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150
O'F
AND NOTES
BY THE
SPEAKER ONSLOW,
HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED.
VOL. I.
OXFORD,
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS.
MDCCCXXIII.
PREFACE
TO THIS EDITION.
public eye, is
owing to the following fortunate
incident.
I. A
resolution having been taken by the
places.
It is known to the readers of English his-
wicke copy is
missing, and in this copy the
Onslow notes had been transcribed. Now
apart from actual testimony, that the omis-
sions were not confined to the first volume,
it
appeared extremely probable to us, that in
"
great variety of expression, the substance
" is '
that library.
These circumstances considered, it is pro-
bable, that the same reasons which induced
the editor, or editors, to omit certain pas-
M. J, R.
THE
HISTORY
OF
MY OWN TIMES
VOL. I.
THE PREFACE.
a
This history he writ some beginning of the reign of king
time before the year 1705. but William and queen Mary he
how long, he has not any where dates the continuation of his
told ; only it
appears it was history on the first day of May,
then finished, because in the 1705. ORIGINAL EDITORS.
B 2
4 THE PREFACE.
ment, and of the bishops of Scotland. So that upon
this foundation I set out at first to look into the se-
cret conduct of affairs among us.
h
Bishop Burnet was a man pressing himself, which often
of the most extensive know- made him ridiculous, especially
ledge I ever met with; had in the house of lords, when
read and seen a great deal, with what he said would not have
a prodigious memory, and a been thought so, delivered in a
very indifferent judgment : he lower voice, and a calmer be-
was extremely partial,and rea- haviour. His vast knowledge oc-
dily took every thing for grant- casioned his frequent rambling
ed that he heard to the prejudice from the point he was speaking
of those that he did not like: to, which ran him into discourses
which made him pass for a man of so universal a nature, that
of less truth than he really was. there was no end to be expected
I do not think he but from a failure of his strength
designedly
published any thing he believed and spirits, of both which he
to be false. He had a boister- had a larger share than most
ous vehement manner of ex- men ; which were accompanied
B 3
6 THE PREFACE.
If I have dwelt too long on the affairs of Scot-
land, some allowance is to be made to the affection
all men bear to their native country. I alter no-
logy.
I have shewed this history to several of my
d
friends , who were either very partial to me, or
B 4
THE
OF
MY OWN TIMES
BOOK I.
fence. .
c
See the life of king James inquiring into the character of
in the complete history of Eng- king James; Bruce's answer
" Ken
ye a John Ape
>
land, vol. ii. page 666, in the was,
note thereto. ONSLOW. " en I's have
him, he'l bite you :
d Robert " en
Cecil, great-grand- you's have him, he'l bite
son to the first earl of Salis-
" me." D.
'
e
The earl of Seafield told but now, he said, one kingdom
me that king James frequently would help him to govern the
declared that he never looked other, or he had studied king-
upon himself to be more than craft to very little purpose from
king of Scotland in name, till his cradle to that time. D.
he came to be king of England ;
16 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
settling in England were of no further use to him
in that design, so his setting up episcopacy in Scot-
land, and his constant aversion to the kirk, how
right soever it might be in it self, was a great error
in policy for the poorer that kingdom was, it was
;
episcopacy
up ;g u f. up bishops, he had no revenues
though he set
in Scotland, to give them, but what he was to purchase for them.
s If
he was poisoned by the of Somerset's " God knows
trial,
earl of Somerset, it was not " what went with the
good
"
upon the account of religion, prince Henry, but I have
" heard
but for making love to the something." D.
countess of Essex ; and that was h Titus was the
greatest rogue
what the lord chief justice Coke in England. S.
meant, when he said at the earl
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 19
c 3
22 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
to the elector palatine, who accepted of it, being en-
1
The author might have the one and the other took a
added to these instances, that part different from their private
it was said, that prince Mau- sentiments, to serve their po-
rice was in his opinion an Ar- liticalinterests. The author
minian, and Barnevelt a Cal- does mention this afterwards,
vinist. But as these religious See page 316. O,
points became state divisions,
order to the forcing the states to a peace one ar- :
soon after the king was taken ill with some fits of
His death, an ague, and died of it. My father was then in
London, and did very much suspect an ill
practice
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 29
is
frater noster uterinus. He had only a
called
thTpliri-
h* s tutor an(l all his court were of that way and *>
:
r
This brings to my remem- created a great disorder, and
brance a story I heard the first every body seemed preparing to
duke of Bolton tell of himself do the like upon which the
:
cause in which every man in that there were more who had
England was obliged to draw taken the same resolution,
his sword, and laid his hand
.
though he did not name them,
upon his own, as if he designed D.
to draw it immediately, which
D 2
36 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
the king had asked was given and some petitions
;
fairs
by with consent of a competent
his majesty,
number of the clergy, to have the strength and
power of a law. But the king either apprehended
that great opposition would be made to the passing
the act, or that great trouble would follow on the
execution of it so when the rubric of the act was
:
and with his own pen had marked every man's vote :
8
(Quam insigniter reverendo cuum est concione publica ab
viro (Guil. Forbesio) injurii eo habita Edinburgi coram rege
sint, qui eum Catholicum Rom. Carolo I. an. 1633. Vit. Jok*
praedicant, inter alia perspi- Forbesii d, Corse, p. 10.)
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 39
i
Poor malice. S.
D 4
40 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
being for some time kept secret, it was thought done
because of his vote in parliament. But after some
consultation, a special commission was sent down for
the trial. In Scotland there is a court for the trial
prepared.
on, though but slowly, another design made a greater
progress. The
bishops of Scotland fell on the fram-
ing of a liturgy and a body of canons for the worship
v
Puppy. S.
44 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
and government of that church. These were never
examined in any public assembly of the clergy all :
the king and him before the troubles, but the earl
of Traquair broke it, seeing he was to be raised
above himself. The earl of Rothes had all the arts
of making himself popular only there was too much
;
z a
In the printed copy was See my note in my printed
substituted : And he had a fruit- copy of Oldmixon's history of
ful invention. the Stuarts, page 145. O.
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 49
tremely but all the use the city made of this was,
:
j f, . .
, , . . contents in
and trom some counties to the king, praying a treaty England.
with the Scots. The lord Wharton and the lord
VOL. i. E
50 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
Howard of Escrick undertook to deliver some of
these which they did, and were clapt up upon it a
;
.
c
Not one good quality named. S.
E 2
52 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
was promised a glorious fortune for some time, but
all was to be overthrown in conclusion. When the
earl of Montrose returned from his travels, he was
not considered by the king as he thought he de-
served so he studied to render himself popular in
:
d
Not of love, I hope. S.
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 53
e '
In a letter of the earl of the loss of the whole king-
'
Northumberland (printed a- dom) the giving way to the
'
niong the Sydney papers, vol. remove of divers persons, as
'
ii.
p. 663.) to the earl of Lei- well as other things, that will
cester, and dated Nov. J3th,
'
be demanded by the parlia-
" the
1640, he says,
'
king is in ment." O.
" such a
strait, that I do not
f
Dark nonsense. 8.
" know how
possibly he will z Sad trash. S.
" avoid
(without endangering
E 3
54 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
The proofs that appeared of some particulars, that
made this seem true, made other things that were
whispered to be more readily believed : for in all
times there are deceitful people of both sides,
critical
many spies upon the king and queen they told all
:
queen's means.
The mentioning this makes me add one particular
concerning archbishop Laud when his impeach-
:
h
There was reason enough tory of the Reformation) in
for the bishop's giving an ac- searching all records, private
count how he came by this most and public, gave good grounds
valuable piece of antiquity his : to suspect he had obtained it
it grew so
petulant, that the pulpit was a scene of
news and passion. For some years this was ma-
58 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
naged with great appearances of fervour by men of
age and some authority but when the younger and
:
Spirit.
The chief Henderson, a minister of Edenburgh, was by
D 1
low them no more, but that they had got the peo-
ple out of his hands, he sunk both in body and
mind, and died soon after [the papers had passed
between the king and him at Newcastle.] The
person next to him was Douglas, believed to be de-
scended from the royal family, though the wrong
way [for he was, as was said, the bastard of a bas-
:
5
Great nonsense. Rutherford was half fool, half mad. S.
60 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
after a trial ortwo in private before the ministers
alone : two or three sermons were to be
then
preached in public, some more learnedly, some more
practically then a head in divinity was to be com-
:
ings. but it was intended for the king's service, and would
probably have had the effect designed by it, if some
accidents had not happened that changed the face
of which are not rightly understood: and
affairs,
therefore I will open them clearly. The earl of
Montrose and a party of high royalists were for
entering into an open breach with the country in
the beginning of the year 1643, but offered no pro-
bable methods of maintaining it; nor could they
reckon themselves assured of any considerable party.
They were of undertakings
full but when they
:
ing in this was not all. The earl, then made mar-
quis of Montrose, had powers given him such as he
desired, and was sent down with them but he could :
k
Before the civil war the familiarities with
Harry Jer-
queen had a very particular myn ;
which she never
after
aversion to duke Hamilton, durst refuse the duke any thing
which he perceiving, prevailed he desired of her. This, sir
with Mrs. Seymour, who at- Francis Compton told me, he
tended upon her in her bed- had from his mother, the coun-
chamber, to let him into the less of Northampton, who was
queen's private apartment at very intimately acquainted with
Somerset House, (the usual Mrs. Seymour, that was after-
place for her retirement,) where wards drowned in shooting
he surprised the queen in London D.
great Bridge.
64 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
came over from Ireland to recover Kentire, the best
chievous, and proved the rum of the king s affairs to the king. :
VOL. I. F
66 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
much strength this summer : and they might make
a great progress by the accidents that another year
j Which
might have been an of the marquis of Montrose's
inducement for the bishop to transactions. D.
give so malicious an account
F 2
68 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
Oxford, were found, as the earl of Crawford, one
appointed to read them, told me which increased ;
fully ; and cried out against all that were for mode-
rate proceedings, as guilty of the blood that had
been shed. Thine eye shall not pity, and thou
shalt not spare., were often inculcated after every
execution :
they triumphed with so
decency, little
encewith
ceming the earl of Antrim. I had in my hand
the king
k
and queen. Lord Clarendon differs from all this. S.
