Safety Precautions and Symbols

This section gives you the most important precautions to follow, and identifies and explains
the various safety symbols found on the instrument. Before turning on the instrument, make
sure that the proper safety precautions are taken, as described below.
General Precautions
 Before turning on the instrument, carefully read the instructions in this user manual.
 Never touch connector pins, whether the instrument is turned on or not, as high voltage
may be present.
 Keep this user manual in a safe place for future reference.
 Follow the installation and operation procedures carefully.
 Heed the safety warnings found on the instrument and in this manual.
 The TOPAZ™ has been designed for Non-destructive evaluations of industrial and
commercial materials. Do not use the TOPAZ for any other purpose than the intended
use stated above.
 The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth
contact. You must not negate the protective action by using an extension cord (power
cable) without a protective conductor (grounding). Grounding one conductor of a two-
conductor outlet is not sufficient protection.
 Only use cables and accessories approved by ZETEC for this instrument. Otherwise,
operation of surrounding sensitive equipment may be impaired, and data corrupted.
 Whenever it is likely that the ground connection is ineffective, turn off the instrument
and secure it against any unintended operation.
 The instrument must only be connected to a power source corresponding to the type
indicated on the rating plate of the adapter provided with the unit.
 If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by ZETEC, Inc., the protection
provided on the equipment may be impaired.
 Do not install substitute parts or perform unauthorized modifications to the instrument.
 The instrument must be serviced by manufacturer only. For any problem or question
regarding this instrument, contact ZETEC, Inc., or an authorized ZETEC, Inc.
representative.
 ZETEC service personnel shall apply best practices for maintenance of the unit.

i
Electrostatic Discharge Precautions
Should you ever have to disassemble your instrument or touch any of its internal components
(under ZETEC-authorized supervision), make sure that you take all the necessary
precautions against electrostatic discharges (ESDs). ESDs can damage or even blow up
electronic components in your system. Electrostatic damage to components can take the
form of upsets or even catastrophic system failures. Moreover, omitting to take appropriate
precautions could void your limited warranty.
The basic rules of ESD control are:
 Handle ESD-sensitive components only in protected work areas. Always ground yourself
when handling ESD-sensitive components or assemblies. Be sure to use the proper
maintenance and work procedures in conjunction with the type of material.
 Always use a conductive or shielding container during storage or transportation of ESD-
sensitive components or assemblies (for example, printed circuit boards). The materials
used must create a Faraday cage, which will isolate the contents from electrostatic
charges.
 Open ESD-safe containers only at a static-safe workstation. Such a workstation will
include equipment to perform three critical functions: grounding, isolation, and
neutralization.
At the static-safe workstation, follow this procedure before beginning any work:
1. Test your grounding devices to ensure that they are functioning properly.
2. Put on your wrist strap or foot grounding devices.
3. Check all grounding cords to make sure they are properly connected to ground, ensuring
the effective dissipation of electrostatic charges.
4. Turn on an ion generator, if available. This will help dissipate static charges from any
nonconducting materials.
5. Make sure that your work surface is clean and clear of unnecessary materials, particularly
common plastics.
6. When handling electronic devices, hold the components by their plastic edges. Avoid
touching the metal leads.
7. Avoid bringing components in contact with your clothing, hair, or other nonconducting
materials.
The above procedure is only a summary of the measures to be taken against electrostatic
discharges. Please consult the literature dedicated to that topic for more details.

ii
Instrument Markings and Safety Symbols
The following symbols may be found on the instrument, and pertain to safety regulations
that should be followed carefully.
The lightning flash with arrowhead label is used as a “high voltage sign.” It indicates
the presence of “hazardous voltages” (within the product enclosure or accessible
externally) that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock
to persons. Refer to the user manual to ensure proper protection and safe practice.
The “RoHS compliant” symbol signifies that this product is compliant with RoHS
directive 2002/95/EC. This directive prohibits the use of lead, mercury, cadmium,
hexavalent chrome, poly-bromated biphenyl (PBB) or poly-bromated diphenylether
(PBDE) in certain classes of electrical or electronic units as of July 2011.
The “Crossed-Out Wheeled Bin” label is a reminder to dispose of this product in
accordance with local WEEE regulations. This electronic instrument was
manufactured according to high quality standards to ensure safe and reliable
operation when used as stated in this manual. Due to its nature, this instrument
may contain small quantities of substances known to be hazardous to the
environment or to human health if released in the environment. For this reason,
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (commonly known as WEEE) should
never be disposed of in the public waste stream.
The "CE" marking approves conformity with all applicable directives and standards
of the European community.

EMC Directive Compliance

This instrument may generate frequency energy causing interference if not installed and
used in strict accordance with ZETEC instructions. The TOPAZ™ has been tested and found
to comply with the limits for an industrial device in accordance with the specifications of
EMC standard EN 61326-1 (2012).
It is required to mention that emissions in excess of the levels of this standard may be
generated by the instrument and/or the cabling if it is connected to test probes that are not
properly manufactured or not properly connected to the instrument’s connectors.
Security Standards
The TOPAZ™ is a Class 1 instrument of installation category II. It complies with standard
EN-61010-1 (2010).

iii
WINDOWS EMBEDDED POSREADY 7
MICROSOFT SOFTWARE LICENSE TERMS

These license terms are an agreement between you and ZETEC. Please read them. They apply to the
software included on this device. The software also includes any separate media on which you
received the software.

The software on this device includes software licensed from Microsoft Corporation or its affiliate.

The terms also apply to any Microsoft

• updates,

• supplements,

• Internet-based services, and

• support services

for this software, unless other terms accompany those items. If so, those terms apply.

If you obtain updates or supplements directly from Microsoft, then Microsoft, and not ZETEC,
licenses those to you.

As described below, using the software also operates as your consent to the transmission of
certain computer information for Internet-based services.

By using the software, you accept these terms. If you do not accept them, do not use the software.
Instead, contact ZETEC to determine its return policy for a refund or credit.

If you comply with these license terms, you have the rights below.

1. USE RIGHTS

Use. The software license is permanently assigned to the device (physical hardware system) with
which you acquired the software. You may only use the software on that device.

2. ADDITIONAL LICENSING REQUIREMENTS AND/OR USE RIGHTS

a.Specific Use. You may use the software with a point of service “POS” application.

A POS System means an Embedded System that performs functions substantially similar to that
of a point of sale, kiosk (informational or transactional), digital signage, or similar types of
devices; and is designed for use solely with a POS Application.
iv
A POS application is a software application which provides any of the following functions;

• process sales and service transactions

• scan and track inventory

• record or transmit customer information

• perform related management functions

• provide information directly and indirectly to customers about available products

and services

b.Other Software. You may use other programs with the software as long as the other programs

• directly supports the manufacturer’s specific use for the device, or

• provide system utilities, resource management, or anti-virus or similar protection.

• Software that provides consumer or business tasks or processes may not be run on the device.
This includes email, word processing, spreadsheet, database, scheduling and personal finance
software. The device may use terminal services protocols to access such software running on a
server.

c.Storage/Network Use. You may also store or install one (1) copy of the software on a storage
device, such as network server, used only to install or run the software on your other POS
Systems over an internal network; however, you must acquire and dedicate an additional
license for each separate POS System on or from which the software is installed, used,
accessed, displayed or run. Except as otherwise permitted by Remote Assistance features
described above, a license for the software may not be shared or used concurrently on
different POS Systems.

d.Device Connections. You may use terminal services protocols to connect the device to a server
running business task or processes software such as email, word processing, scheduling or
spreadsheets.

You may permit a maximum of twenty (20) computers or other electronic devices (each a
“Device”) to connect via Server Message Bloc (SMB) to the POS System to utilize one or
more of the following services of the software: File Services, Print Services, Internet
Information Services, Internet Connection Sharing and telephony services. The twenty
connection maximum includes any indirect connections made through “multiplexing” or
other software or hardware which pools or aggregates connections. Unlimited inbound

v
 connections are allowed via TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol (“TCP”) and the
Internet Protocol (“IP”))

e.Remote Desktop/Remote Assistance. The software may contain Remote Assistance and
Remote Desktop technologies that enable the software or other applications installed on the
POS System to be used remotely between two or more computing devices, even if the
software or application is installed on only one POS System. You may use Remote Assistance
and Remote Desktop with all Microsoft products; provided however, use of these
technologies with certain Microsoft products may require an additional license. For both
Microsoft products and non-Microsoft products you should consult the license agreement
accompanying the applicable product or contact the applicable licensor to determine
whether use of Remote Assistance or Remote Desktop is permitted without an additional
license.

f.Font Components. While the software is running, you may use its fonts to display and print
content. You may only

• embed fonts in content as permitted by the embedding restrictions in the fonts; and

• temporarily download them to a printer or other output device to print content.

g.Icons, images and sounds. While the software is running, you may use but not share its icons,
images, sounds, and media.

h.VHD BOOT. Additional copies of the software created using the software’s Virtual Hard Disk
functionality (“VHD Image”) may be pre-installed on the physical hard disk of the device.
These VHD Images may only be used for maintaining or updating the software installed on
the physical hard disk or drive. If the VHD Image is the only software on your device, it may
be used as the primary operating system but all other copies of the VHD Image may only be
used for maintenance and updating.

i.Multiplexing. Hardware or software you use to

· pool connections,

· reroute information, or

· reduce the number of devices or users that directly access or use the software

(sometimes referred to as “multiplexing” or “pooling”), does not reduce the number of

licenses of any type that you need.

vi
3. INTERNET-BASED SERVICES. Microsoft provides Internet-based services with the software.
It may change or cancel them at any time.

a. Consent for Internet-Based Services. The software features described below connect to
Microsoft or service provider computer systems over the Internet. In some cases, you will
not receive a separate notice when they connect. You may switch off these features or not use
them. For more information about these features, see http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/
windows7/windows-7-privacy-statement-highlights. By using these features, you consent
to the transmission of this information. Microsoft does not use the information to identify
or contact you.

Computer Information. The following features use Internet protocols, which send to the
appropriate systems computer information, such as your Internet protocol address, the type
of operating system, browser and name and version of the software you are using, and the
language code of the device where you installed the software. Microsoft uses this information
to make the Internet-based services available to you.

·Auto Root Update. The Auto Root Update feature updates the list of trusted certificate
authorities. You can switch off the Auto Root Update feature.

·Digital Certificates. The software uses digital certificates. These digital certificates
confirm the identity of Internet users sending X.509 standard encrypted
information. They also can be used to digitally sign files and macros to verify the
integrity and origin of the file contents. The software retrieves certificates and
updates certificate revocation lists using the Internet, when available.

·IPv6 Network Address Translation (NAT) Traversal service (Teredo). This feature
helps existing home Internet gateway devices transition to IPv6. IPv6 is next
generation Internet protocol. It helps enable end-to-end connectivity often needed
by peer-to-peer applications. To do so, each time you start up the software the
Teredo client service will attempt to locate a public Teredo Internet service. It does
so by sending a query over the Internet. This query only transfers standard Domain
Name Service information to determine if your computer is connected to the
Internet and can locate a public Teredo service. If you

·use an application that needs IPv6 connectivity or

·configure your firewall to always enable IPv6 connectivity

by default standard Internet Protocol information will be sent to the Teredo service at

vii
 Microsoft at regular intervals. No other information is sent to Microsoft. You can
change this default to use non-Microsoft servers. You can also switch off this feature
using a command line utility named “netsh”.

·Information Rights Management. The software contains a feature that allows you to
create content that cannot be printed, copied or sent to others without your
permission. You may need to connect to Microsoft to use this feature for the first
time. Once a year, you may need to re-connect to Microsoft to update it. For more
information, go to www.office.microsoft.com/en-us/assistance/
HA010397891033.aspx. You may choose not to use this feature.

·Windows Media Digital Rights Management. Content owners use Windows Media
digital rights management technology (WMDRM) to protect their intellectual
property, including copyrights. This software and third party software use
WMDRM to play and copy WMDRM-protected content. If the software fails to
protect the content, content owners may ask Microsoft to revoke the software’s
ability to use WMDRM to play or copy protected content. Revocation does not
affect other content. When you download licenses for protected content, you agree
that Microsoft may include a revocation list with the licenses. Content owners may
require you to upgrade WMDRM to access their content. Microsoft software that
includes WMDRM will ask for your consent prior to the upgrade. If you decline an
upgrade, you will not be able to access content that requires the upgrade. You may
switch off WMDRM features that access the Internet. When these features are off,
you can still play content for which you have a valid license.

