Post Graduate School

Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Examination for Admission to Ph.D. Programme 2013-2014

Discipline : Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment)

Discipline Code : 03; Sub code-01 Roll No.

Please Note:

(i) This question paper contains 12 pages. Please check whether all the pages are
printed in this set. Report discrepancy, if any, immediately to the invigilator.

(ii) There shall be NEGATIVE marking for WRONG answers in the Multiple
Choice type questions (No. 1 to 130) which carry one mark each. For every
wrong answer 0.25 mark will be deducted.

5. The most important sucking pests of cotton

PART – I (General Agriculture) and rice are respectively
a) Nilaparvata lugens and Aphis gossypii
Multiple choice questions (No. 1 to 30). b) Aphis gossypii and Thrips oryzae
Choose the correct answer (a, b, c or d) c) Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Scirtothrips
and enter your choice in the circle (by dorsalis
shading with a pencil) on the OMR - d) Thrips gossypii and Orseolia oryzae
answer sheet as per the instructions
6. Which of the following microorganism causes
given on the answer sheet.
fatal poisoning in canned fruits and
vegetables?
1. Who is the present Chairman of Protection of a) Aspergillus flavus
Plant Varieties and Farmers' Right Authority b) Penicillium digitatum
(PPV&FRA)? c) Clostridium botulinum
a) Dr. R.R. Hanchinal d) Rhizoctonia solani
b) Dr. P.L. Gautam
c) Dr. S. Nagarajan 7. The cause of the great Bengal Famine was
d) Dr. Swapan K. Datta a) Blast of rice
b) Brown spot of rice
2. Which among the following is another name c) Rust of wheat
for vitamin B12? d) Karnal bunt of wheat
a) Niacin
b) Pyridoxal phosphate 8. Actinomycetes belong to
c) Cobalamin a) The fungi
d) Riboflavin b) Eukaryote
c) Mycelia sterilia
3. The largest share in India's farm export d) None of the above
earning in the year 2011-12 was from
a) Basmati rice 9. A virus-free clone from a virus infected plant
b) Non-basmati rice can be obtained by
c) Sugar a) Cotyledonary leaf culture
d) Guar gum b) Axenic culture
c) Stem culture
4. The National Bureau of Agriculturally d) Meristem tip culture
Important Insects was established by ICAR
in ________, was earlier known as _______. 10. Which of the following is not an objective of
a) Bangalore; PDBC the National Food Security Mission?
b) New Delhi; National Pusa Collection a) Sustainable increase in production of rice,
c) Ranchi; Indian Lac Research Institute wheat and pulses
d) New Delhi; NCIPM b) Restoring soil fertility and productivity at
individual farm level
c) Promoting use of bio-pesticides and organic
fertilizers
d) Creation of employment opportunities
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 2

11. Agmarknet, a portal for the dissemination of 19. The term 'Heterosis' was coined by
agricultural marketing information, is a joint a) G.H. Shull
endeavour of b) W. Bateson
a) DMI and NIC c) T.H. Morgan
b) DMI and Ministry of Agriculture d) E.M. East
c) NIC and Ministry of Agriculture
d) DMI and Directorate of Economics and 20. When a transgenic plant is crossed with a
Statistics non-transgenic, what would be the zygosity
status of the F1 plant?
12. The share of agriculture and allied activities a) Homozygous
in India's GDP at constant prices in 2011-12 b) Heterozygous
was c) Hemizygous
a) 14.1% d) Nullizygous
b) 14.7%
c) 15.6% 21. The highest per capita consumption of
d) 17.0% flowers in the world is in
a) The USA
13. The average size of land holding in India b) India
according to Agricultural Census 2005-06 is c) Switzerland
a) 0.38 ha d) The Netherlands
b) 1.23 ha
c) 1.49 ha 22. Which of the following is a very rich source of
d) 1.70 ha betalain pigment?
a) Radish
14. 'Farmers First' concept was proposed by b) Beet root
a) Paul Leagans c) Carrot
b) Neils Rolling d) Red cabbage
c) Robert Chamber
d) Indira Gandhi 23. Dog ridge is
a) Salt tolerant rootstocks of mango
15. In the year 2012, GM crops were cultivated b) Salt tolerant rootstocks of guava
in an area of c) Salt tolerant rootstocks of grape
a) 150 million hectare in 18 countries d) Salt tolerant rootstocks of citrus
b) 170 million hectare in 28 countries
c) 200 million hectare in 18 countries 24. Which of the following micronutrients are
d) 1.70 million hectare in 28 countries most widely deficient in Indian soils?
a) Zinc and boron
16. The broad-spectrum systematic herbicide b) Zinc and iron
glyphosate kills the weeds by inhibiting the c) Zinc and manganese
biosynthesis of d) Zinc and copper
a) Phenylalanine
b) Alanine 25. Which of the following fertilizers is not
c) Glutamine produced in India?
d) Cysteine a) DAP
b) Urea
17. At harvest, the above ground straw (leaf, c) Muriate of potash
sheath and stem) weight and grain weight of d) TSP
paddy crop are 5.5 and 4.5 tonnes per
hectare, respectively. What is the harvest 26. What is the estimated extent of salt affected
index of paddy? soils in India?
a) 45% a) 5.42 mha
b) 50% b) 7.42 mha
c) 55% c) 11.42 mha
d) 100% d) 17.42 mha

