Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1: Introduction To Chinese: To Be Read With The Video Chinese With Mike: Lesson 1
Chapter 1: Introduction To Chinese: To Be Read With The Video Chinese With Mike: Lesson 1
In this chapter, I will break down Mandarin Chinese and provide you with a brief introduction to the
language. First, call me Mike Lǎoshī! That means Mike Teacher, literally, but we would translate that as
“Teacher Mike.” In Chinese, one’s title comes after his or her name.
What is Chinese?
Chinese is a language family. It’s a group of related languages that originated in China, and together they
have more native (first language) speakers than any other language in the world. Yes, that includes
English. Chinese has roughly 1.3 billion native speakers whereas English as around 400 million. That is
more than three times the number of speakers!
Mandarin has the most native speakers of any language in the world. It is the official language of China,
Taiwan, and one of the four official languages of Singapore. Additionally, it is one of the six official
languages of the United Nations (UN). In addition to being the language of Chinese government,
education, and business, it is the language you will be learning in Chinese with Mike!
Even though Cantonese is not nearly as widely spoken as Mandarin in China, Cantonese is particularly
interesting because it is spoken by the majority of Chinese immigrants overseas. The reason for this is
that for the past 150 years, most immigrants to the West came from the southern (Canton) region of
China; it is also spoken by the majority of people in Hong Kong and Macau.
1
Spoken by the Hakka people, an ethnic group that has had significant influence in Chinese history, Hakka
is spoken predominantly in southern China.
Related to another dialect of Chinese called Mínnán, Taiwanese is spoken by about 70% of the
Taiwanese population. Since Mandarin is taught in Taiwanese schools, fewer and fewer children are
learning Taiwanese, and the number of total speakers is expected to gradually decline.
All dialects are unified, however, by a common writing system, which I will cover now!
When Chinese was first written on bones and turtle shells, most concepts were represented by
pictograms and ideograms (see below). Eventually these ancient characters evolved into
modern characters, which is the type we use today. In all, some linguists approximate the
number of Chinese characters to be about 50,000. Does anybody know them all? No. I have
heard that people need to be able to recognize between 2000-3000 characters to read a
newspaper, and a well-educated person knows about double that number. Keep in mind that
after you know the pīnyīn alphabet (which you will have mastered after Chapter 6) you can
read any character, as long as pīnyīn is provided. You will also be able to chat in Chinese chat
rooms!
Mountain (shān)
2
Water (shuǐ)
Horse (mǎ)
Ideograms are characters used to represent concepts, or ideas. Here are some
examples:
一 二 三 上 下
3
Tree (shù) + Grove (lín) = Forest (sēn)
木 + 林 = 森
OR
Person (rén) + Tree (shù) = Rest (xiū) (People rest under trees!)
人 + 木 = 休
OR
Woman (nǚ) + Child (zǐ) = Good (hǎo)
女 + 子 = 好
Ice (bīng) River (hé) Lake (hú ) Sea (hǎi) Wave (làng)
冰 河 湖 海 浪
Grass (cǎo) Flower (huā) Berry (méi) Tea (chá) Vegetables (cài)
4
草 花 莓 茶 菜
Dog (gǒu) Pig (zhū) Monkey (hóu) Lion (shī) Wolf (láng)
狗 猪 猴 狮 狼
老 考
5
1. 北(běi) originally meant “back (of the body)” but it currently means
“north.” Thus, the character 背(bèi) was created to mean “back (of the
body).”
2. 要 (yào) originally meant “waist,” but it currently means “to want.” Thus,
the character 腰 (yāo) was created to mean “waist.”
In conclusion, if you are interested in learning the Chinese writing system, you do not need to
know which category a given character belongs to, nor do you need to know the six major
classifications! Rather, the key to learning how to write Chinese characters is writing them
over and over and over and over again until they look pretty and you remember the strokes.
Trust me: I spent years doing just that, usually in front of the television with a cold beverage
at my side. Once you learn several characters, you’ll see how words that are pronounced
similarly often include similar written components, as well as other patterns that I’ve
introduced in the examples above. See Chapter 8 for more information and the guidelines for
how to write Chinese characters, and check my Website (www.chinesewithmike.com) for my
personal recommendations for character-writing dictionaries.
6
Note: Although I think traditional characters look prettier, I will be using simplified characters
for the remainder of this textbook and in the Chinese with Mike video series because they are
the most common style used in China. Most good character writing dictionaries contain
instructions for how to write both, so if you would prefer learning traditional characters, knock
yourself out!
Tones
Like many languages in Asia, Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language, which means that a word’s
meaning can change based on the pitch you use to pronounce it. Mandarin has four major
tones and one neutral tone. Words contain a tone mark to indicate their tone. Here is the most
common example used to illustrate the tone:
It is important to understand that the tone of a word can completely change its meaning, as I’ve
shown you with the previous example. Just think: Your mom might scold you if you ask her for
hemp, when you actually want a horse! Before you panic, let me remind you of something:
Since we have contexts (or situations) to our conversations, mispronouncing a tone is not the
end of the world. Usually the other person will know which tone you were trying to pronounce,
and thus understand what you meant to say. The conversation will go on. (See Chapter 7 for a
full chapter devoted to more practice with tones.)
The End
This brings us to the end of Chapter 1 of the textbook. Overwhelmed? Mentally exhausted?
Yeah, me too. That’s the price we both pay for my deciding to call a chapter “Orientation to
Chinese,” a language with thousands of years of history. I’ll slow it down from here, okay? If
you’re still with me, move on to Chapter 2. I’ll meet you there.