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 69
deatb *
a breach of trust in a king ought to be punished
more than any other crime whatsoever he said, as :
that though all the demands that they made for the
The minis- shorter the whiggs. Now in that year, after the
e
an msurrec . news came down of duke Hamilton's defeat, the mi-
tion.
animated their people to rise, and march to
nisters
bar, and justified all that they had said to him, and
no strength in the
other side to carry it farther.
To complete the scene, as soon as ever Cromwell
got out of the house, he resolved to trust himself no
more among them but went to the army, and in a
;
chiefly en-
Cromwell was all the while in some suspense about gaged in
it. Ireton had the principles and the temper of a the king-f
llfe '
Cassius in him he stuck at nothing that might
:
the body of the city were much against it, and were
every where fasting and praying for the king's pre-
servation. There was not above 8000 of the army
about the town but these were selected out of the
:
r
Fairfax had hardly common where I stood by him during
sense. S. his supper; and he told me all
8
Sir Philip Meadows told that had happened to him at
me he was at Newmarket when Feversham with as much un-
the army brought the king thi- concernedness as if they had
ther, and observed that the been the adventures of some
king's was the only cheerful other person, and directed a
face in the place; which put great deal of his discourse to
me in mind of the night king me, though I was but a boy.
James returned to Whitehall, D.
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 81
G 3
86 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
on what had passed in the hurry of
leisure to reflect
his own and that coming out soon after his death
:
*I think it a poor treatise, and that the king did not write it, S.
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 87
writing and
; that it was carried down by the earl
with so much
candour, that king Charles retained
very kind impressions of it to his life's end. The
man then in the greatest favour with the king was
the duke of Buckingham : he was wholly turned to
mirth and pleasure : he had the art of turning per-
sons or things into ridicule beyond any man of the
The defeat The army was indeed one of the best that ever
at Dunbar.
Scotland had brought together but it was ill com-
:
Mank>
days' siege taken by storm: much blood was shed,
and the town was severely plundered no other :
were all
gifted men, and preached as they were
H 2
100 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
moved. But they never disturbed the public as-
semblies in the churches but once. They came and
reproached the preachers for laying things to their
charge that were false. I was then present the :
H 4
104 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
when he had delivered his message, chancellor Hide
asked himhow the king would be accommodated, if
he came among them ? He answered, not so well as
was fitting, but they would all take care of him to
furnish him with every thing that was necessary.
He wondered that the king did not check the chan-
cellor in his demand for he said, it looked strange
:
Highlands
a
them, that were so careful in their discipline, and
so exact to their rules, that in no time the High-
lands were kept in better order than during the
usurpation, There was a considerable force of
about seven or eight thousand men kept in Scot-
land these were paid exactly, and strictly disci-
:
c
tion a time of great peace and prosperity . There
was also a sort of union of the three kingdoms
in one parliament, where Scotland had its repre-
sentative. The marquis of Argile went up one of
our commissioners.
The next scene I must open relates to the DisP utes
. . among the
church, and the heats raised in it by the public re- covenant-
quiet :)
the supreme court of judicature the
if in
lowing. Where
the judicatories of the church were
near an equality of the men of both sides, there
were perpetual j anglings among them at last they
:
d I
believe the church had as much capacity as the minister.
S.
110 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
the principles and to the temper that prevailed in
the army so they were looked on as the better
:
virtue :
[but he was more a frantic deist, than either
protestant or Christian.] He adhered to the pro-
testant religion, as to outward appearance he was :
last, when the plot was laid among the cavaliers for
a general insurrection, the king was desired to come
over to that which was to be raised in Sussex he :
VOL. I. I
114
h
crushed by Lambert Thus Willis lost the merit
.
h
See Echard's History of England, p. 729. O.
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 115
had led a very strict life for above eight years toge-
ther before the war '
: so he comforted himself much
with his reflections on that time, and on the cer-
tainty of perseverance. But none of the preachers
were so thoroughpaced for him, as to temporal mat-
ters, as Goodwin was for he not only justified the
;
"
Archbishop Tillotson, who believed himself to be the in-
'
had married his niece, used to " strument of God, in the great
" that at "
say, last Cromwell's actions of his power, for the
" "
enthusiasm had got the better reformation of the world." O.
" of his
hypocrisy, and that he
I 2
116 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
allpeople with such expectation of a glorious thou-
sand years speedily to begin, that it looked like a
madness possessing them.
S
for
S
ie
'
gn ^ was no easv thing for Cromwell to satisfy
kingship, those, when he took the power into his own hands ;
grants and sales that had been made were null and
void all men that had gathered or disposed of the
:
telling him
that within a day or two such a Dutch
ship would pass the channel, whom he must visit for
the Spanish money, which was conterband goods,
we being then in war with Spain. So when the
ship passed by Dover, Smith sent, and demanded
leave to search him. The Dutch captain answered,
none but his masters might search him. Smith sent
him word, he had set up an hour glass, and if before
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 123
in his mind what was fit for him to do, Gage, who
had been a priest, came over from the West Indies,
and gave him such an account of the feebleness, as
well as of the wealth of the Spaniards in those parts,
as made him conclude that it would be both a great cr
P Lord Clarendon and Sir Philip Warwick say quite otherwise. ().
K 4
136 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
was, that he thought moral laws were only binding
on ordinary occasions, but that upon extraordinary
ones these might be superseded. When his own de-
signs did not lead him out of the way, he was a
lover of justice and virtue, and even of learning,
80 or swear to it.
My father refused it in a pleasant
hlm>
said, he hoped he should make the name of an Eng-
lishman as great as ever that of a Roman had been.
The Holland were in such dread of him,
states of
that they took care to give him no sort of umbrage :
it. The
putting the brother of the king of Portu-
gal's ambassador to death for murder, was the car-
s
On that day he had defeated ter. Note in the 8vo edit. 1755.
the Scotch at Dunbar, and the t But see Henry Cromwell's
next year the king at Worces- letters in Thurloe's papers. O.
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 141
but under this the declaring for the king was gene-
rally understood. Yet he kept himself under such
a reserve, that he declared all the while in the most
solemn manner for a commonwealth, and against a
144 A SUMMARY OF AFFAIRS
single person, in particular against the king so :
AII turn to The king had gone in autumn 1659 to the meeting
m S
side. at the Pyrenees, where cardinal Mazaiin and Don
Lewis de Haro were negotiating a peace. He ap-
plied himself to both sides, to try what assistance
he might expect upon their concluding the peace.
It was then known, that he went to mass some-
for the city sent and invited him to dine the next
the army, great care was taken to scatter them in wide quar-
ters, and not to suffer too many of those who were
still for the old cause to lie near one another. The
well and the ill affected were so mixed, that in case
of any insurrection some might be ready at hand to
assist them. They changed the officers that were
affected, who were not thought fit to be trusted
ill
Malice, S,
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 140
.
they had the best opinion of such of the church of
England as were of that persuasion. Hide wrote
in the king's name to all the leading men, and got
the king to write a great many letters in a very
x
When the earl of Claren- ther to Breda, gave him strict
don's history was first publish- charge not to trust Hide with
ed, the lord Grandville, second any thing that related to his
son to the earl of Bath, told me own concerns, and desired the
that Monk had always a very same caution might be given
particular dislike to chancellor the king; and his father told
Hide, and when he sent his fa- him, the chief thing that stag-
BEFORE THE RESTORATION. 151
Ineed not open the scene of the new parliament, A new P ar-
118
gered Monk in
the whole trans- out, and endeavoured ever after
action was
the necessity of to lessen Monk's merits as
it dexterously enough, to
get much fame, and great
rewards, for that which will have still a great ap-
pearance in history. If he had died soon after, he
might have been more justly admired, because less
known, and seen only in one advantageous light :
MY OWN TIMES.
BOOK II.
a
Could not he keep his inbred love to himself? S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 157
93
drunkenness, which overrun the three kingdoms to
such a degree, that it much
corrupted all their
very
morals. Under the colour of drinking the king's
health, there were great disorders and much riot
every where and the pretences of religion, both in
:
taking a little
pleasure out of the way. He dis-
guised his popery to the last. But when he talked
freely, he could not help letting himself out against
the liberty that under the reformation all men took
of inquiring into matters of religion for from their :
for him. The ruin of his reign, and of all his af-
fairs, was occasioned chiefly by his delivering him-
c
Eloquence. S.
160 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660. self up at his first coming over to a mad range of
"pleasure. One of the race of the Villers, then mar-
ried to Palmer, a papist, soon after made earl of
Castlemain, who afterwards, being separated from
him, was advanced to be duchess of Cleveland, was
his first and longest mistress, by whom he had five
children d She was a woman of great beauty, but
.
wit and politics, he was not cut out for that, and
But] he was an
least of all for writing of history.
running things down ; but had not the like force in 1660.
He had such an extravagant vanity in
~
building up.
setting himself out, that was very disagreeable.
it
ty [He
'.had no regard to either truth or justice.]
He was not ashamed to reckon up the many turns
he had made and he valued himself on the doing
:
'
I was told by one that was fmmd great benefit by all his
very conversant with him, that life and the reason he gave
;
M 3
166 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660.
~~
passed through many great employments, was An-
nesly, advanced to be earl of Anglesey who had ;
universally despised.]
Hollis was a man of great courage, and of as
great pride he was counted for many years the
:
They both asked and sold all that was within their
believe it was
necessary for his Paulett was an humble peti-
own ease and quiet to make tioner to his sons, for leave to
his enemies his friends upon
; take a copy of his grandfather
which he brought in most of and grandmother's pictures,
those who had been the main (whole lengths drawn by Van-
instruments and promoters of dike,) that had been plundered
the late troubles, who were not from Hinton St, George; which
wanting in their acknowledg- was obtained with great diffi-
ments in the manner he ex- culty, because it was thought
pected, which produced the that copies might lessen the
great house in the Picadille, value of the originals. And
furnished chiefly with cavaliers' whoever had a mind to see
goods, brought thither for what great families had been
which the right
peace-offerings, plundered during the civil war,
owners durst not claim when might find some remains either
they were in his possession, at Clarendon house or at Corn-
In my own remembrance earl bury. D.
OF KING CHARLES II. 169
1
He was esteemed so good Lambert, (who died a prisoner
a courtier, that it was said he in the isle of Jersey,) declared
died a Roman Catholic make to a little before his death, he
his court to king James. But had always been of the church
whatever his religion might be, of Rome. I>.
he always professed himself of m Seethe History of lord
the whig party, as many pa- Clarendon's Life, for part of this
pists had done before him : man's merit. O.
and particularly the famous
OF KING CHARLES II. 171
n
No consequence. S. Nonsense. S.