18. Crossing over between non-sister 27. Which of the following is not a feature of
chromatids of homologous chromosomes watershed?
takes place during a) Hydrological unit
a) Leptotene b) Biophysical unit
b) Pachytene c) Socio-economic unit
c) Diplotene d) Production unit
d) Zygotene
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 3

28. Correlation coefficient 'r' lies between 35. Duffee's formula is used to find the
a) 0 and 1 a) Capacity of a blower
b) -1 and 1 b) Capacity of a null
c) -1 and 0 c) Ventilation rate
d) 0 and  d) Chopping capacity of chaff cutter

29. For the data 1, -2, 4, geometric mean is 36. The width of seed drill with 9 tynes, each
a) 2 spaced at 20 cm is
b) 4 a) 160 cm
7 b) 180 cm
c) -  c) 200 cm
3
d) 220 cm
d) -2
37. A flat fan nozzle is suitable for
30. The relationship between Arithmetic mean a) Foliage spray
(A), Harmonic mean (H) and Geometric b) Insect control
mean (G) is c) Spot spray
2
a) G =AH d) Herbicide spray
b) G= A+H
2
c) H =GA 38. A furrow cross-section in a country plough is
2
d) A =GH commonly
a) Circular
PART – II (Subject Paper) b) Triangular
c) Rectangular
Multiple choice questions (No. 31 to 130). d) Trapezoidal
Choose the correct answer (a, b, c or d)
and enter your choice in the circle (by 39. In adiabatic process
shading with a pencil) on the OMR - a) There is no change in volume of the medium
answer sheet as per the instructions b) There is no change in temperature
c) There is no transfer of heat
given on the answer sheet.
d) The entropy is changed
31. Notched disc blades on disc harrows are
40. The potential difference across the gap of a
provided to
spark plug ranges between
a) Enhance penetration
a) 10-20 mV
b) Improve balancing of gangs
b) 10-20 V
c) Save on steel
c) 10-20 kV
d) Reduce draft
d) 10-20 MV
32. ULV spraying is used for
41. The electrolyte in a lead-acid battery is
a) Minimizing drift
a) H2SO4
b) Reduce application rate
b) HNO3
c) Aerial spraying
c) HCl
d) Spot application
d) NaCl
33. A threshing cylinder of 50 cm diameter
42. Differential lock in tractor is used to improve
rotates at an angular velocity of 44
a) Lateral stability
radians/second. The peripheral velocity (m/s)
b) Braking performance
will be
c) Hydraulic lift
a) 5.5
d) Traction of a wheel
b) 11.0
c) 16.5
43. Calorific value of petrol is
d) 22.0
a) 10,300 kCal/kg
b) 10,550 kCal/kg
34. Registration of a cutter bar means
c) 11,100 kCal/kg
a) Centre of knife must stop in the centre of
d) 12,000 kCal/kg
guard on each stroke
b) Centre of knife should be ahead of guard 44. The use of pressurized radiator cap is to
c) Centre of knife should be behind the guard a) Reduce evaporation loss
d) Centre of knife should be at the end of the b) Increase engine operating temperature
guard c) Increase boiling point of water
d) Reduce heat losses
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 4

