Introduction to Cost audit:

Cost audit is the audit of cost records. According to Chartered Institute of Management Accountants,
London (CIMA), cost audit is “the verification of the correctness of cost accounts and of the adherence to
the cost accounting plan”. In other words, cost audit is the verification of the cost of production of any
product, service or activity on the basis of accounts maintained by an enterprise in accordance with the
accepted principles of cost accounting. This definition of Cost Audit is relevant to the voluntary Cost Audit
without any statutory backing.

The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India on the other hand, defines cost audit as “a system of
audit introduced by the Government of India for the review, examination and appraisal of the cost
accounting records and attendant information, required to be maintained by specified industries.” Thus
the concept and scope of cost audit as defined in India is more specific and lays emphasis on the
evaluation of the efficiency of operations and the propriety of management actions as introduced by the
Government of India for specified industries. In this sense, cost audit in India appears to be synonymous
with efficiency audit mainly as a guide for management policy and decision making besides being a
barometer of actual performance.

The justification for mandatory Cost Accounting and Cost Audit provisions has been very well explained in
the Parliamentary Debate that led to the adoption of Companies Amendment Bill, 1965 incorporating the
provisions related to Sections 209 (1) (d) and 233B. Smt. Tara Ramchandra Sathe (MP for Maharashtra)
stated during the relevant Rajya Sabha Debate as under: What is Cost Audit? The Cost Audit is quite
different from the Financial Audit. It is to see whether the labour is efficient or not, whether the industry
has provided efficient labour or the labour which is required by that industry is less than what is required,
whether every material and every part of the machinery is used to the optimum, whether any material is
wasted, etc. As we all know, we are short of material, there is so much material which is imported, when
we are short of foreign exchange. In these circumstances, it is very essential that there should be cost
audit. In fact, it should be introduced in almost all the industries, but the Government is trying this in
certain cases only. So by this we will know whether there is a proper utilization of the material or not. It is
very essential, no doubt, and in factories and industries, everywhere, this cost audit should be
emphasized.” (Proceedings of Rajya Sabha, 14th September, 1965: Columns 3944 and 3945).

Thus Cost Audit in India refers to the statutory Cost Audit of the selected companies covered under the
relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. These requirements are mandatory and non-compliance
may invite penal provisions also.
Origin of Cost Audit:
Methods and techniques of ‘cost accounting’ and audit of ‘cost accounts’ in India can be traced back to
the year 1925, when large number of firms were given contracts by the Government of India on “cost
plus” basis and the Government started verifying and investigating the cost structure of such fi rms.

Need for large scale industrialization immediately after the independence required lot of concessions and
facilities to the entrepreneurs to establish industrial undertakings for production of common man’s goods
and essential services. Power, electricity and other inputs were provided at concessional rates. Liberal
finances were provided by the banks and other financial institutions. Land was made available with all
infrastructures. Transport facilities were also provided. However, there were only very few industrial
groups and it was a suppliers market in almost all the areas. There were many bureaucratic hurdles in
opening of new industries along with need for licenses and permits. Imports were mostly prohibitive due
to scarce foreign exchange and very high rate of custom duties on imports. Therefore, consumers had
very few choices and there were often complaints of excessive pricing, which encouraged smuggling and
other malpractices like under invoicing of imports to save custom duties or over-invoicing of exports to
get higher export benefits. The high prices were often justified on the basis of higher indigenous cost of
production. Thus the government felt the need for price controls.

The investigations of Dalmia-Jain group of companies further brought out the need for more effective
audit. Thus “cost audit” gained recognition, both as an effective tool of cost-control in the hands of
management to control costs and produce at competitive rates and also as a monitoring mechanism on
behalf of other stakeholders including the consumer and the government. Cost Audit as a tool in the
hands of Management enabled them to identify the inefficiencies. It acts as a review of the activities of
the various cost centres of the company and points out the avoidable wastages and losses. The expertise
and experience of the Cost Auditor helps them in knowing the exact areas having the scope for cost
control and cost reduction through inter-firm comparison with standard industrial norms or peers in the
industry. Government in turn ensured that the consumers are able to obtain their requirements at a fair
price and do not pay for the inefficiency of manufacturers.