172 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660. contempt, that at he drew a lasting disgrace
last
was too big for his mouth, which made him bedew
all that he talked to and his whole manner was
:
i66o. read a great deal of divinity, and almost all the his-
"~
torians ancient and modern so that he had great
:
character.
The subtilest of all lord Midletoun's friends was sir
OF KING CHARLES II. 179
"jealous of him. This had all the effect that the earl
of Lauderdale intended by it. The king was no
more jealous of his favouring presbytery; but looked
on him as a fit instrument to manage Scotland, and
to serve him in the most desperate designs and on
:
some time or other an ill use might have been made 1660.
it was.
have thus opened with some .copiousness the be- The com-
I
f .1 .LI. V.IAI mittee of
ginnmgs of this reign since, as they are little estates
;
parting. A
great many offenders were summoned,
at the king's suit, before the committee of estates,
and required to give bail, that they should appear
at the opening of the parliament, and answer to
what should be then objected to them. Many saw
the design of this was to fright them into a compo-
sition, and also into a concurrence with the mea-
VOL. i. o
194 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660. sures that were to be taken. For the greater part
they complied, and redeemed themselves from far-
ther vexation by such presents as they were able
to make. And in these transactions Primerose and
Fletcher were the great dealers.
A pariia- j n the end of the year the earl of Midletoun
ment in .
t t
gave occasion for but did not know how to meddle the year
;
1683 '
with those acts that the late king had passed in the
year forty-one, or the present king had passed while
he was in Scotland. They saw, that, if they should
proceed to repeal those by which presbyterian go-
o 4
200
r
Both kings were under a force. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 201
*
Wrong arguing. S.
202 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1661. own hand, which was all that could be had, consi-
This was very ill taken by all who had been con-
cerned in it. The bill was put to the vote, and
carried by a great majority : and the earl of Midle-
toun immediately passed it without staying for an
instruction from the king. The excuse he made for
itwas, that, since the king had by his letter to the
presbyterians confirmed their government as it was
u
1
It was so. S. True. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 203
x
Wrong weak reasoning. S.
204 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1661. the proceedings of parliament, and of
~ representing
belying the king's good subjects, called in the Scot-
ish law leasing making, which either to the king of
the people, or to the people of the king, is capital.
Thepresby- Sharp went up with these lords to press the
greTdis- speedy setting up of episcopacy, now that the great-
order -
passed in it.
by the ill
usage they had met with they were so
c
(In his book, which was all the bishops, and to smite
dedicated to the parliament, he them under the fifth rib.)
incited the members of it to kill
OF KING CHARLES II. 229
U 4
THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1661. posed on him any longer. And yet he hated all
"contention so much, that he chose rather to leave
them in a silent manner, than toengage in any dis-
putes with them. But he had generally the reputa-
tion of a saint, and of something above human na-
ture in him : so the mastership of the college of
kingdom.
He had a brother well known at court, sir Elisha,
who was very like him in face and in the vivacity
of his parts, but the most unlike him in all other
of that man
that I do for any person ; and reckon
among them
f
But the late war, and the disputes
.
e
(The author of Archbishop History, pag. 514. O. (Coin-
Sharp's Life, published in 1 723. pare Heylin's Hist, of the Pres-
agrees with this statement.) byterians, b. xi. c. 4. p. 514.)
1
See Archbishop Spotiswood's
238 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
sity, it was reasonable to allow of their orders, how
defective soever : but that of late they had been in
a state of schism, had revolted from their bishops,
and had thrown off that order : so that orders given
in such a wilful opposition to the whole constitution
of the primitive church was a thing of another na-
ture. They were positive in the point, and would
not dispense with it. Sharp stuck more at it than
could have been expected from a man that had
swallowed down greater matters. Leightoun did
not stand much upon it. He did not think orders
ings of the
a piece with this melancholy beginning. Upon the
es
fo7biciden.
consecration of the bishops, the presbyteries of Scot-
land that were still sitting began now to declare
openly against episcopacy, and to prepare protesta-
tions, or other acts or instruments, against them.
Some were talking of entering into new engage-
ments against the submitting to them. So Sharp
moved, that, since the king had set up episcopacy, a
proclamation might be issued out, forbidding clergy-
men to meet together in any presbytery, or other
judicatory, till the bishops should settle a method of
where the first thing that was proposed by the earl into P ar-
ia
of Midletoun was, that since the act rescissory had
annulled the parliaments after that held in the
all
K 2
244 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1662. touched.] The whole government and jurisdiction
~~
of the church in the several dioceses was declared to
be lodged in the bishops, which they were to exer-
cise with the advice and assistance of such of their
145 of the oath were large: and when the oath was
enacted in England, a clear explanation was given
in one of the articles of the church of England, and
more copiously afterwards in a discourse by archbi-
shop Usher, published by king James's order. But
the parliament would not satisfy him so far. And
'
The printed book substituted and has made.
OF KING CHARLES II. 251
150 were marked down for such a fine: and all was
transacted in a secret committee. When the list of
the men andof their fines was read in parliament,
cretly carried, that it was not let out till the day
shops, setting forth his zeal for the church, and his
care of them all and in particular they set out the
:
pleased he
:
magnified the earl of Midletoun's zeal
in his service, and the loyal affections of his parlia-
VOL. i. s
258 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1662. the king's judgment. The king heard them pa-
""tiently, and, without any farther discourse on the
k
Dunce, can there be a better maxim? S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 263
nineteen :
and very apt to censure all who differed from them, 1662.
and to believe and report whatsoever they heard to
their prejudice. And they were superstitious and
n
haughty . In their sermons they were apt to en-
large on the state of the present time, and to preach
tor, was the man of them ah that was the most sunk
in his spirit, and could not in any sort bear his pu-
nishment. He had neither the honesty to repent of
it, nor the strength of mind to suffer for it, as all
the rest of them did. He was observed all the
while to be drinking some cordial liquors to keep
him from fainting. Harrison was the first that suf-
fered. He was
a fierce and bloody enthusiast. And
it believed, that while the army was in doubt,
was
whether it was fitter to kill the king privately, or to
bring him to an open trial, that he offered, if a pri-
vate way was settled on, to be the man that should
do it.So he was begun with. But, however rea-
sonable this might be in it self, it had a very ill ef-
fect for he was a man of great heat and resolution,
:
Vane was as
to death much blamed for the decla- :
one who knew him well told me, and gave me emi-
nent instances of it. He had a head as darkened in
his notions of religion, as his mind was clouded with
fear y : for though he set up a form of religion in a
story of the Rebellion, vol. iii. made upon her, if she proved
p. 544. O. with child which occasioned
:
z
His lady conceived of him an unlucky jest when his son
the night before his execution, was made a privy-counsellor
S. He cohabited with his lady with father Peters in king
the night before he was exe- James's reign. The earl of
cuted, anddeclared he had Dorset said, he believed his fa-
done next morning ; for
so, ther got him after his head
fear any reflection should be was off. D.
T 4
280 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1661. to speak of the public, upon a sign given, struck up
with their drums. This put him in no disorder. He
desired they might be stopped, for he understood
what was meant by it. Then he went through his
devotions. And, as he was taking leave of those
about him, he happening to say somewhat with re-
lation to the times, the drums struck up a second
time : so he gave over, and died with so much com-
posedness, that itwas generally thought the govern-
ment had lost more than it had gained by his
a
death .
The king The act of indemnity passed with very few ex-
gave him-
self up to ceptions; at which the cavaliers were highly dis-
his plea-
sures. satisfied,and made great complaints of it. In the
disposal of offices and places, as it was not possible
to gratify all, so there was little regard had to men's
merits or services. The king was determined to
they did not comply with the king in his vices. But
whether the earl of Clarendon spoke so freely to the
king about his course of life, as was given out, I
cannot tell. When the cavaliers saw they had not
that share in places that they expected, they com-
der the great seal, for what but the practice was suitable to
was included in the act of in- such doctrine, and every body
demnity. My great grandfa- knew there was nothing done
ther had one, which I have at that time but by his ad-
seen. O. vice. D.
OF KING CHARLES II. 283
e
See post p. 297. O.
OF KING CHARLES II. 285
f
Lord Shaftsbury told sir had been informed, by the king's
Mich. Wharton, from whom I order, of the marriage, and
had it, he had observed a respect whilstit still remained a secret
from lord Clarendon and his from the public. King Charles's
lady to their daughter, that was conduct in this business was ex-
very unusual from parents to cellent throughout, that of Cla-
their children, which gave him rendon worthy an ancient Ro-
a jealousy she was married to man. See Continuation of the
one of the brothers, but sus- Life of the Earl of Clarendon,
pected the king most. D. (As by himself, p. 27 40.)
far as lord Clarendon's lady is And a scandalous attempt
concerned in this story, sir Mi- was made to affect her repu-
chael Wharton's veracity is esta- tation, as my lord Clarendon
Wished by Locke's Memoirs of says, in a manuscript history,
the Earl of Shaftsbury. See written by himself, of his life,
Locke's Works, vol. iii. p. 493. or rather a continuation of it,
And it appears, from lord Cla- from the restoration to within
rendon's account of this trans- of his death. I had the
But she was a woman of a great spirit. She said, she 1662.
was his wife, and would have it known that she"
was so, let him use her afterwards as he pleased.
Many discourses were set about upon this occasion.
But the king ordered some bishops and judges to
peruse the proofs she had to produce and they re- :
bury that now is, (1748,) and king, his ministers, and court,
found in it great confirmations O. (This work was first pub-
of what is in this history within lished by the university of Ox-
that period, which relate to the ford, in 1759.)
288 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660.
upon my own knowledge. He was
very brave in
his youth, and so much magnified by monsieur Tu-
renne, that, till his marriage lessened him, he really
clouded the king, and passed for the superior genius.
He was naturally candid and sincere, and a firm
friend, till and his religion wore out all his
affairs
who upon that left the service, and went and com-
manded merchantmen. By this means the virtue
and discipline of the navy is much lost. It is true,
we have a breed of many gallant men, who do dis-
tinguish themselves in action. But it is thought,
the nation has suffered much by the vices and dis-
orders of those captains, who have risen by their
h
Her marriage with the duke dren the duke said he believed
:
u 21
292 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660. He would
not be put off with that for
~ dignity.