·Windows Media Player. When you use Windows Media Player, it checks with
Microsoft for

·compatible online music services in your region;

·new versions of the player; and

·codecs if your computer does not have the correct ones for playing content.

You can switch off this last feature. For more information, go to go.microsoft.com/
fwlink/?LinkId=51331.

·Windows (or Microsoft) Update Feature. Windows Update Feature. This is an optional
feature that you can enable by selecting the “Opt In” dialogue box. Once enabled,
this feature automatically connects to Microsoft or service provider computer

viii
 systems over the internet to provide updates from Microsoft to your software and
Runtime. In some cases, you will not receive a separate notice when they connect.
Standard information about your computer is sent each time the feature connects.
Standard computer information may include your Internet Protocol address, the
type of operating system, browser and name and version of the software you are
using and the language code of the device where you installed the software.
Microsoft uses this information to make the Internet based service available to you.
You may switch off this feature or not use it. By using this feature, you consent to
the transmission of this information. Microsoft does not use the information to
identify or contact you.

1. BENCHMARK TESTING. You must obtain Microsoft's prior written approval to disclose to a
third party the results of any benchmark test of the software. However, this does not apply to the
Microsoft .NET Framework (see below).

2. MICROSOFT .NET FRAMEWORK BENCHMARK TESTING. The software includes one or

more components of the .NET Framework (“.NET Components”). You may conduct internal
benchmark testing of those components. You may disclose the results of any benchmark test of
those components, provided that you comply with the conditions set forth at go.microsoft.com/
fwlink/?LinkID=66406. Notwithstanding any other agreement you may have with Microsoft, if
you disclose such benchmark test results, Microsoft shall have the right to disclose the results of
benchmark tests it conducts of your products that compete with the applicable .NET
Component, provided it complies with the same conditions set forth at go.microsoft.com/fwlink/
?LinkID=66406.

3. SCOPE OF LICENSE. The software is licensed, not sold. This agreement only gives you some
rights to use the software. Microsoft reserves all other rights. Unless applicable law gives you
more rights despite this limitation, you may use the software only as expressly permitted in this
agreement. In doing so, you must comply with any technical limitations in the software that only
allow you to use it in certain ways. For more information, see www.microsoft.com/licensing/
userights. You may not

·work around any technical limitations in the software;

·reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble the software, except and only to the extent
that applicable law expressly permits, despite this limitation;

·make more copies of the software than specified in this agreement or allowed by
applicable law, despite this limitation;

ix
 ·publish the software for others to copy;

·rent, lease or lend the software; or

·use the software for commercial software hosting services.

1. BACKUP COPY. You may make one backup copy of the software. You may use it only to
reinstall the software.

2. DOCUMENTATION.

3. Any person that has valid access to your computer or internal network may copy and use the
documentation for your internal, reference purposes.

4. NOTICE ABOUT THE H.264/AVC VISUAL STANDARD, THE VC-1 VIDEO STANDARD,
THE MPEG-4 VISUAL STANDARD AND THE MPEG-2 VIDEO STANDARD. This software
includes H.264/AVC, VC-1, MPEG-4 Part 2, and MPEG-2 visual compression technology.
MPEG LA, L.L.C. requires this notice:

THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC, THE VC-1, THE MPEG-4 PART 2
VISUAL, AND THE MPEG-2 VIDEO PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSES FOR THE
PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE OF A CONSUMER TO DECODE AVC, VC-1,
MPEG-4 PART 2 AND MPEG-2 VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED BY A CONSUMER
ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY OR WAS OBTAINED
FROM A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE SUCH VIDEO. NONE OF THE
LICENSES EXTEND TO ANY OTHER PRODUCT REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH
PRODUCT IS INCLUDED WITH THIS PRODUCT IN A SINGLE ARTICLE. NO LICENSE IS
GRANTED OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MAY BE OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE WWW.MPEGLA.COM.

5. PRODUCT SUPPORT. Contact ZETEC for support options. Refer to the support number
provided with the device.

6. PROOF OF LICENSE. If you acquired the software on the device, or on a disc or other media, a
genuine Certificate of Authenticity label with a genuine copy of the software identifies licensed
software. To be valid, this label must be affixed to the device, or included on or in ZETEC’s
software packaging. If you receive the label separately, it is not valid. You should keep the label on
the device or packaging to prove that you are licensed to use the software. To identify genuine
Microsoft software, see http://www.howtotell.com

x
TRANSFER TO A THIRD PARTY. You may transfer the software only with the device, the
Certificate of Authenticity label, and these license terms directly to a third party. Before the transfer,
that party must agree that these license terms apply to the transfer and use of the software. You may
not retain any copies of the software including the backup copy.

NOT FAULT TOLERANT. The software is not fault tolerant. ZETEC installed the software on the
device and is responsible for how it operates on the device.

NO WARRANTIES FOR THE SOFTWARE. The software is provided “as is”. You bear all risks of
using it. Microsoft gives no express warranties, guarantees or conditions. Any warranties you
receive regarding the device or the software do not originate from, and are not binding on,
Microsoft or its affiliates. When allowed by your local laws, ZETEC and Microsoft exclude implied
warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement.

LIABILITY LIMITATIONS.
You can recover from Microsoft and its affiliates only direct damages up to two hundred fifty U.S.
Dollars (U.S. $250.00). You cannot recover any other damages, including consequential, lost profits,
special, indirect or incidental damages.
This limitation applies to:

•anything related to the software, services, content (including code) on third party internet
sites, or third party programs, and

•claims for breach of contract, breach of warranty, guarantee or condition, strict liability,
negligence, or other tort to the extent permitted by applicable law.

It also applies even if Microsoft should have been aware of the possibility of the damages. The
above limitation may not apply to you because your country may not allow the exclusion or
limitation of incidental, consequential or other damages.

7. EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. The software is subject to United States export laws and regulations.
You must comply with all domestic and international export laws and regulations that apply to
the software. These laws include restrictions on destinations, end users and end use. For
additional information, see www.microsoft.com/exporting.

8. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This agreement, additional terms (including any printed-paper license
terms that accompany the software and may modify or replace some or all of these terms), and
xi
 the terms for supplements, updates, Internet-based services and support services that you use, are
the entire agreement for the software and support services.

9. APPLICABLE LAW

a.United States. If you acquired the software in the United States, Washington state law governs
the interpretation of this agreement and applies to claims for breach of it, regardless of
conflict of laws principles. The laws of the state where you live govern all other claims,
including claims under state consumer protection laws, unfair competition laws, and in tort.
b.Outside the United States. If you acquired the software in any other country, the laws of that
country apply.

xii
Conventions of this Manual
This user manual is designed to be easy to understand and user-friendly, but to take full
advantage of the information given, it is good to know the conventions used. In the following
pages, you will find the definitions of the safety indications as well as the typographical
choices made.
Safety Indications
The purpose of the various safety indications is to ensure operator safety and instrument
integrity.

Warning! The Warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or
the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in severe
personal injury or death.
Do not proceed beyond a Warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.

Caution The Caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the
like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in material
damage or loss of data.
Do not proceed beyond a Caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.

IMPORTANT: The IMPORTANT sign calls attention to a note that provides important information, or
information essential to the completion of a task.

NOTE: The NOTE sign calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like, that
requires special attention. A NOTE also denotes related, parenthetical information that is
useful but not imperative.

xiii
Typographical Conventions
The various typographical conventions explained below were defined to standardize and
simplify the look and feel of this documentation.
Italic
An italic typeface is used to indicate emphasis on a specific word or phrase (for example: This
options should never be checked.)
Bold
A bold typeface is used to indicate the name of a menu item or a named user interface
element (for example: the File menu, the Options… button, etc.) Generally, items in bold are
capitalized to reflect the capitalization used on screen.
SMALL CAPITALS
Small capitals are generally used when reference is made to inscriptions found “as is” on an
instrument (buttons, connectors, indicator lights, etc.)

xiv
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ............................................................................ xv
Introducing the TOPAZ™ .................................................................. 1
1 Overview of the Equipment ....................................................... 3
Description of the Front Panel ........................................................................................................ 3
Description of the Back Panel .......................................................................................................... 6
Description of the Left-Side Panel .................................................................................................. 7
Description of the Right-Side Panel ................................................................................................ 9

2 Preparing the TOPAZ ............................................................... 11

Positioning the TOPAZ .................................................................................................................. 11
Setting Up the Probes ..................................................................................................................... 13
Setting up Scanners and Encoders ................................................................................................ 21
Working with Conventional UT Probes ...................................................................................... 23
Turning The TOPAZ ON or OFF .................................................................................................. 24
Setting Up a Workstation ............................................................................................................... 26
Batteries ............................................................................................................................................ 34

3 UltraVision Touch™: Embedded User Interface ..................... 39

UltraVision Touch: Start-Up ......................................................................................................... 40
User Interface ................................................................................................................................... 41
Managing your Files ........................................................................................................................ 47
Managing your Data Display ......................................................................................................... 52
Managing Your Options ................................................................................................................. 59

4 Working with UltraVision Touch™ .......................................... 69

Creating your Specimen ................................................................................................................. 70
Defining your Channel Settings .................................................................................................... 84
Using the Calculator ..................................................................................................................... 111

5 Creating Inspection Configurations .................................... 131

One-Side Phased Array UT Weld Inspection ........................................................................... 131
Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld Inspection ........................................................................... 137
TOFD Weld Inspection with Conventional UT Probes .......................................................... 146
Two-Side Phased Array UT and TOFD Weld Inspection ....................................................... 149
Inspection with Motorized Scanner (WELD CRAWLER) ........................................................... 151

xv
 Using Propose Setup ..................................................................................................................... 155
Using the Video Cameras and Laser .......................................................................................... 158
Defining a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) ....................................................................................... 162
Phased Array UT Thickness Measurement ............................................................................... 163
Thickness Measurement Using Homing Gates ........................................................................ 169
Wall Thickness Measurements with NDT PaintBrush™ ........................................................ 175
Performing the Inspection ........................................................................................................... 191
Managing Alarms .......................................................................................................................... 197

6 Performing a Calibration ....................................................... 199

Phased Array UT Signal Calibration - Complete ..................................................................... 199
Phased Array UT Signal Calibration - Single Law .................................................................... 220
Conventional UT Signal Calibration .......................................................................................... 225
TOFD Signal Calibration ............................................................................................................. 227
Encoder Signal Calibration .......................................................................................................... 235

7 Analysis and Reporting ......................................................... 241

Using Information Fields ............................................................................................................. 241
Views: Single Plane and Projection ............................................................................................. 243
Analysis Tools ................................................................................................................................ 246
Creating Soft C-Scan ..................................................................................................................... 253
Performing C-Scan Stitching ....................................................................................................... 254
TOFD Data Processing ................................................................................................................. 259
Reviewing Video Snapshots ......................................................................................................... 262
Reporting ........................................................................................................................................ 264

8 Specifications ......................................................................... 279

General ............................................................................................................................................ 279
Operating Specifications .............................................................................................................. 282

9 Maintenance ........................................................................... 287

Cleaning the Instrument .............................................................................................................. 287
Performing a TOPAZ Self Test ................................................................................................... 288
Factory Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 288
Licensing ......................................................................................................................................... 288

10 Connector References ......................................................... 289

Pulser/Receiver Connectors ......................................................................................................... 289
Gigabyte Ethernet Connector ...................................................................................................... 291
USB Port Connector ..................................................................................................................... 292
Digital Video Interface (DVI) Connector .................................................................................. 293
I/O Interface Connector ............................................................................................................... 294

xvi
11 Problem with Your ZETEC Instrument ............................... 297
Basic Troubleshouting .................................................................................................................. 298

Appendix A – Accessories ............................................................. 301

