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JP XII Physical&Inorganic Chemistry (14) - Prev Chaps + Inorg. Chem PDF
JP XII Physical&Inorganic Chemistry (14) - Prev Chaps + Inorg. Chem PDF
CHEMISTRY
1. Values of heats of formation for SiO2 and MgO are – 48.4 and – 34.7 kJ respectively. The heat of the reaction
2 Mg + SiO2 2MgO + Si is -
SiO2 rFkk MgO dh lEHkou Å"ekvksa ds eku Øe'k% – 48.4 rFkk – 34.7 kJ gSA 2 Mg + SiO2 2MgO + Si vfHkfØ;k
dh Å"ek gksxh %
(A) 21.16 kJ (B*) – 21.00 kJ (C) – 13.62 kJ (D) 13.6 kJ
CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g) vfHkfØ;k esa ; H = 2.8 kJ, H iznf'kZr djrk gSA
(A*) vfHkfØ;k dh Å"ek (B) ngu dh Å"ek (C) lEHkou Å"ek (D) foy;u dh Å"ek
4. Which of the following relations hold good (where symbols have their usual meaning) :
TC2 TC
(A) a P (B) b P (C*) A and B both (D) None of these
C C
fuEu esa ls dkSulk lEcU/k lgh gSA ¼tgk¡ fn;s x;s izrhd budk lkekU; vFkZ j[krs gSa ½
2
a TC TC
(A) (B) b (C*) A rFkk B nksuksa (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
PC PC
27R 2 TC2 R TC
Sol. a= PC , b = 8 P
64 C
5. The correct relationship between critical temperature (T C) and Boyle's temperature (T B) for CO2 gas is :
CO2 xSl ds fy, ØkfUrd rki (TC) o ckW;y rki (TB) ds e/; lgh lEcU/k gSA
(A*) TB > TC (B) TB < TC (C) TB = TC (D) Nothing can be predicted.
vuqeku ugh yxk ldrs gSaA
a 8 a
Sol. TB = , TC = TB > TC
bR 27 bR
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6. Arrange the following in increasing order of magnitude of lattice enthalpy : Al2O3, Na2O, MgO
fuEufyf[kr ;kSfxdksa Al2O3, Na2O, MgO dks tkyd ,UFkSYih ds ifjek.k ds c<+rs gq, Øe esa O;ofLFkr dhft, %
(A) Al2O3 < Na2O < MgO (B) MgO < Al2O3 < Na2O
(C*) Na2O < MgO < Al2O3 (D) Na2O < Al2O3 < MgO
Sol. As charge on cation increases, magnitude of lattice enthalpy increases.
gy tSls&tSls /kuk;u ij vkos'k c<+rk gS] oSls&oSls tkyd ,UFkSYih dk ifjek.k Hkh c<+rk gSA
7. K[IBrCl] X + Y
X & Y are respectively : (Answer according to lattice energy)
(A) KI and BrCl (B) KBr and ICl (C*) KCl and IBr (D) None of these
K[IBrCl] X + Y
X rFkk Y Øe'k% gS (mÙkj tkyd ÅtkZ ds vk/kkj ij nhft, )
(A) KI rFkk BrCl (B) KBr rFkk ICl (C*) KCl rFkk IBr (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. For the same cation, lesser the anionic size, greater will be the lattice energy. So, the product formed will be
KCl, corresponding to maximum lattice energy.
g y- leku /kuk;u gksus ij vis{kkd`r NksVs _.kk;u ds fy, tkyd ÅtkZ dk eku vf/kd gksxkA blfy,] fufeZr mRikn KCl gksxk]
bldh tkyd ÅtkZ vf/kdre gksxhA
9. The energies E1 and E2 of two radiations are 25 eV and 50 eV respectively. The relation between their
wavelengths i.e. 1 and 2 will be :
nks fofdj.kksa dh ÅtkZ,¡ E1 rFkk E2 Øe'k% 25 eV rFkk 50 eV gSa] muds rjaxnS/;Z] vFkkZr~ 1 rFkk 2 ds chp lEcU/k gksxk%
1
(A) 1 = 2 (B*) 1 = 22 (C) 1 = 42 (D) 1 =
2 2
Sol. E1 = 25 eV, E2 = 50 eV
hc hc 25 2
E1 = , E2 = = 1 = 22
1 2 50 1
h h
= 1 So = 2 =
2 2
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11. At very low temperature, oxygen O 2, freezes and forms a crystalline solid. Which term best describes the
solid ?