45. S.I. unit of tractor power is x2

54. The first derivation of e wrt x is
a) Wp 2
a) ex
b) kW x2
c) kW-h b) 2xe
2 x2
d) Newton c) xe
2
46. The common firing order of a 4-stroke, 6 ex 
d) 2
cylinder diesel engine is x 1

a) 2-5-3-6-1-4
b) 1-4-2-3-6-5 55. Two faces of magnitude 30 N and 40 N act
c) 1-5-3-6-2-4 at right angle to each other. The resultant
d) 1-4-2-6-5-3 force is
a) 40 N
47. Choke in a I.C. engine is used to control b) 50 N
a) Camshaft speed c) 60 N
b) Specific fuel consumption d) 70 N
c) Air fuel mixture
d) Crankshaft speed 56. A star-delta starter is used to operate
a) Diesel engine
48. During a field operation, the normal load b) Single phase electric motor
below one of the rear wheels of tractor was c) Three phase electric motor
measured as 3000 N. The draw bar pull for d) Three wheeled tractor
coefficient of traction of 0.60 will be
a) 1800 N 57. The combustible gas in a biogas is
b) 3600 N a) Methane
c) 4800 N b) Hydrogen
d) 5400 N c) Nitrogen
d) Helium
49. Puddling is used to
a) Reduce percolation of water 58. Anthropometry is a study of
b) Pulverize soil a) Human energy consumption pattern
c) Level the field b) Static and dynamic human body dimensions
d) Compact the soil c) Human comfort lend
d) Human fatigue w.r.t. oxygen consumption
50. Bronze is an alloy of
a) Copper and zinc 59. The value of slip for reporting maximum DB
b) Copper and tin pull for wheeled tractor, as per BIS
c) Zinc and tin standards, is
d) Aluminium and zinc a) 5%
b) 10%
51. The dimension of surface tension is c) 12%
a) [MLT] d) 15%
–1 –2
b) [ML T ]
–1
c) [ML ] 60. For a tractor rubber tyre having width ‘b’ and
d) [MLT–2] length of contact as ‘l’, the area of contact is
a) b  l
52. A tractor seat suspension should have its b) 0.78 bl
natural frequency in the range of c) 0.5 bl
a) 0.5 to 2.0 Hz d) 0.25 bl
b) 2.0 to 4.0 Hz
c) 4.0 to 6.0 Hz 61. Castor angle is essentially related to
d) 6.0 to 8.0 Hz a) Drive wheels
b) Steered wheels
53. A diesel fuel has 70 parts n-cetane and 30 c) Towed wheels
parts of heptamethyl nonane, its cetane d) Self-propelled wheels
number will be
a) 44.5 62. S.I. unit of specific draft is
2
b) 66.5 a) kg/cm
2
c) 74.5 b) kg/m
d) 90.2 c) N/cm2
2
d) N/m
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 5

63. Optical pyranometer is used to measure 72. The sum of net traction and rolling resistance
a) Light intensity of a traction device while pulling is termed as
b) Low temperature a) Thrust
c) High temperature b) Tractive force
d) None of the above c) Power output
d) Torque output
64. The ascending order of resistance to
ploughing force with type of soil is 73. The lowest temperature at which a fuel
a) Clay-loam-sandy loam-sand ceases to flow is known as
b) Clay-sandy loam-loam-sand a) Cloud point
c) Sand-sandy loam-loam-clay b) Flash point
d) Sand-loam-sandy loam-clay c) Pour point
d) Chilled point
65. The speed of CPU of computer is given by
a) GB 74. For a wheeled tractor with mass M and
b) GHz velocity V, the kinetic energy may be better
c) m/s approximated by
d) GJ
1
a)  MV2
66. In axial flow paddy thresher, a spike tooth 2
cylinder is preferred over a rasp bar cylinder
because 1.1
b)  MV2
a) It has more positive feeding action 2
b) It requires less power
1 2
c) It does not plug easily c)  MV
d) All of the above 2.1
2
67. Subsoiler plough is best suited for d) MV
a) Breaking hard pan
b) Deep ploughing 75. OECD deals in
c) Making ditches a) Tractor manufacturing
d) Inter cultivation b) Tractor performance test standards
c) Tractor trading in Europe
2
x -3x+2 d) Export of tractors
68. The value of lim x2 
2 will be
x +x-6
a) 0 76. Which of the following is not included in
b) 1 flexible manufacturing system (FMS)?
c) 1/5 a) Automation
d) 1/6 b) CNC
c) DNC
69. The value (v) of the matrix d) Jig fixture