AC Power Adapter ........................................................................................................................ 301
Batteries .......................................................................................................................................... 301
Battery Charger .............................................................................................................................. 301
Carrying Case ................................................................................................................................. 301
Connection Adapters and Splitters ............................................................................................. 301
Ethernet Cable ............................................................................................................................... 302
Harness ........................................................................................................................................... 303
TOPAZ User Manual .................................................................................................................... 303

Appendix B – Using the Touch Controls ....................................... 305

Using the Touch Screen ................................................................................................................ 305
Touch-Knob and Control Buttons .............................................................................................. 311
Action Buttons ............................................................................................................................... 312

Appendix C – Specimen and Calculator Conventions ................. 313

Welded Specimens Parameters Convention .............................................................................. 313
Calculator Parameters Convention ............................................................................................. 316

Appendix D – Views Conventions ................................................. 333

Color Coded Amplitude ............................................................................................................... 333
2D Data Representations .............................................................................................................. 335
2D View Axes: Colors Convention ............................................................................................. 339
2D Data Interpretation ................................................................................................................. 345
UltraVision 3: 3D Data Visualization ......................................................................................... 346

Appendix E – Information Fields .................................................. 347

Appendix F – Glossary ................................................................... 367

xvii
xviii
Introducing the TOPAZ™
ZETEC’s TOPAZ™ is the first fully-integrated high-performance phased array UT device with
multi-touch screen. The TOPAZ™ is a battery operated unit in a compact and robust casing
that can be successfully deployed in the field, even in contaminated areas. The TOPAZ™ also
offers an enhanced user interface with a dedicated touch-ready software, UltraVision
Touch™,will all the performance you would expect from UltraVision.
 Compact and rugged casing with no air intake;
 32/128 configuration with PR mode to truly benefit from Transmit-Receive;
 2 dedicated conventional UT pulsers for pulse-echo or pitch-&-catch / TOFD;
 Up to 6 hours of battery-life with true hot-swap capability;
 Up to 512 different focal laws (stand alone) and up to 1024 different focal laws
(connected to a workstation);
 16-bit amplitude resolution of phased array signal;
 Digitization frequency: up to 100 MHz;
 High data throughput: up to 10 MB/s;
 Excitation pulse (on 50  load): up to 75 V (PAUT) and up to 200 V (UT),
Excitation pulse (open circuit): up to 105 V (PAUT) and up to 215 V (UT);
 Maximum A-Scan length: 8,192 samples or 16,384 samples (remote - UltraVision 3);
 Automatic self-diagnostics;
 Automatic probe detection with ZETEC phased array UT probes;
 High-quality, Zero-Insertion Force PAUT probe connector with latch;
 Support for encoders and scanners: up to 2 quadrature-type encoders.
The TOPAZ™ can be used as a stand alone unit using the embedded UltraVision Touch
software. UltraVision Touch can also be installed on a computer to perform data analysis or
to use the TOPAZ™ as a remote data acquisition unit.
You can also connect your TOPAZ™ to a workstation with UltraVision 3 installed in order to
take full advantage of its superior performance for data acquisition and analysis. For more
information about UltraVision 3, please refer to its user manuals.
All TOPAZ™ instruments come with the following standard accessories: 2 batteries, 1
carrying case, 1 Gb USB Flash drive, 1 power cable for North America, 1 power cable for
Europe, 1 Ethernet cable, 1 AC adapter and the instrument user manual. ZETEC also
provides a battery charger as a convenient mean to recharge the batteries outside the
instrument and it is not considered part of the ultrasonic equipment.

1
 The TOPAZ™ is available in 32/128 PR and 32/128 configurations. The first number indicates
the maximum number of simultaneously active beam-forming channels; the second, the total
number of available channels.
Both configuration support pitch-&catch examination:
 32/128 PR
The letters PR indicate that a total of 32 active elements (for 32/128 instruments) can be
used for both transmission and for reception; for pitch-&-catch, 32 elements can be used
as pulsers and 32 elements as receivers.
 32/128 (or 32/128 P)
The letters P indicate that a total of 32 active elements (for 32/128 instruments) can be
used for transmission/reception; for pitch-&-catch, 16 elements can be used as pulsers
and 16 elements as receivers.

2
1 Overview of the Equipment
This chapter describes the physical characteristics of the TOPAZ unit.

Caution The TOPAZ is designed to drive high frequency ultrasonic transducers in the form
of high voltage pulses; the instrument in itself does not contain any ultrasound
device that generate hazardous ultrasonic pressure. A transducer requires a
coupling medium to efficiently transmit its energy to the material to be inspected.
Air does not allow high frequency ultrasounds to propagate in an aerial way;
therefore, it cannot cause any hazardous pressure to personnel.

1.1 Description of the Front Panel

Here is a quick overview of the TOPAZ front panel.

3
Figure 1-1 TOPAZ Front Panel

6 7

10

4 3 2 1

IMPORTANT: The front panel of the TOPAZ is splash-proof.

1. ON/OFF push button (for more details, see “Turning The TOPAZ On or Off ” on page 24)
2. Power status indicator light (for more details, see “Turning The TOPAZ On or Off ” on
page 24)
3. Battery status indicator light (for more details, “Battery Status Indicator Light” on
page 36)
4. Multi-touch display (for more details, “Using the Touch Controls” on page 305)
5. Left side panel (for more details, “Description of the Left-Side Panel” on page 7)
6. Removable handle
7. Synchronization and detection gates status indicator lights

4
8. Touch-knob and control buttons (for more details, “Touch-Knob and Control Buttons”
on page 311)
9. Action buttons (for more details, “Action Buttons” on page 312)
10. Right side panel (for more details, “Description of the Right-Side Panel” on page 9)

5
1.2 Description of the Back Panel
Here is a quick overview of the TOPAZ back panel.

Figure 1-2 TOPAZ Back Panel

4

IMPORTANT: The back panel of the TOPAZ is splash-proof even if the back fan is connected or not.

1. Stand to securely tilt the TOPAZ 15°

2. Stand to securely tilt the TOPAZ 45°
3. Power supply connection for the external fan
4. External fan

6
1.3 Description of the Left-Side Panel
Here is a quick overview of the TOPAZ left-side panel.

Figure 1-3 TOPAZ Left-Side Panel

3 4 5

2 1 7 6

Left-side panel with protective covers in place

8

IMPORTANT: The left-side panel of the TOPAZ is not splash-proof, unless all connectors are plugged or
caps are in place.

1. PULSER/RECEIVER connector for Phased Array UT probes (for more details, see “TOPAZ
Phased Array UT Probe Connector” on page 289)
2. Phased array UT probe connector latch
3. I/O connector (for more details, see “I/O Interface Connector” on page 294)
7
 4. ETHERNET connector (for more details, see “Gigabyte Ethernet Connector” on page 291)
5. USB ports connectors (for more details, see “USB Port Connector” on page 292)
6. PULSER/RECEIVER connectors (PR1, R1, PR2 and R2) for conventional UT probes (for more
details, see “LEMO Connectors” on page 290)
7. Digital Video Interface (DVI-I) connector (for more details, see “Digital Video Interface
(DVI) Connector” on page 293)
8. AC/DC adapter connector

8
1.4 Description of the Right-Side Panel
Here is a quick overview of the TOPAZ right-side panel.

Figure 1-4 TOPAZ Right-Side Panel

1
Right-side panel with battery compartment
opened

IMPORTANT: The right-side panel of the TOPAZ is splash-proof, unless the battery compartment cover is
opened.

1. Battery compartment door (for more details, see “Inserting or Removing Batteries” on
page 34)

9
10
2 Preparing the TOPAZ
This chapter explains the five steps required to prepare the TOPAZ for operation:
 Positioning the TOPAZ properly;
 Connecting the probes;
 Connecting scanners and encoders;
 Turning the TOPAZ ON and OFF;
 Connecting a TOPAZ to a workstation;
 Using the batteries.
You will also find information about the phased array UT probes connector adapters.

Warning If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by ZETEC, the protection
provided by the equipment may be impaired. Always refer to your user manual for
best practices.

2.1 Positioning the TOPAZ

The TOPAZ is a lightweight, portable instrument with multi-touch display. It can be
positioned on a table, on a cart, on the floor or carried by an operator using a shoulder strap.
However when positioning the instrument on the floor, make sure that it is properly placed
in order to avoid damage to the left-side panel connectors.

IMPORTANT: Always make sure that the instrument is positioned away from heat sources, and leave a
clearance of at least 5 cm (2 in.) around the unit to ensure proper air circulation around the
unit.

IMPORTANT: Although the instrument is battery operated you may connect it to a power outlet using a
power cord. Always make sure that the instrument is positioned close to the power outlet
so the power cord is not disconnected due to tension along the cord.

There are 2 stable positions to operate your TOPAZ:15° (using the bottom stand) and 45°
(using the back panel stand). These positions will ensure that your unit is secured in place.

11
Figure 2-1 TOPAZ Positioning: 15° and 45°
(15°) (45°)

For those positions to be stable, the associated stand (mechanical support) must be fully
opened to ensure mechanical stability required by the electrical security for the test and
measure equipments.

IMPORTANT: ZETEC does not approve any other operating position. If you wish to use the instrument in
any other position, you must make sure that the instrument is mechanically secure to
ensure personnel safety; ZETEC will not be held responsible for any danger or accident
which may result.

12
2.2 Setting Up the Probes
The TOPAZ 32/128 PR left-side panel presents one (1) phased array UT probe connector as
well as four (4) LEMO connectors for conventional UT probes.

Warning! It is the operator responsability to use ultrasonic transducers (either for

conventional UT or phased array UT) that are safe and compatible with your TOPAZ
unit.

Connecting a Phased Array UT Probe with TOPAZ Compatible Connector

To connect a phased array UT probe with a TOPAZ compatible connector:
1. Remove the protective cover of the phased array UT connector (left-side panel).
1 a. Move the latch from the lock to unlock position.
Protective cover of the connector is now free and can be removed.
2. Align the probe connector with the instrument left-side panel and lock it in place using
the latch.

13
Figure 2-2 Connecting a Phased Array UT Probe

Move the latch from the unlock to the

lock position

Caution The protective cover offers protection against dust and liquid ingress. You should
put the protective cover in place when there is no phased array UT probe
connected to the TOPAZ.

14
Connecting other Types of Phased Array UT Probe
Different types of adapters are available for connecting other probe types to your TOPAZ.
To connect an adapter to your TOPAZ:
1. Remove the protective cover from the phased array UT connector.
2. Align the adapter with the instrument left-side panel and lock it in place using the latch.
3. Align probe connector with the adapter and secure it in place.

Figure 2-3 Example: Connecting a Hypertronics Adapter Box

For more information on available adapters, see “Connection Adapters and Splitters” on
page 301.

15
Connecting Multiple Phased Array UT Probes
You can connect multiple phased array UT probes to your TOPAZ when using the
appropriate splitter device for pulse-echo or pitch-&-catch configurations. Your unit can
control any number of probes as long as the total number of elements of all your probes does
not exceed the total number of available channels of your system.
For more information on available splitter devices, see “Connection Adapters and Splitters”
on page 301.
Connecting Two (2) Phased Array UT Probes with TOPAZ Compatible Connectors
The multi-probe adapters are splitter boxes manufactured in robust metal housing that can
be mounted at the back of the TOPAZ unit.
To mount the adapter to the back of your unit:
1. Install the mounting plate.

IMPORTANT: Your TOPAZ has four (4) screw holes on its back panel. These holes are located according
to the VESA mounting interface standard.

1 a. Align the mounting plate with the back panel of your TOPAZ and insert the four (4)
mounting screws.

16
2. Slide the multi-probe adapter in place.

3. Remove the protective cover from the TOPAZ left-side panel phased array UT connector.
To remove the protective cover, make sure you set the safety latch at the unlock position.
4. Align the adapter cable connector with the instrument and lock it in place using the latch.

17
 To connect phased array UT probes to the multi-probe adapter:
1. Remove the connectors protective covers.
To remove the protective cover, make sure you set the safety latch at the unlock position.
2. Extend the mechanical support.

Mechanical Support

Caution If the mechanical support is not extended, it will be impossible to connect a

phased array UT probe to the multi-probe adapter.

