scale. Each 1 pH change means an increase in acidity of
10 times – so a pH of 2 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 3, and 10,000 times more acidic than a
pH of 6! A pH of 7 is 'neutral' and pH's between 7 and 14 are alkaline.
This is an important fact in respect to probiotics. Whilst even the hardiest of probiotics may only
survive for a short time at pH 2 they have a much longer survival time at pH 5 or 6. Taking a
probiotic with food is therefore the natural way, and will also give it the best chance of survival.
2. Transit Time
When you eat, food is masticated in the mouth and mixed with alkaline saliva. This food bolus then
passes into the stomach, where it mixes with the stomach juices and is churned around by the
stomach muscle, much like in a washing machine. This liquid part of the mixture is called chyme,
and 50% of this leaves the stomach 30 minutes after eating.
As probiotics are mixed uniformly with the chyme it also follows that within 30 minutes 50% of the
probiotics will have passed out of the stomach, thus limiting the duration of acid exposure.
3. Probiotic Strength
Bacterial survival is a numbers game. Even in the harshest environment, if you start with enough
organisms, some will survive. It therefore follows that with probiotics, having a high strength will
10
improve survival. For example a formulation of ten billion per gram (1 x 10 ) will have one hundred
times more organisms than one of one hundred million (1 x 108). Conversely a probiotic strength of
forty billion per gram (4 x 1010) is only four time stronger than one of ten billion (1 x 1010) per gram.
It is generally accepted, that at the point of consumption, a probiotic should have a concentration of
at least 1 x 106 organisms per gram and that a minimum of 1 x 108 should be consumed daily for
beneficial effects to be realised.
To take a worst case example using the above factors:-
If you take a daily dose of two capsules, each containing two billion organisms, with meals and the
organisms have only a 20% survival rate after 30 minutes at pH 6 then you will have eight hundred
8
million survivors (8 x 10 ) passing through from the stomach into the intestine.
Most probiotics have a much better survival rate at pH 6 – usually more than 70%, which would
mean that over 28 x 108 survive. Enteric coatings may increase this number even more but, as you
can see, are not really necessary – historically the probiotics in nature that we have ingested with
our food have never been enteric coated.
Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd are the manufacturers of Bio-Kult; the leading practitioner
probiotic in the UK for Intervention, with over six years clinical use.

e-mail: jj@bio-kult.com, www.cambridgebioceuticals.com Issue 4
Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd Article by Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride
Probiotic News
The following article is written by Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride who has a Degree in
Medicine and Postgraduate Degrees in Neurology and Human Nutrition.
In her clinic Natasha specialises in Nutrition for Children and Adults with Behavioural
and Learning Disabilities, and Adults with Digestive and Immune System Disorders.
Natasha is a founder of Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd and a key member of the team
that invented and developed the Advanced Probiotics Bio-Kult and Duo-Kult.
Natasha is the author of the book, Gut & Psychology Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome & Probiotics

If you have been diagnosed as suffering from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), then you are certainly
not alone! About 9 million people in the UK suffer from IBS; it is the second most common cause of
absenteeism – second only to the common cold. IBS has a very strong impact on patients' quality of
life and is associated with a number of serious health conditions e.g. fibromyalgia, ME, and auto-
immunity.
To complicate matters even further, the medical profession is not sure what causes this common
condition or how to treat it. The treatment offered is purely symptomatic:- drugs which relax the
bowel muscles, painkillers, antidepressants etc.
Until recently, the most common theory was that IBS was psychosomatic. Patients were often told
that their misery was probably caused by stress and were advised to go on holiday, relax or try
hypnosis.
However, rapidly accumulating research is leading us in a different direction. Many medical

professionals now believe, that the answer may be found in one of the most vital parts of our
digestive system – the gut flora. A healthy digestive tract is largely populated by the beneficial or
probiotic species of microbes, which fulfil a number of vital functions in the body. These probiotic
bacteria are the housekeepers of the gut, making sure that it does its many jobs well without ever
attracting your attention to it. Unfortunately, various modern factors can damage our friendly
bacteria in the gut, starting a chain of health problems. Antibiotics, chemotherapy, steroids,
radiotherapy, infections, pollution and many other factors can lead to a condition, called gut
dysbiosis, where the 'good' probiotic bacteria get replaced by pathogenic microbes.
The first place to suffer is, of course, the gut itself. In IBS the gut wall is populated by an abnormal
mixture of microbes, which bring all the typical IBS symptoms of diarrhoea, constipation, urgency,
bloating, flatulence, etc. The digestion and absorption of food suffer, so the person develops multiple
nutritional deficiencies. Issue 5
Issue 5
Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd Irritable Bowel Syndrome
The gut wall, damaged by pathogenic microbes, becomes porous and 'leaky', allowing partially
digested foods and toxins to pass through. This can lead to food allergies / intolerances, fatigue,
aching joints / muscles, headaches, mood swings and many other unpleasant symptoms.
The gut wall in an IBS patient is sore and sensitive, that is why following the right diet is very
important. In my clinical experience the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) is the most appropriate
diet for an IBS sufferer. However, in order to help an IBS patient it is vital to introduce probiotic
bacteria into their digestive system; both the right kind of bacterial species and in large enough
numbers to drive the pathogens out and to heal the gut.
Bio-Kult has been designed as a therapeutic probiotic to accomplish just that. Any therapeutic
strength probiotic produces a so-called ‘die-off reaction’ - as the pathogens in the gut die they
release toxins, which may bring an initial worsening of the symptoms. To control this reaction it is
important to introduce Bio-Kult slowly, starting from a small dose. The dose can then gradually be
increased to a therapeutic level of 8-10 capsules of Bio-Kult a day for an adult. Once on this dose,
the patient needs to take it for 6 months or so, depending on the individual symptoms. When the
symptoms have gone, the dose can be gradually reduced to a maintenance level, which is
individual – generally 4 - 6 capsules a day.
Treating IBS patients can be very rewarding - following the right nutritional protocol with the right
probiotic, these patients can improve quite quickly and dramatically.
As one of my patients put it: “I never ever want to be without Bio-Kult! Now I can have my meals
without running to the toilet between mouthfuls of food! I can now live my life without thinking, is
there a toilet in the vicinity!”
Selected references:
1. Balsari, A., Ceccarelli,A., Dubini, F., Fesce,E. & Poli,G. (1992). The faecal microbial population in the
irritable bowel syndrome. Microbiologica 5, 185 - 194.
2. Brigidi P at al. Effects of probiotic administration upon the composition and enzymatic activity of
human fecal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome or functional diarrhea. Research in
Microbiol. 2001 Oct; 152(8): 735-41 Journal Code: R6F.
3. King, T.S., Elia, M., Hunter, J.O. (1998). Abnormal colonic fermentation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Lancet. 352: 1187 - 1189, 1998 Oct.10.
4. Niedzielin D at al. A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus
plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastoenterol Hepatol, 2001 Oct;
13(10): 1143-7 Journal Code: B9X.
5. Nobaek S at al. Alteration of intestinal microflora is associated with reduction in abdominal bloating and
pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000 May; 95(5): 1231-8
Cambridge Bioceuticals Ltd are the manufacturers of Bio-Kult; the leading practitioner
probiotic in the UK for Intervention, with over six years clinical use.

e-mail: nash@bio-kult.com, www.cambridgebioceuticals.com Issue 5
Arachidonic Acid is a new term for me. And after you hear Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride say it with her
Russian accent…the R just wants to roll off my tongue all day. I first heard of AA when listening to Dr
Natasha Campbell-McBride lecturing on autism. Arachidonic Acid is a vitally important essential fatty acid.
The only way to get arachiconic acid (AA) is to eat animal fat. And since AA makes up 12% dry weight of
the brain, you can see why it’s vital for Lyme patients to get plenty of it. “Arachidonic acid is a
polyunsaturated fatty acid that is present in the phospholipids of membranes of the body’s cells, and is
abundant in the brain.” (1)
Since AA is an EFA required by humans, we must make sure our diets have plenty of good organic fats in
them. If we don’t eat these fats then our bodies will draw the AA from our brains for use. Most of us can’t
afford for that to happen.
It’s recommended by Dr Natasha that one eat plenty of chicken fat, duck fat, pork fat and beef fat in their
daily diets. She emphasizes the importance of eating the dark meat and suggests with great enthusiasm eating
duck 1x week. It’s also recommended that you collect your fats and keep them in the frig for future use when
cooking. Make sure that when you have your daily stock that it includes the fat.
As always, it’s important to know the source of your food. The animals that are grassfed will have a better
ratio of Omega 6 to Omega 3 fatty acids. Omega 3′s are important for your brain also, but AA comes strictly
from Omega 6 and can only be obtained through eating animal fats.
“This graph shows that grain-fed beef has a much higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids than wild
game or grass-fed beef. A high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids has been linked with an increased risk
of cancer, cardiovascular disease, allergies, depression, obesity, and auto-immune disorders. (Simopoulos and
Robinson, The Omega Diet, published by HarperCollins in 1999.) A ratio of four or lower is considered ideal.
The ratio in grain-fed beef is more than 14 to 1. In grassfed beef, it is approximately two to one.”(2)
Even the skin on animals that are grass-fed and have the proper Omega 6 to Omega 3 don’t burn when
cooking like grain-fed animals. It’s a beautiful golden skin that is full of AA!
If your worrying about cholesterol-don’t. The lie about cholesterol has been proven to be just that by Sally
Fallon. In fact I’ll post soon and show you the numbers on my cholesterol after switching from grain-fed
animals to grass-fed. It’s pretty cool stuff.
For a farmer near you check out Local Harvest and Eat Wild.
(1) Wikipedia
(2) Eat Wild
Photo Credit: Flickr
October 19, 2008 Posted by peacefulacres | Diet | AA, arachidonic adic, beef fat, brain weight, brains,
chicken fat, dark meat, dr natasha campbell-mcbride, duck, eat wild, EFA, essential fatty acids, local harvest,
omega 3 fatty acids, omega 6 fatty acids, pork fat, sally fallon | Leave a Comment
I can’t impress upon you how important detoxing is when healing from Lyme Disease & co-infections. Most
experts agree that our symptoms are a manifestation of the biotoxins and neurotoxins in our bodies. It only
goes to reason that if you can get these toxins out on a regular basis then your symptoms will decrease. When
your symptoms decrease you will have less stress and your body will heal faster. Whether you are using the
Rife Machine, natural ABX, synthetic ABX or herbs, you must detoxify.
My chosen methods of detoxing are; coffee enemas, hydrotherapy, infrared sauna and diet. Of course there
are others, but these are my favorites.
I know that the topic of coffee enemas is a bit private. OK, a lot private, but sometimes these things must be
talked about. For further understanding of coffee enemas you can study the work of Dr Max Gerson. Coffee
enemas were in the Merck Medical Manual until 1970. They were removed as a form of treatment, due to the
lack of space not due to a lack of effective treatment. Dr Max Gerson found them vital for cancer patients to
heal. He used them regularly for his migraine head aches and in our family we can attest to there
effectiveness for this malady. Order some brochures or other printed material and research it. You will be
glad you did.
Hydrotherapy is the use of water in detoxing. It was from Dr Richard Schulze, an herbalist that I learned to do
this. It really takes guts, but it is very effective. Stand in the shower and use as hot, hot, hot as you can stand
without burning your skin, for 30 seconds, then switch to cold, cold, cold for 30 seconds. Do this 7-8 times
and it will wake you up. Hydrotherapy shocks the body. It forces the blood in and out. Focus on areas that are
painful or if you think it needs attention. Dr Schulze’s patients have sworn by hydrotherapy to reduce or
eliminate cysts or tumors. I did them for one complete year and have resumed them since realizing that
Bartonella is quite active in my body. (I do not agree with Dr Richard Schulze on his adoption of the
vegetarian diet. Dr Weston A Price proved other wise and it is that diet that I adhere to.) As Dr Schulze
so accurately says, “this won’t kill you, but the disease you have will!!!”
The other area of detoxing is diet. Dr Natasha Campbell-McBride suggests that the body detoxes from 2-10
AM. She recommends not eating breakfast until at least 10 AM, allowing the body to properly detox. Dr
Campbell-McBride allows juices first thing in the morning. Not canned juices. Fresh carrot, green veggies and
juicy fruits. My favorite is, carrot, celery, chard or kale, beet root, and an apple. You can use which ever
veggies are your favorite, but consider the biggest bang for your buck. Another great detox food is Beet
Kvass; a blood tonic made from Beet Root. Beets are a wonderful detox food for the liver. Always consider
nutrient dense foods even for your juices.
During my most toxic days, I used the Infrared Sauna every day for 20 min’s at 125*F. During the winter
months I usually ramp it up to 135*F, but it takes some time to get use to. It increases your heart rate and
takes a little while afterwards of resting to get your heart rate back down to what’s normal for you. So, don’t
rush these things. Make sure you take plenty of time to rest. Your skin is your largest organ. Not only does it
absorb toxins but it is an excellent way to detox the body. If you dry brush your skin before entering the
sauna, you will stimulate your lymphs and slough off dead skin cells.
And of course drinking lots of clean filtered water is one of the very best ways to detoxify your body. It will
replace the fluids lost during saunas and enemas and it will flush out toxins. It’s recommend that a person
consume at least 64 oz of water a day.
Here is a wonderful explanation of detoxing for cancer. Even though Lyme is not Cancer, the elements of
detoxing remain the same; the need to eliminate biotoxins & with Lyme neurotoxins from the blood.
INTRODUCTION TO DETOXIFICATION
This article may come in handy. It is from canceroption.com newsletter.