(A) Covalent network (B*) Molecular crystals (C) Metallic (D) Ionic
vfrU;wu rkieku ij] vkWDlhtu O2 te tkrh gS rFkk ,d fØLVyh; Bksl curk gSA bl izdkj ds Bksl ds fy, mi;qDr in
gS \
(A) lgla;kstd vFkok usVodZ Bksl (B*) vkf.od Bksl
(C) /kkfRod Bksl (D) vk;fud
Sol. O2 solid is made up of O 2 molecules held together by van der Walls forces. Therefore, it is molecular
13. If this represents FCC of CaF 2, then shaded plane passes through the centre of how many fluoride and
calcium ions respectively :
;fn ;g CaF2 ds FCC dks iznf'kZr djrk gks] rks Nk;kafdr ry fdrus ¶yksjkbM vk;u o dSfY'k;e vk;u ds dsUnz
esa ls Øe'k% xqtjrk gS \
15. In a mixture of trichloromethane and ethyl ethanoate there are strong intermolecular forces between the two
types of molecule. Would you expect the mixture to give a positive or negative deviation from Raoult's law ?
(A) Positive (B*) Negative (C) no deviation (D) Can't say
VªkbDyksjksesFksu rFkk ,FksuksbV ds ,d feJ.k esa nks izdkj ds v.kqvksa ds e/; ,d izcy vUrjkf.kod cy gSA vki D;k vis{kk
djksxs fd feJ.k jkWmYV fu;e ls ,d /kukRed ;k _.kkRed fopyu nsxk \
(A) /kukRed (B*) _.kkRed (C) dksbZ fopyu ugha (D) dqN dgk ugha tk ldrk gSA
Sol. Negative. The bonding in the mixture will prevent the molecules escaping easily into the vapour.
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16. The following two graphs are plotted between the temperature and mole fraction of the components of two
different azeotropic mixture. (X1 = mole fraction of solvent).
17. Which of the following is not a function of salt bridge in an electrochemical cell ?
(A) To maintain electrical neutrality of the solution
(B) To complete the circuit so that current can flow.
(C) To supply ions to cathodic and anodic compartment.
(D*) To increase cell voltage
oS|qr jlk;fud lsy esa mifLFkr yo.k lsrq (Salt bridge) dk fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk dk;Z ugha gS \
(A) foy;u dh oS|qr mnklhurk dks cuk;s j[kuk
(B) oS|qr ifjiFk (electrical circuit) dks iwjk djuk] ftlls fo|qr dk izokg gks ldsA
(C) dSFkksM o ,uksfMd d{k dh vksj vk;uksa dks izokfgr djukA
(D*) lsy foHko esa o`f) djukA
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Note : If Eºcell > 0, then the reaction will be spontaneous at standard conditions, not necessarily at all condition or
given condition.