Caution When mounted, the multi-probe adapters are blocking the TOPAZ back panel
stand. Therefore, the mechanical support replaces the back panel stand for a
secured position at 45° and thus protect the phased array UT probe connectors
from direct contact with a tabletop surface.

3. Align the phased array UT probe connector with the multi-probe adapter and lock it in
place using the latch.
The connection between the probes, multi-probe adapter and your TOPAZ is summarized in
the following image:

18
Figure 2-4 Multi-Probe Connections

19
 Connecting Two (2) Phased Array UT Probes with Hypertronics Connectors

In order to connect two probes with Hypertronics connectors:

1. Remove the protective cover from the front panel phased array UT connector.
2. Align the adapter cable connector with the instrument left-side panel and lock it in place
using the latch.

Figure 2-5 Connecting a DYNARAY Compatible Splitter Cable

3. Connect your phased array UT probes to the splitter cable.

20
2.3 Setting up Scanners and Encoders
Two different types of configurations can be considered for connecting scanning
mechanisms to the TOPAZ instrument:
 Encoded, manually driven scanning mechanisms with quadrature encoders (for example:
ZETEC’S Weld Crawler Scanner) can be connected to the I/O connector.
 Motorized scanning mechanisms with servomotors and quadrature encoders (for
example: the ZETEC’s Automated Weld Crawler) can be driven by ZETEC’s motor control
unit (ZMC4); in this case, the motor control unit can also be connected to the I/O
connector for encoder feedback. In this particular case, the TOPAZ can be used as a
remote data acquisition unit controlled by a computer (workstation). Refer to “Setting Up
a Workstation” on page 26 for more information on how to connect your TOPAZ to a
workstation.

Figure 2-6 Connecting an Encoded, Manually Driven Scanning Mechanism to the TOPAZ

Manual Scanner

IMPORTANT: When connecting a manual scanner to the TOPAZ via the I/O connector, you may have to
use an adapter cable depending on the pin-out of your manual scanner cable.

21
Figure 2-7 ZMC4: Connecting a Motorized Scanning Mechanism to the TOPAZ

Robot/Scanner

Encoder Cable
Motor Control Unit

TOPAZ Instrument

Figure 2-8 ZMC2: Connecting a Motorized Scanning Mechanism to the TOPAZ

Dedicated Ethernet
Connections
To Workstation

Robot/Scanner

Motor Control Unit Encoder Cable

TOPAZ Instrument

22
2.4 Working with Conventional UT Probes
The TOPAZ is designed for phased array UT inspections and conventional UT inspections
through four (4) connectors on its front panel. This design allows you to work with
conventional UT probes only or with a combination of conventional and phased array UT
probes.
Your TOPAZ supports pulse-echo, pitch-&-catch and TOFD inspection configurations with
conventional UT probes.

IMPORTANT: The conventional UT channels are totally independent from the phased array UT channels.
This allows you to keep the total phased array channels available (128) for the control of
your phased array probes.

The conventional UT connectors are protected by a cover when not in use. Just remove the
protective cover in order to connect your conventional UT probes.

Figure 2-9 Conventional UT Connectors

Connectors labeled PR1 and PR2 are used for both pulsing and receiving signals (pulse-echo or
pitch-&-catch) as the R1 and R2 connectors can only receive signals (not for pulse-echo).

23
2.5 Turning The TOPAZ ON or OFF
Starting up the TOPAZ

Caution If your TOPAZ has been exposed to low temperature for a long period of time (for
example, inside the baggage hold of an aircraft), condensation may form inside the
instrument. Hence, do not turn ON the TOPAZ until it has reach room temperature,
as the condensation remaining inside could damage the instrument. It is good
practice to let your TOPAZ unit reach room temperature before turning it on.

To start up your TOPAZ:

1. Verify that at least one battery, properly charged, is installed in the battery compartment.
Or
Plug the instrument power cord into the power outlet.
2. Press the ON/OFF switch

NOTE: When the TOPAZ is turned on, the power status indicator light will be illuminated green.

The TOPAZ start-up sequence is initiated.

Caution When turned on, it is good practice (although not necessary) to let your TOPAZ
unit warm-up for 10-20 minutes before using it.

Turning OFF your TOPAZ

To turn OFF your TOPAZ:
1. Go in the File Menu.

2. Tap Exit.
The unit will start the shutdown process during which it will store modifications to the
database. Once the unit is turned OFF, you can remove any connected probes and cables. You
can plug the instrument power cord in a power outlet to charge the batteries while your
TOPAZ is turned OFF.
3. If the TOPAZ is connected to a workstation, as a remote data acquisition unit, you must
first properly close the UltraVision® application (UltraVision Touch™ or UltraVision® 3) if
the software application is opened and linked to the instrument:

24
3 a. Save your current work document.
3 b. Close UltraVision Touch or UltraVision 3.
3 c. Tap the Shutdown button on the TOPAZ screen for the unit to power down. The
ON/OFF switch can also be used to turn off the instrument in the unlikely case it
should “freeze”; press and hold the ON/OFF switch for 2-3 seconds in order for the
unit to power down.

25
2.6 Setting Up a Workstation
The TOPAZ is a fully-integrated high-performance phased array UT device with an
embedded software (UltraVision Touch™) that act as a stand alone unit that you can bring
anywhere. You can also use the TOPAZ as a remote data acquisition instrument by
connecting it to a workstation. Your instrument is then controlled by software installed on
your computer, either UltraVision Touch or UltraVision 3.
The link between the TOPAZ and your workstation is done via Ethernet connections. The
TOPAZ parameters and settings are controlled by the workstation, and it can also control a
motor control unit this way. This section illustrates the various configurations available.

Basic Connection Rules and Recommendations

Before setting up a TOPAZ in a network, there are certain rules and recommendations that
you should follow:
 The TOPAZ is equipped with one Ethernet adapter (1000Base-T). You shall make sure
that the workstation linked to the TOPAZ is equipped with a networking card at least as
fast. For more details about these connectors, see “Gigabyte Ethernet Connector” on
page 291.
 The workstation should have a networking card and network dedicated to the TOPAZ.
 The length of the Ethernet cable (CAT6) used in a TOPAZ network should not exceed
100 meters. If you need to use longer cables, you will also need to use repeaters or
boosters to ensure signal integrity.

Connecting to a Workstation
The TOPAZ is controlled by a remote PC (laptop or desktop) through an Ethernet cable link.
A laptop is recommended for field work.

Figure 2-10 Basic TOPAZ/Workstation Connection

Workstation Dedicated Ethernet TOPAZ Instrument

Connection

26
Connecting to a Workstation and a Motor Control Unit
You can also use your TOPAZ for automated inspections by adding a motor control unit (like
the ZMC4 from ZETEC) to your connection scheme.

Figure 2-11 TOPAZ/Workstation/ZMC4 Connection

Dedicated Ethernet
Connection

Workstation
Motor Control Unit Encoder Cable

TOPAZ Instrument

27
Figure 2-12 TOPAZ/Workstation/ZMC2 Connection
Dedicated Ethernet
Connection

Workstation
Motor Control Unit Encoder Cable

TOPAZ Instrument

28
TOPAZ Settings for Workstation Connection
In order to connect your unit to a workstation and use UltraVision 3 as the acquisition
software, you first need to set the network parameters of your TOPAZ.
To set your network parameters:
1. Go in the Tools menu.
2. Tap Remote & Network.
3. Select Configure Network.
The TOPAZ Network Configuration window appears.
4. Set an IP Address and Subnet mask compatible with your workstation Ethernet card.
4 a. In the IP Address box, enter an IP address in the following format: n1.n2.n3.n4
4 b. In the Subnet mask box, enter a subnet mask in the following format: x1.x2.x3.0
The IP address and subnet mask of the TOPAZ must be compatible with your
workstation Ethernet card TCP/IPv4 (internet protocal version 4 settings)
configuration. For example, if your workstation Ethernet card as the following IP
address and subnet mask: 100.90.0.1 and 255.255.0.0. Your TOPAZ IP address
should be set with an IP address and subnet mask of the following format:
100.90.n3.n4 and 255.255.0.0. Notice that the subnet mask values are the same. For
the IP address, the first two numbers are 100 and 90, and the last two numbers (n3
and n4) can be set to any value between 1 and 255.

NOTE: It is good practice to keep the same first 3 numbers as the workstation Ethernet card and
set the instrument last number (n4) as being your (“workstation Ethernet card-n4” + 1).

5. Tap Close.
6. Make sure your unit is properly connected to your workstation.
7. Tap Remote & Network.
8. Select Reboot Remote Mode.
Your TOPAZ starts the reboot sequence in order to work as a remote acquisition unit.
9. When your unit as completed the reboot process, the TOPAZ display will show a white
screen with the mention TOPAZ Remote Mode.
10. Start UltraVision 3 and click Connect to Instrument.
11. Select the TOPAZ and click OK.
You can now work with your TOPAZ as a remote data acquisition unit controlled by
UltraVision 3.

29
Network Configuration
The TOPAZ remote mode allows you to modify your network parameters if necessary.
To modify your network configuration in remote mode:
1. If your TOPAZ display is down, simply tap on it to turn it back ON.
2. Tap Network Configuration.
The TOPAZ Network Configuration window appears.
3. Perform the necessary modifications and tap Close.

30
Shutting Down your Unit in Remote Mode

Caution For your TOPAZ to properly shutdown when in remote mode, it is important to
follow this procedure.

To shutdown your TOPAZ when in remote mode:

1. If your TOPAZ display is down, simply tap on it to turn it back ON.
2. Tap Shutdown.
This starts the shutdown process of your TOPAZ.

IMPORTANT: When you will restart your unit, it will automatically be in remote mode, i.e. the last mode
used. To restart in standard mode (see “Restarting in Standard Mode” on page 31).

Restarting in Standard Mode

To restart your TOPAZ in the standard operation mode:
1. If your TOPAZ display is down, simply tap on it to turn it back ON.
2. Tap Reboot Standard Mode.
The reboot process is started.

31
Connecting your TOPAZ to a Network
You can connect your TOPAZ to a computer linked to a network. In this case, it is
recommended to use a workstation equipped with two (2) network cards.

Figure 2-13 TOPAZ Network

Dedicated Ethernet
Connection
Workstation

TOPAZ Instrument

32
 You can also add a motor control unit to the network.

Figure 2-14 Basic TOPAZ Network with Motor Control Unit

Dedicated Ethernet
Connections

Workstation
Motor Control Unit Encoder Cable

TOPAZ Instrument

33
2.7 Batteries
The TOPAZ is a lightweight, battery-operated unit that uses power from Lithium-Ion
batteries or from a DC power adapter. The battery compartment can hold up two batteries.
However, the unit can operate with only one battery installed.

Warning Your unit uses Li-Ion batteries (Voltage 10.8V, Capacity 7800mAh). Only approved
battery must be used.

Inserting or Removing Batteries

Warning Except during hot swap, both smart batteries must inserted in the instrument to
ensure uninterrupted operation when the instrument is turned ON. During storage
for long period of time, ZETEC recommend removing the batteries from the
instrument.

To insert a battery:
1. Open the battery compartment door.
2. To insert a battery, align the groove on the battery with the small edge inside the battery
compartment.

34
Figure 2-15 How to Insert your Batteries

3. Close the battery compartment door.

When the DC power adapter is properly connected, the batteries will recharge inside the
TOPAZ. The recharging process starts automatically when the adapter is connected. You can
also recharge your batteries using the external battery charger provided.
To remove a battery:
1. Open the battery compartment door.
2. Pull the battery out by using the tab.

NOTE: The TOPAZ will charge batteries even if turned OFF, given the AC/DC adapter is properly
connected.

35
Battery Status Indicator Light
Information on the battery status is displayed on the front panel of the TOPAZ. The battery
status indicator light display the charging status and the power level of the batteries inserted
in your unit. There is one (1) light for both batteries.

Figure 2-16 Battery Status Indicator Light

The following table presents the detailed information provided by the battery status indicator
light.

Table 1 Battery Status Indicator Light Information

Power Gauge Indicator Status Meaning

Light is OFF The instrument is turned OFF.

Solid red light The instrument is turned ON and connected

to the AC/DC adapter with no batteries in the
unit.

Blinking red light The total power left in the inserted batteries
(B1+B2) is less than 10%.