:
k
Particularly in relation to was more favoured by king
young Harry Jermin, nephew William than any Roman Ca-
to the earl of St. Alban's, who tholic that had been in king
left him his heir, and was after James's service; in regard, as
created lord Dover by king was thought, to the favour he
James. At the revolution he had been in with his mother,
OF KING CHARLES II. 293
and her aunt with the earl of bishop setting aside the other
Craven, seemed to countenance, children then living of the duke
if not
justify, such a manage- of York, afterwards James the
ment. D. (His lordship means second.)
u 3
294 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660. He had not one good or great quality, but courage :
U 4
296 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1661.
~ should keep considering the naval power of
it; for,
" resolved
upon before I ever happy distinction of his, which
" heard of it." Carte does not went to other matters, and
indeed mention Dunkirk but ; made him to be called the au-
Oldmixon does, when he speaks thor of many things he was
of the errand of the queen-mo- really averse to. O.
ther to England. See what
OF KING CHARLES II. 297
1662. When the queen was brought over, the king met
net of the ner a *> Winchester in summer 1662. The archbi-
"""
^ Canterbury came to perform the ceremony :
that she was not fit for marriage.] The king himself
told me, she had been with child and Willis, the
:
cently, and did not visit his mistress openly. But avowed
he grew weary of that restraint and shook it off so k
;
they had brought him a bat, in- her upper lip ; had some very
stead of a woman but it was
;
nauseous distempers, besides ex-
too late to find fault, and he cessively proud and ill-humour-
nuist make the best he could of ed. D.
300 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1662. nation in very good hands; and employed some
who had been on the bench in Cromwell's time, the
famous sir Matthew Hale in particular.
"
learning and piety, he is par-
r
(Echard, in his History of
"
England, under the year 1677, ticularly distinguished by his
in which year the archbishop
" munificent benefactions." See
died, says of him, "Besides his further a note at p. 243.)
304 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1660. continued for many years in the lord Clarendon's
family, and was his particular friend. He was a
Calvinist with relation to the Arminian points, and
was thought a friend to the puritans before the
wars : but he took carfc after his promotion to free
himself from suspicions of that kind.
all He was a
pious and charitable man, of a very exemplary life,
but extreme passionate, and very obstinate. He
was first made bishop of Worcester. Doctor Ham-
mond, for whom that see was designed, died a little
before the restoration, which was an unspeakable
loss to the church :
for, as he was a man of great
earl of Clarendon was much for it; and got the 1660.
~"
r
king to publish a declaration , soon after his restora-
tion, concerning ecclesiastical affairs, to which if he
had stood, very probably the greatest part of them
might have been gained. But the bishops did not
approve of this and after the service they did that
:
but little regard was had to them. And now all the
concern that seemed to employ the bishops' thoughts
was, not only to make no alteration on their ac-
count, but to the terms of conformity much
make
stricter than they had been before the war. So it
was resolved to maintain conformity to the height,
and to put lecturers in the same condition with the
incumbents, as to oaths and subscriptions and to ;
v
He was then bishop of with a clause added to it, " de-
"
Carlisle. O. claring the subscription of as-
w In the session of parlia- " sent and
consent, &c. should
" be understood
ment, in the year 1 663, a bill only as to
was sent from the commons to " and but
practice obedience;"
the lords, for the relief of such the commons rejected the clause,
persons, as by sickness or other which the lords not insisting
impediments were disabled from upon, the bill passed without
subscribing to the declaration it; when this clause was added
of assent and consent, to the by the lords, some of them
book of common prayer, re- dissented to it, and entered
quired by the act of uniform- their protestations against it, in
The bill passed the lords these words
"
ity. ; being destruc-
OF KING CHARLES II. 313
x
ligious king . It was not easy give a proper
to
sense to this, and to make it
go well down ; since,
whatever the signification of religion might be in
the Latin word, as importing the sacredness of the
x
(The same expressions of ginning of which prayer, as far
our most religious and gracious as the words of our sovereign
king, as appear in the present and his kingdoms, and its con-
prayer for the parliament, oc- elusion, These and all other ne~
cur in that which was used for cessaries, &c. are exactly the
the same assembly in 1625. It same as in the present form,
is to be found in the
Summary except in the late substitution
of Devotions compiled and used of dominions for kingdoms.)
by archbishop Laud. The be-
OF KING CHARLES II. 315
a
But the words "grand re- impeachment, says, the war be-
" hellion" were not tween the king and the parlia-
put in, or
the other alterations made, till ment was " a rebellion"
plainly
king James came to the throne. in the latter. I say nothing of
The word rebellion, I think, is his reasons, but see the whole
never used in any act of parlia- passage in the State Trials, vol.
ment, except in one. See the v.
pages 652, 653. For the
act of 13. 14. of Charles II. distinction between
the war,
for the distribution of 6o,oool. and the taking off the king's
to the loyal and indigent offi- head, see Journal of the House
cers, &c.
See also the Journal of Commons, 1 3th of May 1660.
of the House of Commons, 3 1 st I have said that in some mea-
of October, 1665^ Note, I had sure it
might be owing to this
the above observation from lord author, that the old forms for
chancellor King, relating to the the 3oth of January and 29th
former times. See with regard of May were not restored at the
to the services for the 3oth of revolution but the chief rea-
:
c
See the Journal of the some lords against the said
Lords, 25th of July 1663 and; clause, inwhich none of the bi-
of the Commons the same day, shops did join ; and therefore it
relating to the bill for the relief may be presumed that they
of such as were disabled from were for the clause ; quod nota ;
subscribing the declaration in and also that the firstperson
the act of uniformity, and ob- who signed the protestation
serve the clause added by the was the duke of York : see the
lords to the said bill, but dis- provision in-the act of uniform-
agreed to by the commons. Ob- ity enjoining the said declara-
serve also the protestation of tion. O.
OF KING CHARLES II. 319
f
fectual reformation In some sees forty or fifty
.
f
He judges here right, in my opinion. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 321
(The book
1
itself was an- Catalogue of the Bodleian Li-
swered in the year 1680. See brary, v. Stillingfleet.)
Y 3
THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
i66\. against infidelity, beyond any that had gone before
"him. And then he engaged to write against popery,
which he did with such an exactness and liveliness,
that no books of controversy were so much read and
valued as his were. He was a great man in many
respects. He knew the world well, and was
esteemed a very wise man. The writing of his
Irenicum was a great snare to him for, to avoid :
stroyed, and the city of Rome extreme civil terms, the bishop
consumed by fire, in less than turned to the queen in the
four years; which he could greatest passion I ever saw any
"
prove beyond contradiction, if man, and told her, So says
"
her majesty would have the pa- your treasurer; but God says
tience to hear him upon that "
otherwise, whether he like it
The queen appointed " or no." The
subject. queen seeing
him next day in the forenoon ; him so angry and rude, called
and a great Bible was brought, for her dinner, after which he
which was all he said would be said, that if what he had ad-
wanting. The bishop of Lon- vanced was not true, he did not
don came with him and the
; know any truth, and was a very
duke of Shrewsbury, lord Ox- unfit person to be trusted with
ford, lord Dartmouth, and Dr. explaining the Gospel to other
Arbuthnot were orjdered to at- people, and desired the queen
tend by the queen, fie shewed to dispose of his bishopric to
a rast memory and command some man of greater abilities,
Y 4
328 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1661. lected his pastoral care. For several years he had
the greatest cure in England, St. Martin's, which
he took care of with an application and diligence
beyond any about him to whom he was an exam-
;
if what he said did not prove true; thing man I ever knew. S.
and then spoke something to the P
(No very accurate asser-
pired, Christ would reign per- bishop's own death, and within
sonally upon earth for a thou- twenty of his composing this
sand years. D. history. And doctors Cave and
The dullest, good for no- South, both of whom were then
OF KING CHARLES II.
i A noble epithet. S. r
How came Burnet not to learn this
style? S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 331
r S.
Bovle was a very sillv writer.
THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1662. favour to the nonconformists became the
; (for that
"common name to them all, as puritan had been be-
fore the war :) they were the rather to bestir them-
selves to procure a toleration for them in general
8
Rogue. S.
VOL. I. Z
338 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1662. part of that church. But he found, that, though
~"
the earl of Clarendon and the duke of Ormond liked
the project, regard was had to
little it by the go-
verning party in the court.
*
It was always an objec- Flanders,who had a very great
tion to his skill in astrology, esteem for him, and there was
that he declared himself a pa- littleprospect of the change
pist the year before the restora- that happened the year after,
tion,which had disqualified him nor had any almanack foretold
from any employment in Eng- it : but he took care to have his
land but the truth was, he
: children brought up protest-
had turned, to qualify himself ants, that they might not lie
to serve under Don John, in under the like disadvantage. D.
OF KING CHARLES II.
z 2
340 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1663. articles he charged him with correspondence with
~
the court of Rome, in order to the making the lord
"
By verbal agreement be- have constantly voted for mem-
tween archbishop Sheldon and bers of the house of commons,
lord Clarendon, and in conse- and although there be no ex-
quence of which, without the press laws for it. But see the
intervention of any express law, other volume, p. 281. O.
and contrary to a former reso- (Where there is a longer note
lution of the house of commons, on this subject.)
the inferior beneficed clergy
OF KING CHARLES II. 341
out any severe clauses, in case the act was not ob-
served.
As for our foreign negotiations, I know nothing
in particular
concerning them. Secretary Bennet
had them all in his hands : and I had no confidence
with any about him. Our concerns with Portugal
were public and I knew no secrets about these.
:
x
(From lord Arlington's let- of the prince, so far as was
William Temple, the
ters to sir consistent with the relations
king does not appear to have subsisting between England
been inattentive to the interests and the States.)