An Introduction to Detoxification
by: Michael Guthrie, R. Ph.
“Cancer cells produce a large number of toxins that inhibit the immune response, damage tissues and
cause weight loss and other complications. Thus, a spreading cancer becomes more and more difficult
to control because of an increased toxin load. There are safe, and effective ways of reducing the toxin
load on the body.
Detoxification is an important aspect of cancer protocols, and any kind of detoxification of the body,
and is often a neglected part of optimizing treatment and clinical results. We live in a toxic world with
air and water pollution, food and medication additives derived from petroleum and coal tars and other
carcinogenic (cancer producing) sources. Drinking water sources when tested may show elevated levels
of TCE, PCB, chloramines, dioxin and other carcinogenic substances. Even our supplemental vitamins,
nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical drugs are often synthesized from sources such as genetically
engineered corn, sugar or soy. These sources of raw materials are often cheaper than less allergenic
sources and corn allergies constitute one of the most common food allergens in the US. Traces of
allergens may cause down regulation of our immune system or a sidetracking of our bodies immune
system with a consequential less than optimum immune system to fight cancer and opportunistic
diseases and organisms. Cosmetics, food with hydrogenated vegetable oils, pesticides, flea collars,
decaffeinated coffee and a host of other daily-encountered substances are carcinogenic!
By detoxification of the body, we can optimize the well being of our healthy cells including our immune
system. Everyone has some levels of mutated cells produced daily, however our immune system keeps
these abnormal cells in check. Cancer cells and cancer-associated viruses are more likely to mutate and
adapt to toxic environments than healthy cells. Indeed, cancer is induced in laboratory animals by
giving the animals toxic substances which cause cancer by mutating normal cells to survive the toxin.
Toxins in our body can accumulate in the subcutaneous fat layer under our skin and in the liver. The
liver is the largest immune organ in our body and is a source of Kupffer’s cells. These cells filter and
destroy foreign bacteria, fungus, viruses, mycoplasma and cancerous cells. Since the liver is our body’s
j di l dl i i i i h li f i
major waste disposal system and largest immune organ, it is important to enhance liver function,
reduce excessive stress and detoxify this major organ.
By detoxification of the body, we enhance our clinical approach to cancer and other illnesses. It is also
important to restore nutrients necessary for optimum utilization of healthy cells and immune system.
Many traditional approaches to treatment of a serious disease can cause depletion of these essential
nutrients. By utilizing detoxification and restoration of necessary levels of nutrients, clinical
approaches are integrated and optimized for enhanced healing and well-being. Detoxification is
accomplished through various supplements as well as via far-infrared saunas.”
My doc has been very pleased even with the portable saunas.
Resting in my opinion is one of the most cherished gifts you can give yourself. Learn to say, “no” and “I need
help”. You will become stronger and those around you will learn compassion.
How will you know if you are detoxing?
1. Your body odor will stop or if you’re really dumping toxins, it will increase. (stop using regular
deo/antiperspirants from the drug store). Not only are they toxic, but they clog your glands and you can’t
detox. Remember your skin is one of your major detox organs. Sweat glands were made to sweat!!! I haven’t
used deo/antiperspirants for over 15 yrs. I use a crystal stone sold in any health food store. Most days I
remember it, but there are many that I don’t. I no longer have BO, since I practice regular detoxing.
2. You will feel better. Sometimes you feel worse, before you feel better. Sometimes upon dumping the colon
and releasing lots of toxins you have a head ache. Pay attention to where the head ache is. You will learn a
detox h.a. from another h.a. Mine are in my frontal lobe as opposed to an over all head ache. It is vital to be
constantly replacing and replenishing the colon with good quality flora especially if you’re using coffee
enemas. My favorite is Friendly Flora from
Dr Rons.
3. You may experience things like, sinus drainage, fatigue, energy, intensified itching, or an intensity of
symptoms prior to a relief.
Every one of us is different and will have different experiences from detoxing. But one thing is universal, we
must all detox.
Most of Dr Natasha Campbell-McBrides work is done with Autistic Children. What I have found is that the
same principles apply to those of us healing from Lyme Disease and co-infections. In this video clip she
discusses some of the detoxing results. I recommend you watch all these videos that she and Donna Gates
present for parents of Autistics. The info on the gut flora is vital to healing.
Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAP syndrome or GAPS)™.
Copyright and Trade Mark Dr. N. Campbell-McBride November 2003.
The right of Natasha Campbell-McBride to be identified as the sole author of this

work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act
1988. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means without the prior written
permission of the author.
We live in the world of unfolding epidemics. Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Attention

Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD), schizophrenia, dyslexia, dyspraxia,
depression, obsessive –compulsive disorder (OCD or bi-polar disorder) and other neuro-
psychological and psychiatric problems in children and young adults are becoming more
and more common.
In clinical practice these conditions more often than not overlap with each other. A child
with autism often is hyperactive and dyspraxic. There is about 50% overlap between
dyslexia and dyspraxia and 25-50% overlap between hyperactivity and dyslexia and
dyspraxia. Children with these conditions are often diagnosed as being depressed and as
they grow up they are more prone to drug abuse or alcoholism than their typically
developing peers. A young person diagnosed with schizophrenia would often suffer from
dyslexia, dyspraxia or/and ADHD/ADD in childhood. OCD children are often
hyperactive with autistic tendencies and indeed they often receive those two diagnoses
before being re-diagnosed as bi-polar. Schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder are often
described as two sides of one coin. We have created different diagnostic boxes to fit our
children in. But a modern child does not fit into any one of them neatly. The modern
child in most cases fits into a rather lumpy picture of overlapping neurological and
psychiatric conditions. This picture leads us to the fact that these conditions are related to
each other by similar underlying causes. Let us discuss what these causes may be.
What is a typical scenario we see in clinical practice?
Before examining the child it is very important to look at the health history of the parents.
Whenever the parents are mentioned people immediately think about genetics. However,
apart of genetics there is something very important the parents, mother in particular, pass
to their child: their unique gut micro-flora. Not many people know that an adult on
average carries 2 kg of bacteria in the gut. There are more cells in that microbial mass
than there are cells in an entire human body. It is a highly organised micro-world, where
certain species of bacteria have to predominate to keep us healthy physically and
mentally. Their role in our health is so monumental, that we simply can not afford to
ignore them. We will talk in detail about the child’s gut flora later. Now let us come back
to the source of the child’s gut flora – the parents.
After studying hundreds of cases or neurological and psychiatric conditions in children, a

typical health picture of these children’s mums has emerged.
A typical modern mother was probably not breast fed when she was a baby, because she
was born in 60s or 70s when breast-feeding went out of fashion. Why is it important?
Because it is well known now that not breast fed babies develop completely different gut
flora to the breast fed babies. This compromised gut flora in a bottle fed baby later on
predisposes her to many health problems. Having acquired compromised gut flora from
the start, a typical modern mum had quite a few courses of antibiotics in her childhood
and youth for various infections. It is a well known fact that antibiotics have a serious
damaging effect on gut flora, because they wipe out the beneficial strains of bacteria in
the gut. At the age of 16 and sometimes even earlier the modern mum was put on a
contraceptive pill, which she took for quite a few years before starting a family.
Contraceptive pills have a devastating effect on the beneficial (good) bacteria in the gut.
One of the major functions of the good bacteria in the gut flora is controlling about 500
different known to science species of pathogenic (bad) and opportunistic microbes. When
the beneficial bacteria get destroyed the opportunists get a special opportunity to grow
into large colonies and occupy large areas of the digestive tract. A modern diet of
processed and fast foods provide perfect nourishment for these pathogens and that is a
typical diet a modern mum had as a child and a young adult. As a result of all these
factors a modern mum has seriously compromised gut flora by the time she is ready to
have children. And indeed clinical signs of gut dysbiosis (abnormal gut flora) are present
in almost 100% of mothers of children with neurological and psychiatric conditions. The
most common health problems in mothers are digestive abnormalities, allergies, auto-
immunity, PMS, chronic fatigue, headaches and skin problems.
A baby is born with a sterile gut. In the first 20 or so days of life the baby’s virgin gut
surface gets populated by a mixture of microbes. This is the child’s gut flora, which will
have a tremendous effect on this child’s health for the rest of his/her life. Where does this
gut flora come from? Mainly from the mother.
So, whatever microbial flora the mother has she would pass to her new-born child.
Gut flora is something we do not think much about. And yet the number of functions the
gut flora fulfils is so vital for us that if some day our digestive tract got sterilised we
probably would not survive.
The first and very important function is appropriate digestion and absorption of food. If a
child does not acquire normal balanced gut flora, then the child will not digest and absorb
foods properly, developing multiple nutritional deficiencies. And that is what we
commonly see in children with learning disabilities, psychiatric problems and allergies.
Many of these children are malnourished. Even in the cases where the child may grow
well, testing reveals some typical nutritional deficiencies in many important minerals,
vitamins, essential fats, many amino-acids and other nutrients. The most common
deficiencies, recorded in these children, are in magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper,
calcium, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, potassium, vanadium, boron, vitamins
B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, A, D, folic acid, pantothenic acid, omega-3, 6, 9 fatty acids,
taurine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, glutathione and many other amino-acids. This usual list
of nutritional deficiencies, commonly seen in these children, includes some most
important nutrients for normal development of the child’s brain, immune system and the
rest of the body.
Apart of normal digestion and absorption of food healthy gut flora actively synthesises
various nutrients: vitamin K, pantothenic acid, folic acid, thiamine (vitamin B1),
riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), ciancobalamine
(vitamin B12), various amino-acids and proteins. Indeed, when tested people with gut
dysbiosis always present with deficiencies of these nutrients. Clinical experience shows
that restoring the beneficial bacteria in their gut is the best way to deal with these
deficiencies.
The majority of children with neurological and psychiatric conditions look pale and
pasty. When tested they show various stages of anaemia, which is not surprising. To have
a healthy blood we require many different nutrients: vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, K,
A, D, etc), minerals (Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Co, Se, boron, etc.), essential amino-acids and fats.
These children not only can't absorb these nutrients from food, but their own production
of many of them in the body is damaged. On top of that people with damaged gut flora
often have particular groups of pathogenic bacteria growing in their gut, which are iron-
loving bacteria (Actinomyces spp., Mycobacterium spp., pathogenic strains of E.Coli,
Corynebacterium spp. and many others). They consume whatever iron the person gets
from the diet, leaving that person deficient in iron. Unfortunately, supplementing iron
only makes these bacteria grow stronger and does not remedy anaemia. To treat anaemia
the person requires all the nutrients we have mentioned, many of which healthy gut flora
supplies.
Apart of taking a direct part in nourishing the body, beneficial bacteria in the gut act as
the housekeepers for the digestive tract. They coat the entire surface of the gut protecting
it from invaders and toxins by providing a natural barrier and producing a lot of anti-
bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal substances. At the same time they provide the gut
lining with nourishment. It is estimated that 60 – 70% of energy, the gut lining derives, is
from the activity of bacteria, which live on it. So, it is no surprise that when the gut flora
is abnormal the digestive tract itself can not be healthy. Indeed most children with
learning disabilities, psychiatric disorders and allergies present with digestive problems.
In many cases these problems are severe enough for the parents to talk about them first.
In some cases they may not be very severe, but when asked direct questions the parents
describe that their child never had normal stool, that their child suffered from colic as a
baby and that tummy pains and flatulence are a common part of the picture. In those
cases where these children have been examined by gastro-enterologists inflammatory
process in the gut was found along with faecal compaction and an over-spill syndrome.
The most recent research was performed at the Royal Free Hospital in London by Dr.
Andrew Wakefield and his team. They found an inflammatory condition in the bowel of
autistic children, which they have named Autistic Enterocolitis. Schizophrenic patients
were always known to have serious digestive problems. Dr. Curtis Dohan, MD has
devoted many years to researching digestive abnormalities in schizophrenia. He found a
lot of similarities between coeliac disease and the state of the digestive tract in
schizophrenics. Indeed, in my clinical practice long before these patients develop
psychotic symptoms they suffer from digestive problems and all other typical symptoms
of gut dysbiosis pretty much from the start of their lives. Children and young adults with
ADHD/ADD, OCD, depression and other neuro-psychological problems are very often
reported to suffer from digestive abnormalities though there have not been formal studies
published yet.
What other symptoms of gut dysbiosis do we know?
Well functioning gut flora is the right hand of our immune system. The beneficial
bacteria in the gut ensure appropriate production of different immune cells,
immunoglobulins and other parts of the immunity. But most importantly they keep the
immune system in the right balance. What typically happens in a person with gut
dysbiosis is that two major arms of their immune system Th1 and Th2 get out of balance
with underactive Th1 and overactive Th2. As a result the immune system starts reacting
to most environmental stimuli in an allergic or atopic kind of way.
A baby is born with an immature immune system. Establishment of healthy balanced gut
flora in the first few days of life plays a crucial role in appropriate maturation of the
immune system. If the baby does not acquire appropriate gut flora then the baby is left
immune compromised. The result is lots of infections followed by lots of courses of
antibiotics, which damage the child’s gut flora and immune system even further. The
most common infections in the first two years of life in the children with neurological,
psychological and atopic disorders are ear infections, chest infections, sore throats and
impetigo. At the same time in the first two years of life the child receives a lot of
vaccinations. A child with compromised immune system does not react to vaccinations in
a predicted way. In most cases vaccines deepen the damage to the immune system and
provide a source of chronic persistent viral infections and autoimmune problems in these
children. There has been a considerable amount of research published into the state of the
immune system in children with learning disabilities and psychiatric problems. The
research shows deep abnormalities in all major cell groups and immunoglobulins in these
children. The most common autoantibodies found are to myelin basic protein (MBP) and
neuron-axon filament protein (NSFP). These antibodies attack the child’s brain and the
rest of the nervous system.
So, the modern child, who we are talking about, did not get normal gut flora from the
start and then got it damaged even further by repeated courses of antibiotics and
vaccinations. As a result these children commonly suffer from digestive problems,
allergies, asthma and eczema. But apart of that in children who then go on to develop
neurological and psychiatric problems something even more terrible happens. Without
control of the beneficial bacteria different opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, viruses
and fungi have a good chance to occupy large territories in the digestive tract of the child
and grow large colonies. Two particular groups which are most commonly found on
testing are yeasts (including Candida species) and Clostridia family. These pathogenic
microbes start digesting food in their own way producing large amounts of various toxic
substances, which get absorbed into the blood stream, carried to the brain and cross the
blood – brain barrier. The number and mixture of toxins can be very individual, causing
different neurological and psychological symptoms. Due to the absence or greatly
reduced numbers of beneficial bacteria in the gut flora, the child’s digestive system
instead of being a source of nourishment becomes a major source of toxicity in the body.
So, what kind of toxins are we talking about?
There are many toxins, which we have not studied very well yet. But some toxins have
received a considerable amount of research. Let us have a look at them.
Acetaldehyde & Alcohol. What have these substances got to do with children?
The most common pathogenic microbes shown to overgrow in the digestive systems of
children with neuro psychological conditions and allergies are yeasts, particularly
Candida species. Yeasts ferment dietary carbohydrates with production of alcohol and its
by-product acetaldehyde. Let us see what does a constant exposure to alcohol and
acetaldehyde do to the body.
• Liver damage with reduced ability to detoxify drugs, pollutants and other toxins.
• Pancreas degeneration with reduced ability to produce pancreatic enzymes, which
would impair digestion.
• Reduced ability of the stomach wall to produce stomach acid.
• Damage to immune system.
• Brain damage with lack of self-control, impaired co-ordination, impaired speech
development, aggression, mental retardation, loss of memory and stupor.
• Peripheral nerve damage with altered senses and muscle weakness.
• Direct muscle tissue damage with altered ability to contract and relax and muscle
weakness.
• Nutritional deficiencies from damaging effect on digestion and absorption of most
vitamins, minerals and amino acids. Deficiencies in B and A vitamins are particularly
common.
• Alcohol has an ability to enhance toxicity of most common drugs, pollutants and
other toxins.
• Alteration of metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in the body.
• Inability of the liver to dispose of old neurotransmitters, hormones and other by-
products of normal metabolism. As a result these substances accumulate in the body,
causing behavioural abnormalities and many other problems.
Acetaldehyde is considered to be the most toxic of alcohol by-products. It is the