Solid yellow light The total power left in the inserted batteries
(B1+B2) is between 10% and 50%.

Solid green light The total power left in the inserted batteries
(B1+B2) is greater than 50%.

Blinking green light The instrument is turned ON and connected

to the AC/DC adapter and the inserted
batteries are charging.

The TOPAZ embedded user interface also displays status of each individual battery.

36
Getting the Most out of your Batteries
Discharging
The runtime of your smart battery will be reduced if it is operated below room temperature.
Runtime is not increased by increasing the temperature, but it will reduce the overall life of
your battery. The electronic fuel gauge and protection circuitry in your smart battery are
specifically designed to use minimal power, thus leaving the maximum energy available for
use by the host device.
Battery Fuel Meter
Your smart battery employs a fuel meter that is always active unless the battery is in
shutdown mode and shows up to 5 charge levels:
 Between 81 and 100% charge, all 5 levels are displayed
 Between 61 and 80% charge, 4 levels are displayed
 Between 41 and 60% charge, 3 levels are displayed
 Between 21 and 40% charge, 2 levels are displayed
 Between 1 and 20% charge, 1 level is displayed
Storage
Optimum storage is achieved at room temperature. Elevated temperatures will reduce storage
life. Smart Li Ion batteries are shipped with 30 - 50% remaining capacity to give at least 6
months shelf life at room temperature before the electronics go into shutdown mode. It is
recommended that the battery is periodically recharged if long storage is required without
the electronics going into shutdown mode.
Battery Life
The smart battery is designed to provide 300 full charge/discharge cycles at room
temperature and under normal discharge rates. If the smart battery is not fully discharged
each time, the number of cycles available over life will increase.
Safety
Lithium Ion cells contain a tremendous amount of stored energy. They require protection to
ensure that this energy is always delivered in a controlled manner. The smart battery features
passive and active electronics with multiple levels of redundancy to ensure that the battery
remains safe in all failure modes.

37
 Excessive temperatures will cause cell failure. Smart batteries feature devices which will
prevent further charge or discharge if exposed to high temperatures. This protection device
will re-set when the temperature is lowered. There is also a thermal fuse, which will
permanently shut down the battery if it is exposed to excessive temperatures.

Warning! Batteries should not be exposed to moisture or rain as doing so may result in an
electrical shock or irreversible damage to the batteries that can be harmful.

Disposing of Used Battery

Although a Lithium-Ion battery does not contain environmentally hazardous materials (like
lead or cadmium), the battery should be disposed according to local laws and regulations.
Batteries should always be disposed in their discharged state to avoid heating.

Warning!  Never use a battery that appears to have suffered abuse and/or present external
damages from a drop, a hit or other. This may result in exposing the cell
contents, which are corrosive and may explode.
 Never incinerate a battery. Keep battery away from fire or other sources of
extreme heat. Exposure of batteries to extreme heat may result in an explosion.
 Do not short-circuit the battery terminals. A short-circuit may cause severe
damage to the battery.
 Always remove the batteries from the TOPAZ for storage and/or shipping.

38
3 UltraVision Touch™: Embedded
User Interface
This chapter explains the embedded user interface of the TOPAZ unit: UltraVision Touch™.
The TOPAZ is a fully-integrated unit that can be run as a stand alone unit thanks to multi-
touch screen and UltraVision Touch software.

NOTE: Although the TOPAZ is designed to operate as a stand alone unit, you can also connect it
to a workstation and use either UltraVision 3 or UltraVision Touch to control it.

UltraVision Touch is the dedicated software interface embedded in your TOPAZ unit that
allows you to run it with a touchscreen. It provides an enhanced user experience by allowing
you to interact with your instrument just like you would with a smart-phone or tablet.
UltraVision Touch is designed to help you navigate the interface easily, smoothly and
efficiently.

39
3.1 UltraVision Touch: Start-Up
Starting up the TOPAZ

Caution  If your TOPAZ has been exposed to low temperature for a long period
of time (for example, inside the baggage hold of an aircraft),
condensation may form inside the instrument. Hence, do not turn ON
the TOPAZ until it has reach room temperature, as the condensation
remaining inside could damage the instrument.
 It is good practice to let your TOPAZ unit reach room temperature
before turning it on.

To start up your TOPAZ:

1. Verify that at least one battery, properly charged, is installed in the battery compartment.
Or
Plug the instrument power cord into the power outlet.
2. Press the ON/OFF switch

NOTE: When the TOPAZ is turned on, the power status indicator light will be illuminated green.

The TOPAZ start-up sequence is initiated.

Caution When turned on, it is good practice (although not necessary) to let your TOPAZ
unit warm-up for 10-20 minutes before using it.

40
3.2 User Interface
Once the TOPAZ start-up sequence is completed, the UltraVision Touch user interface
appears. The following pages explain the UltraVision Touch specific elements.

UltraVision Touch Main Window

Figure 3-1 UltraVision Touch Main Window

Device Status
Gain Setting Information Information Fields
Display Option

File
Information

Shortcuts
Data Display Area

Channel &
Beam
Selection

Sub-menus
Menu Selection
Parameters & Controls

The main window contains the following elements:

File Information
Displays the name of the active file opened in UltraVision Touch.
Gain Setting
Displays the current channel gain (hardware gain).

41
 To modify the gain:
1. Tap Gain.
A value modification toolbar appears; showing a “minus”, a “plus” and a “calculator”.
2. Tap “plus” to add software gain.
or
Tap “minus” to remove software gain.
or
Tap “calculator” to display a numerical keypad to enter an exact software gain value.
When using the “plus” or “minus” button, you can adjust the value of the increment by
clicking on the “increment” button. It will allow you to modify the increment value: 0.5, 1.0
or 6.0 dB.
Device Status Information
This section of the main window provides you with information about the TOPAZ status
such as battery charge, position encoder (scan- and index-axis), etc.
Information Fields
Displays selectable/customizable information fields about your data, cursor position,
encoders, etc.
Display Option
Tapping this button hides or displays portion of the main window in order to maximize or
minimize the current data views (see Figure 3-2).

42
Figure 3-2 Display Option

The button appearance changes according to what the general look of your TOPAZ display
will be after tapping this button.

43
 Menu Selection
Displays the current menu item selected. Pressing the Menu Selection button displays the list
of menus available by pressing on the desired item. You can also change menu by pressing the
Previous or Next button located at each end of the sub-menu tabs, allowing you to go to the
previous or next menu in the menu selection list (see Figure 3-3).

Figure 3-3 Menu Selection

Sub-menus
For each menu, sub-menus divide the parameters & functions available in groups. You can
change sub-menu by pressing the appropriate tab or by “flicking” through the parameters
(see Figure 3-4).

44
Figure 3-4 Sub-menus Selection: Pressing or Flicking

NOTE: For more information on the touch controls of your TOPAZ, see “Using the Touch
Controls” on page 305

Parameters & Controls

The parameters & controls section gives you access to tools, options, parameters, controls,
functions and information for a specific operation.

45
Changing the Display Theme
The TOPAZ is a portable unit that you can take anywhere and depending on the lighting
conditions, you can adjust the display theme to adjust the color “contrast”.
To change the display theme:
1. Once the TOPAZ is started, tap Menu Selection and select Tools.
2. Tap Toggle Theme.
OR
Press the Toggle Theme shortcut button.
The color scheme contrast is now changed to its new theme and display brightness is also
optimized.

Figure 3-5 Display Color Themes: (a) Theme #1 & (b) Theme #2

(a) (b)

Changing the Display Language

You can change the language TOPAZ uses to display various information within the user
interface.
To change the display language:
1. Once the TOPAZ is started, tap Menu Selection and select Tools.
2. Tap Options.
The Options window appears.
3. In the System section, select your preferred language from the available list.

46
3.3 Managing your Files
UltraVision Touch manages a number of different file types. The following pages will explain
what each of these files represent, and how to open, save and close them.

Supported Files
In this section you will find information about the file types that TOPAZ can open via the
Open or Load commands.
Table 2 gives the name and extension, as well as a description of each file type supported by
TOPAZ.

Table 2 File types supported by TOPAZ

Name (extension) Icon Description

Display setup (.UVDisplay) Layout and system preferences.

Hardware setup (.UVSetup) Configuration of the acquisition

instrument. The TOPAZ is fully compatible
(within the system specification limits) with
.UVSetup files created with UltraVision 3.

Data (.UVData) Acquisition data file. Contains display and

acquisition setup information.

Extension file (.UVExtension) Data modified in analysis and associated to

the protected .UVData file. The processing
or modifications can be performed by
UltraVision Touch or when the data file is
opened with UltraVision 3.

Portable Document Format Report file format created by the reporting

file (.PDF) function and can be transferred to a
workstation for review.

Portable Network Graphic Screen capture file format created by the

Format (.PNG) save screen function and can be transferred
to a workstation for review.

Figure 3-6 illustrates the content and organization of the files supported natively by TOPAZ.

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Figure 3-6 TOPAZ File Organization

48
File Directories
In this section you will find information about the location on the TOPAZ hard drive where
the supported files are stored (see Figure 3-7).
The TOPAZ stores your files in 6 default directories:
 Setups
 Layouts
 Data
 Screens
 Reports
 Database

Figure 3-7 TOPAZ Directories

TOPAZ

Setups Layouts Data

.UVSetup .UVDisplay .UVData .UVExtension

Screens Database Reports

Probes and Wedges
Database
.PNG (.XML) .PDF

49
Opening Data Files
To open a data file in TOPAZ:
1. Tap Menu Selection.
2. Select File.
3. Tap Open Data.
OR
Tap Open Data in Shortcuts section (left side of the screen).
The Open Data dialog box appears.

Figure 3-8 The Open Data dialog box

4. In the list of available files, tap on the desired data file.

5. Tap Accept.
The TOPAZ opens the selected file.

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Opening Setup Files
To open a setup file in TOPAZ:
1. Tap Menu Selection.
2. Select File.
3. Tap Load Setup.
OR
Tap Load Setup in Shortcuts section (left side of the screen).
OR
Press the Load Setup shortcut button.
The Load Setup dialog box appears.

Figure 3-9 The Load Setup dialog box

4. In the list of available files, tap on the desired setup file.

5. Tap Accept.
The TOPAZ loads the selected file.

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3.4 Managing your Data Display
UltraVision Touch is a comprehensive user interface that manages UT and phased array UT
signal acquisition, displays real-time imaging of these signals, and provides data analysis
tools. Along with A-scan view, UltraVision Touch offers several other 2D signal
representation based on the color-coded amplitude of the signals, i.e. Top(C), End(D) and
Side(B) views.
These views are graphical representation of the data (live or in analysis). They are displayed
in the data display area. UltraVision Touch offers predefined display layouts adapted to
common inspection configuration.

Data Display Settings

When tapping in a data display, the View Settings toolbar appears above the selected view. It
allows you to select which cursor you will move in your view, maximize the view, set the
different view properties and select your data display layout.

Figure 3-10 View Settings Toolbar

The View Settings toolbar contains the following:

This key selects the Law cursor as the active cursor in a VC sectorial scan view.
When placing your finger over the cursor, it will move according to your “swipe”
motion within the limits of the displayed data.
This key selects the Data cursor as the active cursor in the view. This cursor is
only available in analysis mode. Moving the Data cursor updates the A-scan and
VC sectorial scan views. It allows you to select the location of the current A-scan
and/or VC sectorial scan views.
This key selects the reference cursor as the active cursor in the view. When
placing you finger over the cursor, it will move according to your “swipe” motion
within the limits of the displayed data.
This key selects the measurement cursor as the active cursor in the view. When
placing you finger over the cursor, it will move according to your “swipe” motion
within the limits of the displayed data.
This key maximizes the current view, i.e. current data view is expanded over the
entire data display area. Tap again to minimize the view and return to current
display layout.

52
 This key opens the View Properties dialog box. It enables you to change axis
properties (direction, units, precision) and other view settings like the applied
color palette.
This key opens the layout selection dialog box showing the list of predefined
layout configuration. Simply tap on a desired selection to modify your display
layout.

Changing your Display Layout

To change your display layout:
1. Tap once in a view.
2. In the View Settings toolbar, tap on the layout selection button.
The layout selection window appears.