gy % G = – nFE; if E > 0 ; G < 0 Lor% vfHkfØ;k
uksV : ;fn Eºlsy > 0 gks rks ekud ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij vfHkfØ;k Lor% gksxh] ysfdu nh xbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ;k lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij Lor%
gksuk vko';d ugha gSA
19. What is the concentration of nitrate ions if equal volumes of 0.1 M AgNO3 and 0.1 M NaCl are mixed together
:
;fn 0.1 M AgNO3 rFkk 0.1 M NaCl ds leku vk;ru ,d lkFk fefJr fd;s tkrs gSa] rks ukbVªsV vk;uksa dh lkUnzrk D;k
gksxh:
(A) 0.1 M (B) 0.2 M (C*) 0.05 M (D) 0.25 M
(E) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
0.1V 0 0 .1
Sol. [NO3–] = 2V = 2 = 0.05 M
1. From the figure representing enthalpy change of various transitions as indicated, a substance has maximum
enthalpy when present in -
fuEu fp=k esa inkFkksZ ds fofHkUu laØe.kksa dh ,UFkSYih dks fuEukuqlkj iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS] fuEu es a ls fdl voLFkk esa mifLFkr
gksus ij inkFkZ dh ,UFkSYih dk eku vf/kdre gksrk gSA
(A) solid state (B) liquid state (C*) gaseous state (D) equal in all states
(A) Bksl voLFkk (B) nzo voLFkk (C*) xSl voLFkk (D) lHkh voLFkkvksa esa cjkcj
2. Standared enthalpy of given reaction H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(g) is H01 and standard enthalpy of condensation
of bromine is H02, standard enthalpy of formation of HBr(g) at 250C is
H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(g) vfHkfØ;k ds fy, ,UFkSYih ifjorZu] H01 gS rFkk czksehu ds la?kuu dh ekud ,UFkSYih dk eku
H02 gS] rks 250C rki ij HBr(g) dh ekud laHkou ,UFkSYih dk eku gksxk %
(A) H01 / 2 (B) H01 / 2 + H02 (C) H01 / 2 H02 (D*) (H01H02) / 2
0
Sol. H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(g) ; H 1
Br2() Br2(g) ; H0 = – H02
Hº1 Hº 2
H2(g) + Br2() 2HBr(g) ; 2 × H0f = H01 – H02 H0f =
2
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3.
If the above plot is replotted at temperature T2 (where T2 > T1) , then which of the following plots may show the
correct behaviour at T2 .
;fn mijksDr vkjs[k dks T2 rki (tgk¡ T2 > T1) ij iqu% vkjsf[kr fd;k tk;as] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk vkjs[k T2 rki ij lgh
O;ogkj iznf'kZr djsxk %
4. Calculate the compressibility factor for CO2, if one mole of it occupies 0.4 litre at 300 K and 40 atm.
Comment on the result.
(A) 0.40, CO2 is more compressible than ideal gas (B*) 0.65, CO2 is more compressible than ideal gas
(C) 0.55, CO2 is more compressible than ideal gas (D) 0.62, CO2 is more compressible than ideal gas
CO2 ds fy, laihMh;rk xq.kkad ifjdfyr dhft,] ;fn bldk ,d eksy 300 K rFkk 40 atm ij 0.4 yhVj ?ksjrk gS, ifj.kke
ij oDrO; nhft,A
(A) 0.40, CO2 vkn'kZ xSl dh vis{kk vf/kd laihM+hr gksrh gSA
(B*) 0.65, CO 2 vkn'kZ xSl dh vis{kk vf/kd laihM+hr gksrh gSA
(C) 0.55, CO2 vkn'kZ xSl dh vis{kk vf/kd laihM+hr gksrh gSA
(D) 0.62, CO2 vkn'kZ xSl dh vis{kk vf/kd laihM+hr gksrh gSA
PV real
Sol. Z = PV
ideal
5. W hen 0.1 mole HCl gas is added in 1lt of 0.1 M CH 3COOH(aq) then which statement is wrong?
(Ka = 2 × 10–5, log 2 = 0.3)
(A) degree of dissociation of CH3COOH decreases sharply.
(B) change in pH would be 1.85
(C*) conc of [Cl–] = 0.1 M, [CH3COOH] = 0.1 M, [H+] = 0.2 M in final solution
(D) on addition of HCl, Ka of CH3COOH does not change.
tc 0.1 eksy Bksl HCl dks 0.1 M tyh; CH3COOH ds 1 yhVj esa feyk;k tkrk gS] rc dkSulk dFku xyr gSA
(Ka = 2 × 10–5 , log 2 = 0.3)
(A) CH3COOH ds fo;kstu dh ek=kk esa rhozrk ls deh gksrh gSA
(B) pH esa ifjorZu 1.85 gksxkA
(C*) ifj.kkeh foy;u esa [Cl–] dh lkUnzrk = 0.1 M, [CH3COOH] = 0.1 M, [H+] = 0.2 M.