chemical, which gives us the feeling of hangover. Anybody who experienced a hangover
would tell you how dreadful he or she felt. Children, who acquire abnormal gut flora with
a lot of yeast from the start, may never know any other feeling. Acetaldehyde has a large
variety of toxic influences on the body. One of the most devastating influences of this
chemical is its ability to alter the structure of proteins. Acetaldehyde – altered proteins
are thought to be responsible for many autoimmune reactions. Children with neuro-
psychological problems are commonly found to have antibodies against their own tissues.
Clostridia Neurotoxins.
There are about 100 different Clostridia species known so far. They are present in the
stools of people with autism, schizophrenia, psychosis, severe depression, muscle
paralysis and muscle tonus abnormalities and some other neurological and psychiatric
conditions. Many Clostridia species are normal inhabitants of a human gut. For example
Clostridium tetani is routinely found in the gut of healthy humans and animals.
Everybody knows that tetanus is a deadly disease, due to an extremely powerful
neurotoxin Clostridium tetani produces. Clostridium tetani, which lives in the gut, is
normally controlled by the beneficial bacteria and does us no harm, because its toxin can
not get through the healthy gut wall. Unfortunately, children, which we are talking about,
do not have a healthy gut wall. In gut dysbiosis this powerful neurotoxin may well get
absorbed through the damaged gut lining and then cross the blood-brain barrier affecting
child’s mental development. Many other species of Clostridia (perfringens, novyi,
septicum, histolyticum, sordelli, aerofoetidum, tertium, sporogenes, etc) produce toxins
similar to tetanus toxin as well as many other toxins. Dr. William Shaw at Great Plains
Laboratories describes in detail number of autistic children, who showed serious
improvements in their development and biochemical tests while on anti-Clostridia
medication. Unfortunately, as soon as the medication was stopped the children slipped
back into autism, because these children do not have healthy gut flora to control
Clostridia and not to allow their toxins through the gut lining into the bloodstream. In
many cases Clostridia were not identified in the stools of these children, because
Clostridia are strict anaerobes and are very difficult to study. We need to come up with
some better ways of testing for these potent pathogens.
.
Yeasts and Clostridia have been given a special opportunity by the era of antibiotics.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics do not touch them while killing the beneficial bacteria in the
gut, which are supposed to control the yeasts and Clostridia. So, after every course of
antibiotics these two pathogenic groups get out of control and overgrow. The children
that we are talking about usually are exposed to numerous courses of antibiotics pretty
much from the beginning of their lives.
Gluteomorphins & Casomorphins or opiates from gluten and casein.
Opiates are drugs, like opium, morphine and heroin, which are commonly used by drug
addicts. What have they got to do with children?
Gluten is a protein present in grains, mainly wheat, rye, oats, barley. Casein is a milk
protein, present in cow, goat, sheep, human and all other milk and milk products. In the
bodies of children and adults with autism and schizophrenia these proteins do not get
digested properly due to the fact that their digestive systems are full of abnormal
microbial flora and hence unhealthy. As a result of misdigestion gluten and casein turn
into substances with similar chemical structure of opiates, like morphine and heroin.
There has been quite a substantial amount of research done in this area by Dohan,
Reichelt, Shattock, Cade and others, where gluten and casein peptides, called
gluteomorphin and casomorphin, were detected in the urine of schizophrenic patients
and autistic children. Incidentally, these substances were also found in patients with
depression and rheumatoid arthritis. These opiates from wheat and milk get through the
blood-brain barrier and block certain areas of the brain, just like morphine or heroin
would do, causing various neurological and psychological symptoms. Based on this
research the gluten and casein free diet (GFCF diet) has been developed, which helps a
lot of children and adults with autism and schizophrenia.
Dermorphin & Deltorphin .
These are two frightening toxic substances with opiate structure, which have been found
in autistic children by a biochemist Alan Friedman, Ph.D. Dermorphin and deltorphin
were first identified on the skin of a poison dart frog in South America. Native people
used to dip their darts into the mucous on these frogs in order to paralyse their enemy,
because deltorphin and dermorphin are extremely potent neurotoxins. Dr. Friedman
believes that it is not the frog that produces these neurotoxins, but a fungus, which grows
on the skin of this frog. It is possible that this fungus grows in the gut of autistic children,
supplying their bodies with dermorphin and deltorphin.
Organic Acid Testing available now in many laboratories around the world identify
various metabolites of microbial activity in the gut, which get absorbed and finish up in
the child’s urine. Many of these metabolites are highly poisonous substances.
Low Serum Sulphate is a common picture in these children, which is an indirect

indication of toxicity in the body, because sulphates are essential for many detoxification
processes and normal metabolism of brain neurotransmitters. In many cases the child
may be getting plenty of sulphates through he diet, but they all get consumed by the
detox pathways struggling with the river of toxicity, which is constantly coming from the
child’s gut. At the same time another large group of bacteria, which commonly overgrow
in the gut dysbiosis situation are sulphate-reducing bacteria, which make sulphur
unavailable for the body to use. These bacteria metabolise sulphate coming from food
into sulphites, many of which are toxic like hydrogen sulphide for example, which is the
gas with rotten egg smell. Some parents of autistic, hyperactive and other children tell me
that their child’s stool has this characteristic smell.
The mixture of toxicity in each child can be quite individual and different. But what they
all have in common is gut dysbiosis. The toxicity, which is produced by the abnormal
microbial mass in these children, establishes a link between the gut and the brain. That is
why it will be logical to group these disorders under one name: the Gut and Psychology
Syndrome (GAP Syndrome)™. The GAP children can present with symptoms of
autism, ADHD, ADD, OCD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, schizophrenia, depression, sleep
disorders, allergies, asthma and eczema in any possible combination. These are the
children who fall in the gap in our medical knowledge. Any child with a learning
disability, neurological or psychological problems and allergies should be thoroughly
examined for gut dysbiosis. Re-establishing normal gut flora and treating the digestive
system of the child has to be the number one treatment for these disorders, before
considering any other treatments with drugs or otherwise.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, MD.

MmedSci in neurology,
MmedSci in human nutrition.
The right of Natasha Campbell-McBride to be identified as the sole author of this

work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act
1988. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means without the prior written
permission of the author.
References.
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problem in school-aged children. Br J Dematol, Vol 137(2), 1997, pp.24105.
2. Ashkenazi et al. Immunologic reaction in psychotic patients to fractions of gluten.

Am J Psychiatry 1979; 136:1306-1309.
3. Baruk H. 1978. Psychoses of digestive origins. In: Hemmings and Hemmings (eds),
Biological Basis of Schizophrenia. Lancaster MTP Press.
4. Bolte ER, (1998). Autism and Clostridium tetani. Medical Hypothesis 51(2): 133-
144.
5. Cade R et al. Autism and schizophrenia: intestinal disorders. Nutritional

Neuroscience. March 2000.
6. Dohan CF. Cereals and schizophrenia: data and hypothesis. Acta Psychiat Scand
1966; 42: 125-152.
7. Dohan CF et al. Relapsed schizophrenics: more rapid improvement on a milk and

cereal free diet. Brit J Psychiat 1969; 115: 595-596.
8. Dohan et al. Is schizophrenia rare if grain is rare? Biology and Psychiatry. 1984:
19(3): 385-399.
9. Dohan FC. Is celiac disease a clue to pathogenesis of schizophrenia? Mental Hygiene.

1969; 53: 525-529.
10. Furlano RI, Anthony A, Day R et al. Colonic CD8 and gamma delta T-cell infiltration
with epithelial damage in children with autism. J Pediatr 2001;138: 366-72.
11. Ferrari P et al. Immune status in infantile autism: Correlation between the immune
status, autistic symptoms and levels of serotonin. Encephale 14:339-344, 1988.
12. Holford P. Optimum nutrition for the mind. 2003. ISBN 0 -7499 -2213 -3.
13. Horrobin DF, Glen AM, Vaddadi K. 1994. The membrane hypothesis of
schizophrenia. Schiz Res 18, 195-207.
14. Horvath K, Papadimitriou JC, Rabsztyn A et al. Gastrointestinal abnormalities in

children with autism. Journal of Pediatrics 1999; 135: 559-563.
15. Kawashima H, Takayuki M, Kashiwagi Y et al. Detection and sequencing of measles

virus from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with inflammatory
bowel disease and autism. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2000;45:723-729.
16. Kontstanareas M and Homatidis S, (1987). Ear infections in autistic and normal
children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17: 585.
17. Krasnogolovez VN. Colonic disbacteriosis. - M.: Medicina, 1989.
18. Kirjavainen PV, Apostolov E, Salminen SS, Isolauri E 1999.New aspects of

probiotics - a novel approach in the management of food allergy.
(Review)(59refs).Allergy. 54(9):909-15, 1999 Sep.
19. Lewis SJ, Freedman AR (1998). Review article: the use of biotherapeutic agents in
the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disease. (Review)(144 refs).
Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 12(9):807-22, 1998 Sep.
20. Lykova EA, Bondarenko VM, Sidorenko SV, Grishina ME, Murashova AD, Minaev
VI, Rytikov FM, Korsunski AA (1999). Combined antibacterial and probiotic therapy
of Helicobacter - associated disease in children (Russian).Zhurnal Microbiologii,
Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii. 1999 Mar-Apr;(2):76-81.
21. Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH (1999). Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the
activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health? (Review) (48 refs).BMJ. 1999
April;318:999-1003.
22. McCandless J. Children with starving brains. 2003. ISBN 1-883647-10-X.
23. Mycroft et al. JIF-like sequences in milk and wheat proteins. NEJM 1982; 307: 895.
24. Papalos D, Papalos J. The bipolar child. Broadway Books, 2000.
25. Plioplys AV at al. Lymphocyte function in autism and Rett syndrome.

Neuropsychobiology 7:12-16, 1994.
26. Reichelt K et al. Gluten, milk proteins and autism: dietary intervention effects on
behaviour and peptide secretions. Journal of Applied Nutrition. 42:1-11, 1990.
27. Reichelt K et al. Biologically active peptide-containing fractions in schizophrenia and

childhood autism. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 28:627-47, 1981.
28. Rimland B. New hope for safe and effective treatments for autism. Autism Research
Review International 8:3, 1994.
29. Samonis G et al. (1994). Prospective evaluation of the impact of broad-spectrum

antibiotics on the yeast flora of the human gut. European Journal of Clinical
Microbiology and Infections Diseases 13: 665-7.
30. Schoenthaler SJ et al. The effect of randomised vitamin-mineral supplementation on

violent and non-violent antisocial behaviour among incarcerated juveniles. J Nut Env
Med, Vol 7, 1997, pp.343-352.
31. Singh V. Neuro-immunopathogenesis in autism. 2001. New Foundations of Biology.