Consequently, the Companies Act, 1956 was amended in the year 1965 to incorporate the provisions
relating to the maintenance of Cost Accounting Records and Cost Audit. These amendments were made
on the basis of recommendations from the Vivian Bose Commission, Dutta Commission and the Shastry
Committee.
Relevance of Cost Audit:
In the initial years, Cost Audit was taken merely as a tool for ‘price control mechanism’ for consumer and
infrastructure industries in India. The main objective of Cost Audit when statutorily introduced under the
provisions of Companies Act, 1956 was to meet the Government requirements for regulating the price
mechanism in core industries like Cement, Sugar, Textiles and consumer industries like Vanaspati,
Formulations and Automobiles. The objective was to provide an authentic data to the Government to
regulate the demand and supply in the country through a price control mechanism.

The liberalization of the economy and consequential globalization has further enhanced the need for
authentic data. Therefore, the Cost Audit Report Rules have been amended from time to time to ensure
that the comprehensive authentic information is available in the format required. The basic structure of
the cost audit was laid down by the Cost Audit (Report) Rules, 1968 as prescribed under the relevant
provisions of Companies Act, 1956. They were superseded by the Cost Audit (Report) Rules 1996, which
were notified vide GSR 511(E) dated 5.1.1996. These Cost Audit (Report) Rules 1996 were also
subsequently superseded by the Cost Audit Report Rules 2001, which were notified vide GSR 294(E) dated
27.12.2001.

The necessity for and utility of properly documented information is more keenly felt now than ever
before. In most parts of the world, free competition co-exists with appropriate rules and regulations to
ensure free trade and absence of unfair practices. Therefore, in the present competitive scenario of
globalization, the Cost Audit Reports have assumed greater importance and significance being the
important source of reliable and authentic feedback to the government and its various departments and
agencies. It may be clarified here that the Cost Audit Reports do not only contain merely the cost details,
but are full of information related to all aspects of business organization which, if harnessed properly can
provide a comprehensive analysis about the company, the industry and the economy as a whole. The Cost
Audit Report serves as an effective tool of information in the hands of directors on the Board ensuring
good corporate governance.

In an environment of increasing foreign trade under WTO regime, dumping of products at very low prices
have become a serious issue in the international trade. This dumping of products, often well below the
cost price, if not properly countered may harm the indigenous industry. The cost records and the cost
audit report play a very critical role in defence of local industry to substantiate their fair approach against
any allegation of dumping. Similarly, when dumping allegations are levied against the exports by the
Indian companies to any foreign company, the Cost Audit Reports can provide the valuable feedback to
protect the interest of Indian companies.

The practice of selling below cost to ward off competition attracts the penal provisions of the
Competition Law. This necessitates the availability of authentic cost details of the products marketed by
industry and business houses to determine normative pricing or fair pricing. In fact, Competition Law to
be effective against any anti-competition activity presupposes the availability of reliable and authentic
cost data.

The transfer pricing issue has gained considerable momentum in international scenario. Cost Audit Report
Rules 2001 include the provisions to take care of this aspect in right perspective. The fundamentals of
transfer pricing are based on “arm’s length” throughout the world. The cost details form the very basis of
determining arm’s length transfer pricing policy of any country. An audited cost records and the resultant
Cost Audit Report becomes a major source of information, which can be effectively used by both Indirect
and Direct Tax Authorities. The Central Excise Authorities also use Cost Audit Reports for verifying claim of
the companies relating to ex-factory prices of the excisable goods especially in the case of inter-unit
transfers.