(D) HCl ds feykus ls CH3COOH ds Ka ds eku esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksrk gSA
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6. E ºAl3 / Al = – 1.66 V and KSP of Al(OH)3 = 1.0 × 10–33. Reduction potential of the above couple at pH = 14 is:
E ºAl3 / Al = – 1.66 V rFkk Al(OH)3 dk KSP = 1.0 × 10–33 gSaA pH = 14 ij mijksDr ;qXe ds fy, vip;u foHko gSa µ
(A*) – 2.31 V (B) + 2.31 (C) – 1.01 V (D) + 1.01 V.
Sol. pH = 14 [CH–] = 1 M
Ksp
[AI3+] = [OH– ]3 = 10–33
7. At 298K the standard free energy of formation of H 2O() is –257.20 kJ/mole while that of its
ionisation into H + ion and hydroxyl ions is 80.35 kJ/mole, then the emf of the following cell at
298 K will be(take F = 96500 C]
H 2(g,1 bar) | H+ (1M) || OH¯ (1M) | O 2 (g, 1bar)
298K rki ij H 2O() ds laHkou dh ekud eqDr ÅtkZ –257.20 kJ/mole gS] tcfd blds H + vk;u rFkk
gkbMªksfDly (OH¯) vk;u esa vk;uu dh ÅtkZ 80.35 kJ/mole gSA rks 298 K rki ij fuEu lsy dk
emf gksxk (F = 96500 C]
H 2(g,1 bar) | H+ (1M) || OH¯ (1M) | O 2 (g, 1bar)
(A) 0.40 V (B*) 0.50 V (C) 1.23 V (D) – 0.40 V
Sol. Cell reaction lsy vfHkfØ;k
1
Cathode dSFkksM+ : H 2O() + O (g) + 2e – 2OH¯(aq.)
2 2
Anode ,uksM : H 2(g) 2H + (aq.) + 2e –
1
H 2O() + O (g) + H 2(g) 2H+(aq.) + 2OH¯(aq.)
2 2
Also we have gekjs ikl
1
H 2(g) + O (g) H 2O() G° f = –257.2 kJ/mole
2 2
H 2O() H +(aq.) + OH¯ (aq.) G° = 80.35 kJ/mole
Hence for cell reaction
bl izdkj lsy vfHkfØ;k ds fy,
G° = –96.50 kJ/mole
G 96500
So vr% , E° = – = 2 96500 = 0.50 V
nF
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9.* Which of the following factors do not favour electrovalency ?
(A) Low charge on ions (B*) High charge on ions
(C) Large cation and small anion (D*) Small cation and large anion
fuEu esa ls dkSuls dkjd oS|qr la;kstdrk dk leFkZu ugha djrs gSa \
(A) vk;u ij fuEu vkos'k (B*) vk;u ij mPp vkos'k
(C) cM+k /kuk;u rFkk NksVk _.kk;u (D*) NksVk /kuk;u rFkk cM+k _.kk;u
Sol. (B) and (D) favour the covalent bond formation according to Fajan's rule.
Sol. Qtku fu;e ds vuqlkj (B) rFkk (D) lgla;ksth ca/k ds fy, mfpr dkj.k gSA
11. How will you prepare bleaching powder from slaked lime ?
vki cq>s gq;s pwus ls fojatd pw.kZ dSls cuk ldrs gS \
Ans.
13. For a cell Mg(s) |Mg2+ (aq) || Ag+ (aq)| Ag, Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25°C. Also find the maximum
work that can be obtained by operating the cell.
E°(Mg2+ / Mg) = – 2.37V, E° (Ag+/Ag) = 0.8 V.
,d lsy Mg(s) |Mg2+ (aq) || Ag+ (aq)| Ag ds fy, 25°C ij lkE;koLFkk fLFkjkad dh x.kuk dhft, \ rFkk vf/kdre dk;Z
dks Kkr dhft,] tks fd lSy ds lapkyu ls izkIr gksrk gSA
E°(Mg2+ / Mg) = – 2.37V, E° (Ag+/Ag) = 0.8 V.
Ans. Kc = 1.864 × 10107 , G° = – 611.8 kJ
0.0591
Sol. Ecell = 3.11 – log Keq. Ecell = 0.