Berczi I & Gorczynski RM (eds) Elsevier Science B.V. pp 447-458.
32. Singh V at al. Changes in soluble interleukin-2, interleukin-2 rector, T8 antigen, and
interleukin-I in the serum of autistic children. Clin. Immunol. Immunopath. 61:448-
455, 1991.
33. Singh V et al. Immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy in autistic children. Ann NY

Acad Sci 540:602-604, 1988.
34. Singh V et al. Serological association of measles virus and human herpesvirus-6 with
brain autoantibodies in autism. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology.
1998:89; 105-108.
35. Singh & Kay. Wheat gluten as a pathogenic factor in schizophrenia. Science 1975:
191: 401-402.
36. Sioudrou et al. Opioid peptides derived from food proteins. The exorphins. J Biol
Chem. 1979; 254:2446-2449.
37. Shaw W. Biological Treatments for Autism and PDD. 2002. ISBN 0-9661238-0-6
38. Tabolin VA, Belmer SV, Gasilina TV, Muhina UG, Korneva TI. Rational therapy
of intestinal disbacteriosis in children. - M.:Medicina, 1998, 22p..
39. Vorobiev AA, Pak SG et al. (1998). Disbacteriosis in children. A textbook for doctors
and medical students.(Russian). M.: “KMK Lt.”, 1998. 64p. ISBN 5-87317-049-5.
40. Ward NI. Assessment of clinical factors in relation to child hyperactivity. J Nutr
Environ Med, Vol 7, 1997, p.333-342.
41. Ward NI. Hyperactivity and a previous history of antibiotic usage. Nutrition
Practitioner, Vol 3(3), 2001, p.12.
42. Waring (2001). Sulphate, sulphation and gut permeability: are cytokines involved? In:
The Biology of Autism – Unravelled. Conference preceedings 11th May 2001,
Institute of Electircal Engineeris, London.
43. Wakefield AJ, Anthony A et al. Enterocolitis in children with developmental

disorders. AIA Journal, Autumn 2001.
44. Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-
specific colitis and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet 1998;
351:637-41.
45. Wakefield AJ and Montgomery SM. Autism, viral infection and measles, mumps,
rubella vaccination. Israeli Medical Association Journal 1999;1:183-187.
46. Walker-Smith JA. Autism, inflammatory bowel disease and MMR vaccine. Lancet
1998; 351: 1356-57.
47. Warren R et al. Immune abnormalities in patients with autism. J. Autism Develop
Dis. 16, 189-197, 1986.
48. Warren PP at al. Reduced natural killer cell activity in autism. J Am Acad Child
Phychol 26: 333-335, 1987.
49. Waizman A et al. Abnormal immune response to brain tissue antigen in the syndrome
of autism. Am J Psychiatry 139:1462-1465, 1982.
50. Wilson K, Moore L, Patel M, Permoad P. Suppression of potential pathogens by a

defined colonic microflora. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. 1988; 1:237-
43.
51. Yonk LJ et al. D4+ per T cell depression in autism. Immunol Lett 35: 341-346, 1990.

Dr. N. Campbell-McBride, MD
Not many people would choose to become parents of an autistic child. Yet it is
happening to more and more of us in our modern world. There is an
unmistakable epidemic of autism going on across the globe. If this can possibly
be of any comfort for a parent, then I would say that you are certainly not alone!
Most parents of autistic children can clearly recall that traumatic moment of the
diagnosis of "Autism" being announced to them by a doctor followed by the
statement "There is nothing that can be done.” Well, being a doctor myself, I
have to say that your doctor is wrong, there is a lot that can be done! I would
even go further, depending on your commitment and certain circumstances, you
have a good chance of bringing your child as close as possible to normality!
Hundreds of autistic children across the globe, appropriately treated and
educated become almost indistinguishable from their typically developing
(normal) peers. My own son was diagnosed severely autistic at the age of three.
Now at the age of 12 he has fully recovered and is leading a normal life. In my
clinic in Cambridge in England I work with hundreds of autistic children and
adults. My personal and professional involvement with autism has been my best
education in how to treat this disorder effectively.
Treating autism is not an easy task. It takes years of continuous effort and
commitment. But, being a parent myself, I can tell you that it is one of the most
rewarding experiences on Earth! In my book “Gut and Psychology Syndrome.
1
Natural Treatment for Autism, ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Depression and
Schizophrenia” I would like to share with you what I strongly believe to be the
appropriate treatment for an autistic child.
So, what is a typical scenario I see in clinical practice?
role in our health is so monumental, that we simply can not afford to ignore them.
After studying hundreds of cases of autism in children and adults, a typical health
picture of these children’s mums has emerged.
2
100% of mothers of children with autism and other neurological and psychiatric
conditions.
But why are we talking about mother’s gut flora? Because her baby is born with a
3
child.
same time they provide the gut lining with nourishment. So, it is no surprise that
when the gut flora is abnormal the digestive tract itself can not be healthy. Indeed
most patients with autistic spectrum disorders present with digestive problems. In
many cases these problems are severe enough for the parents to talk about
them first. In some cases they may not be severe, but when asked direct
questions the parents describe that their child never had normal stool, that their
4
child suffered from colic as a baby and that tummy pains and flatulence are a
common part of the picture. In those cases where these children have been
examined by gastroenterologists, inflammatory process in the gut was found
along with faecal compaction and an over-spill syndrome. The most recent
research was performed at the Royal Free Hospital in London by Dr. Andrew
Wakefield and his team. They found an inflammatory condition in the bowel of
autistic children, which they have named Autistic Enterocolitis.
Well functioning gut flora is the right hand of our immune system. A baby is born
with an immature immune system. Establishment of healthy balanced gut flora in
the first few days of life plays a crucial role in appropriate maturation of the
immune system. If the baby does not acquire appropriate gut flora then the baby
is left immune compromised. The result is lots of infections followed by lots of
courses of antibiotics, which damage the child’s gut flora and immune system
even further. At the same time in the first two years of life the child receives a lot
of vaccinations. A child with compromised immune system does not react to
vaccinations in a predicted way. In many cases vaccines deepen the damage to
the immune system and provide a source of chronic persistent viral infections
and autoimmune problems in these children.
So, the autistic child who we are talking about, did not get normal gut flora from
5
problems, allergies, asthma and eczema. But apart from that in autistic children
and adults something even more terrible happens. Without control of the
beneficial bacteria different opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, viruses and
fungi have a good chance to occupy large territories in the digestive tract and
grow large colonies. These pathogenic microbes start digesting food in their own
way producing large amounts of various toxic substances, which get absorbed
into the blood stream, carried to the brain and cross the blood – brain barrier.
Due to the absence or greatly reduced numbers of beneficial bacteria in the gut
flora, the child’s digestive system instead of being a source of nourishment
becomes a major source of toxicity in the body.
In my book “Gut and Psychology Syndrome. Natural Treatment for Autism,
ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Depression and Schizophrenia” we will look in great
detail at what particular toxins have been found in autistic children and adults and
how they make these children and adults autistic. The toxicity, which is produced
by the abnormal microbial mass in the digestive tract of the child, establishes a
link between the gut and the brain. That is why I named this condition: the Gut
and Psychology Syndrome (GAP Syndrome). Patients with GAP Syndrome
fall in the gap – the gap in our medical knowledge. As a result they do not receive
an appropriate treatment.
The book on GAP Syndrome explains how and why autism develops and how to
treat it using a sound nutritional protocol. The treatment is completely natural and
6
can be implemented at home. It is a self-help book with a comprehensive recipe
section and is written in easy to understand language. Knowledge is power! This
book gives the parents the power to help their child !
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, MD
MmedSci (neurology)
MmedSci (human nutrition)
Cambridge, England
To learn more about Gut and Psychology Syndrome, how it develops and how to
treat it with a sound nutritional protocol please look at the book by Dr.
Natasha Campbell-McBride “Gut and Psychology Syndrome.
Natural treatment for autism, ADHD/ADD, dyslexia, dyspraxia,
depression and schizophrenia.” You can get the book on
www.mindd.org or Tel: (61) (2)9388 7383
7
Gut and Psychology Syndrome*
N. Campbell-McBride, M.D.
In his seminal book, Good Calories, Bad lems in children and adults are becoming
Calories, Gary Taubes quotes Hilde Bruch more and more common.
who wrote: "The literature on obesity is not In clinical practice these conditions
only voluminous, it is alsofallofcoriflicting overlap with each other. A patient wdth
and confasing reports and opinions. One autism often is hyperactive and dyspraxic.
might well add to this the words ofArtemus There is about 50% overlap between dys-
Ward: "The researches ofso many eminent lexia and dyspraxia and 25-50% overlap
scientific men have thrown so much darknessbetween ADHD/ADD and dyslexia and
on the subject that if they continue these dyspraxia. Children with these conditions
researches we shall soon know nothing. " are often diagnosed as being depressed,
Determining the causes ofthe hundreds and as they grow up they are more prone
ofpsychiatric disorders and their treatment to drug abuse or alcoholism than their
has almost reached that state oftotal dark- typically developing peers. A young per-
ness. Dr. Campbell-McBride, in her bookson diagnosed with schizophrenia often
Gut and Psychology Syndrome, blows away suffered from dyslexia, dyspraxia or/and
some ofthefog and shows us where to look. ADHD/ADD in childhood. When we
After I read it, I wrote to the author: "Had start examining the patients with these
I read your excellent book forty years ago I so-called mental conditions, we find that
would have thought you were nuts. Thirty they are also physically ill. Digestive prob-
years ago I would have seen some merit and lems, allergies, eczema, asthma, various
in the last years what I have learned has food intolerances and immune system
confirmed whatyou have written. It is a veryabnormalities are universally present
good book. Isn't it a shame that psychiatric amongst them. We have created different
illnesses arefueled by foods and the way we diagnostic boxes for these patients, but
deal with them. Ironically, psychiatry may a modern patient does not fit into any
never accept this idea, as it has become the one of them neatly. The modern patient
unpaid servant of the drug industry. Many in most cases fits into a rather lumpy
thanks for sending it to me. " picture of overlapping neurological and
To learn more, please read the book by psychiatric conditions.
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, Gut and Why are all these conditions related?
PsychologySyndrome:NaturalTreatmentfor What underlying problem are we missing?
Autism, ADHD/ADD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, To answer all these questions we have
Depression, Schizophrenia. to look at one factor, which unites all these
patients in a clinical setting. This factor
-Ahram Hoffer, MD, PhD is the state of their digestive system. I
have yet to meet a child or an adult with
We live in the world of unfolding autism, ADHD/ADD, dyspraxia, dyslexia,
epidemics. Autistic Spectrum Disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depres-
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder sion or obsessive-compulsive disorder
(ADHD/ADD), schizophrenia, dyslexia, who does not have digestive abnormali-
dyspraxia, depression, obsessive -compul- ties. In many cases they are severe enough
sive disorder, bipolar disorder and other for the patients or their parents to start
neuro-psychological and psychiatric prob- talking about them first. In some cases
the parents may not mention their child's
*GAP Syndrome or GAPS™' digestive system, yet when asked direct
90
Gut and Psychology Syndrome
questions, would describe a plethora of of his/her life. Where does this gut flora
gut problems. So, what have digestive ab- come from? Mainly from the mother at
normalities got to do with these so-called the time of birth. Whatever microbiai
mental problems? According to recent flora the mother has, she passes to her
research and clinical experience - a lot! newborn child. Fathers with abnormal
In fact it appears that the patient's diges- gut flora contribute to the bodily flora of
tive system holds the key to the patient's the mother and through her to the gut
mental state. flora of the child.
What is a typical scenario we see in
clinical practice? Before examining the The Role and Importance ofthe Gut Flora
patient it is very important to look at the Gut flora is something we do not
health history of the parents. Whenever think much about. And yet the number
the parents are mentioned people im- of functions the gut flora fulfils is so vi-
mediately think about genetics. However, tal for us that if some day our digestive
apart from genetics there is something tracts were sterilised we probably would
very important the parents, mother in not survive.
particular, pass to their child: their unique The first and very important function
gut micro-flora. Not many people know is appropriate digestion and absorption of
that an adult on average carries 2 kg of food. If a child does not acquire normal
bacteria in the gut. There are more cells in balanced gutflora,then the child will not
that microbiai mass than there are cells in digest and absorb foods properly, develop-
an entire human body. It is a highly orga- ing multiple nutritional deficiencies. And
nized micro-world, where certain species that is what we commonly see in children
of bacteria have to predominate to keep and adults with learning disabilities, psy-
us healthy physically and mentally. Their chiatric problems and allergies. Many of
role in our health is so monumental, that these patients are malnourished. Even in
we simply cannot afford to ignore them. the cases where the child may grow well,
We will talk in detail about the child's testing reveals some typical nutritional
gut flora later. Now let us come back to deficiencies in many important minerals,
the source of the child's gut flora - the vitamins, essential fats, many amino acids
parents. and other nutrients.
After studying hundreds of cases of Apart from normal digestion and ab-
neurological and psychiatric conditions sorption of food, healthy gutfloraactively
in children and adults, a typical health synthesizes various nutrients: vitamin
picture of these children's mums has K, pantothenic acid, folie acid, thiamine
emerged: due to various modern factors a (vitamin Bi), riboflavin (vitamin B2),
modern mum has seriously compromised niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin
gut flora by the time she is ready to have Be), cyancobalamin (vitamin B12), various
children. Indeed, clinical signs of gut dys- amino-acids and proteins. Indeed, when
biosis (abnormal gut flora) are present in tested, people with gut dysbiosis present
almost 100% of mothers of children with with deficiencies of these nutrients. Clini-
neurological and psychiatric conditions. cal experience shows that restoring the
A baby is born with a sterile gut. In beneficial bacteria in their gut is the best
the first 20 or so days of life the baby's way to deal with these deficiencies.
virgin gut surface is populated by a Apart from taking a vital part in
mixture of microbes. This is the child's nourishing the body, beneficial bacteria
gut flora, which will have a tremendous in the gut act as the housekeepers for
effect on this child's health for the rest the digestive tract. They coat the entire
91
Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine Vol. 23, No. 2, 2008
surface of the gut protecting it from in- immunity in the right balance. Damage
vaders and toxins by providing a natural inflicted upon the gutfloratypically leads
barrier and producing anti-bacterial, to an imbalance between major parts of
anti-viral and anti-fungal substances. At immunity, resulting in allergies, asthma
the same time they provide the gut lining and eczema - symptoms, which children
with nourishment. Beneficial bacteria and adults with neurological and psychi-
normally control various opportunistic atric conditions commonly suffer from.
and pathogenic microbes in the gut. There has been a considerable amount
Lack of beneficial bacteria would allow of research published into the state ofthe
disease-causing microbes to grow and immune system in patients with learning
occupy large parts of the digestive sys- disabilities and psychiatric problems. The
tem causing damage and inflammation research shows deep abnormalities in all
in the gut wall. So, it is no surprise when major cell groups and immunoglobulins.
the gut flora is abnormal, the digestive The most common autoantibodies found
tract itself cannot be healthy. Indeed are to myelin basic protein (MBP) and
most patients with learning disabilities, neuron-axon filament protein (NAFP).
psychiatric disorders and allergies present These antibodies specifically attack the
with digestive problems: constipation and person's brain and the rest ofthe nervous
diarrhoea, infantile colic and abdominal system.
pain, bloating and flatulence, reflux and To summarize: A child born from
indigestion. Examination by gastroenter- parents with abnormal gut flora did not
ologists commonly reveals inflammatory acquire normal gut flora from the start.
process in the gut and many of these pa- Thefloramay have been damaged further
tients are diagnosed with coeliac disease. by repeated courses of antibiotics and
Housing a mass of pathogenic microbes vaccinations. As a result, these children
the gut cannot be healthy. Indeed, long commonly suffer from digestive problems,
before these patients develop so-called allergies, asthma and eczema. However, in
mental symptoms they usually suffer from children and adults who go on to develop
digestive problems and all other typical neurological and psychiatric problems,
sjmiptoms of gut dysbiosis pretty much something even worse happens. Without
from the start of their lives. control ofthe beneficial bacteria, different
opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria, vi-
The Role and Importance ofthe ruses and fungi have a good chance to oc-
Immune System cupy large territories in the digestive tract
A baby is born with an immature and grow large colonies. Two particular
immune system. Establishment of healthy groups, which are most commonly found
balanced gut flora in the first few days on testing, are yeasts (including Candida
of life plays a crucial role in appropriate species) and the Clostridia family. These
maturation of the immune system. If the pathogenic microbes start digesting food
baby acquires compromised gut flora in their own way producing large amounts
from the mother then the baby is left im- of various toxic substances, which are
mune compromised. The result is lots of absorbed into the blood stream, carried
infections followed by lots of courses of to the brain and cross the blood-brain
antibiotics, which damage the child's gut barrier. The number and mixture of toxins
flora and immune system even further. can be very individual, causing different
The beneficial bacteria in the gut en- neurological and psychiatric symptoms.
sure appropriate production of different Due to the absence or greatly reduced
immune cells, immunoglobulins, keeping numbers of beneficial bacteria in the
92
Gut and Psychology Syndrome
gut flora, the person's digestive system References