The Tariff Commission relies on authenticity of the cost audit reports and makes use of these reports
extensively in fixation of tariffs for the products covered under Cost Accounting Records Rules. The Cost
Audit Reports are also made use of by the respective administrative Ministries of Government of India for
fixation of administrative prices and working out subsidy, etc. Fertilizer Industry Coordination Committee
(FICC) under the Department of Fertilizers and the Directorate of Sugar under Ministry of Food use Cost
Audit Reports extensively in taking decision with respect to the Industries under their purview. The Cost
Audit Reports relating to Bulk Drugs and Formulations are used by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing
Authority for fixation of prices of various drugs and formulations covered under the Drug Price Control
Order, 1995.

The Cost Audit Reports have great potential in government procurements especially in case of non-
competitive procurements. There are no effective anti-trust laws in India. This always leaves a scope for
the traders/suppliers to charge exorbitant prices from the government supplies. For example, ‘Clayton
Act’ in USA clearly provides that any discrimination in price, services or facilities shall be unlawful in USA.
It also prohibits the discrimination in rebates, discounts or underselling in particular localities. This ‘Act’
further provides that any differential in prices etc., shall have to be justified on the grounds of differences
in the cost of manufacture, sale or delivery resulting from the differing methods or quantities in which
such commodities are sold or delivered and the burden of rebutting the prima-facie case shall be upon
the person charged with a violation of this act. The ‘Clayton Act’ also provides that it shall be unlawful for
any person to induce or receive a discrimination in price, which is prohibited under the act. In other
words, each seller of product or service can charge a uniform price only in the USA. However, this is not
the case in India, where each purchaser may be charged a differential price by the supplier or the trader.
A significant portion of the government budget is spent every year on procurements, where reasonability
of purchase price is always an issue. Therefore, Cost Audit Reports can always fill the vacuum in
government procurements ensuring reasonability of prices. Similarly in USA, an “Incurred Cost”
statement is made with respect to major projects funded out of Government budgets. This incurred cost
is nothing but Cost Audit Report.
In addition to above, Government has been giving various incentives for exports by the Indian Industries.
These incentives are mainly to refund the taxes paid in the country to provide level playing field to the
Indian Industry. Similarly many of the exporters import duty - free material for exports after further
processing, where actual productivity is a major issue. Cost Audit Reports provide not only the actual
amount of various taxes paid by any unit but also provide the actual productivity and wastage. Thus Cost
Audit Reports can benefit the Indian Industry to get at par with global competitors.
Features of Cost Audit:
The cost audit of the companies under the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 has the
following features:

(i) Assessing compliance of the relevant cost accounting records rules as applicable to the
product under review;
(ii) Study of the costing system to assess whether it is adequate for the cost ascertainment of
the product under review;
(iii) Evaluation of the operating and other efficiencies of the organization under audit with
special reference to the product under review; to ensure the submission of necessary details
required under the Cost Audit Report Rules, 2001 as amended from time to time.
(iv) Submission of Cost Audit Report in the format prescribed.

Since cost audit is carried out under the various provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, a thorough and
comprehensive knowledge of the Indian Companies Act including various rules prescribed thereunder
and the circulars issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs is essential for conducting an effective Cost
Audit.
Objectives of Cost Audit:
Cost Audit has both general and social objectives. The general objectives can be described to
include the following :

• Verification of cost accounts with a view to ascertaining that these have been properly
maintained and compiled according to the cost accounting system followed by the enterprise. •
Ensuring that the prescribed procedures of cost accounting records rules are duly adhered to. •
Detection of errors and fraud.

• Verification of the cost of each “cost unit” and “cost center” to ensure that these have been
properly ascertained. • Determination of inventory valuation.

• Facilitating the fixation of prices of goods and services.

• Periodical reconciliation between cost accounts and financial accounts.

• Ensuring optimum utilization of human, physical and financial resources of the enterprise.

• Detection and correction of abnormal loss of material and time. • Inculcation of cost
consciousness.

• Advising management, on the basis of inter-firm comparison of cost records, as regards the
areas where performance calls for improvement.

• Promoting corporate governance through various operational disclosures to the directors.