-7 -2 -3 14 77. Which of the following is not a reliability

-2 -4 3 1 engineering tool?
-1 2 -3 4 a) Weibull analysis
is b) Accelerated testing
a) 0 c) Uniform testing
b) 2 d) Bayes method
c) 3
d) 4 78. The Headquarters of BIS is located in
a) Kolkata
70. A strain gauge made of copper-nickel alloy b) Delhi
have a gauge factor of c) Chennai
a) 1-2 d) Bangalore
b) 2-3
c) 3-4 79. If P is a square matrix, then the matrix P+P is
d) 4-5 a) Symmetric
b) Skew symmetric
71. SPRERI has been working on
c) Diagonal
a) Sprayers
d) Involutory
b) Agro-machines
c) Renewable energy
d) Irrigation pumps
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 6

80. The property of a material which allows it to 89. The instrument used to measure area of map
be drawn into a smaller section is called is
a) Plasticity a) Dumpy level
b) Ductility b) Theodolite
c) Drawability c) Planimeter
d) Elasticity d) Dynamometer

81. The octane rating of methane gas is 90. Ozone layer in atmosphere is contained in
a) 130 a) Troposphere
b) 80 b) Stratosphere
c) 50 c) Ionosphere
d) 35 d) Mesosphere

82. Shortening of top link of tractor three-point 91. The tractor testing facility of Government of
hitch system India is located at
a) Increases weight transfer on rear wheels a) New Delhi
b) Decreases weight transfer on rear wheels b) Bundi (Madhya Pradesh)
c) Increases penetration of implement c) Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh)
d) Decreases penetration of implement d) Kharagpur (West Bengal)

83. In a hydrostatic drive, the speed is governed 92. Penetration of a trailed type disc harrow is
by not affected by
a) Rate of oil flow a) Size of disc
b) Direction of oil flow b) Angle of disc
c) Pressure of oil flow c) Weight of disc
d) Viscosity of oil flow d) Tractor hydraulic system

84. A piston type accumulator is filled with 93. Two nozzles in a spray boom are 40 cm
a) Oxygen apart and 50 cm high from the ground. If the
b) Hydrogen core angle of nozzle is 60o, the overlap will
c) Nitrogen be approximately
d) Argon a) 20%
b) 30%
85. In a single action disc harrow for balanced c) 45%
draft, the right and left gangs are angled d) 80%
a) Exactly the same
b) Right gang has 2-4o more angle 94. The product of two orthogonal matrices is
c) Left gang has 2-4o more angle a) Unitary matrix
d) Both gangs are right angled to the line of b) Orthogonal matrix
motion c) Unit matrix
d) Null matrix
86.The centre of resistance is the point
a) Through which c.g. of a tractor passes 95. The bending moment on a section is
b) Through which centre line of a tractor passes maximum where shearing force is
c) At which centre line of implement and line of a) Maximum
draft intersect b) Minimum
d) At which line of draft and centre line of c) Equal
tractor intersect d) Zero

87. The penetration of a tandem disc harrow can 96. The draft of a trailed type implement can be
be increased by measured using
a) Increasing tilt angle a) Brake dynamometer
b) Increasing disc angle b) Torque meter
c) Increasing disc diameter c) Tension dynamometer
d) All of the above d) Dial gauge

88. A cam and follower mechanism is used in 97. In a flail harvester, the cutting operation is
a) Cultivator performed by
b) Disc harrow a) Horizontally rotating circular blades
c) Transplanters b) Vertically rotating circular blades
d) Wheel hoe c) Knives mounted on a horizontal shaft
d) Knives mounted on a vertical shaft
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 7