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becomes a major source of toxicity in in atopic eczema: the extent of the problem
the body. in school-aged children. Br J Dematol, 1997;
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or adult can be quite individual and dif- psychotic patients to fractions of gluten. Am
ferent. But what they all have in common J Psychiatry, 1979; 136:1306-1309.
is gut dysbiosis (abnormal gutflora).The 3. Baruk H: Psychoses of digestive origins. In:
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125-152.
OCD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, schizophrenia, 7. Dohan CF et al: Relapsed schizophrenics: more
depression, bipolar disorder, sleep dis- rapid improvement on a milk and cereal free
orders, allergies, asthma and eczema in diet. BritJPsychiat, 1969; 115: 595-596.
any possible combination. These are the 8. Dohan et al: Is schizophrenia rare if grain is
patients who fall through the gap in our rare? Biol Psychiat, 1984:19(3); 385-399.
medical knowledge. Any child or adult 9. Dohan FC: Is celiac disease a clue to pathogen-
esis of schizophrenia? Mental Hygiene, 1969;
with a learning disability, neurological 53: 525-529.
or psychological problems and allergies 10. Furlano RI, Anthony A, Day R, et al: Colonie
should be thoroughly examined for gut CD8 and gamma delta T-cell infiltration with
dysbiosis. Re-establishing normal gut epithelial damage in children with autism. /
flora and treating the digestive system Pediatr, 2001;138: 366-72.
of the person has to be the number one 11. Ferrari P et al: Immune status in infantile au-
treatment for these disorders, before tism: Correlation between the immune status,
autistic symptoms and levels of serotonin.
considering any other treatments with Encéphale, 1988; 14: 339-344.
drugs or otherwise. 12. Holford P: Optimum Nutrition for the Mind.
2003. ISBN 0 -7499 -2213 -3.
Gut And Psychology Syndrome 13. Horrobin DF, Glen AM, Vaddadi K: The mem-
(GAP Syndrome or GAPS) establishes brane hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schiz Res,
the connection between the state of the 1994; 18: 195-207.
patient's gut and the functioning of the 14. Horvath K, Papadimitriou JC, Rabsztyn A et
brain. This connection has been known al: Gastrointestinal abnormalities in children
by medics for a very long time. The father with autism./Pedi'atr, 1999; 135: 559-563.
of modern psychiatry French psychiatrist 15. Kawashima H, Takayuki M, Kashiwagi Y et
al: Detection and sequencing of measles virus
Phillipe Pinel (1745-1828), after working from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from
with mental patients for many years, patients with inflammatory bowel disease and
concluded in 1807: "The primary seat of autism. Digest Diseas Sei, 2000; 45: 723-729.
insanity generally is in the region of the 16. Kontstanareas M, Homatidis S: Ear infections
stomach and intestines." Long before him in autistic and normal children.//luíis/n De-
Hippocrates (460-370 BC), the father of velop Disord, 1987; 17: 585.
17. Krasnogolovez VN: Colonie disbacteriosis.
modern medicine has said: "All diseases Medicina, 1989.
begin in the gut!" The more we learn with 18. Kirjavainen PV, Apostolov E, Salminen SS,
our modern scientiflc tools, the more we Isolauri E: 1999.New aspects of probiotics - a
realize just how right they were. novel approach in the management of food
93
Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine Vol. 23, No. 2, 2008
energy. Allergy, 1999; 54(9): 909-15. 34. Singh V et al: Serological association of measles
19. Lewis SJ, Freedman AR: Review article: the virus and human herpesvirus-6 with brain
use of biotherapeutic agents in the prevention autoantibodies in autism. Clin Immunol Im-
and treatment of gastrointestinal disease. (Re- munopathol, 1998:89; 105-108.
view)(144 refs). Alimentar Pharmacol Thera- 35. Singh, Kay: Wheat gluten as a pathogenic factor
peut, 1998; 12(9): 807-22. in schizophrenia. Science, 1975:191:401-402.
20. Lykova EA, Bondarenko VM, Sidorenko SV, 36. Sioudrou et al: Opioid peptides derived from
et al: Combined antibacterial and probiotic food proteins. The exorphins./B/o/ Chem, 1979;
therapy of Helicobacter-associated disease 254:2446-2449.
in children (Russian). Zhurnal Microbiologii, 37. Shaw W: Biological Treatmentsfor Autism and
Epidemiologii I Immunobiologii. 1999; Mar- PDD. 2002. ISBN 0-9661238-0-6
Apr;(2): 76-81. 38. Tabolin VA, Belmer SV, Gasilina TV, Muhina
21. Macfarlane GT, CummingsJH: Probiotics and UG, Korneva TI: Rational therapy of intestinal
prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intes- dysbacteriosis in children. Medicina, 1998,22.
tinal bacteria benefit health? BMJ, 1999; April; 39. Vorobiev AA, Pak SG et al: Dysbacteriosis in
318:999-1003. Children. A Textbook for Doctors and Medical
22. McCandless J: Children with Starving Brains. Students. M: "KMK Lt.", 1998.64. ISBN 5-87317-
2003. ISBN 1-883647-10-X. 049-5.
23. Mycroft et al: JIF-like sequences in milk and 40. Ward NI: Assessment of clinical factors in rela-
wheat proteins. NEJM, 1982; 307:895. tion to child hyperactivity.J Nutr EnvironMed,
24. Pápalos D, Pápalos J: The Bipolar Child. Broad- 1997; 7: 333-342.
way Books, 2000. 41. Ward NI: Hyperactivity and a previous history
25. Plioplys AV at al: Lymphocyte function in au- of antibiotic usage. NutrPract, 2001; 3(3): 12.
tism and Rett syndrome. Neuropsychobiology, 42. Waring: Sulphate, sulphation and gut perme-
1994; 7:12-16. ability: are cytokines involved? In: The Biology
26. Reichelt K et al: Gluten, milk proteins and au- of Autism - Unravelled Conference proceedings
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94
Introduction Diet
Most GAPS patients should follow the Introduction Diet before going into the Full GAPS Diet. Depending
on the severity of your patient’s condition he or she can move through this program as fast or as slow as
his/her condition will permit: for example you may move through the First Stage in one or two days and
then spend longer on the Second Stage.
Following the Introduction Diet fully is essential for people with serious digestive symptoms: diarrhea,
abdominal pain, bloating, some cases of constipation, etc. This diet will reduce the symptoms quickly
and initiate the healing process in the digestive system. Even for healthy people, if you or your child gets
a ‘tummy bug’ or any other form of diarrhea, following the Introduction Diet for a few days will clear the
symptoms quickly and permanently usually without needing any medication.
In cases of stubborn constipation, introduce freshly pressed juices earlier in the diet, from stage 2: start
from carrot juice first thing in the morning and take your cod liver oil at the same time. The juice will
stimulate bile production as many cases of persistent constipation are due to poor bile production.
When there is not enough bile, the fats in the food do not digest well; instead they react with salts and
form soap in the gut, causing constipation. Removing dairy may also help.
People with food allergies and intolerances should go through the Introduction Diet in order to heal and
seal their gut lining. The reason for allergies and food intolerances is so-called “leaky gut” when the gut
lining is damaged by abnormal micro flora. Foods do not get the chance to be digested properly before
they get absorbed through this damaged wall and cause the immune system to react to them. Many
people try to identify, which foods they react to. However, with damaged gut wall they are likely to
absorb most of their foods partially digested, which may cause an immediate reaction or a delayed
reaction (a day, a few days or even a couple of weeks later). As these reactions overlap with each other,
you can never be sure what exactly you are reacting to on any given day. Testing for food allergies is
notoriously unreliable: if one had enough resources to test twice a day for two weeks, they would find
that they are “allergic” to everything they eat. As long as the gut wall is damaged and stays damaged,
you can be juggling your diet forever removing different foods and never get anywhere. From my clinical
experience it is best to concentrate on healing the gut wall with the Introduction Diet. Once the gut wall
is healed, the foods will be digested properly before being absorbed, which will remove most food
intolerances and allergies.
Those without serious digestive problems and food intolerances can move through the Introduction Diet
quite quickly. However, please do not be tempted to skip the Introduction Diet and go straight into the
Full GAPS Diet, because the Introduction Diet will give your patient the best chance to optimize the
healing process in the gut and the rest of the body. I see cases where skipping the Introduction Diet
leads to long-term lingering problems, difficult to deal with.
If you have decided to go straight into the Full GAPS Diet, keep in mind that about 85% of everything
your patient eats daily should be made out of meats, fish, eggs, fermented dairy and vegetables (some
well-cooked, some fermented and some raw). Baking and fruit should be kept out of the diet for a few
www.GutAndPsychologySyndrome.com
weeks, and then be limited to snacks between meals and should not replace the main meals.
Homemade meat stock, soups, stews and natural fats are not optional – they should be your patient’s
staples.
Start the day with a cup of still mineral or filtered water. Give your patient the probiotic. Make sure that
the water is warm or room temperature, not cold, as cold will aggravate his or her condition. Only foods
listed are allowed: you patient must not have anything else. On the First Stage the most drastic
symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation will quickly subside. If, when you introduce a
new food, your patient gets diarrhea back, pain or any other digestive symptoms then he/she is not
ready for that food to be introduced. Wait for a week and try again.
If you suspect a real allergy (which can be dangerous) to any particular food, before introducing it do the
Sensitivity Test. Take a drop of the food in question (if the food is solid, mash and mix with a bit of
water) and place it on the inside of the wrist of the patient. Do it at bedtime. Let the drop dry on the
skin, then let your patient go to sleep. In the morning check the spot: if there is an angry red reaction,
then avoid that food for a few weeks, and then try again. If there is no reaction, then go ahead and
introduce it gradually starting from a small amount.
First stage:
• Homemade meat or fish stock. Meat and fish stocks provide building blocks for the rapidly growing
cells of the gut lining and they have a soothing effect on any areas of inflammation in the gut. That is
why they aid digestion and have been known for centuries as healing folk remedies for the digestive
tract. Do not use commercially available soup stock granules or bouillon cubes, they are highly
processed and are full of detrimental ingredients. Chicken stock is particularly gentle on the stomach
and is very good to start from. To make good meat stock you need joints, bones, a piece of meat on the
bone, a whole chicken, giblets from chicken, goose or duck, whole pigeons, pheasants or other
inexpensive meats. It is essential to use bones and joints, as they provide the healing substances, not so
much the muscle meats. Ask the butcher to cut in half the large tubular bones, so you can get the bone
marrow out of them after cooking. Put the bones, joints and meats into a large pan and fill it up with
water, add natural unprocessed salt to your taste at the beginning of cooking and about a teaspoon of
black peppercorns, roughly crushed. Bring to boil, cover and simmer on a low heat for 2,5 - 3 hours. You
can make fish stock the same way using a whole fish or fish fins, bones and heads. After cooking take the
bones and meats out and sieve the stock to remove small bones and pepper corns. Strip off all the soft
tissues from the bones as best as you can to later add to soups or encourage your patient to eat all the
soft tissues on the bones. Extract the bone marrow out of large tubular bones while they are still warm:
to do that bang the bone on a thick wooden chopping board. The gelatinous soft tissues around the
bones and the bone marrow provide some of the best healing remedies for the gut lining and the
immune system; your patient needs to consume them with every meal. Take off all the soft tissues from
fish bones and heads and reserve for adding to soups later. The meat or fish stock will keep well in the
fridge for at least 7 days or it can be frozen. Keep giving your patient warm meat stock as a drink all day
with his meals and between meals. Do not use microwaves for warming up the stock, use conventional
stove (microwaves destroy food). It is very important for your patient to consume all the fat in the stock
and off the bones as these fats are essential for the healing process. Add some probiotic food into every
cup of stock (the details about introducing probiotic foods follow).
• Homemade soup with your homemade meat or fish stock. Please look for some recipe ideas in the
recipe section. Here we will go through some details, specific for the Introduction Diet. Bring some of
the meat stock to boil, add chopped or sliced vegetables: onions, carrots, broccoli, leeks, cauliflower,
zucchinis, marrow, squash, pumpkin, etc. and simmer for 25-35 minutes. You can choose any
combination of available vegetables avoiding very fibrous ones, such as all varieties of cabbage and
celery. All particularly fibrous parts of vegetables need to be removed, such as skin and seeds on
pumpkins, marrows and squashes, stock of broccoli and cauliflower and any other parts that look too
fibrous. Cook the vegetables well, so they are really soft. When vegetables are well cooked, add 1-2
tablespoons of chopped garlic, bring to boil and turn the heat off. Give your patient this soup with the
bone marrow and meats and other soft tissues, which you cut off the bones. You can blend the soup
using a soup blender or serve it as it is. Add some probiotic food into every bowl of soup (the detail
about introducing probiotic foods follow). Your patient should eat these soups with boiled meat and
other soft tissues off the bones as often as he/she wants to all day.
• Probiotic foods are essential to introduce right from the beginning. These can be dairy - based or
vegetable - based. To avoid any reactions introduce probiotic foods gradually, starting from 1-2
teaspoons a day for 2-5 days, then 3-4 teaspoons a day for 2-5 days and so on until you can add a few
teaspoons of the probiotic food into every cup of meat stock and every bowl of soup. Start adding juice
from your homemade sauerkraut, fermented vegetables or vegetable medley (please look in the recipe
section) into cups of meat stock (do not add the vegetables themselves yet, as they are too fibrous).
These juices will help to restore normal stomach acid production. Make sure that the food is not too hot
when adding the probiotic foods, as the heat would destroy the beneficial probiotic bacteria. In my
experience a large percentage of GAPS people can tolerate well-fermented homemade whey and
yoghurt right from the beginning. However, some cannot. So, before introducing dairy, do the sensitivity
test. If there is no reaction on the sensitivity test, then try to introduce some whey from dripping your
homemade yoghurt (dripping will remove many dairy proteins): start from 1 teaspoon of whey added to
the soup or meat stock. After 3-5 days on 1 teaspoon of whey per day, increase to 2 teaspoons a day
and so on, until your patient is having ½ a cup of whey per day with meals. At this stage try to add 1
teaspoon per day of homemade yoghurt (without dripping), gradually increasing the daily amount. After
yoghurt introduce homemade kefir. Kefir is far more aggressive than yoghurt and usually creates a more
pronounced “die-off reaction”. That is why I recommend introducing yoghurt first before starting on
kefir. If your patient had no reaction to yoghurt, then you may be able to introduce kefir almost from
the beginning. For those who clearly react to dairy, please look at p.95 in my book.
• Ginger tea, mint or chamomile tea with a little honey between meals. Most people know how to make
mint or chamomile tea. To make ginger tea, grate some fresh ginger root (about a teaspoonful) into your
teapot and pour some boiling water over it, cover and leave for 3 - 5 min. Pour through a small sieve.
In extreme cases of profuse watery diarrhea exclude vegetables. Let your patient drink warm meat stock
with probiotic foods (preferably whey or yoghurt), eat well-cooked gelatinous meats (which you made
the stock with) and consider adding raw egg yolks gradually. Do not introduce vegetables until the
diarrhea starts settling down. When the gut wall is severely inflamed, no amount of fiber can be
tolerated. That is why you do not rush to introduce vegetables (even very well-cooked).
Second stage:
• Keep giving your patient the soups with bone marrow, boiled meats or fish and other soft tissues off
the bones (particularly gelatinous and fatty parts). He or she should keep drinking the meat stock and
ginger tea. Keep adding some probiotic food into every cup of meat stock and every bowl of soup: juices
from sauerkraut, juices from fermented vegetables or vegetable medley, and/or homemade
whey/yoghurt.
• Add raw organic egg yolks. It is best to have egg yolks raw added to every bowl of soup and every cup
of meat stock. Start from 1 egg yolk a day and gradually increase until your patient has an egg yolk with
every bowl of soup. When egg yolks are well tolerated add soft-boiled eggs to the soups (the whites
cooked and the yolks still runny). If you have any concerns about egg allergy, do the sensitivity test first.
There is no need to limit number of egg yolks per day, as they absorb quickly almost without needing
any digestion and will provide your patient with wonderful and most needed nutrition. Get your eggs
from the source you trust: fresh, free range and organic.
• Add stews and casseroles made with meats and vegetables. Avoid spices at this stage, just make the
stew with salt and fresh herbs (look for a recipe of Italian Casserole in the recipe section). The fat
content of these meals must be quite high: the more fresh animal fats your patient consumes, the
quicker he or she will recover. Add some probiotic food into every serving.
• Increase the daily amount of homemade yoghurt or kefir, if introduced. Increase the amount of juice
from sauerkraut, fermented vegetables or vegetable medley.
• Introduce fermented fish, starting from one piece a day and gradually increasing. Look for the recipes
in the recipe section.
• Introduce homemade ghee, starting from 1 teaspoon a day and gradually increasing.
Third stage:
• Carry on with the previous foods.
• Add ripe avocado mashed into soups, starting from 1-3 teaspoons and gradually increasing the
amount.
• Add pancakes, starting from one pancake a day and gradually increasing the amount. Make these