OF KING CHARLES
*
II. 345
state of the court for the first four years after the
restoration. was in the court a great part of the
I
,
affair?
of Scotland.
earl of Midletoun, after a delay of some months,
came up to London, and was very coldly received
by the king. The earl of Lauderdale moved that a
Scotish council might be called. The lord Claren-
don got this to be delayed a fortnight. When it
met, the lord Lauderdale accused the earl of Midle- by
dale>
toun of many malversations in the great trust he
had been which he aggravated severely. The
in,
lord Midletoun desired he might have what was ob-
>
(This may be reconciled would be, according to the
with his son's account before reckoning of those days, called
mentioned, of the bishop's 1662 till the 2th day of March,
journey to England in 1 663, sup- He was then nineteen years of
posing that he caine hither in age.)
the early part of that year, which
346 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1663. thing, but that the king's service might go on, and
~~
that his friends might be taken care of, and his ene-
mies be humbled, and that so loyal a parliament
might be encouraged, who were full of zeal and af-
fection to his service; that, in complying with
his favour. But the king had given the original 1663.
~~
letter to the lord Lauderdale, who upon that shewed
it to Sharpwith which he was so struck, that he
;
fell a
crying in a most abject manner. He begged
pardon for it and said, what could a company of
;
man. Few days after that, secretary Morrice was And turned
sent to him, with a warrant under the king's hand,
z A pretty phrase. S.
850 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1663. a SOI> t f a reign of much violence and injustice : for
~~"~
he was become very imperious. He and his com-
pany were delivered up to so much excess, and to
such a madness of frolic and intemperance, that as
Scotland had never seen any thing like it, so upon
this disgrace there was a general joy over the king-
dom though that lasted not long for those that
: ;
a
Hurt perhaps in his for- standing with brass plates upon
tune by that ; for he retired it, that had Midletoun Bridge
after his disgrace to the friery inscribed upon them. This gen-
near Guildford, to one Dalma- tleman Dalmahoy being much
hoy there, a genteel and gene- in the interest of the duke of
rous man, who was of Scotland, York, and a man to be relied
had been gentleman of the upon, and being a candidate
horse to William, duke Hamil- for the town of Guildford, at
ton, (killed at the battle of the election of the parliament
Worcester,) married that duke's after the long one in 1678, and
widow, and by her had this being opposed, as I think, by
house, and a considerable estate the famous Algernon Sydney,
adjoining to it, where, over the the duke of York came from
river, which runs through the Windsor to Dalmahoy's house
estate, this earl built a very to countenance his election,
handsome large bridge, calling and appeared for him in the
it
by own name, and was
his
open court, where the election
the present he made to Mr. was taken. O.
for entertaining him b Was he hanged or be-
Dalmahoy
at this place. The bridge is headed ? A fit uncle for such a
now down ; but I remember it
bishop. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 351
c
("This act was temporary;
'
agents also in London, and
it was made upon occasion '
an oath of secrecy passed
*
of that general disaffection amongst them. They assured
'
that appeared about this time their friends, that the insur-
'
among the dissenters in Eng- rection would be general,
land and Scotland. In the '
and that they expected forces
north the dissenters broke from Holland and other coun-
out into actual rebellion, and tries to join them." Salmon's
assembled at Farnly wood in Examination of Bishop Burnet's
Yorkshire. They had their Hist. p. 553. D.
OF KING CHARLES II. 353
bns '
again for any party. This was all that I could ob-
tain from the earl of Lauderdale. I pressed Sharp
himself to think of more moderate methods. But he
despised my applications and from that time he:
archbishop .
signs. He
apprehended, that the earl of Tweedale of^coV
land-
might be advanced to that post for in the settle-
:
Scotland'
very particularly to my
self.
VOL. i. B b
370
Bb 2
372 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1665. least sought for, their sense of spiritual things, and
of the pastoral care. In these he thought their
strength lay. And he often lamented, not without
some indignation, that, in the disputes about the
government of the church, much pains were taken to
seek out all those passages that shewed what their
opinions were but that due care was not taken to
;
E
(See a high character of this Soul of Man, in bishop Bur-
bishop, and of his son, who net's preface to his Life of Be-
was the author of the book en- dell.)
titled, The Life of God in the
BbS
374 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
i66.r>. should have a share in any
person besides my self
years 1663, 1664, 1665, and till near the end of England"
1666. I now return to the affairs of England in ;
h
(Dr. Cockburn, a nephew Specimen of Remarks, &c. occa-
of Scougal, bishop of Aberdeen, sioned byDr. Bnrnefs History
gives a different account of Bur- of his own Times, by John
net's conduct in this affair. See Cockburn, D. D. p. 33 43.)
B b 4
376 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1665. as Opdam had the command of the Dutch fleet.
the ill life the king led, and the viciousness of the
whole court, gave but a melancholy prospect. Yet
God's ways are not as our ways. What all had seen
in the year 1660 ought to have silenced those who
at this time pretended to comment on providence.
But there will be always much discourse of things
that are very visible, as well as very extraordinary.
The victory When the two fleets met, it is well known what
at sea not
followed, accidents disordered the Dutch, and what advan-
tage the English had. If that first had been
success
followed, aswas proposed, it might have been fatal
to the Dutch, who, finding they had suffered so
much, steered off. The duke ordered all the sail to
be set on to overtake them. There was a council
of war called, to concert the method of action, when
from the duke, and said, the duke ordered the sail
to be slackened. Pen was struck with the order ;
"
(It appears, from the ex- him, and he did punish him."
1
again '.
they did, and were got up so that there were no orders given
close that night, that they were from the duke in the least;
ready to run into the body of that if Cox had kept at the dis-
OF KING CHARLES II. 379
two ships seemed in danger to heir to the crown, and had ob-
fall foul on each other, and tained a glorious victory the
that much more might have day before ; that the king would
been done against the enemy, not take it well they should
if sail had not been lowered, hazard the duke's person, our
and the ships kept to says, ; ships being at a distance, and
that Harm an, when he went the enemy so near; and after
off, gave no order to him to call some discourse, Harman said,
him again, though it was near "
Well, if it must be so, it must
twelve of the clock when the " be
so, then lower the sail."
sails were lowered denies that
: He says, there was a frigate a-
Harman gave any orders for head of the duke's ship, and
keeping at the same distance that he could plainly see the
off the enemy that he was when Dutch fleet and our fleet, and
Harman left him ; and that the that our ships were about five
sails were lowered above an or six cables' length at distance
hour and a half; that Harman from each other that he was ;
against it, for fear of any of our did guess, twenty of our ships
ships falling foul of one an- in sight, and near together.
other. Hill, the waterman, called in
That the night was dark, and and examined, said, that Mr.
could not (sic) discern our fri- Brunckard came up to Harman,
gate (that carried the light) and told him, the duke gave
from the enemy. order to shorten sail, for he
That he was hoisting sail the would not engage in the night.
next morning, when Harman That Harman denied to do it,
came up upon the deck. and said he would go to the
Mr. Pearse, called in and duke himself: Mr. Brunckard
examined, says, that he was told him, he need not, he would
on the deck when the duke go again he went down, and
;
went off, about eleven of the said he had been with the duke,
clock, and that he then gave and brought the same orders
order to Harman and Cox to again ;and Harman gave or-
keep up close to the enemy; der to let run the topsails,
and that about half an hour that the ship lay to about an
after, Mr. Brunckard came up, hour, till the enemy had got so
and held discourse with Cox, far that we could not overtake
and persuaded him to lower them, and then the duke, when
sail, but could not prevail, and he came up in the morning,
afterward went to Harman, was very angry at it.
ter the lowering of sail, he came bore up, might have been near
down to him; and said, We are the Dutch in the morning.
like to do well, now
major That Tuesday next be given
Brunckard has brought orders to Mr. Brunckard to make his
from the duke to shorten sail. further answer.
That when the ship brought to, That the sergeant at arms
they were in a wood, like to be do apprehend sir John Har-
lost, and fall foul of one an- man, and bring him in custody
other, and lay musted in the on Tuesday next, in order to
sea, towards morning; that
till his further hearing. ^ t{ j
all
squadron were close
that
round, and near one another, 21 April, 1668.
and the white squadron were Mr. Speaker,
gone in pursuit of the enemy, I am in the first place
and that they heard shooting all to give this honourable house
night. thanks for the favourable opi-
That we might have kept nion of me, and kindness in
near, as well as the other squa- giving me this time to recollect
dron. myself, and wish I had been so
That he did acquaint him happy to have asked it of you,
with the passages between Mr. before I undertook to give an
Brunckard and Harman, and account of what so long since
repeats to the same effect. happened, by which I should
Robert Sumner examined, have prevented that great trou-
says, that captain Harman had ble I have given you, and those
given orders for making more hard censures that are laid upon
sail, before Mr. Brunckard came me but I humbly hope, that
;
Harman and Cox quite con- and have since been wounded,
trary to each other about bring- of which I lay long, and en-
ing the ships to : dured much pain, and have,
Pearce and Harman quite ever since my recovery, had a
about the number of great hurry of his majesty's af-
ships near. fairs upon me, besides my own,
All agree that if had (sic) and had been this last whole
382 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1665. upon that to be carried to the castle of Lovestein.
~Soon after that, his design on Amsterdam miscarry-
ing, he saw a necessity of making up the best he
could with the States. But, before he had quite
healed that wound, he died of the small-pox. Upon
his death all his party fell in disgrace, and the
Lovesteiners carried all before them. So De Wit
got his son John, then but twenty-five years of age,
to be made pensioner of Dort. within a year And
after, the pensioner of Holland dying, he was made
year in the West Indies, and ly, I should rather have submit-
was but that morning landed, ted myself to the mercy of this
I came to the house,
having had house, than have accused any
no opportunity to speak with any wrongfully to save myself; but
that were with me at that time, having now recollected myself
and also considering my com- fully, and being resolved to
ing before such an assembly candidly and clearly, in
that I was wholly unacquainted speaking the whole truth as far
withal, having the greatest part as I know, I must affirm that
of my life been employed at sea. Mr. Brunckard, after I had de-
I hope you will excuse my nied to shorten sail upon his
speaking so disorderly, seeming arguments and persuasions,
to be in (sic) but do assure went down from me, and com-
you that all the reasons that ing up again, told me, he came
moved me say what I did, in from the duke, who command-
my two examinations, was
first ed, as he said, it should be so :
no other than that I was not whereupon gave order for the
I
my own me-
fully satisfied in doing it. The truth of this I
mory and conscience of what I do affirm, and will not go from,
last said; and had I not been Witness my hand this 20 of
by other circumstances brought April, 1668.
to remember the thing perfect- John Harman. O.