98. The relationship between soil thrust (F), load 106. In a force-feed lubrication system, the type
on wheel (W), ground contact area (A), of pump generally used in tractor engines,
cohesion of soil (c) and internal frictional is
angle () is be expressed as a) Centrifugal pump
a) F = Wc + A tan  b) Gear pump
b) F = AC tan  + W c) Rotary vane pump
c) F = W/A + c tan  d) Plunger pump
d) F = Ac + W tan 
107. Hot magma is a source of
99. In a tractor, if the crankshaft is perpendicular a) Wind energy
to rear axle and flywheel rotation is clockwise b) Solar energy
when viewed from front then in making right c) Tidal energy
turn, tractor shall have tendency to tip d) Geothermal energy
a) Forward
b) Backward 108. The ratio of the volume of the voids to the
c) Left total soil volume is called
d) Right a) Void ratio
b) Porosity
100. In which flow meter, the pressure drop c) Dry bulk density
remains nearly constant but the area d) Wet bulk density
changes?
a) Pitot tube 109. Ballasts are sometimes used on front tyres
b) Venturimeter of a 4-wheel tractor to
c) Rotameter a) Increase traction
d) Orifice meter b) Increase stability
c) Decrease front wheel slippage
101. If f(x) is a perfect normal distribution with d) Decrease tractor vibration
mean and standard deviation of 5 and 1,
respectively, then the value of f(x) for x=6 is 110. For a given spray sample
a) 0.124 a) VMD is equal to NMD
b) 0.242 b) VMD is less than NMD
c) 0.482 c) VMD is more than NMD
d) 0.524 d) None of the above

102. As per the nature of relative motion belt and 111. The bearing material that is most
pulley drive is categorized as susceptible to corrosion is
a) Sliding pair a) Babbit
b) Turning pair b) Copper-lead
c) Cylindrical pair c) Aluminium
d) Rolling pair d) Aluminium-babbit

103. The four bar mechanism is usually rejected, 112. The high speed plow is
if the transmission angle is a) Sod or breaker bottom
a) Less than 30o b) Stubble bottom
b) Between 30o to 40o c) General purpose bottom
c) Between 45o to 60o d) None of the above
o
d) More than 60
113. For puddling operation, the tynes used in
104. In proper seat suspension design, the power tiller are
transmissibility should be a) C-type
a) Less than unity b) Curved type
b) More than unity c) L-type
c) Less than 2 d) Combination of C and L type
d) More than 2
114. Recommended peripheral velocity of spike
105. Which of the following is an inversion of a tooth threshing cylinder for wheat crop is
double slider crank mechanism? a) Less than 20 m/s
a) Oldham's coupling b) 20 to 25 m/s
b) Double sliding mechanism c) 25 to 30 m/s
c) Quick return motion mechanism d) 30 to 35 m/s
d) Witworth mechanism
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 8

115. The speed regulation (SR) of a governer is 122. At what fraction of maximum drawbar load,
related to the average speed (N) and the tractive efficiency reaches maximum?
change in speed at load (N) by a) 95%
b) 90%
N
a) SR =  c) 66%
N d) 33%
N
b) SR =  123. CVT is a type of
N a) Transmission
100N b) Valve
c) SR =  c) Voltage regulator
N
d) UPS
N
d) SR =  124. The slope of calibration curve of
100 N
dynamometer gives
116. The toe-in provided in a tractor is a) Threshold value
approximately b) Least count
a) 18 to 28 mm c) Range
b) 14 to 15 mm d) Sensitivity
c) 7 to 10 mm
d) 2/3 mm 125. Vibration is usually measured with
a) Vibration meter
117. The type of starting aid generally used in a b) Oscillograph
diesel power tiller is c) Rotameter
a) Glow plug d) Accelerometer
b) Thermostat
c) Decompression lever 126. Which of the following codes is not followed
d) Intake manifold surrounded by exhaust while testing agricultural machinery?
manifold a) RNAM
b) BIS
118. A 8-row automatic transplanter operates at c) ISO
a forward speed of 0.25 m/sec. If seedling d) RCC
spacing along the row is 0.25 m and row to
row spacing is 0.75 m, the required feed 127. Which one is not a conservation tillage
rate of the seedlings into the transplanter is machine?
a) 100 seedlings per minute a) Zero till drill
b) 130 seedlings per minute b) Raised bed planter
c) 240 seedlings per minute c) MB plough
d) 480 seedlings per minute d) Laser leveller

119. In case of semiconductors, the resistance 128. Straw combine is machine for
decreases with increase in temperature due a) Harvesting
to b) Reaping
a) Velocity of electron increases c) Harvesting and threshing of straw and left
b) Number of free electrons decreases over grain
c) Number of free electrons increases d) An attachment to combine
d) All of the above
129. If a machine has a 1000-h success
CIbd reliability of 90%, this means
120. The traction theory,  is expression for a) An average of 10% will fail in 1000 hours
W
a) Motion resistance ratio b) An average of 90% will have life exceeding
b) Wheel numeric 1000 hours
c) Traction coefficient c) On an average of 90% machines will work
d) Weight transfer d) Both a) and b)