2
3.11 2
log Keq. =
0.0591
Keq. = 1.864 × 10107
Gº = – 2.303 RT log 1.864 × 10107 = – 2.303 × 8.314 × 298 log 1.86 × 10107
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Comprehension #
(Read the following passage and answer the questions numbered 14 to 16. They have only
one correct option)
Standard reduction potentials (SRP) for different systems can be used to decide the spontaneity of a
reaction e.g. E Zn 2 = – 0.76V, hence for the reaction Zn + 2H + Zn2+ + H 2, G° is negative. It has
Zn
been found experimentally that if (SRP of an oxidant – SRP of a reductant) is more than 1.7V, then
their combination may lead to explosion (though it may be prevented by kinetic factors).
Now go through the following data and answer the questions.
Data :
E Ag / Ag = 0.80 V ; E N2 / N3 ¯ = – 3.09 V
vuqPNsn %
fuEu vuqPNsn dks i<+dj rFkk iz'u 14 ls 16 rd ds mÙkj nhft,A ;g dso y ,d lgh fodYi j[krs gSA
fofHkUu fudk;ksa ds eku vip;u foHko (SRP) dks ,d vfHkfØ;k dh Lorrk% dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk
gS mnkgj.k ds fy, E Zn 2 Zn = – 0.76V vr% Zn + 2H+ Zn2+ + H2 vfHkfØ;k ds fy, G° _.kkRed gS] ;g iz;ksfxd
:i ls ik;k x;k gS fd tc (,d vkWDlhdkjd dk SRP– ,d vipk;d dk SRP) 1.7 V ls vf/kd gS] rc ;g la;kstu
foLQksfVr gks ldrs gSA ¼gkyk¡fd bls xfrdh dkjdks }kjk jksdk tk ldrk gS½
fuEu vk¡dM+kas ds vk/kkj ij iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, \
vk¡dM+s : E Ag / Ag = 0.80 V ; E N / N ¯ = – 3.09 V
2 3
14. W hich of the following ionic combinations may lead to the formation of explosive substance.
(A) Sodium ion and azide ion (B) Silver ion and perchlorate ion
(C*) Silver ion and azide ion (D) All the above
fuEu esa ls dkSulk vk;fud la;kstu foLQksVd inkFkZ ds fuekZ.k esa iz;qDr gksrs gS \
(A) lksfM;e vk;u rFkk ,tkbM vk;u (B) flYoj vk;u rFkk ijDyksjsV vk;u
(C*) flYoj vk;u rFkk ,tkbM vk;u (D) mijksDr lHkh
Sol. For the given options
fn;s x;s fodYi ds fy,
(A) Sodium ion and azide ion ( lksfM;e vk;u rFkk ,tkbM vk;u)
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15. W hich of the following ions will be capable of causing catalytic decomposition of H 2O 2.
H 2O2 ds mRizsfd; vi?kVu ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulk vk;u mi;qDr gksxk \
(A) Fe 3+ (B) Fe 2+ (C*) both nksu ksa (D) None of these bues a ls dks bZ ugha
Sol. 3+
If Fe is present, then
Fe3+ + H 2O2 Fe2+ + O 2 E° = 0.77 + 1.03 = 1.8 V > 0
so spontaneous
Fe2+ + H 2O 2 Fe3+ + H 2O E° = 1.76 + 0.77 = 0.99 > 0
Hence Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ both are capable of decomposing H 2O 2.
bl izdkj Fe2+ rFkk Fe3+ nksuks H2O 2 dks fo;ksftr djus leFkZ gSA
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ChemINFO-1.16 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Daily Self-Study Dosage for mastering Chemistry Lead Storage Batterty (Lead-Acid Battery)
The lead storage battery used in cars was first demonstrated to the French Academy of Sciences by Gaston
plante in 1860. It contained nine cells in parallel and was able to deliver extraordinarily large currents. The cells
were constructed from lead plates separated by layers of flannel that were immersed in a 10% H 2SO4 solution. As
might be expected, the system soon became known as the
Lead-acid battery
Lead storage cell consists of lead grid filled with spongy lead which acts as the anode and a lead grid packed with
lead oxide that acts as the cathode. A number of (generally six) such electrode pairs are dipped in sulphuric acid
solution (20%) which acts as the electrolyte and these are separated by inert and porous partitions.