OF KING CHARLES II. 383
m He to have
ought judged the contrary. &,
384 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1665. ness of his countrymen ; of which he felt the ill ef-
n
Old Mr. Inglish, who was nard, who was surgeon to queen
surgeon to Chelsea college, told Ann, told the last earl of Ayles-
nae he had it from very good ford and me, that he was at the
hands in Holland, that De Wit opening of King William and ;
parts, that should hinder his never seen before in any man
ever having any children and : that was not an eunuch. D.
I remember Mr. Charles Bar-
OF KING CHARLES II. 385
in Norway. had If he
followed them quick, he 222
would have forced the port, and taken them all.
But he observed forms, and sent to the viceroy of
Norway demanding entrance. That was denied him.
But while these messages went backward and for-
ward, the Dutch had so fortified the entrance into
the port, that, though was attempted with great
it
"
(The duke was at this time "Bergen in Norway." Hig-
" at Remarks on this Hist. p.
London, above one hun- gons's
" dred and
fifty leagues from 145.
OF KING CHARLES II. 387
it on. Clifford
began to make a great figure in the
house of commons. He was the son of a clergyman,
born to a small fortune but was a man of great vi-
:
monwealtn
and gave him great assurances of a strong party party. :
ill. The
children were born with ulcers, or they
broke out upon them soon after: and all his sons
died young, and unhealthy. This has, as far as any
thing that could not be brought in the way of proof,
prevailed to create a suspicion, that so healthy a
child as the pretended prince of Wales could neither
be his, nor be born of any wife with whom he had
li ved long r
. The violent pain that his eldest daugh-
ter had in her eyes, and the gout which has early
seized our present queen, are thought the dregs of a
tainted original. Willis, the great physician, being
The fire of
up with plaister, all was extreme dry. On the se-
cond of September a broke out, that raged for
fire
*
(Followers of Labadie the
'
of the house of commons re-
'
mystic.) ported him to be a papist, al-
**
(" Hubert, who was known '
though they allowed he pro-
" to all his
'
fessed himself to be a pro-
countrymen here,
whole town of is more
But what
'
as well as the testant.
Rouen Normandy, to have
in
'
by the oath of
considerable,
been born and bred a pro- '
Lawrence Peterson, the mas-
testant, lived a protestant, and
'
ter of the vessel, who brought
owned himself to be a pro- '
Hubert England at this
to
time, he was still on board,
'
testant, on his examination
as well as at his execution, if a
'
and did not set his foot on
man who was downright dis- '
v
The countess of Clarendon gy and the Revelations had
:
was a very weak woman, but a turned Lloyd's head, who was
great pretender to learning and naturally a jealous passionate
devotion which occasioned her
; man. D.
conversing much with the cler-
VOL. I. D d
402 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1666. and carried the keys with him. So when the fire
""broke out next morning, they opened the pipes in
the streets to find water, but there was none. And
some hours were lost in sending to Islington, where
the door was to be broke open, and the cocks turned.
And it was long before the water got to London.
Grant indeed denied that he had turned the cocks.
But the officer of the works affirmed, that he had,
according to order, set them all a running, and that
no person had got the keys from him, besides Grant ;
x
(The following record is
'
produced by Bevill Higgons, p. power to order the main to
149 of his Remarks, in contra-
'
be shut down nor
;
can it
naged this little war, and gave all the orders and di-
rections in it. Dalziel was commanded to draw all
the force they had together, which lay then dis-
persed in quarters. When that was done, he
marched westward. A great many ran to the rebels,
who came to be called whigs. At Lanarick, in Clid-
disdale, they had a solemn fast day, in which, after
much praying, they renewed the covenant, and set
out their manifesto in which they denied that they
:
The defeat
dispersed themselves. The rebels thought to have
6
SeTs at marched back by the way of Pentland hill. They
pentiand
were no t much concerned for thefew horses they
had. And they knew that Dalziel, whose horse was
fatigued with a fortnight's constant march, could not
follow them. And if they had gained but one night
more in their march, they had got out of his reach.
OF KING CHARLES II. 409
company of men 7
, become mad by oppression and :
P nsoners
cruelty and cowardice go together, was too visibly
-
1667. His death was the more cried out on, because it
more gentle came to be known afterwards, that Burnet, who
6
bishops.
na d come down before his execution, had brought
with him a letter from the king, in which he ap-
proved of all that they had done but added, that
;
they could only levy money, and petition for the re-
c
Is that Scotch ? S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 4,15
fleet came The Dutch, being provoked with this, sent Van
tbe
Fritb
Gheudt with a good fleet into the Frith, to burn the
OF KING CHARLES II,' 419
of the coast, since the king had set out no fleet this
year. There had been such a dissipation of trea-
sure, that, for all the money that was given, there
was not enough left to set out a fleet. But the
court covered this by saying, the peace was as good
as concluded at Breda, where the lord Hollis and
d
sir William Coventry were treating about it as 242
plenipotentiaries and, though no cessation was
:
the mouth of it, which was then all its security, was
broke and the Dutch fleet sailed up to Chatham to
: : chat-
ham, and
d
Mr. H. Coventry. O. burnt our
fleet "
E e 2
420 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1667. of which I will say no more in this place, but go on
~
with the affairs of Scotland.
Lord Rothes's being out of the way when the
country was in such danger was severely aggra-
vated by the lord Lauderdale, and did bring on the
change somewhat the sooner. In June sir Robert
Murray came down with a letter from the king, su-
perseding lord Rothes's commission, putting the
treasury in commission, and making lord Rothes
lord chancellor. He excused himself from being
raised to that post all he could and desired to con-
;
e
Four thats in one line. S.
OF KING CHARLES IL 421
all the laws was implied in it. Yet the far greater
number submitted to this. Those who were dis-
turbed with scruples were a few melancholy incon-
siderable persons.
In order to the disbanding the army with more
security, it was proposed, that a county militia should
be raised, and trained for securing the public peace.
The two archbishops did not like this they said, :
his niece : but he was then young, and was engaged 1667.
in a mad ramble after pleasure, and minded no busi-~
ness. So lord Rothes saw the necessity of applying
himself to lord Lauderdale and he did dissemble
:
246 could bear it. Lady Dysert laid hold on his absence
in Scotland to make a breach between them. She
made lord Lauderdale believe, that Murray assumed
to himself the praise of all that was done, and was
not ill pleased to pass as his governor. Lord Lauder-
dale's pride was soon fired with those ill
impressions.
Scotland The government of Scotland had now another
V
wdi go- face. All payments were regularly there made :
verned.
wag an overpius of io,000/. of the revenue saved
every year: a magazine of arms was bought with
it : and there were several projects set on foot for
the encouragement of trade and manufactures. Lord
Tweedale and sir Robert Murray were so entirely
united, that, as they never disagreed, so all plied be-
fore them. Lord Tweedale was made a privy coun-
sellor in England :
and, his son having married the
earl of Lauderdale's only child, they seemed to be
k His
son, the earl of Ro- rest of his actions himself. D.
Chester, told me, when he left (The bishop's account is also
him oft tremble all over, so that the bed shook with
it yet he bore it with an astonishing patience.
; He
not only kept himself from saying any indecent
thing, but endured all that misery with the firmness
of a great man, and the submission of a good Chris-
tian. The cause of all appeared when he was
opened after his death: for the medicine had stripped
the stone of its outward slimy coats, which made it
and easy upon the muscles of the bladder
lay soft ;
The Irish
him, the Irish had sent over some to the court of
sought the
protection France, desiring money and arms with some offi-
cers, and undertook to put that island into the
hands of the French, He told me, he found the
queen was in her inclinations and advices true to
her son's interest but he was amazed to see, that a
:
m The
king was once so Charles could not forbear tell-
much provoked as to tell her, ing the duke of Richmond,
he hoped he should live to see when he was drunk, at lord
her ugly and willing :but af- Townshend's in Norfolk, as my
ter she was married, she had uncle told me, who was pre-
more complaisance, which king sent. D.
OF KING CHARLES II. 437
der well, before she rejected it. This was carried 1667.
~~
to the king, as a design he had that the crown
n
Who told him r S. (Lord Cornbury, as it should seem.)
Ff3
438 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1667. I wish you would put away this woman that
~ 'Sir,
you keep. The king upon that replied sharply, why
had he never talked to him of that sooner, but took
this occasion now Lauderdale told
to speak of
it.
me, he had all this from the king: and that the
253 king and Sheldon had gone into such expostulations
upon it, that from that day forward Sheldon could
never recover the king's confidence .
king's pre-
fairsof Europe: and he brought about the .peace tensions to
and cry were sent out against him and all persons :
who had heard him say any thing that could bear
an construction, were examined.
ill Some thought,
they had matters of great weight against him and, :
the house against him, the next day he desired his the home
of
second son, the now earl of Rochester, to acquaint mons.
ficulty,
in the house of com- sistance to make good what he
mons, of accusing him without said, D.
442 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1667. the house, that he, hearing what articles were
TTI brought against him, did in order to the despatch of
the business, desire that those, who knew best what
their evidence was, would single out any one of
the articles that they thought could be best proved ;
J8-W
W\M*/. TV j
s
Bishop of Rochester's case. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 445
him when very young to write all his letters to Eng- 1667.
land in cipher; so that he was generally half the""
day writing in cipher, or deciphering, and was so
discreet, as well as faithful, that nothing was ever
discovered by him. He continued to be still the
person whom and was the
his father trusted most :
bishops.
it at the council board. Upon the complaints that
were made of some disorders, and of some convent-
icles, he said, the clergy were chiefly to blame for
these disorders ; for if they had lived well, and
had gone about their parishes, and taken pains to
convince the nonconformists, the nation might have
been by that time well settled. But they thought
of nothing but to get good benefices, and to keep a
byterians. And
a project was prepared, consisting
chiefly of those things that the king had promised
by his declaration in the year 1660. Only in the
point of re-ordination this temper was proposed,
that those who had presbyterian ordination should
be received to serve in the church by an imposition
of hands, accompanied with words which imported,
that the person so ordained was received to serve as
a minister in the church of England. This treaty
b
Bishop Woolly of Clonfert. S.
VOL. I. G g
450 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1668. became a common subject of discourse. All lord
""Clarendon's friends cried out, that the church was
undermined and betrayed it was said, the cause of
:
away the rendon's enemies thought they were not safe, as long
as the duke had so much credit with the king, and
the duchess had so much power over him : so they
fell on propositions of a strange nature to ruin them.