pancakes with three ingredients: 1) organic nut butter (almond, walnut, peanut, etc); 2) eggs; 3) a piece
of fresh winter squash, marrow or zucchini (peeled, de-seeded and well blended in a food processor).
Gently fry small thin pancakes using ghee, goose fat or duck fat, make sure not to burn them.
• Egg gently fried or scrambled with plenty of ghee, goose fat or duck fat. Serve it with avocado (if well
tolerated) and cooked vegetables. Cooked onion is particularly good for the digestive system and the
immune system: melt 3 tablespoons of duck fat or ghee in the pan, add sliced large white onion, cover
and cook for 20-30 minutes on low heat until soft, sweet and translucent.
• Introduce the sauerkraut and your fermented vegetables (your patient has been drinking the juices
from them for a while now). Start from a small amount, gradually increasing to 1-2 tablespoons of
sauerkraut or fermented vegetables per every meal.
Fourth stage:
• Carry on with the previous foods.
• Gradually add meats cooked by roasting and grilling (but not barbecued or fried yet). Avoid bits, which
are burned or too brown. Let your patient eat the meat with cooked vegetables and sauerkraut (or
other fermented vegetables).
• Start adding cold pressed olive oil to the meals, starting from a few drops per meal and gradually
increasing the amount to 1-2 tablespoons per meal.
• Introduce freshly pressed juices, starting from a few spoonfuls of carrot juice. Make sure that the juice
is clear, filter it well. Let your patient drink it slowly or diluted with warm water or mixed with some
homemade yoghurt. If well tolerated gradually increase to a full cup a day. When a full cup of carrot
juice is well tolerated try to add to it juice from celery, lettuce and fresh mint leaves. Your patient should
drink the juice on an empty stomach, so first thing in the morning and middle of afternoon are good
times.
• Try to bake bread with ground almonds or any other nuts and seeds ground into flour. The recipe
(please look in the recipe section) requires only four ingredients: 1) nut flour; 2) eggs; 3) piece of fresh
winter squash, marrow or zucchini (peeled, de-seeded and finely sliced); 4) some natural fat (ghee,
butter, goose or duck fat) and some salt to taste. Your patient should start from a small piece of bread
per day and gradually increase the amount.
Fifth stage:
• If all the previous foods are well tolerated try to add cooked apple as an apple pure: peel and core ripe
cooking apples and stew them with a bit of water until soft. When cooked add some ghee to it and mash
with a potato masher. If ghee has not been introduced yet add duck or goose fat. Start from a few
spoonfuls a day. Watch for any reaction. If there is none gradually increase the amount.
• Add raw vegetables starting from softer parts of lettuce and peeled cucumber. Watch your patient’s
stool. Again start from a small amount and gradually increase if well tolerated. After those two
vegetables are well tolerated gradually add other raw vegetables: carrot, tomato, onion, cabbage, etc.
• If the juice made from carrot, celery, lettuce and mint is well tolerated, start adding fruit to it: apple,
pineapple and mango. Avoid citrus fruit at this stage.
Sixth stage:
• If all the introduced foods are well tolerated try some peeled raw apple. Gradually introduce raw fruit
and more honey.
• Gradually introduce baking cakes and other sweet things allowed on the diet. Use dried fruit as a
sweetener in the baking.
As I mentioned before, your patient may be able to move through the Introduction Diet faster or slower
depending on the stool changes: let the diarrhea start clearing before moving to the next stage. You may
have to introduce some foods later than in this program depending on his/her sensitivities. Make sure
that you carry on with the soups and meat stock after your patient completed the Introduction Diet at
least once a day.
After the Introduction Diet is completed and when your patient has more or less normal stools move
into the Full GAPS Diet.
The Full GAPS Diet
Your patient needs to carry on completely avoiding starches and sugar for two years at least. It means
avoiding all grains, sugar, potatoes, parsnips, yams, sweet potato and anything made out of them. The
flour in your cooking and baking can be replaced with ground almonds (or any other nuts or sunflower
or pumpkin seeds ground into flour). In about 1 - 1.5 years you may be able to introduce new potatoes,
fermented buckwheat, millet and quinoa, starting from very small amounts and observing any reaction.
Wheat, sugar, processed foods and all additives will have to be out of the diet for much longer.
Slowly increase the amounts of fermented foods. You can ferment vegetables, fruit, milk and fish (please
look in the recipe section). I would also recommend reading a wonderful book by Sally Fallon
“Nourishing Traditions”, it will provide you with a lot of good recipes. Eating fermented foods with every
meal will help your patient to digest the meal without using supplements of digestive enzymes. Make
sure to introduce all new fermented foods into the diet very gradually starting from 1-2 teaspoons a day.
The best foods for the GAPS person are eggs, meats and fish (bought fresh or frozen, not smoked or
canned, and cooked at home), shellfish, fresh vegetables and fruit, nuts and seeds, garlic and olive oil. As
well as eating the vegetables cooked it is important to have them raw in the form of salads and sticks. In
this form they will provide your patient with valuable enzymes and detoxifying substances, which will
help in digesting meats. Raw fruit should be eaten on their own, not with meals, as they have a very
different digestion pattern and can make the work harder for the stomach. At that stage let your patient
to have fruit as a snack between meals. Remember, that about 85% of everything your patient eats on a
daily basis should be savory - made out of meats, fish, eggs, vegetables and natural fats. Sweet baking
and fruit should be snacks between meals in limited amounts.
It is very important for a GAPS person to have plenty of natural fats in every meal from meats, butter,
ghee, coconut and cold pressed olive oil. The fat content of the meal will regulate the blood sugar level
and control cravings for carbohydrates.
If your patient gets a tummy bug or any other form of diarrhea go back to the low fiber diet for a few
days: remove all nuts, raw vegetables and raw fruit out of the diet; go back to meats cooked in water
and meat stock, fish, eggs, fermented dairy and cooked vegetables (skinned, de-seeded and well cooked
with meats as soups and stews) until diarrhea completely clears. After the stools stay normal for a week
introduce raw vegetables slowly, one at a time and starting from small amounts. When vegetables are
introduced, try to introduce nuts, seeds and fruit gradually.
It is important for your GAPS patient to balance the meals so that his or her body pH stays normal. All
protein foods, such as meats, fish, eggs and cheese leave an acid ash in the body, which may aggravate
his or her condition. Vegetables are alkalizing, so you need to combine meats, fish and eggs with good
amount of vegetables cooked and/or raw. Raw fruit, vegetables and greens have particularly strong
alkalizing ability. Apple cider vinegar is very alkalizing, it is good to have it every day: just add one
teaspoon of cider vinegar into every glass of water your patient drinks. Hot water with cider vinegar will
makes an excellent warming and alkalizing drink. Fermented foods are also alkalizing.
It is very important to avoid processed foods (any packet or tinned foods). They are stripped from most
nutrients that were present in the fresh ingredients used for making these foods. They are a hard work
for the digestive system and they damage the healthy gut flora balance. On top of that they usually
contain a lot of artificial chemicals, detrimental to health, like preservatives, colorants, E-numbers, etc.
Try to buy foods in the form that nature made them, as fresh as possible.
Do not use a microwave oven, as it destroys food. Cook and warm up food using conventional oven and
stove.
Foods to avoid:
• Sugar and anything that contains it.
• Molasses, maple syrup, corn syrup, any other syrup.
• Aspartame in any form, it is a potent neurotoxin (brain toxin).
• Sweets, cakes, biscuits, chocolates, ice – creams.
• All alcoholic beverages. An adult can have good quality wine with meals occasionally but not beer or
spirits.
• Tinned and processed foods, always read the ingredients label, beware of sugar, lactose, maltose,
starch, corn flour, preservatives, flavorings, colors, yeast. It is best not to buy processed foods at all.
• Grains: rice, corn, rye, oats, wheat and anything made of wheat flour (breads, pasta, biscuits, cakes
and anything from the bakery, anything with bread crumbs or batter), buckwheat, quinoa, millet,
couscous, spelt, semolina, tapioca, etc. After about 1 – 1.5 years you may be able to slowly re-introduce
buckwheat, millet and quinoa (fermented to start with), but not wheat, rye or rice.
• Breakfast cereals are highly processed products with virtually no nutritional value, they are full of
sugar, salt, trans-fatty acids and other harmful substances. They should be out of the diet forever.
• Starchy vegetables and anything made out of them: potato, parsnips, yams, Jerusalem artichoke and
sweet potato. In about 1 - 1.5 years you may be able to introduce new potatoes.
• Milk should be out at this stage. However, the GAPS person can have soured milk products, such as
natural hard cheese, live natural yoghurt and kefir, crème fresh or soured cream, butter and ghee. There
are many substances in milk, which could cause trouble, such as milk sugar lactose, casein, immune
complexes, etc. Soured milk products do not contain lactose and are pre-digested by the fermenting
microbes, which makes fermented milk products very easy to digest for us. I would recommend using
only organic milk products and introduce them one at a time, starting from small amounts. If you were
not able to introduce any dairy in the Introduction Diet, and then please look at page 95 in the GAPS
book, it will explain how to introduce dairy safely. If you have introduced homemade yoghurt, kefir and
ghee as a part of the Introduction Diet, then gradually introduce fermented cream and butter. When
that is well tolerated try natural mature cheeses. You may want to try goats or sheep’s milk products
first as they are often better tolerated by the GAPS people, than cows. In about 1,5 -2,5 years and when
all fermented dairy products are introduced, your patient may be able to drink raw unpasteurized
organic milk. Introduce it gradually starting from 1-2 teaspoons a day. A GAPS person must never have
pasteurized milk!
• Fruit juices apart from freshly pressed. Unfortunately fruit juices (not freshly pressed by you) are a
source of processed sugars and can contain a lot of fungi and moulds in them, which your GAPS patient
might react to.
• Beans and pulses are generally hard to digest. The two varieties that your patient can have are white
(navy) beans also called haricot beans, fermented and cooked at home, and fresh green beans.
Commercially available baked beans have almost 40% sugar and should be avoided. You can make your
own baked beans at home (please, look in the recipe section).
• Coffee is a strong irritant for the digestive tract, try to avoid it. Strong tea is not advisable either.
Natural herbal teas (no flavorings added) and ginger tea are fine. Ginger tea is a well-known folk remedy
for digestive problems.
• Soft drinks are not allowed at all, they are full of sugar and various chemicals, which are very damaging
for GAPS people.
• Anything with colors, preservatives, flavorings and other chemicals.
• Soya and anything made out of it. It interferes with thyroid function in the body and negatively affects
hormonal balance, as it contains estrogen – like compounds. It is important to avoid all synthetic
estrogens, such as from soya, contraceptive pill, many other drugs, domestic cleaning chemicals, laundry
detergents, toiletries, etc.
Recommended foods:
• Buy fresh or frozen meats, fish and shellfish. Make sure that they are not smoked, salted or preserved
in any other way. Your patient needs to have gelatinous meats every single day (meats around bones
and joints, skin and brown meats on the poultry). It is important for him or her to have all the fats on the
meat, eating lean muscle meats will not be good for GAPS.
• Liver and other organ meats should be eaten on a regular basis. They can be cooked any way you like.
It is very nourishing and is the best remedy for many nutritional deficiencies.
• Eggs - the yolk is best eaten raw, the white should be slightly cooked, like for example in soft boiled or
fried eggs. Make sure that you find good quality eggs, free-range organic eggs are the best. Your patient
should have minimum 2-3 eggs a day as they are particularly good for restoring neurological functions.
• Fresh vegetables – all types of vegetables are recommended, apart from starchy vegetables, like
potatoes, parsnips, sweet potato, Jerusalem artichokes and yams. You can cook vegetables by steaming
them, stewing, roasting, grilling or stir-frying. It is particularly good to eat them as a homemade soup or
stew with plenty of garlic, added at the end of cooking. Your patient should have plenty of cooked
vegetables with every meal, as they are better digested than raw vegetables and are more nourishing. It
is also important to have fermented and raw vegetables with every meal in a form of salads with olive
oil and fresh lemon juice or as a snack. Raw and fermented vegetables will help in digesting proteins and
detoxifying. However if your patient gets diarrhea then cook all vegetables until diarrhea clears.
• Fresh fruit. It is important that the fruit should be ripe. After completing the Introduction Diet
introduce local seasonal ripe fruit gradually. At that stage start your patient’s day from a bit of fruit and
offer some fruit between meals. He or she should not have fruit if there is diarrhea. When the diarrhea
has cleared he or she can start from having cooked fruit (peeled, de-seeded and well cooked with a good
dollop of butter, ghee or coconut oil) and then raw, introduced slowly.
• Avocado is a wonderfully nutritious fruit. Make sure it is ripe and serve it with meats, fish, shellfish and
salads.
• Butter is better than any so-called healthy substitutes. You can cook with it or add it into ready dishes.
Butter should be bought organic and unsalted, because non-organic butter contains a lot of pesticides
and antibiotics, which the cows consume. Cold pressed virgin olive oil is very good for your patient, use
it in salads and ready dishes liberally. It is not a good idea to cook with olive oil because it changes its
chemical structure when heated. Frying is best done with animal fats: pork dripping, lard, lamb fat,
goose fat, duck fat, ghee and butter. Coconut oil and palm oil are two plant oils, very good to use for
cooking. These fats do not alter their structure during cooking. They can even be re-used. Collect your
own fats after roasting meats. Avoid all common vegetable cooking oils, margarines and other
processed fats: they are very harmful to health.
• Nuts and seeds are a wonderful source of very good nutrients. Nuts should be bought just shelled –
not salted, roasted, coated or processed in any other way. This way they are an excellent source of
essential fatty acids and many nutrients. However, nuts and seeds contain enzyme inhibitors, which may
make them difficult to digest for some people. If you feel that it is a problem for your patient, as soon as
you bought nuts to remove the enzyme inhibitors try to do the following: soak the nuts in salty water
over night (1 tablespoon of sea salt per liter of water), in the morning drain them, rinse the salt off and
dry in your oven -24 hours (keep checking them as different nuts take
different time to dry). Your patient can also eat nuts and seeds straight after soaking without drying
them. Once they are dried keep them in an airtight container or well-sealed plastic bag. They become
nice and crunchy and make an excellent snack food together with dried fruit. You can grind nuts and
seeds (sunflower and pumpkin) into flour consistency to make bread, pancakes and even cakes at home.
My book will provide you with recipes. Ground almonds or almond flour is available in health food
shops.
• If your child would like to have a milk-like drink, nut/seed milk can replace all other milk while you are
gradually introducing dairy. You can use almonds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds and pine nuts to make
milk. Blanched almonds make the best milk. You can add a teaspoon of flax seeds to make the milk
thicker. Soak a cup of almonds in water for 12 - 24 hours, drain. Blend in a food processor with water:
for 1 cup of nuts/seeds add 1-2 cups of water. A good juicer will crash the nuts/seeds well, making a
paste, which you would blend with water. Mix well and strain through cheesecloth or a fine strainer and
you have got milk. You can add some soaked dates or raisins, when blending, they will make the milk
sweet. If you find that the milk is too rich, just add more water. You can add some of freshly pressed
apple juice or carrot juice into it to make a very tasty and nourishing drink for your child. You can “milk”
the same cup of almonds a few times. Just keep the paste covered with water in the refrigerator.
• You can also make coconut milk. Bring to boil (but do not boil) 1 cup of unsweetened shredded dried
coconut and 1 cup of water. Cool down and blend well in your food processor. Strain through
cheesecloth or a fine strainer.
• It is better to replace the table salt in your patient’s diet with unprocessed salt. The salt, which is sold
in shops, has been processed to remove all natural minerals apart from the NaCl. The human body
needs all those minerals, that is why we must consume natural unprocessed salt. You can get very good
quality sea salt called Celtic Salt or a Himalayan Crystal Salt.
• Garlic is very important to eat every day. It will help to normalize your patient’s gut flora and stimulate
the immune system. It is important to have it raw with meats or cooked as a part of the meal. Work on
using a whole head of garlic every day (not just a few cloves).
• Unprocessed honey is the only sweetener allowed (in baking it is better to use dried fruit as a
sweetener). Locally produced honey is usually the most reliable.
by lydia on November 19, 2010
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This was the first session I attended at the Wise Traditions Conference. I took notes, but I am a slow writer
and typer, so thankfully a reader sent me an email with her fabulous notes. She graciously agreed to let me
use them in this post. So a huge thanks to Jenifer Andersen for her thorough notes.
GUT & PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY SYNDROME