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Figure 3-11 Layout Selection Dialog Box

NOTE: Depending on inspection configuration, the list of available display layouts may vary. To
view all available layouts, swipe up or down to scroll through the selection.

3. Select the display layout more suitable for your inspection.

The display layout is automatically changed to reflect your selection.

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Customizing your Data Display
The UltraVision Touch interface of your TOPAZ also allows you to define custom display
layout.
To customize your display layout:
1. Go to the Layout menu.
This menu gives you access to tools which can either erase the entire view pane, erase the
selected view (pane is still available) or split the selected view in multiple pane to be filled
with views of your choosing.
2. To delete the entire view pane, tap Delete View.
The view is removed and the newly available space is filled by the other existing views.
3. To empty view (leaving the pane empty), tap Empty View.
The data display is removed, leaving an empty pane.
4. To split a view pane, tap Split View.
It opens a list of view splitting options.

Figure 3-12 View Splitting Options

To assign a data display to an empty view pane:

1. Tap once in a view.
1 a. In the View Settings toolbar, tap on the view properties button.
The View Properties window appears.

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Figure 3-13 View Properties Window

1 b. Tap View Type.

A list of available views appears.

Figure 3-14 List of Available Views

1 c. Select the desired view for the current empty pane.

1 d. Adjust the other View Properties parameters.
1 e. Tap Close.
2. Repeat for all empty view panes.

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 You now have a custom display layout.

Importing or Exporting Display Layouts

The UltraVision Touch interface of your TOPAZ allows you to import or export display
layout files (.UVDisplay).
Importing a Display Layout

To load a display layout:

1. Go to the Layout menu.
2. Tap Load Layout.
A standard Open window appears allowing you to select the display layout file of your
choice. The layout file could have been created on another TOPAZ unit or with
UltraVision 3.
Exporting a Display Layout

To load a display layout:

1. Go to the Layout menu.
2. Tap Save Layout.
A standard Save window appears allowing you to select the display layout file of your
choice. The layout file can be transfered to another TOPAZ unit or to UltraVision 3.

Moving the Data, Reference and Measurement Cursors

To move any cursor in your data display, you can select it in the View Settings toolbar and
drag it over the display at the desired location. For convenience, you can also use the cursor
bumpers on each side of the display.
Data Cursor Bumper

57
 For a more accurate control, the directional arrows of the Cursors sub-menu (Layout menu)
can be used. Tap the arrows in order to Move Left, Move Right, Move Down or Move Up the
selected cursor (Type parameter) and according to the number of samples (data pixels)
defined at the Step.

Move Up

Move Down

Move Left Move Right

Move Up

Move Down

Move Left Move Right

NOTE: When the Cursors sub-menu is displayed, you can move the selected cursor using a
keyboard by holding “Shift” and tapping on a direction arrow.

58
3.5 Managing Your Options
The UltraVision Touch interface allows you to configure application-wide preferences such
as unit system to be used, amplitude mode or report preferences.
To modify your options:
1. Go to the Tools menu.
This menu gives you access to different functions such has Screen Capture, File
Manager...
2. Tap Options.
The Options window appears.

Figure 3-15 Options Window

The left-side of the window present the different groups of parameters and the right-side,
the parameters themselves.

Changing the Unit System

To change the unit system:
1. Tap Options.
2. Select System.
3. Tap Unit.
You have the choice between Metric and Imperial.
4. Tap Accept.

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Changing User Interface
When controlling your TOPAZ as a remote data acquisition unit and using UltraVision 3,
you can switch from the standard UltraVision 3 and UltraVision Touch user interface.
To change user interface mode, tap Interface and select between Standard or Touch and tap
Accept or use the keyboard shortcut “CTRL+/”.

Modifying Amplitude Options

The TOPAZ unit offers 16-bit amplitude resolution which allows you to either register
amplitude between 0-800% FSH or take full advantage of software gain.
To set the amplitude manipulation mode:
1. Tap Options.
2. Select Amplitude.

Figure 3-16 Amplitude Options

3. Tap Amplitude Range.

You can select the range of amplitude that will be stored (0-100% to 0-800%)
4. Tap Amplitude Manipulation Mode.
You can select between FSH or Soft-Gain.
You can also set the Autoset Target amplitude value.
Once you have completed your modification, tap Accept to close the Options window.

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Amplitude Manipulation Mode: Soft-Gain or FSH?
The amplitude of 16-bit data is encoded 65,536 levels, from base level to full saturation. In
order to mitigate the risk of irrecoverable signal saturation, UltraVision Touch allows
defining the percentage scale associated with the amplitude encoding levels (0-100%, 0-
200%, 0-400% or 0-800%). This allows you to record signals that have amplitude within the
selected Amplitude Range.
In addition, the Color Palette toolbar offers two other software options for taking advantage
of the 16-bit amplitude resolution.
Software Gain (Soft-Gain)
Soft-Gain is an amplification gain computed by UltraVision Touch that can be added or
removed according to your data signal amplitude. You can use that gain instead of actual
hardware gain, providing you a “safety net” against signal saturation (Soft-Gain can be
removed in analysis to review the raw data).
When Soft-Gain is selected, you have access to a software gain/color palette toolbar that
appears when you tap in a view.

NOTE: In an A-Scan view, the color palette is not displayed in the toolbar as it applies only on
color-coded views such as Top(C), Side(B), End(D) and Sectorial views.

Figure 3-17 Software Gain/Color Palette Toolbar

Amplitude Ruler

Color palette limit cursors

Soft-Gain button
Applied color palette

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 To modify the software gain:
1. Tap Soft-Gain.
A value modification toolbar appears; showing a “minus”, a “plus” and a “calculator”.
2. Tap “plus” to add software gain.
or
Tap “minus” to remove software gain.
or
Tap “calculator” to display a numerical keypad to enter an exact software gain value.
When using the “plus” or “minus” button, you can adjust the value of the increment by
clicking on the “increment” button. It will allow you to modify the increment value: 0.5, 1.0
or 6.0 dB.

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 FSH
This particular mode allows you to modify the range of the amplitude ruler and also the
range of the color palette in the same process. This manipulation is done through the FSH/
color palette toolbar that appears when you tap in a view.

NOTE: In an A-Scan view, the color palette is not displayed in the toolbar as it applies only on
color-coded views such as Top(C), Side(B), End(D) and Sectorial views.

Figure 3-18 Software Gain/Color Palette Toolbar

Amplitude Ruler

Color palette limit cursors

FSH button
Applied color palette

To modify the views amplitude ruler range:

1. Tap FSH.
A list of FSH ranges appears.

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Figure 3-19 FSH Selection list

2. Select the desired amplitude scale range.

Once selected, this scale range is also applied to the color palette.

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 FSH Amplitude Manipulation Mode Example
As an example, consider the following situation where you have to add 12 dB to your
reference gain for your inspection scan. If some indication were to be close to 100% FSH at
reference gain level (see Figure 3-20), these signals will be fully saturated.
In order to avoid this situation, set the amplitude manipulation with the following
parameters:

These settings allow the TOPAZ to easily handle signals up to 400% FSH. When returning to
your signal, it still displays a near saturation amplitude.

Figure 3-20 Signal Near Saturation at Reference Gain (91.9% at 7 dB)

Now, for your inspection you add 12 dB to the reference gain. Your previous signal now
shows an amplitude above 100%FSH.

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Figure 3-21 Signal Amplitude Over 100% FSH (361.2% at 19 dB)

If you modify your amplitude ruler scale, it allows you to see the entire signal amplitude.

Figure 3-22 Signal Amplitude Over 100% FSH (361.2% at 19 dB)

NOTE: The Amplitude Range parameter allows you to handle signals up to 800% FSH.

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 Color Palette Manipulation
You can use the color palette limit cursors to “compress” the color palette or directly tap in
the palette.

Figure 3-23 Single Tap Color Palette Modification

Double tap in the white area to return color palette

default range

Here’s the list of “tap” action you can perform with the color palette:
 With palette cursors at 0% and 100%:
• Tap once between the cursors: limit cursors are set to 50% and 100%
• Tap again between the cursors: limit cursors are set to 75% and 100%
 Tap under the lower limit cursor: limit cursors are set to 0% and 100% (default positions)

Amplitude and Color Palette Manipulation Using the Palette Sub-Menu

These manipulations can also be performed in the Palette sub-menu of the Layout menu.

Figure 3-24 Palette Sub-Menu

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68
4 Working with UltraVision Touch™
UltraVision Touch is an integrated UT and phased array UT inspection package that manages
signal acquisition, displays real-time imaging of these signals, and provides online as well as
off-line data analysis. UltraVision Touch offers many advanced features and tools that
improve the efficiency of UT inspections.
UltraVision Touch interface is organized to help you tackle your inspection through a series
of simple steps:
If you have to create a new inspection configuration:
1. Create your specimen:
For more information, see “Creating your Specimen” on page 70.
2. Set your channel settings:
• Set your probe parameters;
• Define and generate your focal laws (for phased array applications).
For more information, see “Defining your Channel Settings” on page 84 and “Using the
Calculator” on page 111.
3. Define your ultrasound settings
4. Define your inspection sequence (mechanical settings)
5. Define your display layout
6. Perform signal calibration
For more information, see “Performing a Calibration” on page 199.
7. Perform data acquisition
For more information, see “Performing the Inspection” on page 191.
8. Store your data
For more information, see“Starting and Saving Acquisition” on page 194.
9. Perform data analysis and reporting
For more information, see “Analysis and Reporting” on page 241.
OR
 Load an already created setup file
For more information, see “Managing your Files” on page 47.

This chapter explains the basic software operations to define your specimen and generate
your focal laws.

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4.1 Creating your Specimen
Your specimen is the starting point of your work. In UltraVision Touch, properly defining
your specimen is essential for:
 Focal law calculations;
 Indication positioning;
 Define view overlays;
 3D data visualization when you open your files in UltraVision 3.

NOTE: In UltraVision 3, some additional parameters may need to be specified for proper display
of your data in 3D views.

To set your specimen characteristics:

1. Tap once on the Menu selection button and select Specimen.

Figure 4-1 Selecting the Specimen Menu

It gives you access to functions and parameters allowing you to define and use your
specimen.
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Figure 4-2 Specimen Menu Functions and Parameters

Read-only parameters

2. Select your specimen Geometry.

The Shape Editor window appears.

Figure 4-3 Shape Editor Window

Specimen representation Specimen parameters

The Shape Editor window is divided in two (2) sections:

 Specimen representation:
A static 3D representation of the specimen according to the current specimen parameters
provides visual aids for your inspection (current location of origin, scan and index axes
orientation, etc.).

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Figure 4-4 Shape Editor Window - Visual Aids
Scan axis

Reference
location

Index axis

You can also display rotated static views of your specimen by tapping on Projected Plan. It
allows you to visualize ISO (default), Top, Side and End views of your component.
 Specimen parameters:
The list of parameters according to the current selection of shape and weld types.
3. Tap once on Shape Type to select between Plate or Pipe:
• If you select Plate, go to step 4.
• If you select Pipe, go to step 5.
4. If you selected Plate:
4 a. Set the Thickness.
Tap once on Thickness and a numerical keypad appears.

Figure 4-5 Thickness Numerical Keypad

4 b. Type-in the desired thickness and tap Enter.

or
Use the Touch-knob to increase (clockwise motion) or decrease (counter-clockwise
motion) to the desired value and press the accept key.

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 4 c. Go to Step 6.
5. If you selected Pipe:
The Shape Editor window content is modified for pipe parameters.

Figure 4-6 Shape Editor Window for Pipe Geometry

5 a. Set Outside Diameter

Tap once on Outside Diameter and a numerical keypad appears.

Figure 4-7 Outside Diameter Numerical Keypad

5 b. Type-in the desired outside diameter and tap Enter.

or
Use the Touch-knob to increase (clockwise motion) or decrease (counter-clockwise
motion) to the desired value and press the accept key.
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 5 c. Set Thickness (or Inside Diameter)
Tap once on Thickness (or Inside Diameter) and a numerical keypad appears.