The duke Buckingham pressed the king to own
of
a marriage with the duke of Momnouth's mother :
Gg3
4-54 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1668. own hand, that the marriage was consummated.
"Others talked of polygamy: and officious persons
were ready to thrust themselves into any thing that
could contribute to their advancement. Lord Lau-
derdale and sir Robert Murray asked my opinion of
.these things. I said, I
speculative people knew
could say a great deal in the way of argument for
h hand-writ-
(There is extant a brief re- ginal, in the author's
solution by Burnet of two cases ing, was copied at Ham in 1 680,
of conscience, viz. Is a woman's with duke Lauderdale's permis-
barrenness a just ground for di- sion, by Paterson, archbishop of
vorce or polygamy ; and is poly- Glasgow, testified tinder his
gamy in any case lawful under episcopal seal, it being then in
the Gospel? The questions are the duke's possession. The cases
resolved affirmatively. The ori- were printed in 1731.)
OF KING CHARLES II. 455
'
King George. S.
Gg 4
4,56 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1668. who she was, went from her so : she was alone, and
"was much disturbed, and came to Whitehall in a
called the king her Charles the third. Since she had
been formerly kept by two of that name.] The king
had another mistress, that was managed by lord
Shaftsbury, who was the daughter of a clergyman,
Roberts ; in whom her first education had so deep a
j
Pray what decencies are those? S.
458 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1668. did not restrain her, yet it kept alive in
it
though
gg^ her such a constant horror at sin, that she was never
easy in an ill course, and died with a great sense of
-herformer ill life. I was often with her the last three
months of her life. The duchess of Cleveland, find-
k
ing that she had lost the king , abandoned herself to
great disorders one of which, by the artifice of the
:
Many nbeis
The three most eminent wits of that time, on
wntby.the,wn 0m all the lively
* libels were fastened, were the
best wits of
that time, earls of Dorset and Rochester, and sir Charles Sid-
mA noble phrase. S.
460 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1668. fits of sickness he had deep remorses ; for he was
~~
guilty both of much impiety and of great immo-
ralities. But as he recovered he threw these off,
and turned again to his former ill courses. In the
last year of his life I was much with him, and have
writ a book of what passed between him and me.
I do verily believe, he was then so entirely changed,
n
No better a critic in wit than style. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 461
tion that took much with the king, and had a great
r
How does that hinder wisdom ?
OF KING CHARLES II. 463
solved not to fall out with him for, though his affairs
:
house.
they gave still all the money that was asked. Yet
those who opposed
the court carried one great
pedant with it, and] his style was too poetical, and
full of epithets and figures.
Halifax's I name sir George Saville last, because he de-
character.
8
I have read some letters ther's death. They are in the
of which shew him to be a
his, custody of sir Robert Long of
man of no mean parts, though Wilts. O.
of very loose principles the ;
l
The editors substituted, but
letters were written to
Long, was a very weak man, and not
secretary to Charles the second ; incorrupt.
both before and after his fa-
OF KING CHARLES II. 465
v I
remember Bumet once none of that salt which sea-
made a very long impertinent soned things ; if it had, he
all
speech in the house of lords, for was sure the bishop would
prohibiting the use of French have spoke more to the pur-
salt; which the marquis desired pose, though possibly less in
the house would excuse, it D.
being quantity.
VOL. I. H h
466
i66s.
ways too hard for his judgment. A severe jest was
preferred by him to all arguments whatsoever. And
he was endless in consultations for when after :
W
bone, to teach him
to remember what respect he cut!
owed to the king and so they left him, and went
:
x Sir J.
Coventry always pro- testant, and was much engaged
fessed himself a zealous pro- in the Whig party, but in his
H h 3
470 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1669. house of commons in a furious uproar. They passed
~~a bill of banishment against the actors of it; and
put a clause in should not be in the king's
it, that it
house chapel, and left most of punishing him was of the high-
his estate to the
English Je- est concernment to both houses ;
suits at St. Omer's ; to the and unnoticed, might have been
great
surprise of all his family, (as of the most dangerous conse-
lord Wentworth told me, who quence with regard to their
was his near relation, and pre- privileges. The duke of York's
sent at the opening of it,) there behaviour in this matter was
never having been the least sus- like that of a great man, and
picion during his life. The will the king's and duke of Mon-
was afterwards set aside by mouth's Jthat of assassins. O.
law. D. (Salmon observes, that "should
? And to perpetuate the me- a man have asked such a
mory of this mean
outrage, question in some other reigns,
there is a provision in the act as sir John Coventry did in
to make it felony without be- this, whether the king's plea-
nefit of clergy,
maliciously to sure lay among the men or
maim or disfigure any person women players, he doubts,
in the manner there mentioned. whether the loss of a nose
See, in the State Trials, that of would have been considered
one Coke, convicted upon this a sufficient punishment for
act. The words spoken by his insolence." Examination,
Coventry were indiscreet and p. 6 1 9.)
OF KING CHARLES II. 471
A
great many churches were already vacant. The
people fell off entirely from all the episcopal clergy
in the western counties and a set of hot, fiery,
:
present.
He proposed, that the church should be governed
by the bishops and their clergy, mixing together in
OF KING CHARLES II. 477
try in great quiet and order they were, she said, 1669.
:
~"
blameless in their lives, devout in their way, and di-
ing of piety that ever fell from him in all the con-
versation that passed between him and me a . Pro-
clamations were issued out with great rewards for
a
Rank malice. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 483
i i 2
484 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1669. But the lawyers of the council-board said, that in
matters of property their power was certainly tied
up to the direction of the law and the clause men-
:
b
King William told the earl maxim in the Steward family,
of Jersey, that it was a
standing (whatever advances they pre-
486 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
cause he reckoned, that, at least for his time, he
should be sure of all the members that should be
sent The duke of Buckingham
up from Scotland.
went new thing: and lord keeper
in easily to a
The king The king wrote a letter to the privy council, or-
gave orders . .
for the in.
dering them to indulge such of the presbyterians as
were peaceable and loyal, so far as to suffer them to
serve in vacant churches, though they did not sub-
mit to the present establishment and he required :
c d an
(See p. 22 25.) The first editors printed only, ig-
norant man.
492 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
it to the privy council, or not. A copy of
1669.
~ present
was and was
this, procured by indirect methods : it
care. As
soon as the king saw the clergy's address,
he said, it was a new western remonstrance and :
that all
things relating to ecclesiastical meetings, ~
matters, and persons, were to be ordered according
to such directions as the king should send to his
~ subject
this mili tia was now an army ready upon call and :
s A
phrase of dignity. S. Burnet bishop of Salisbury had,
h It
seems Burnet archbishop who was cut out for a court
of Glasgow, a good natured, and ministry, from nineteen
sincere man, had not the like years of age to seventy-two. D.
call to meddle in matters that '
Modest. S.
did not belong to him, that
VOL. I. K k
498 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
engaged me both into much study and in a great
deal of business. The clergy came all to me, think-
other parts and came back, and ended their circuit the west.
;
k
A civil term for all who are episcopal. S.
K k 2
500 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1669.
~
all uneasy at it. Nothing moved him to hearken to
it, but the hopes of bringing about the accommoda-
1
ah the hopes that I could raise my self to and I :
1670. But now the court was entering into new de-
289 gi yen > after that I have laid together all that relates
to Scotland in the year 1670, and the whole business
of the accommodation. Leightoun proposed to the
king his scheme of the accommodation, and the great
advantages that his majesty's affairs would have, if
that country could be brought into temper. The
king was at this time gone off from the design of a
OF KING CHARLES II. 501
nans.
toun and them, before the earls of Lauderdale,
Rothes, Tweedale, and Kincardin. Sharp would
not be present at
it but he ordered Paterson, after-
:
sign:
yet, how much soever he was persuaded of
this, since they were of another mind, he was now
to offer a temper to them, by which both sides might
still preserve their opinions, and yet unite in
carry-
ing on the ends of the gospel and their ministry :
K k 4
504 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1670. them constant could be no such encroachment on
"their function, as that the peace of the church must
be broke on such an account : nor could they say,
that the blessing of the men named to this function
oned, either we should gain our point, and then all 292
would be at quiet, or, if such offers were rejected by
the presbyterians, it would discover their temper,
and men from them and the
alienate all indifferent ;
ligion.
formed religion as went not to church. He pre-
tended by this to merit with the popish party, the
duke in particular ; whose religion was yet a secret
to us in Scotland, though it was none at court. He
said to my self, he had put in these words on design
to let the party know, they were to be worse used
than the papists themselves. All field conventicles
were declared treasonable and in the preacher they
:
was sure, they would not reject the offers now made
them, which brought episcopacy much lower than it
was at that time. One of the most learned among
them had prepared a speech full of quotations, to
man and
; what he said was in the name of his
that
brethren, who had given him no farther authority.
Leightoun then asked, if they had nothing on their 297
side to propose towards the healing of our breaches.
Hutcheson answered, their principles were well
enough known, but he had nothing to
VOL. i. L 1
514 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1670. Upon Leightoun, in a long discourse, told what
this
was the design he had been driving at in all this
negotiation it was to procure peace and to pro-
;
matter.
ft better than my self. The fierce episcopal men
see, how much they were to blame for accusing
OF KING CHARLES II. 515
n
when they rejected was substituted.
L 1 2
516 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1670. farther meddling, and to give my self wholly to
study. I was then, and for three years after that,
offered to be made a bishop : but I refused it. I
saw the counsels were altering above: so I resolved
to look on, and see whither things would turn.
1671.
The Me-
My acquaintance at Hamilton, and the favour and
moirs of the friendship I met with from both the duke and duch-
Hamilton ess > made me offer my service to them, in order to
searcn papers that were very carefully
f many
preserved by them for the duchess's uncle had
time.
:
The letters,
if they had been majesties name to the assem-
published, could not have given bly, so strictly conscientious
a worse character. S. See those was his majesty (Charles I.)
Memoirs, 379. O. (Salmon,
p.
that he wrote his sense of it
and in others too much craft and anger. [And this 1671.
I owe to truth to say, that by many indications, that"""
lay before me in those letters, I could not admire ei-
ther the judgment, the understanding, or the temper
of that unfortunate prince. He had little regard to
law, and seemed to think he was not bound to ob-
serve promises or concessions, that were extorted
from him by the necessity of his affairs. He had lit-
tle tenderness in his nature and probably his go- ;
u
madame had the count de Guiche , and the other
had the marquis des Vardes, then in great favour
x S.