Among the social objectives of cost audit, the following deserve special mention :

 Facilitation in fixation of reasonable prices of goods and services produced by the

enterprise.
 Improvement in productivity of human, physical and financial resources of the enterprise.
 Channelizing of the enterprise resources to most optimum, productive and profitable
areas.
 Availability of audited cost data as regards contracts containing escalation clauses.
 Facilitation in settlement of bills in the case of cost-plus contracts entered into by the
Government.
 Pinpointing areas of inefficiency and mismanagement, if any for the benefit of
shareholders, consumers, etc., such that necessary corrective action could be taken in
time.
Scope of Cost Audit:

Section 227(2) of the Companies Act, 1956, requires the auditor of a company to state whether
the accounts in his opinion give a true and fair view of the state of the company’s affairs in the
case of the balance sheet and of the profit or loss for its financial year in the case of the profit
and loss account. Therefore, statutory financial audit of a company conducted by the Chartered
Accountant is an essential annual feature of all the companies registered under the provisions of
Companies Act, 1956. The Board of Directors of every company has a statutory obligation to
place its audited annual accounts viz. Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet before the
shareholders in the Annual General Meeting, duly certified by a Chartered Accountant appointed
as an ‘Auditor’ under the provisions of Section 224 of the Act. However, there is no
corresponding statutory provision for compulsory annual audit of cost accounts of a company
covered under Section 209(1)(d) of the Companies Act or under relevant Cost Accounting
Records Rules.

One of the pre-requisites of cost audit is the maintenance of cost accounting records by the
company. Section 209(1)(d) makes it obligatory for a company pertaining to any class of
companies engaged in production, processing, manufacturing or mining to maintain such
particulars relating to utilization of material or labour or to other items of cost as may be
prescribed, if such class of companies is required by the Central Government to include such
particulars in the books of accounts. The rules provide that only those companies, which are
covered under Section 209(1)(d) of the Companies Act and a specific Cost Audit Order has been
issued with reference to a specified product by the Cost Audit Branch of Ministry of Corporate
Affairs are required to get their cost accounts audited with respect to that specific product.
Moreover, Cost Audit Report is not placed before the shareholders during the Annual General
Meeting.

The Central Government prescribes the separate cost accounting records for each class of
companies i.e. companies manufacturing a particular class of product or activity like Cement,
Steel, Chemicals and Electricity etc. and these are called the Cost Accounting Records Rules for
that specific industry or class of companies. When cost accounting records/formats are
prescribed, they apply to those companies engaged in the manufacture of a particular product or
activity. In the case of companies engaged in production or processing of other products or
activities also in addition to production, processing or manufacture of the specified product, the
records will have to be maintained only for the manufacture of particular product for which rules
are issued and not necessary for other products. A company manufacturing bulk drugs,
formulation and watches need not necessarily maintain cost accounting records in respect of
watch making activity if no statutory rules are prescribed for watch making activity. The detailed
provisions relating to the manner of prescription of cost accounting records, selection of the
product, the contents of the rules and the list of products/ industries covered by the statutory
rules under Section 209(1)(d) of the Companies Act have also been explained in Study Notes 2
and 3. Thus Cost Audit u/s 233B does not embrace a particular activity of the company unless a
separate cost accounting record rule is already notified for that particular activity under Section
209(1)(d) detailing the nature of cost accounting records to be maintained.

The legal provisions relating to statutory cost audit are applicable only to companies registered
under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956. Therefore, cost audit is not applicable to other
enterprises like partnership, cooperative societies, etc. The Cost Audit is conducted by a Cost
Accountant in practice within the meaning of the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959. The
cost auditor is appointed by the Board of Directors of the company with the previous approval of
the Central Government. The report of cost auditor is to rendered to the Central Government
with a copy to the Company
Company Profile:

Moshau has been formed with the intention of establishing a manufacturing facility to produce
superior quality of Readymade Garments. Moshau has started its operation on a 16000 Sq. Ft
leased premises at Vasai East.

Moshau seeks to setup its manufacturing facility to deliver quality products for their consumers.
The product lines include many categories such as Men’s Shirts / T-Shirts / Men’s Jacket / Men’s
Shorts / Ladies T-shirts / Children’s Garments Etc.