Figure 4-8 Thickness Numerical Keypad

5 d. Type-in the desired thickness (or inside diameter) and tap Enter.
or
Use the Touch-knob to increase (clockwise motion) or decrease (counter-clockwise
motion) to the desired value and press the accept key.
Setting the thickness or the inside diameter will automatically adjust the other as a
function of the current Outside Diameter value.
5 e. Specify if you are performing an Inspection From OD or ID.
This selection will influence the focal law calculations in phased array UT
configurations (curvature of the wedge)
5 f. Define if you Scan Orientation (scan axis) is either Circular or Axial.
This parameter will also influence the focal law calculations in phased array UT
configurations (orientation of wedge curvature: along primary or secondary axis)
5 g. Go to Step 6.
6. If needed, define a weld:
6 a. Select a weld shape by tapping once on Weld Type.
This opens a list of available weld shapes.

74
Figure 4-9 Available Weld Types

6 b. Tap once on your desired weld profile.

The Shape Editor window is updated with a set of weld profile parameters
according to your selection.
If Custom is selected, a standard Load window appears allowing you to select a DXF
file fitting your desired weld profile.

NOTE: For more information on weld profile parameters convention, review “Welded
Specimens Parameters Convention” on page 313.

7. For a Plate specimen, you need to define if your Scan Orientation is Along Weld or
Across Weld (see “Welded Specimen: Scan Orientation and Skew Angle” on page 76).
or
For a Pipe specimen, you need to define if your Weld Orientation is circumferential
(Circular) or Axial.
The scan or weld orientation does not impact focal law calculations. However, it will help
position your indications and properly display specimen overlay on your views (for more
information, see “Using Specimen Overlays” on page 81).
8. To implement your defined specimen and close the Shape Editor window, tap Accept.
or
Tap Cancel to close the Shape Editor window without applying any modification
performed to the specimen.
You now have a generated specimen that will be taken into account for various calculations
and data representation.

75
IMPORTANT: The (0, 0, 0) position of your specimen is by default defined in the middle of the weld
center line of component when a weld is present.
For components without a weld, the (0, 0, 0) position is set to either a corner (for plates) or
an edge (for cylinders) of the component.

Welded Specimen: Scan Orientation and Skew Angle

When defining a welded plate specimen, you need to specify the scanning direction as per
the weld orientation. This parameter is call Scan Orientation.
On a welded plate, you can define your scan axis orientation as Along or Across the weld.
Along the Weld
In this particular case, the scan axis is parallel to the weld.

Figure 4-10 Scanning Along the Weld

Scan axis

Probe motion parallel to the weld axis

The probe is facing the weld. In the example shown in Figure 4-10, the probe primary axis is
perpendicular to the scan axis and the probe skew angle, to be entered in the Calculator, is
either 90° or 270° depending on which side of the weld the probe is. For more information on
skew angle conventions, see “Total Skew Angle” on page 318.

76
 Across the Weld
When the scan axis is defined as across the weld, it is a similar situation as an inspection
performed manually in conventional UT when the probe is moved toward the weld. Here, the
scan axis is perpendicular to the weld.

Figure 4-11 Scanning Across the Weld

Scan axis

Probe motion perpendicular to the weld axis

In this case the probe is again facing the weld. In the example shown in Figure 4-11, the probe
primary axis is parallel to the scan axis and the probe shew angle, to be entered in the
Calculator, is either 0° or 180° depending on which side of the weld the probe is. The scan
axis is perpendicular to the weld center line.

77
Defining your Material
Once your specimen shape and weld profile are defined, you need to specify its base material.
This automatically defines the sound velocities for longitudinal (LW) and transverse (SW)
waves. The sound velocity is used for the focal law calculations (for phased array UT
configurations) but also to define the rulers of your data display.
To define the base material of your specimen:
1. Tap on Material.
The material database window appears. It contains a list of different materials with
commonly associated sound velocities (for LW and SW).

Figure 4-12 Material Database Window

Use one finger in a flick motion to scroll through the material list.
2. Tap once on the desired material.
The selected material becomes highlighted blue.
3. Tap Accept to close the material database window and confirm your selection.
In the Specimen menu, the LW Velocity and SW Velocity fields are updated with the
selected material.
Managing your Material Database
The default material database content is quite extensive and the different velocities associated
with each material are the one commonly seen in the literature. However, you might want to
add a new material to the list.
To manage the material database:
1. Tap Material.
2. Select Edit.
The Material Editor window appears

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Figure 4-13 Material Editor Window

3. To define the material parameters, simply tap on the appropriate row and enter the probe:
3 a. Name

CAUTION If you wish to manually define materials for the material database, make sure you
enter appropriate material names that do not duplicate one already defined in the
database.

3 b. Longitudinal Velocity.
3 c. Shear Velocity.
4. Tap Accept.
The Material Editor window closes and the new material parameters are now uploaded.
5. In the material database window, tap Manage.
The material manager window appears.

Figure 4-14 Material Manager Window

6. Tap Add.
The user defined material is added to the list and included in the material database.

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 7. To close the material database manager window and return to the material database
listing, tap Done.
or
To close the material data manager and return to the general user interface, tap Close.
Your manually defined material is now added to the material database and can be directly
selected in the database for future configurations.
You can also remove custom material from the probe database manager window.

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Using Specimen Overlays
When looking at a live signal or performing data analysis, it is often useful to apply an overlay
on your data display that represent your specimen. It provides a visual aid when it comes to
understanding the location of an indication and what it could be.
To apply a specimen overlay:
1. Make sure your specimen is properly defined.
2. In the Specimen menu, tap Overlay and select the number of overlays to be displayed
(representing the legs or half-skips).

Figure 4-15 Specimen Overlay Example

Overlay #1

Overlay #2

Modifying the Overlay Appearance

To optimize your overlay display, the Overlay sub-menu provides access to appearance
settings such as color and line thicknesses for various areas represented by your overlay.

Figure 4-16 Overlay Sub-Menu

NOTE: The Weld button is only available if a weld is defined for your specimen.

81
IMPORTANT: The Heat Affected Zone (“HAZ ”) is only available with an advanced UltraVision Touch
license.

To modify the appearance of the overlay:

1. Make sure your specimen is properly defined.
2. In the Overlay sub-menu of the Specimen menu, tap Specimen.
The Specimen overlay window appears.

Figure 4-17 Specimen Overlay Window

3. Tap Color.
A standard Color window appears.

Figure 4-18 Color Window

4. Select the color for the specimen overlay and tap OK.
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 5. Tap Width and tap on the desired width for the specimen lines.
6. Tap Accept.
You can repeat these steps for the Weld and HAZ button if they are available for your defined
specimen.

Figure 4-19 Overlay Customization Example

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4.2 Defining your Channel Settings
Once your specimen is created (see “Creating your Specimen” on page 70), the next step is to
create your channels.
A channel is a mean to group generated beams that share specific parameters. For example,
creating an inspection configuration using multiple probes, channels can be created for each
individual probe. This process allows you to control and modify specific parameters (gain,
time base...) and optimize your inspection configuration.
Tap once on the Menu selection button and select Channel.
It gives you access to functions and parameters allowing you to set the general parameters of
your channel (inspection configuration, focal law calculations...):

Figure 4-20 Channel Menu

IMPORTANT: When starting your TOPAZ, a default configuration (default channel) with predefined
parameters is loaded. It is important that you review all parameters so they match your
desired inspection configuration.

 Channel
Provides a list showing the currently defined channels and the possible associated actions.
• New
Opens the Create Channel window.
• Rename
Opens the Rename Channel window that allows you to change the name of the
currently selected channel.
• Delete
This option is only available if more than one channel is available. It deletes the
currently selected channel.
 Configuration
Provides the complete list of available inspection configurations. The current channel
configuration is highlighted in blue.

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Figure 4-21 Available Inspection Configuration

 Probe
Displays the currently connected probe (phased array UT probe with auto-detection
capability) or selected in the database. It also allows you to create additional probes or
select one already defined.
 Wedge
Displays the currently selected wedge for your probe. It also allows you to select a wedge
from the database or create a new one.
 Calculator
Displays the Calculator window:
• Phased Array configurations: Allows you to define and implement focal laws.
• Conventional Ultrasound configurations: Allows you to adjust the position (mechanical
offsets) of your probe/wedge assembly on your specimen.
• TOFD configurations: Allows you to adjust the position (PCS: probe-enter-separation)
of your probe/wedge assemblies on your specimen as well as previewing your coverage.
 Load Law File
Displays the Load Law File window. It allows you to select a LAW file that contains
previously calculated focal law information to be implement in your TOPAZ.

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Renaming a Channel
To rename a channel:
1. In the Channel menu, tap Channel.
The list of available channels (the current channel is highlighted in blue) and actions
appears.

Figure 4-22 Channels and Actions List

Current Channel

2. Select Rename.
The Rename Channel window appears.

Figure 4-23 Rename Window

3. Tap in the text box.

Figure 4-24 Editing a Text Field - Single Tap in Text Zone

A Touch-keyboard button is then displayed.

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Figure 4-25 Touch-Keyboard Button

4. Tap the touch-keyboard once.

The touch-keyboard appears.

Figure 4-26 Touch-Keyboard

NOTE: You can connect a USB keyboard to your TOPAZ unit. When connected the touch-
keyboard button does not appear.

5. Type the desired channel name.

6. Tap Accept to change the channel name and close the Rename Channel window.
or
Press the accept button on the right-side of the TOPAZ.
or
7. Tap Cancel to close the Rename Channel window without changing the channel name.
or
Press the cancel button on the right-side of the TOPAZ.

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Creating a New Channel
To create a new channel:
1. In the Channel menu, tap Channel.
The list of available channels (the current channel is highlighted in blue) and actions
appears.

Figure 4-27 Channels and Actions List

Current Channel

2. Select New.
The Create Channel window appears.

Figure 4-28 Create Channel Window

Tap in the text box and a touch-keyboard button is then displayed.

3. Tap the touch-keyboard once.
The touch-keyboard appears.
4. Type the desired new channel name.
5. Tap Accept to change the channel name and close the Rename Channel window.
or
Press the accept button on the right-side of the TOPAZ.
or
6. Tap Cancel to close the Rename Channel window without changing the channel name.
or
Press the cancel button on the right-side of the TOPAZ.

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Defining your Inspection Configuration
Your inspection configuration is not determined by the type of probe connected for the
current channel but by configuration you will be using: pulse-echo, pitch-&-catch or TOFD.

IMPORTANT: It is good practice to define your inspection configuration before you connect your
transducers. If you are connecting a phased array UT probe with a ZPAC compatible
connector, this will allow for proper auto-detection and upload of your probe parameters.

To define the configuration of the currently selected channel:

 In the Channel menu, tap Configuration.
The list of available configurations appears.
• Phased Array-Pulse Echo
When selected, your TOPAZ considers one phased array UT probe is assigned to the
channel for a pulse-echo configuration (the same active elements are used for beam
emission and reception). The probe must be connected to the phased array UT
connector directly, or using an adapter, or a splitter cable or box.
• Phased Array-Pitch&Catch
In this configuration, you have two different sets of active elements, one for beam
emission and one for beam reception. The different sets of elements can be located in
the same phased array UT probe or in another one. The probe(s) must be connected to
the phased array UT connector directly, or using an adapter, or a splitter cable or box.
• Conventional-Pulse Echo
When selected, you can connect a conventional UT probe to a PULSER/RECEIVER LEMO
connector. The TOPAZ considers one conventional UT probe is assigned to the channel
for a pulse-echo configuration (the same probe is used for beam emission and
reception).
• Conventional-Pitch&Catch
In this configuration, you have two different conventional probes, one for beam
emission and one beam reception. The two (2) probes must be connected to the
PULSER/RECEIVER LEMO connectors dedicated to conventional UT.
• Conventional-TOFD
This configuration is similar to the Conventional-Pitch&Catch but is dedicated for
TOFD (Time Of Flight Diffraction) inspections. The two (2) probes must be connected to
the PULSER/RECEIVER LEMO connectors dedicated to conventional UT.