Pretty jumping periods.
528 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1671. ham: for he told me, that he himself had writ a
2Q ^ peremptory instruction to him from the king, to
give up all treaty, if the French did insist on the
though ;
pire in the four seas. The Dutch offered all satis- 1671.
faction for the future in this matter: but they"
would not send their admiral over as a criminal.
While France was treating with England, they
continued to amuse the Dutch and they so pos- :
b
Who on whom ? S. would otherwise have been afraid
c
Henry Coventry. O. to have attempted. The trea-
d A very unhappy practice of surer Southampton did not act
my lord Clarendon's, which so. But in one instance my
subjugated him to more censure lord Clarendon did very nobly
for what he was not the author oppose, in the house of lords, a
of, than what he really did ad- favourite measure of the king's,
vise procured him either blame It may be seen, in the printed
or approbation. It wrought his History of his Life. The part he
ruin with the people, and put acted on this occasion contri-
the king himself very likely up- buted very much to his" ruin
on venturing at measures he with the king. O.
Mm 2
532 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1671. when he had blamed them most in private with the
king himself. [He had accustomed himself to the
northern ways of entertainment; and this grew
upon him with age.]
Shaftsbury, then
" chancellor of the
them, it might as well have
'
exchequer,
" was '
as unhappily given, as pleaded necessity, as other
" taken and exe-
'
in latter times have
desperately steps
OF KING CHARLES II. 533
dale did about this time marry lady Dysert upon his
own lady's death and she writ me a long account of
:
'of his great justice, made brought him off by one vote in
'
amends by a perpetual inter- the house of Lords ; though it
'
est charged upon the here- was generally thought, not
'
ditary excise." North's Ex- without some charge to Dun-
amen of the complete Hist, combe : besides some engage-
of England, p. 37. Compare ments in to another
relation
Mm 3
534 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1672. fleet coming from Smyrna, and other parts in the
did their part so well, that not only the whole fleet
sailed away, while they kept him in play, but they
themselves got off at last, favoured by a mist and :
6
(Of the unfairness and fail- field duke of Bucks, in his
ure of this transaction, a simi- short Memoirs. Works, vol. ii.
gave the the duchess was much suspected. Yet the presby-
king thanks .. i-r^-n/r
for the tenans came m i i
a body and Dr. Manton,
: their m . -i
strain :
popery was every where preached against, 1672.
and the authority of the laws was much magnified.
The bishops, the bishop of London (Henchman) in par-
ticular,charged the clergy to preach against popery,
and to inform the people of the controversy between
us and the church of Rome. This alarmed the court,
as well as the city, and the whole nation. Clifford
back, it was so far from that, that he lay all that 1672.
m There is one
particular cir- portunities enough for it. The
cumstance of her life, that I do story of the countess of Shrews-
not remember any of her advo- bury's jealousy of her husband's
cates to have mentioned, which having that intercourse with
is, that during her being in her, was believed by nobody,
England, which was from the and thought to be a piece of
twenty-sixth year of her age to malice only in that strange wo-
the forty-fifth, there was not man. As to the necessity, and
the least imputation upon her indeed justice, of the proceed-
of any commerce of irregu- ings against the queen of Scots,
lar amours here; though from see the Hatfield Papers, espe-
the frequent accession of men cially the second volume, lately
to her, she was not without op- published. O.
OF KING CHARLES II. 545
nuing the war and those that were for peace were
:
ther. And she, who had great credit with the States,
setup such an open opposition to her son, that the
peace of Munster was in a great measure the effect
of their private quarrel. Prince William, being
married into the royal family of England, did all he
could to embroil the States with the new common-
wealth. But he met with such opposition, that he,
finding the States were resolved to dismiss a great
318 part of their army, suffered himself to be carried to
violent counsels. I need not enlarge on things that
are so well known, as his sending some of the states
prisoners to Lovestein, and his design to change the
government of Amsterdam which was discovered
:
made^ene-
in so many places that he should have the supreme
command of their armies and fleets, that De Wit
saw the tide was too strong to be resisted. So, after
He can vary a phrase ; set tip for a maxim, and lay down
for a maxim. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 557
agitations of it
r
The design was first laid against
.
r
Under the queen and lord Oxford's ministry. S.
OF KING CHARLES II. 559
*
A metaphor, but from gamesters. S.
560 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1672. require of them only the places that they had with-
~
out them ; chiefly Maestricht, Bois Le Due, Breda,
and Bergen-op-zoom thus the king would maintain
:
p. 179, gives the following ac- passed through them all, got
'
count of the duke of York's be- on board a fresh ship, where
haviour. " The duke's '
he hoisted his flag, restored
ship
'
'
was so disabled, that she lay the fight, and renewed his
'
a wreck on the water, upon '
" had the noblest share in this " lasted from break of
day
" " till sunset." Duke
day's action; for when his of Buck
-
"
ship was so maimed as to be ingham's Works, vol. ii. p. 14.)
" made x
incapable of service, he (Of this fight off South wold
" made her lie
by to refit, and bay see an interesting account
" went on board in the first volume of the Life
another, that
" was
hotly engaged, where he of King James II. p. 461 477.
" At
kept up his standard, till she p. 415417. 422. 423. the
" was disabled
also, and then duke's conduct in the engage-
" left her for a ment mentioned
third, in order above, p. 219.
" to renew the
fight, which is completely vindicated.)
r, tl .107
OF KING CHARLES II. 563
party had entered into Muyden, who had the keys 1672.
of the gates brought to them. But they, seeing it
was an inconsiderable place, not knowing the im-
portance of it, by the command of the water that 324
could drown all to Amsterdam, flung the keys into
the ditch, and went back to Naerden. But when
the consequence of the place was understood, an-
other party was sent to secure it. But before their
return, two were sent from the prince of
battalions
Borel for their not doing it, that he in all his letters
continued still to press that on them. When they came
over, they were for form's sake put under a guard.
Yet Borel was suffered to come to them and was
;
they did him more hurt, than they were ever able to
repair. His enemies have taken advantages from
thence to cast the infamy of this on him, and on his
party, to make them all odious though the prince ;
spoke of it always to me
with the greatest horror
possible
y : the ministers in Holland did upon this
occasion shew a very particular violence. In their
* i. e.
very fat. S.
570 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1672. The opinion that armies had of him, as an unfor-
""tunate general, made him really so: for soldiers
cannot have much heart, when they have not an
entire confidence in him that has the chief com-
mand.
Dickveit.
Dickvelt, on his return from England, seeing the
ruin of the De Wits, with whom he was formerly
united, and the progress the French had made in
Utrecht, where his estate and interest lay, despaired
too soon and went and lived under them.
; Yet he
did great service to his province. Upon every vio-
lation of articles, he went and demanded justice,
and made protestations with a boldness, to which
the French were so little accustomed, that they
were amazed at it. Upon the French leaving
Utrecht, and on the re-establishing that province,
he was left out of the government. Yet his great
abilities, and the insinuating smoothness of his tem-
a
Perspicuity. S. Eloquent. S.
574 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1672. ducted by him as by a dictator. And that had ex-
Errors com- posed them to as many errors, as the irregularity
h* s notions suggested. The breaking the West
company, and the loss of Munster in the year
1658, was owing to that. It was then demonstrated,
that the loss of that town laid the States open on
that side and that Munster, being in their hands,
:
were at this time so high, and that it was not pos- the states
sible to draw England into a separate treaty, he got t
c
The true reason of the op- purpose than they are, which
position made by the town of in all likelihood would
have
Amsterdam, was an apprehen- drawn it back again to Ant-
sion that Antwerp, under a werp ; from whence they had
commonwealth, would soon re- it, upon the troubles in the
Spanish Netherlands. D.
cover her lost trade; being
much better situated for that
576 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1672. them would be certain ruin, and the very treating
about them would distract and dispirit their people :
VOL. i. p p
578 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1672.
means the army about the king was so diminished,
that he could undertake no great design, besides the
to"
The earl of -
O SSOIT duke of Or-
eldest son to tne
P p 3
582 THE HISTORY OF THE REIGN
1672. would have had a very tragical conclusion, if a
~~
happy turn of weather had not saved them. Stoupe
was then with him, and was on the secret. By many
feints, that amused the Dutch so skilfully that there
was no suspicion of the true design, all was prepared
for an invasion, when a frost should come. It came
ceeding.
They were also not a little troubled at the strict
discipline that the prince settled, and at the severe
execution of it. But by this means he wrought up
his to a pitch of obedience and courage, of so-
army
briety and good order, that things put on another
face and all men began to hope that their armies
:
d
Why, you called it so but just now before. S. See p. 335.
OF KING CHARLES II. 585
f
Lord Sunderland once stopt as to show the king that he
her going to the Bath, by asking could live without her. D.
of her, if she would be so silly
OF KING CHARLES II. 587
sin a letter of the duke of " as she has done for several
"
York's, from Scotland, he says, years past, and got very con-
" I hear duchess Lauderdale is " siderable sums of
money for
" " this D. The let-
very angry with me, for the country."
removes which have been made ters from the duke of York (to
in the sessions I do not won-
; which lord Dartmouth so fre-
'
der at it, for some of them quently refers) were written by
*
were her creatures, and she him to George lord Dartmouth,
'
received the last
register's father to the author of these
'
pension, and some say, went notes, and are at present in the
*
a share in the perquisites of collection of the earl of Dart-
'
his place. That which vexes mouth, at Sandwell. H. L.
'
her is, that she sees she can (Henry Legge.)
*
no more squeeze this country,
OF KING CHARLES II. 589
them.
Duke Lauderdale, at his coming down, had ex- He expected
pected that the presbyterians should have addressed for a toiera.
resolved to
retire,
e!U
and
1S
, -, 111
Sharp and his instruments took occasion from
this to complain, that the church was ruined by
i i
END OF VOL. I.
TABLE OF THE CONTENTS
OF THE FOREGOING
VOLUME 8
.
BOOK I.
JL HE
distractions during king The gunpowder plot 1 1
a
( The pagesreferred to are those of tJie folio edition, which are
inserted in the margin of the present.)
596 A TABLE OF THE CONTENTS.
BOOK II.
VOL. I. R r
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