“All diseases begin in the gut.” ~ Hippocrates
◦If the root of the tree is not healthy, the whole tree will be sickly
Roles of Gut Flora

◦Recent research suggests that 90% of the body’s cells are micro-flora
◦Beneficial gut flora (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, even worms) are essential to life & health; a sterile gut
would likely be fatal
◦Gut flora is major barrier to heavy metal absorption/toxicity (mercury, arsenic, etc.); also helps block
chemical toxin absorption
◦Gut flora are critical to digestion of several kinds of foods, therefore also to absorption of several kinds of
nutrients
◦Some nutrients (i.e. all B vitamins) are actually produced by healthy gut flora from nutrients provided in food
◦The gut flora can neutralize toxic byproducts of digestion, as well as preventing cancer cells from
developing. Long-term damage to gut flora ultimately results in digestive cancers(antibiotic use is likely a
major factor).
◦Approx 84-88% of immune system is located in gut wall. The gut flora actually regulates the balance of the
immune system. If the primary (gut-related) part of the immune system is damaged and not working properly,
the secondary system steps up and allergies are among the results.
What Can Damage Gut Flora

◦Antibiotics kill not only the bad bacteria, but also the good. After a course of antibiotics, the gut flora can
take up to 2 months to recover; this is a major window of opportunity for problems to develop. Prolonged
antibiotics (i.e. 6-24 months in teenagers for acne) can have extreme prolonged effects.
◦Poor diet (the modern standard diet) feed abnormal gut flora with the sugar, processed starches and
chemicals.
◦Chronic disease always is related to problems in the gut flora – sometimes a circular relationship.
◦Pretty much everything a dentist uses is toxic, so it’s important to pay attention to diet & take probiotics
before and after dental treatments.
A Typical Scenario
◦Babies now start out with abnormal gut flora due to the abnormal gut flora of the mother; this problem
self-perpetuates through multiple generations unless deliberate action is taken.
◦Babies are born with a very immature immune system; the first few weeks are critical to establishing gut
flora and therefore a healthy immune system. The most common result of of failure to develop a healthy gut
flora and immune system in an infant is recurring ear infections, which starts a cycle of antibiotics and
ongoing gut flora damage.
◦Vaccinations are designed for healthy, well-nourished children. Most children in the western world are not fit
to be immunized because they are not healthy and properly-nourished.
Damaged Gut Wall