CA. Balraj H. Khakhar, the Director of the firm is well supported by a team of individuals who are
experienced technocrats involved in the manufacturing of Readymade Garments. The proprietor
himself has vast knowledge in the textile and readymade garment industry having worked very
closely on the projects of companies like Bombay Rayon Fashions Limited, Mudra Textiles
Limited. His rich experience in this field will be the key to technical assistance and managing
business process of the firm. The firm is very well supported by a team of individuals who
complement them in handling the entire operational as well as financial activities of the firm.

Moshau has made every effort to involve in all areas of Apparel production like textile, garments,
labels, sewing thread, button and other related accessories. Moshau. Their main product is 100%
Cotton Tshirt. By assuring quality and services MOSHAU has become prominent to the local and
foreign buyers.

Moshau started its in 2012 with a goal for producing world class fabrics in India. Currently this
factory produces 30000 Tshirts every month.

Moshau started a full-fledged manufacturing facility to deliver quality products for their
consumers. MOSHAU already has established a manufacturing facility at Vasai producing
superior quality products. The product lines include many categories such as Men’s Shirts /
Casual Trousers / Denims / Shorts / T-Shirts / Ladies Denims / Casual Trousers / Children’s
Garments Etc.

CA. Balraj H. Khakhar, the Director of the firm is well supported by a team of professionals
including Mr. Farhaan Rajani, Mr. Satish Gaund and Mr. Chintan Shah who is experienced
technocrats involved in the manufacturing of Readymade Garments and Corporate Finance.
Their rich experience in this field will be the key to technical assistance and managing business
process of the firm. The firm is ably supported by a team of professional headed by Mr. Angad
Singh Kohli. The team is thoroughly experienced in manufacturing & Marketing of the products.
They are very well supported by a team of individuals who complement them in handling the
entire operational as well as financial activities of the firm.

The Site

The present manufacturing facility is at Gala No. 123, 1st Floor, Dewan and Shah Industrial Estate
No. 6, Village Navghar, Taluka Vasai, District Thane 401210. The site has a good accessibility from
the Vasai Station. The facility will also have an inbuilt showroom for display of their product line.

Factory Layout

The existing unit already has a constructed area of 16000 Sq. Ft. The unit has the adequate space
for already installed machineries and more if required for the expansion.

Products
 Men’s Shirts
 Men’s Shorts
 Men’s Track pants
 Men’s T-Shirts / Jackets
 Ladies Shirts
 Ladies T-Shirts / Jackets
 Children’s Garments
Organisation Structure:
Maintenance of Cost Accounting Records and Cost Audit:

The Rules state that cost records are to be maintained in Form CRA-1, which
provides principles to be followed for different cost elements. The principles are in
sync with the cost accounting standards issued by the Institute of Cost Accountants
of India. Since the Rules are principle based, no format has been prescribed for
maintenance of cost accounting records like pre-2011 industry specific rules. It is
opened for industry to maintain cost accounting records according to its size and
nature of business so long as it determines a true and fair view of the cost of
production, cost of sales and margin of the products/services. The cost audit report
is required to be in conformity with the “cost auditing standards” as referred to in
Section 148 of the Companies Act, 2013. It may be noted that the Council of the
Institute of Cost Accountants of India has made it mandatory for cost accountants
in practice to follow and conform to the Cost Accounting Standards issued by it and
it is incumbent on the cost auditors to report any deviations from cost accounting
standards.
Applicability of Cost Audit

a) The Rules have classified sectors/industries under Regulated and Non-Regulated sectors. The
sectors/industries covered under Table A of the Rules are under the Regulated Sector and
sectors/industries covered under Table B are under the Non-Regulated Sector.

b) Every company, including foreign companies defined in clause (42) of section 2 of the Act,
engaged in the production of the goods or providing services, specified in Tables A and B, having
an overall turnover from all its products and services of rupees thirty five crore or more during
the immediately preceding financial year, shall be required to maintain cost accounting records.