121. Which one is not a traction aid? 130. Draft of an implement mounted on 3-point
a) Tyre chain and girdles hitch of a tractor is sensed by
b) Dual tyre a) Top link
c) Wheel strokes b) Lower link
d) Cage wheel extension c) Draft control lever
d) Position control lever
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 9

Matching type questions (No. 131 to 140); 136. Match the material used for manufacturing
all questions carry equal marks. Choose components
the correct answer (a, b, c, d or e) for i) The blade of a hand chaff a) Plastic
each sub-question (i, ii, iii, iv and v) and cutter
ii) Flywheel of a thresher b) Aluminium
enter your choice in the circle (by
iii) Nozzle of a sprayer c) High-carbon steel
shading with a pencil) on the OMR - iv) Flutted roller of a seed d) Cast iron
answer sheet as per the instructions drill
given on the answer sheet. v) Seed tube of a seed drill e) Brass or gun
metal
131.
i) Steering geometry a) Jointer 137. Match the product with process
ii) Tractive effort b) Camber angle i) Biogas a) SPV system
iii) Mould board plough c) Angle of internal ii) Char b) Anaerobic digestion
friction iii) CO c) Trans esterification
iv) Wheatstone Bridge d) Hydraulic system iv) Electric current d) Direct gasification
v) Gear pump e) Strain measurement v) Bio-diesel e) Pyrolysis

132. 138.
i) Harmonic motion a) Size of droplets i) Friction plate a) Oscillating sieves
ii) Four-bar linkage b) 3-dimensional motion ii) Dynamometer b) Puddling
iii) Gyroscopic action c) Venturi effect iii) Star wheel c) Clutch
iv) Drift control d) Mechanism iv) Crank and connecting rod d) Force
v) Carburetion e) Damping v) Cage wheel e) Reaper

133. 139.
i) Cereal crop harvester a) Caster i) Standard a) Selective sowing
ii) Implement for shallow b) Spool ii) Bite length b) Mower
ploughing iii) Dibbling c) Plough
iii) Inclination of king pin c) Blade harrow iv) Registration d) Disc harrow
iv) Outward inclination of tractor d) Camber v) Gang angle e) Rotary tiller
front wheel
v) Flanged tube in a harrow e) Reaper 140.
i) Disc angle a) Body measurement
134. ii) Centre of load b) Soil tilling
i) Temperature at which fuel a) Cetane number iii) Rotary cultivator c) Implement
catches fire iv) Anthropometry d) Sticky soil
ii) Specific gravity of fuel b) A.P.I. v) Disc type e) Width of cut
iii) Percentage of iso-octane c) Octane number
iv) Ignition quality of gasoline d) Diesel knock
v) Abnormal sound in an e) Flash point
engine

135. Match the most appropriate source of power

with the task
i) Lifting water a) Tractor
ii) 3-bottom M.B. plough b) Pair of bullocks
iii) Harvesting c) Manual
iv) Interculture operation d) Electric motor
v) 320 seed drill e) Self-propelled
combine
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 10

Short questions (No. 141 to 146); each question carries FIVE marks. Write answers,
including computation / mathematical calculations if any, in the space provided for
each question on the question paper itself.

141. Explain analytically how various forces acting on a disc harrow gang can be balanced to obtain even
penetration of discs?

142. Give a graphical representation of effect of concave length, cylinder-concave clearance and crop
moisture content on cylinder loss and grain damage.
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 11

143. Compare coefficient of traction and tractive efficiency of a tractor-implement system with respect to
their comprehensiveness.

144. With the help of an example, briefly describe various stages of design of agricultural machine
Subject : PhD – Agricultural Engineering (Farm Power and Equipment) – 2013 12

145. (i) What are the main adjustment of a mower having a pitman drive? Explain briefly.
(ii) Calculate power that a tractor is producing if a P.T.O. dynamometer test shows a scale reading
of 30 kgf at 1000 rpm. The scale arm is 1 m long.

146. With the help of free-body diagrams, explain the difference between a towed and a traction wheel.