When the battery discharges, PbO2 is reduced to PbSO 4 . When it is charged, the reaction is reversed. The
standard electrode potential for the half-reaction is 1.682 V. The cell reactions are as follows:
At the anode: Pb(s) + SO42– (aq) PbSO4(s) + 2e–
At the cathode: PbO 2(s) + 4H+ (aq) + SO 42– (aq) + 2e– PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(I)
At the anode: Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4 (aq) 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(I)
The cell reaction shows that the electrolyte H2SO4 is consumed during the reaction, so as the reaction proceeds,
the concentration of H2SO4 decreases. Once the concentration of H2SO4 has fallen to a certain permissible level,
the battery needs to be recharged by reversing the discharge reaction. For this, an external potential higher than
the cell potential is applied. The cell then operates like an electrolyte cell and the PbSO 4 deposited on the
electrodes is reverted to Pb and PbO2 by the following reactions:
At the anode: PbSO 4(s) + 2H 2O(I) PbO2(s) + 4H+ (aq) + SO 42– (aq) + 2e–
At the cathode: PbSO 4(s) + 2e– Pb(s) + SO42–(s)
At the anode: 2PbSO 4(s) + 2H2O(I) Pb(s) + PbO 2(s) + 4H+ (aq) + 2SO 42–(aq)
The cell reactions show that the concentration of H 2SO4 increases during recharging of the cell. The potential
developed by each electrode pair is about 2V and higher potential can be obtained by connecting a number of
electrode pairs in series. These batteries find extensive use as automobile batteries, besides being used for
electrical supply in trains, hospitals, etc.
Memorize this theory as soon as you get the DPP. Revise it regularly and master this concept by practice.
18. Th cathode reaction during the charging of a lead-acid 20. Which of the following reactions occurs at the anode
battery leads to the during the recharging of lead storage battery ?
(A) Formation of PbSO4 (A) Pb + SO42– PbSO 4 + 2e –
(B*) Reduction of Pb 2+ to Pb
(B) Pb + PbO 2 + H2SO 4 2PbSO 4 + 2H2O
(C) Formation of PbO 2
(D) Deposition of Pb at the anode (C*) PbSO 4 + 2e – Pb + SO 42–
19. In a lead storage battery (D) PbSO4 + 2H 2O Pb + PbO 2 + 2H 2SO4 + 2e –
(A) Pb is oxidized to PbSO 4 at the anode 21. When a lead storage battery is discharged,
(B) PbO2 is reduced to PbSO4 at the cathode (A) SO2 is evolved (B) Lead is formed
(C) Both electrodes are immersed in the same aqueous (C) Lead sulphate is consumed
solution of H 2SO4 (D*) Sulphuric acid is consumed
(D*) All the above are true
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ChemINFO-1.16 fo|qr jlk;u
Daily Self-Study Dosage for mastering Chemistry lhlk lapk;d lSy (lhlk&vEy cSVjh )
dkjksa esa iz;qDr lhlk lapk;d cSVjh dks loZizFke xSLVu IykUV }kjk foKku dh ÝSap vdsMeh }kjk 1860 esa iznf'kZr fd;k x;kA
blesa ukS lSy lekukUrj ry esa gksrs gSa rFkk ;g vk'p;Ztud :i ls vf/kd /kkjk igqapkus esa l{ke gksrk gSA lSy dks ¶ysuy] tks
10% H2SO4 foy;u esa Mwch gqbZ gS] dh ijrksa }kjk i`Fkd ysM ;k lhlk dh IysVksa ls cuk;k x;kA vis{kkd`r :i ls fudk; vc