However, foreign companies having only liaison office in India and engaged in production, import
and supply or trading of medical devices listed in Sl. 33 of Table B are exempted. Further,
companies which are classified as a micro enterprise or a small enterprise including as per the
turnover criteria under sub-section (9) of section 7 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Development Act, 2006 (27 of 2006) are also excluded from the purview of the Rules.

c) The Rules are effective from April 1, 2014 in respect of certain class of companies and for the
others it is effective from April 1, 2015 as detailed below:

Rules Applicable from April 1, 2014 –Regulated Sectors

Sl. Industry /Sector/ Product/Service CETA Heading

means of any transmission or reception of signs, signals,

writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature
Not applicable
(other than broadcasting services) and regulated by the
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India under the Telecom

2. Generation, transmission, distribution and supply of

electricity regulated by the relevant regulatory body or
authority under the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003), ………
other than for captive generation (referred to in the
1. Telecommunication services made available to users by
Electricity Rules, 2005);

3. Petroleum products regulated by the Petroleum and

Natural Gas Regulatory Board under the Petroleum and 2709 to 2715;
Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 (19 of 2006);

4. Drugs and pharmaceuticals 2901 to 2942; 3001 to 3006.

5. Fertilizers; 3102 to 3105.

6. Sugar and industrial alcohol; 1701; 1703; 2207

Rules Applicable from April 1, 2014 –Non-Regulated Sectors

Sl. Industry /Sector/ Product/Service CETA Heading

1. Machinery and mechanical appliances used in defence, 8401 to 8402; 8801 to 8805;
space and atomic energy sectors excluding any ancillary 8901 to 8908
item or items;
Explanation. –For the purposes of this sub-clause, any
company which is engaged in any item or items supplied
exclusively for use under this clause, shall be deemed to
be covered under these rules.

2. Turbo jets and turbo propellers; 8411

3. Arms and ammunitions; 3601 to 3603; 9301 to 9306.

 Rules Applicable from April 1, 2014 –Non-Regulated Sectors

Sl. Industry /Sector/ Product/Service CETA Heading

4. Propellant powders; prepared explosives (other than 3601 to 3603

propellant powders); safety fuses; detonating fuses;
percussion or detonating caps; igniters; electric
detonators;

5. Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and 8526

radio remote control apparatus;

6. Tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, motorised, 8710

whether or not fitted with weapons and parts of such
vehicles, that are funded (investment made in the
company) to the extent of ninety percent or more by the
Government or Government agencies;

7. Port services of stevedoring, pilotage, hauling, mooring, Not applicable.

re-mooring, hooking, measuring, loading and unloading
services rendered by a Port in relation to a vessel or
goods regulated by the Tariff Authority for Major Ports
under section 111 of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963 (38
of 1963);

8. Aeronautical services of air traffic management, aircraft Not applicable.

operations, ground safety services, ground handling,
cargo facilities and supplying fuel rendered by airports
and regulated by the Airports Economic Regulatory
Authority under the Airports Economic Regulatory
Authority of India Act, 2008 (27 of 2008);

9. Steel; 7201 to 7229; 7301 to 7326

10. Roads and other infrastructure projects corresponding to Not applicable.

para No.(1) (a) as specified in Schedule VI of the
Companies Act, 2013;
 Appointment of Cost Auditor
(a) Procedure

The cost auditor is to be appointed by the Board of Directors on the recommendation of the Audit
Committee, where the company is required to have an Audit Committee. The cost auditor
proposed to be appointed is required to give a letter of consent to the Board of Directors (Refer
Appendix-2 for Specimen Consent Letter). The company shall inform the cost auditor concerned
of his or its appointment as such and file a notice of such appointment with the Central
Government within a period of thirty days of the Board meeting in which such appointment is
made or within a period of one hundred and eighty days of the commencement of the financial
year, whichever is earlier, through electronic
mode, in form CRA-2 along with the fee as specified in Companies (Registration
Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014 (Refer Appendix-3).

Copy of Specimen Board Resolution is provided at Appendix-4.