◦With a healthy gut there are no spaces between enterocytes. Nutrients can’t get into the blood without going
through the enterocytes and being checked/detoxified.
◦Food intolerances are a result of a leaky gut – of foods being absorbed before being properly digested. If the
gut is healed and sealed, food intolerances can be corrected.
◦Many proteins in foods are similar to proteins naturally found in the body. Improperly-digested proteins
getting through the gut wall can cause the immune system to attack similar proteins that are natural in the
body, resulting in autoimmune disease. This is called “mimicking phenomenon”.
◦Toxins that get through can change the structure of proteins in the body, thereby creating strange/unnatural
proteins that the immune system then attacks. This is a factor in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis,
eczema, etc.
Cleaning the Flow from the Gut

◦The lungs are a major detoxification organ
Liver
◦The liver, when overwhelmed by a damaged gut, can change from being an effective filter into being a
source of ongoing toxins released into the blood.
◦The liver forms bile stones that harden and the center of the stone is infection. The bile stones that harden
and can’t be passed will further compromise liver function, which will cause more stones to form. This is a
self-perpetuating problem, and it frequently causes problems with digesting fats.
◦Freshly-pressed celery and apple juice can help dissolve/soften bile stones in the liver.
Lungs
◦Lungs are a major factor in removing toxins from the bloodstream
◦Wheezing (bronchospasm) is a biological action to close off damaged bronchi and allow them time to quickly
repair (20-30 minutes usually). Asthma is when multiple sections of the lungs do this at the same time.
Supportive therapy for asthma is keeping still, warm, calm and hydrated, thereby allowing the body to heal
properly.
◦Asthma medications override the body’s self-healing functions, leading to major long-term lung damage. This
has taken a benign, mild condition and turned it into a life-threatening problem.
Gut & Psychology Syndrome: Asthma
◦When asthma treatment doesn’t allow the lungs to heal themselves and detoxify the body, the toxins have to
end up elsewhere in the body.
Gut & Physiology Syndrome

◦Caused by the need to eliminate toxins and undigested food through other parts of the body because the gut
isn’t doing it’s job and the liver and lungs can’t do theirs.
◦Every mucous membrane is a potential means of eliminating toxins, be it bladder, sinuses, vaginal wall, or
gut.
Gut & Physiology Syndrome: Autoimmunity
◦Autoimmunity always involves more than one body system because more than one toxin will be coming
through the damaged gut.
Gut & Physiology Syndrome

◦The conditions listed as “autoimmune” are due to being toxic. Fatigue (debilitating fatigue) is generally a first
and primary symptom.
Blood-Brain Barrier
◦The blood-brain barrier is similar to the gut wall in that it is supposed to be very tight. Zonulin is one of the
components that maintains this tightness.
◦When toxins damage the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, toxins, microbes & antibodies pass through into
areas where they do not belong, causing neurological symptoms. These symptoms may be physical (epilepsy,
etc.) or psychological/behavioral (bipolar, schizophrenia, substanceabuse, etc.)
Gut & Psychology Syndrome: Child vs. Adult

◦GAPS children, unhealed, will become GAPS adults with major problems
◦GAPS kids are the ones that easily are pushed into psychotic reactions and end up with extensive psychiatric
problems (i.e. schizophrenia).
Epilepsy in children
◦Standard treatment of epilepsy is to not really look for a cause (just classify it as “idiopathic”), but rather to
just treat it by medicating to suppress symptoms.
◦If there is no biological reason for epilepsy, it is a gut problem that should be able to be healed.
Eating Disorders
◦Vegetarian diets are becoming a major source of eating disorders in the western world. Children go
vegetarian because they are told it’s “healthy” or “planet-saving” or “kind to animals”.
Parents generally don’t object because it’s so common, but the child ends up with nutritional deficiencies
(especially B12 and fat-soluble vitamins). Additionally, the diet becomes heavy in starches and sugars…
eventually toxicity gets past the blood-brain barrier and alters perception and thinking.
◦Current treatment focuses only on “gaining weight and eating”. Treatment should focus on detoxification,
healing and sealing the gut and the blood-brain barrier, and correcting nutritional deficiencies. A few weeks
on the GAPS Introduction Diet will usually allow enough detoxification to allow self-perception to become
accurate.
◦Correcting the diet is the most important part of treatment.

◦GAPS Diet was developed from the SCD (Specific Carbohydrate Diet)
Foods to Avoid
◦It takes TWO YEARS on the GAPS diet to allow full healing of the gut-related
◦Starch molecules are large and difficult to digest. The final steps of starch digestion are accomplished by the
enzymes of the enterocytes, which are not active in a sick gut. The starch that is not properly digested is food
for pathogenic flora.
◦Sugar consumption pulls magnesium from bones, teeth, etc., and leads to magnesium deficiency. In children
a main symptom of magnesium deficiency is hyperactivity; in adults a main symptom is hypertension. Blood
vessels need magnesium in order to be able to relax, calcium to contract.
◦Sugars are carried into capillaries and block them, forming amyloids and causing arthritis.
◦All beans contain starch; they can be added to later diet if soaked and properly prepared.
Recommended Foods
◦Foods that are homemade, easy to digest, and nutritious.
◦Animals designed to eat plant food only have several pH-neutral stomachs (rumins) full of bacteria that
digest plants for them People and carnivorous animals have one acidic stomach that can digest the plant
digest plants for them. People and carnivorous animals have one acidic stomach that can digest the plant-
eaters.
◦Healthy bowel flora will convert starches into short-chain fatty acids for absorption as fat. Few people in the
western world have enough healthy gut flora to do this. This is why starches should be avoided.
◦Liver is one of the most nutritionally powerful food and should be a regular part of the diet.
◦Vegetables should be cooked well in the initial stages.
◦Fruit should be only eaten if it was ripened naturally; chemically-ripened fruit is not healthy.
◦In fermented dairy the probiotics have digested some of the proteins as well as the lactose.
◦Bees won’t eat honey that has been heated above 113º F – it is damaged. This is why honey should be
cold-extracted.
Meat & Fish Stock

◦Meat stock is rich in simple amino acids, gelatins, etc., that help the gut lining be able to rebuild/heal itself.
Soups and stews should always be made with meat stock.
◦Bone marrow is one of the most nutritious substances on earth and should be eaten.
◦Long cooking of joint tissue results in extra collagen, which his especially essential for recovery of gut flora
(especially in autoimmune situations)
◦Fish stock should be made using heads, bones, fins, tail.
Breads, pies, cakes, etc.

◦These can be made using ground nuts and seeds (sunflower, pumpkin, sesame) as flour
Fermented Foods
◦Not only pre-digested (and therefore easy for digestion), but also teeming with probiotics
◦Probiotics help attack pathogenic organisms that can cause problems, therefore they have to be ramped up to
prevent die-off reactions
◦Sauerkraut and kimchi must be fermented long enough for a complete fermentation process, otherwise it will
cause gas and digestive problems (because the fermentation must finish in the digestive tract). When the
fermentation process is complete, the lactic acid stops the process; completely fermented sauerkraut will keep
for a year safely
GAPS Introduction Diet

◦People with signs of leaky gut need to go through the introduction diet in order to allow the enterocytes to
heal
◦The current love affair with fiber is due to improper interpretation of a study of native African diets and
health. Fiber is rough (“roughage”) that can further irritate an already-irritated gut.
Fiber is not necessary for health.

◦The third stage of GAPS is truly complete nutrition that allows the gut lining to truly heal; it can be followed
for a long period of time.
Dairy Introduction Structure – Organic Only!

◦If there is no severe reaction (anaphyllaxis), dairy can be started at step 3 with fermented dairy.
◦Dairy fat is critical – the gut lining needs large amounts of fat.
◦Cultured butter is more nutritious than butter made from sweet cream.
◦Yogurt should be introduced before kefir because kefire has a more extreme probiotic content. Both are
excellent for fixing problems with diarrhea, but may aggravate constipation. If there is a problem with
constipation, the diet needs more fat.
◦Homemade cheese == yogurt cheese (strained yogurt)
Low Fiber Diet for Diarrhea

◦Makes for quick healing of gut from illness
◦During diarrhea, give meat stock with a bit of sour cream every hour
◦Raw egg yolks do not require digestion; cooked egg yolks are difficult to digest because of
changes to the protein structure
g p
◦The juice of fermented vegetables provides strong probiotic content
Natural Fats
◦Fats and cholesterol are necessary building blocks of life – our cells can not develop/reproduce without fats,
and cholesterol is critical to healing in the body. Cholesterol is also a basic building block for hormone
production, is necessary food for brain and nerve cells, and is critical to vitamin D production.
◦Dietary animal fat stimulates glucagon production, which causes bodily fat to be burned for energy.
◦The majority of fat in human breast milk is saturated fat, with a smaller portion of monounsaturated fat.. The
physiology of adults is not substantially different from that of an infant; we still need a lot of fat.
Put Your Heart in Your Mouth (book cover slide)

GAPS – Practical Issues
Fussy Eating Habits

◦Many times the baby/child with abnormal gut flora becomes a fussy eater because the pathogenic gut flora
are trying to self-perpetuate. They are less likely to have psychiatric or learning symptoms early on because it
takes time for the blood-brain barrier to be compromised.
◦Solid foods for GAPS babies will cause illness symptoms that they can’t verbalize, but the baby refuses food
because he makes the association that it makes him feel bad.
Failure to Thrive
◦Result of fussy eating habits
◦Conventional medical care is even more damaging to this
Supplementation
◦Good probiotics are a critical part of the process, as are probiotic foods
◦Multivitamins, mineral, amino-acid supplements are not necessary for everyone
◦Children may not need HCl or pepsin; only if excess burping is an issue. Cabbage juice or whey or kefir may
work well in place of these (just a little before a meal).
◦Reflux can be caused by yeast overgrowth damaging the ability of the esophageal sphincter to close; the
yeast overgrowth is a symptom of the stomach not be acidic enough.
◦Pancreatic enzyme production is directly dependent on adequate stomach acidity. When the stomach acidity
is enough to properly digest the food, the pancreas will produce enzymes accordingly.
Detoxification
◦GAPS patients are toxic, so detoxification is necessary. Cleaning up the gut is the major focus because the
gut is the major source of toxins in the body.
◦The most therapeutic juices are not palatable, but they can be mixed 50/50 with carrot or apple juice to
improve the flavor. The fresh juice can also be made into a smoothie with a bit of kefir and an egg yolk.
◦If doing detoxification baths, rotate the add-ins… sea salt one time, cider vinegar the next, seaweed powder
the next…
◦Skin absorbs everything put on it in seconds, so eliminate toxins from personal care products.Putting
something on the skin bypasses the liver’s detoxification.
Natural Chelation
◦Chelation chemicals not only remove heavy metal toxins, they also remove critical minerals (especially zinc).
As a result, the long-term effects of chemical chelation are very damaging.
◦Probiotics are a potent chelator of heavy metals, as are fermented foods.
Constipation
◦Constipation is worse than diarrhea because toxins are staying in the bowel too long. Yeast(candida) is a
major player in developing constipation.
◦Constipation should be defined as no stool for one day; enemas are sometimes quite helpful, especially if a
small amount of baking soda.
small amount of baking soda.
◦Castor oil can be massaged into the skin of the abdomen (over the stomach) to be absorbed through the skin
and help loosen the stool.
◦Magnesium oxide (milk of magnesia) is a rather violent solution.
◦If you are constipated, there are not enough animal fats in your diet.

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Support A MESSAGE FROM DR. NATASHA CAMPBELL-MCBRIDE:

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For detailed information on the GAPS diet please refer to:

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A Very Brief History

Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride holds a degree in Medicine and Postgraduate

Dr. Campbell-McBride set up The Cambridge Nutrition Clinic in 1998. As a parent

**This site should be used as a complement to Dr. Campbell-McBride's book Gut

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Pregnancy and Baby

Resources 1. Diet

SCD permits lactose-free dairy products. Lactose is a milk sugar.

Fermented dairy products such as yogurt are largely lactose free as a

Another problem with dairy is how it relates to food allergies and

The essential supplements for GAPS patients:

A. An effective therapeutic strength probiotic

A. An effective therapeutic strength

Probiotics are most commonly used in the

viral infections of the digestive tract

allergies including food allergy

While many conditions may benefit from

General Guidelines for choosing a good

a. A good probiotic should have as

b. A mixture of strains from different

c. A good probiotic should have a

d. The manufacturer of the probiotic

B. Essential Fatty Acids

GAPS children and adults should have a

a. A good seed/nut oil blend in the ratio

b. Cod liver oil to supply EPA, DHA,

c. Fish oil with higher ratio of EPA to

As listed previously, vitamin A is

Leaky gut and malabsorption are the typical

A natural form of vitamin A found in CLO

People with abnormal gut flora almost

Stomach acid is the first barrier for huge

Dr. Campbell-McBride recommends that

These are the enzymes people generally

Dr. Campbell-McBride recommends

E. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

Dr. Campbell-McBride does not generally

Some patients may require targeted

If you are going to use supplements:

a. Choose supplements without any

c. Keep supplements to an absolute

3. DETOXIFICATION AND LIFE-STYLE CHANGES

Black Elderberry is also beneficial and has strong immune-stimulating

The General Toxic Load

Household plants are great at reducing the

This is a brief summary of important points addressed in Gut and

GAPS Online Store

Full GAPS Diet GAPS Introduction Diet

FAQs Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride recommends that GAPS patients

Following the Introduction Diet fully is essential for

Food Allergies and Intolerances

Those without serious digestive problems and food intolerances