lhlk&vEy cSVjh dgykrk gSA
lhlk lapk;d lSy esa LikWUth ysM ls Hkjh gqbZ ysM fxzM gksrh gS] tks ,uksM ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gS rFkk ysM vkWDlkbM ls ladqfyr
ysM fxzM dSFkksM ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gSA bl izdkj ds bysDVªkWM ;qXeksa dh la[;k (lkekU;r% N%) dks lY¶;wfjd vEy foy;u (20%)
esa Mwcksrs gSa] tks fo|qr vi?kV~; ds leku dk;Z djrh gS rFkk ;g vfØ; o fNfnzr Hkkxks }kjk i`Fkd gksr s gSaA
tc cSVjh dks fujkosf'kr djrs gSa rks PbO2 , PbSO4 esa vipf;r gksrk gSA tc bls vkosf'kr djrs gSa rks vfHkfØ;k O;qRØe gksrh
gSA v)Z vfHkfØ;k ds fy, ekud bysDVªkWM foHko 1.682 V gSA lSy vfHkfØ;k,a fuEu izdkj gS %
,uksM ij : Pb(s) + SO42– (aq) PbSO4(s) + 2e–
dSFkksM ij : PbO2(s) + 4H+ (aq) + SO42– (aq) + 2e– PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(I)
,uksM ij : Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H2SO4 (aq) 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(I)
lSy vfHkfØ;k n'kkZrh gS fd fo|qr vi?kV~; H2SO4 dk vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku miHkksx gksrk gS vr% vfHkfØ;k lEiUu gksrh gS] H2SO4
dh lkUnzrk ?kVrh gSA H2SO4 dh lkUnzrk fuf'pr Lohd`r Lrj rd de gksrh gSA cSVjh dks fujkos'ku vfHkfØ;k ds O;qRØe }kjk
iqu% vkosf'kr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA blds fy, lSy foHko ls mPp ckáre foHko iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA ckn esa lSy ,d
oS|qr vi?kV~; lSy ds leku lapkfyr gksrk gS rFkk bysDVªkWM ij fu{ksfir PbSO4 fuEu vfHkfØ;kvksa }kjk Pb rFkk PbO2 eas cnyrk
gS :
lSy vfHkfØ;k,¡ n'kkZrh gS fd H2SO4 dh lkUnzrk lSy ds iqu%vkos'ku (recharging) ds nkSjku c<rh gSA izR;sd bysDVªkWu ;qXe }kjk
mRiUu foHko yxHkx 2V gksrk gS rFkk mPp foHko JS.kh esa bysDVªkWu ;qXeksa dh la[;k dks tksM+dj izkIr gks ldrk gSA ;g cSVfj;ka¡
jsyksa] vLirkyksa bR;kfn esa fo|qr izokg ds fy, iz;qDr gksus ds ctk; vkWVkseksckby cSVfj;ksa ds :i esa ek=kkRed (extensive) mi;ksx
ds :i esa ik;h tkrh gSA
Memorize this theory as soon as you get the DPP. Revise it regularly and master this concept by practice.
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18. Th cathode reaction during the charging of a lead-acid battery leads to the
(A) Formation of PbSO 4 (B*) Reduction of Pb2+ to Pb
(C) Formation of PbO2 (D) Deposition of Pb at the anode
20. Which of the following reactions occurs at the anode during the recharging of lead storage battery ?
(A) Pb + SO42– PbSO4 + 2e– (B) Pb + PbO2 + H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H 2O
(C*) PbSO4 + 2e– Pb + SO42– (D) PbSO 4 + 2H2O Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 + 2e–
18. ysM vEy cSVjh ds vkos'ku ds nkSjku dSFkksM+ vfHkfØ;k esa gksrh gSA
(A) PbSO4 dk fuekZ.k (B*) Pb2+ dk Pb es vip;u
(C) PbO2 dk fuekZ.k (D) ,uksM ij Pb dk fu{ksi.k
20. lhlk lapk;d cSVjh ds iqu% vkos'ku ds nkSjku ,uksM+ ij fuEUk esa ls dkSulh vfHkfØ;k gksrh gSA
(A) Pb + SO42– PbSO4 + 2e– (B) Pb + PbO 2 + H2SO4 2PbSO 4 + 2H2O
(C*) PbSO4 + 2e– Pb + SO42– (D) PbSO4 + 2H 2O Pb + PbO 2 + 2H2SO 4 + 2e–
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