Any casual vacancy in the office of a cost auditor, whether due to resignation, death
or removal, shall be filled by the Board of Directors within thirty days of occurrence
of such vacancy and the company shall inform the Central Government in Form CRA-
2 within thirty days of such appointment of cost auditor.

(b) Who can be appointed cost auditor?

Only a Cost Accountant, as defined under section 2(28) of the Companies Act, 2013,
can be appointed as a cost auditor.

Clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 defines
“Cost Accountant”. It means a Cost practice under sub-section (1) of section 6 of the Cost and
Works Accountants Act, 1959

and is in whole-time practice. Cost Accountant includes a Firm of Cost Accountants

and a LLP of cost accountants.
(c) Eligibility criteria for appointment as a cost auditor

Eligibility Criteria under Section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 10 of
the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 and Section 148 of the Companies
Act, 2013. The following persons are not eligible for appointment as a cost auditor:

a) A body corporate. However, a Limited Liability partnership registered under the

Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 can be appointed. [Section 141(3)(a)].

b) An officer or employee of the company. [Section 141(3)(b)].

c) A person who is a partner, or who is in the employment, of an officer or employee of

the company. [Section 141(3)(c)].

d) A person who, or his relative or partner is holding any security of or interest in the
company or any of its subsidiary or of its holding or associate company or a subsidiary
of such holding company. [Section 141(3)(d)(i)].

e) Relatives of any partner of the firm holding any security of or interest in the company
of face value exceeding Rs. 1 lakh. [Section 141(3)(d)(i) and Rule 10(1) of Companies
(Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014].

f) A person who is indebted to the company or its subsidiary, or its holding or associate
company or a subsidiary or such holding company, for an amount exceeding Rs. 5
lakhs. [Section 141(3)(d)(ii) and Rule 10(2) of Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules,
2014].

g) A person who has given any guarantee or provided any security in connection with the
indebtedness of any third person to the company or its subsidiary, or its holding or
associate company or a subsidiary of such holding company, for an amount exceeding
Rs. 1 lakh. [Section 141(3)(d)(iii) and Rule 10(3) of Companies (Audit and Auditors)
Rules, 2014].
h) A person or a firm who, whether directly or indirectly, has business relationship with
the company or its subsidiary, or its holding or associate company or subsidiary of
such holding company or associate company. [Section 141(3)(e) and Rule 10(4) of
Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014].

“Business Relationship” is defined in Rule 10(4) of C

Rules, 2014 and the same shall be construed as any transaction entered into for a
commercial purpose, except commercial transactions which are in the nature of
professional services permitted to be rendered by a cost auditor or a cost audit firm

under the Act and commercial transactions which are in the ordinary course of business of the
company-likesale of atproductsarm’sorservices tolengththe p cost auditor, as customer, in the
ordinary course of business, by companies engaged in

the business of telecommunications, airlines, hospitals, hotels and such other similar
businesses.

i) A person whose relative is a director or is in the employment of the company as a

director or key managerial personnel of the company. [Section 141(3)(f)].

j) A person who is in the full time employment elsewhere or a person or a partner of a

firm holding appointment as its auditor if such person or persons is at the date of such
appointment or reappointment holding appointment as auditor of more than twenty
companies. [Section 141(3)(g)].

k) A person who has been convicted by a court for an offence involving fraud and a
period of ten years has not elapsed from the date of such conviction. [Section
141(3)(h)].

l) Any person whose subsidiary or associate company or any other form of entity, is
engaged as on date of appointment in consulting and providing specialised services to
the company and its subsidiary companies: [Section 141(3)(i) and Section 144].

(a) accounting and book keeping services

 (b) internal audit
(c) design and implementation of any financial information system
(d) actuarial services
(e) investment advisory services
(f) investment banking services
(g) rendering of outsourced financial services
(h) management services
m) Is Rotation applicable to cost auditor?

The provisions for maintenance of cost accounting records and cost audit are governed by Section 148 of the
Companies Act, 2013 (Refer Appendix-5 Provisions of Section 148). The provisions of Section 148 clearly states that no
person appointed under Section 139 as an auditor of the company shall be appointed for conducting audit of cost
records of the company. Section 148 also provides that qualifications, disqualifications, rights, duties and obligations
applicable to auditors (financial) shall apply to a cost auditor appointed under this section. The eligibility, qualifications
and disqualifications are provided in Section 141 of the Act and powers and duties are provided in Section 143. Section
143(14) specifically states that the provisions of Section 143 shall mutatis mutandis apply to a cost auditor appointed
under Section 148. There are no other provisions governing the appointment of a cost auditor.

Section 139(3) of the Act, applicable to appointment of auditors (financial), and Rule 6 of Companies (Audit and
Auditors) Rules, 2014 deals with the provision of rotation of auditors and these provisions are applicable only to
appointment of auditors (financial). The Act does not provide for rotation in case of appointment of cost auditors and
the same is not applicable to a cost auditor. It may, however, be noted that though there is no statutory provision for
rotation of cost auditors, individual companies may do so as a part of their policy, as is the practice with Public Sector
Undertakings.

n) Authority for fixing Remuneration of a Cost Auditor

Rule 14 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 has laid down the procedure of
appointment and fixing the remuneration of a cost auditor. It states as follows:

Remuneration of the Cost Auditor: For the purpose of sub-section (3) of section 148,—
(a) in the case of companies which are required to constitute an audit committee—

(i) the Board shall appoint an individual, who is a cost accountant in practice, or a firm of cost
accountants in practice, as cost auditor on the recommendations of the Audit committee,
which shall also recommend remuneration for such cost auditor;

(ii) the remuneration recommended by the Audit Committee under (i) shall be considered and
approved by the Board of Directors and ratified subsequently by the shareholders;

(b) in the case of other companies which are not required to constitute an audit committee, the
Board shall appoint an individual who is a cost accountant in practice or a firm of cost
accountants in practice as cost auditor and the remuneration of such cost auditor shall be
ratified by shareholders subsequently.

Specimen Agenda to be included in the Notice of Shareholders’Meeting for ratification of

remuneration of Cost Auditor is given at Appendix-6.

(f) Obligation to report offence of fraud

Sub-rule (7) of Rule 6 of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules 2014 states that

“the provisions of sub-section (12) of section 143 of the Act and the relevant rules made thereunder
shall apply mutatis mutandis to a cost auditor during performance of his functions under section
148 of the Act and these rules”.

As per sub-section (12) of section 143 of the Companies Act 2013, extract of which is given above,
it is obligatory on the part of cost auditor to report offence of fraud which is being or has been
committed in the company by its officers or employees, to the Central Government as per the
prescribed procedure under the Rules.

As per the proviso to above sub-section, it has been stated that in case of a fraud involving lesser
than the specified amount, the auditor shall report the matter to the audit committee constituted
under section 177 or to the Board in other cases within such time and in such manner as may be
prescribed.

Cost Audit Report

As per sub-rule (4) of Rule 6 of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules 2014 as
amended, a Cost Auditor is required to submit the Cost Audit Report along with his or its
reservations or qualifications or observations or suggestions, if any, in form CRA-3 to Board of
Directors of the company within a period of one hundred and eighty days from the closure of
the financial year to which the report relates.

Form for filing Cost Audit Report with the Central Government

As per sub-rule (6) of Rule 6 of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules 2014 as amended,
every company to whom cost auditor submits his or its report shall, within a period of thirty
days from the date of receipt of a copy of the cost audit report, furnish the Central Government
with such report along with full information and explanation on every reservation or
qualification contained therein, in formCRA-4 along with fees specified in the Companies
(Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014.

It is to be noted that the cost audit report is required to be filed in XBRL format.
Conclusion:
The company is following all the required cost accounting sanders. They follow all the
procedure need to conduct cost audit. The company is going through profit because of good
utilisation of cost control method and due to cost audit.
Bibliography :
www.mca.gov.n
www.moshau.in
www.icai.org.in
icwai final cost accountancy book