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 • Conventional-Pulse Echo (on PA)
When selected, you can connect a conventional UT probe to the phased array UT
connectors using a dedicated adapter cable, or splitter cable or box. The TOPAZ
considers one conventional UT probe is assigned to the channel for a pulse-echo
configuration (the same probe is used for beam emission and reception) connected to a
specific “pin” of the phased array UT connector.
• Conventional-Pitch&Catch (on PA)
In this configuration, you have two different conventional probes, one for beam
emission and one beam reception. The two (2) probes must be connected to the phased
array UT connectors using a dedicated adapter cable, or splitter cable or box.
• Conventional-TOFD (on PA)
This configuration is similar to the Conventional-Pitch&Catch (on PA) but is
dedicated for TOFD (Time Of Flight Diffraction) inspections. The two (2) probes must be
connected to the phased array UT connectors using a dedicated adapter cable, or splitter
cable or box.
Once your configuration is properly selected, you can connect your probes.

90
Defining your Probe
As previously mentioned, you can connect either phased array UT probes or conventional UT
probes to your TOPAZ. For phased array UT, the characteristics of your probe must be
entered, through auto-detection or selection in a database or manually, for proper focal law
computation.

IMPORTANT: Probe parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations. Make
sure that the parameters used perfectly reflects the probe used.

Phased Array UT Probe Auto-Detection

When you connect a phased array UT probe with a compatible ZPAC connector that as been
properly programmed, the probe parameters are automatically uploaded from the embedded
database.
For probe auto-detection:
1. Connect your probe as illustrated in Figure 2-2 on page 14.
A progress window appears.

Figure 4-29 Detecting New Probe Progress Window

2. Once the detection process is completed, the New Probe detected window appears.

Figure 4-30 New Probe Detected Window

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 The name of the detected probe appears and:
• Tap Use Probe to upload the probe parameters and close the New Probe Detected
window.
or
• Tap Use Probe and Wedge to upload the probe parameters and select a wedge from a
list of compatible wedges.
or
• Tap Load Last Setup to import your last inspection setup if it is compatible with the
connected probe(s).
or
• Tap Ignore to close the New Probe Detected window and return to the default
selection.
When you ignore the detected probe, you can manually define your probe (see
“Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT Probe” on page 95).
Probe parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations. Therefore,
each time any probe parameter is changed (or any parameter used for the calculation of focal
laws), UltraVision Touch will display the following message between the data display and
parameters:
“Focal law parameters have been changed. Law must be recomputed.”
You can either complete all your parameter modifications and tap Recompute when you are
done.
Or
You can force the recalculation of the focal laws after each modifications by tapping
Recompute.
When the computation process is completed, the message and the Recompute button
disappear.

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 Selecting a Probe from the Database
If your probe is not detected or if you are using an adapter that does not allow for auto-
detection of the probe, you can select a probe from the database.
To select a probe from the database:
1. Tap Probe.
You can select between:
• EDIT
• DATABASE
The name of currently selected (or detected) probe is displayed between parenthesis.

Figure 4-31 Probe Parameter Options

2. Select Database.
The probe database window appears. It contains a list of predefined probes.

Figure 4-32 Probe Database Window

Use one finger in a flick motion to scroll through the probe list.
3. Tap once on the desired probe.
The selected probe becomes highlighted blue.
4. Tap Accept to close the probe database window and confirm your selection.

93
 A probe is now assigned to the current channel.
Probe parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations. Therefore,
each time any probe parameter is changed (or any parameter used for the calculation of focal
laws), UltraVision Touch will display the following message between the data display and
parameters:
“Focal law parameters have been changed. Law must be recomputed.”
You can either complete all your parameter modifications and tap Recompute when you are
done.
Or
You can force the recalculation of the focal laws after each modifications by tapping
Recompute.
When the computation process is completed, the message and the Recompute button
disappear.

94
 Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT Probe
You can manually define your phased array UT probe by entering the parameters.
To manually define your probe:
1. Tap Probe.
You can select between:
• EDIT
• DATABASE
The name of currently selected (or detected) probe is displayed between parenthesis.

Figure 4-33 Probe Parameter Options

2. Select Edit.
The Probe Editor window appears

Figure 4-34 Probe Editor Window for 1D Linear PAUT Probes

3. To define the probe parameters, simply tap on the appropriate row and enter the probe:

95
 3 a. Name

CAUTION If you wish to manually define probes for the probe database, make sure you enter
appropriate probe names that do not duplicate the ones already defined in the
database.

3 b. For Type, select Linear

3 c. Frequency
3 d. Element Quantity
Total number of elements in your probe.
3 e. Pitch
Center-to-center distance between 2 consecutive elements.
3 f. Primary Axis Element Size
3 g. Secondary Axis Element Size
4. Tap Accept.
The Probe Editor window closes and the new probe parameters are now uploaded.
Probe parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations. Therefore,
each time any probe parameter is changed (or any parameter used for the calculation of focal
laws), UltraVision Touch will display the following message between the data display and
parameters:
“Focal law parameters have been changed. Law must be recomputed.”
You can either complete all your parameter modifications and tap Recompute when you are
done.
Or
You can force the recalculation of the focal laws after each modifications by tapping
Recompute.
When the computation process is completed, the message and the Recompute button
disappear.

96
 Manually Defining your 2D Matrix Phased Array UT Probe
You can manually define your phased array UT probe by entering the parameters.
To manually define your probe:
1. Tap Probe.
You can select between:
• EDIT
• DATABASE
The name of currently selected (or detected) probe is displayed between parenthesis.

Figure 4-35 Probe Parameter Options

2. Select Edit.
The Probe Editor window appears
3. To define the probe parameters, simply tap on the appropriate row and enter the probe:
3 a. Name

CAUTION If you wish to manually define probes for the probe database, make sure you enter
appropriate probe names that do not duplicate one already defined in the
database.

3 b. For Type, select 2D-Matrix.

The content of the Probe Editor window is modified.

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Figure 4-36 Probe Editor Window for 2D Matrix PAUT Probes

3 c. Frequency
3 d. Primary Axis Element Quantity
Total number of elements along the primary axis of your probe.
3 e. Secondary Axis Element Quantity
Total number of elements along the secondary axis of your probe.
3 f. Primary Axis Pitch
Center-to-center distance between 2 consecutive elements along the primary axis of
your probe.
3 g. Secondary Axis Pitch
Center-to-center distance between 2 consecutive elements along the Secondary axis
of your probe.
3 h. Primary Axis Element Size
3 i. Secondary Axis Element Size
3 j. Element Configuration
Defines how the individual elements are aligned within the array.

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Figure 4-37 Element Configuration Options for 2D-Matrix Array

4. Tap Accept.
The Probe Editor window closes and the new probe parameters are now uploaded.
Probe parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations. Therefore,
each time any probe parameter is changed (or any parameter used for the calculation of focal
laws), UltraVision Touch will display the following message between the data display and
parameters:
“Focal law parameters have been changed. Law must be recomputed.”
You can either complete all your parameter modifications and tap Recompute when you are
done.
Or
You can force the recalculation of the focal laws after each modifications by tapping
Recompute.
When the computation process is completed, the message and the Recompute button
disappear.

99
Add or Remove Manually Defined Probes to the Database
You can add your user define probe to the database for future use.
To add user defined probes to the database:
1. Manually define your probe (see “Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT
Probe” on page 95)
2. Tap Probe.
3. Select Database.
The probe database window appears.

Figure 4-38 Probe Database Window

If the currently selected probe is defined in the database, it is highlighted in blue. If it is a

newly defined probe, it will not appear in this list.
4. Tap Manage.
The probe database manager window appears.

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Figure 4-39 Probe Database Manager Window

5. Tap Add.
The user defined probe is added to the list and included in the probe database.
6. To close the probe database manager window and return to the probe database listing, tap
Done.
or
To close the probe data manager without saving your modifications and return to the
general user interface, tap Close.
Your manually defined probe is now added to the probe database and can be directly selected
in the database for future configurations.
You can also remove custom probes from the probe database manager window.
To remove a user defined probe from the database:
1. Tap Probe.
2. Select Database.
The probe database window appears.
3. Tap Manage.
The probe database manager window appears.
4. Select the probe to remove by tapping once on its row in the list.
5. Tap Delete.
Repeat steps 4 and 5 for all probes to remove.
6. To close the probe database manager window and return to the probe database listing, tap
Done.
or
To close the probe data manager without saving your modifications and return to the
general user interface, tap Close.
The deleted probes are permanently removed from the probe database.
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Defining your Wedge
In addition to the probe, most applications will require the use of a wedge in order to produce
different inspection angles. A wedge performs the same basic function in phased array UT as
in conventional UT. Due to the beam steering capability of phased array UT technology, a
probe on a wedge can produce multiple refracted angles. So, the characteristics of your wedge
must be entered, through selection in a database or manually, for proper focal law
computation.

IMPORTANT: Wedge parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations.
Make sure that the parameters used perfectly reflects the wedge used and that the wedge
and probe are compatible.

Wedge Definition Mode

When defining your wedge characteristics, you now have two different modes available:
 Legacy
This mode allows you to define the height of the first element using the back left corner of
the wedge as the reference. Historically, this mode was the one used in previous software
releases.

Figure 4-40 Legacy Wedge Definition Example - Height of First Element

 Fixed Wedge Path

This new mode allows you to define the height of the first element using the middle of the
wedge front edge as the reference.

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Figure 4-41 Fixed Wedge Path Definition Example - Height of First Element

For plate examination, there is no difference between the two modes, this only affects wedge
definition for pipe-like or curved surface specimens.
To set the wedge definition mode:
1. In the Tools menu, select Options.
2. In the Options window, set the Wedge Definition Mode to Legacy or Fixed Wedge Path
in the System options.
3. Tap Accept.

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Selecting a Wedge from the Database
To select a wedge from the database:
1. Tap Wedge.
You can select between:
• EDIT
• DATABASE
The name of currently selected wedge is displayed between parenthesis.

Figure 4-42 Wedge Parameter Options

2. Select Database.
The wedge database window appears. It contains a list of predefined wedges.

Figure 4-43 Wedge Database Window

Use one finger in a flick motion to scroll through the wedge list.
3. Tap once on the desired wedge.
The selected wedge becomes highlighted blue.
4. Tap Accept to close the wedge database window and confirm your selection.
A wedge is now assigned to the current channel.

104
Wedge parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations. Therefore,
each time any wedge parameter is changed (or any parameter used for the calculation of focal
laws), UltraVision Touch will display the following message between the data display and
parameters:
“Focal law parameters have been changed. Law must be recomputed.”
You can either complete all your parameter modifications and tap Recompute when you are
done.
Or
You can force the recalculation of the focal laws after each modifications by tapping
Recompute.
When the computation process is completed, the message and the Recompute button
disappear.

105
 Manually Defining your Wedge
You can manually define your wedge by entering the parameters.
To manually define your wedge:
1. Tap Wedge.
You can select between:
• EDIT
• DATABASE
The name of currently selected wedge is displayed between parenthesis.

Figure 4-44 Probe Parameter Options

2. Select Edit.
The Wedge Editor window appears

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Figure 4-45 Wedge Editor Window

3. To define the wedge parameters, simply tap on the appropriate row and enter the wedge:
3 a. Name

CAUTION If you wish to manually define wedges for the wedge database, make sure you
enter appropriate wedge names that do not duplicate one already defined in the
database.

3 b. Wave Type (Shear or Longitudinal)

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 3 c.Length
3 d.Width
3 e.Height
3 f.Wedge Angle
3 g.First Element Height
3 h.First Element Primary Axis Offset
3 i.First Element Secondary Axis Offset
3 j.Material Name
Allows you to open the database in order to select the material used for
manufacturing the wedge.
3 k. Velocity
The sound velocity of the wedge material.
For more information on wedge parameters, see “Welded Specimens Parameters
Convention” on page 313.
4. Tap Accept.
The Wedge Editor window closes and the new wedge parameters are now uploaded.
Wedge parameters are essential variables when it comes to the focal law calculations. Therefore,
each time any wedge parameter is changed (or any parameter used for the calculation of focal
laws), UltraVision Touch will display the following message between the data display and
parameters:
“Focal law parameters have been changed. Law must be recomputed.”
You can either complete all your parameter modifications and tap Recompute when you are
done.
Or
You can force the recalculation of the focal laws after each modifications by tapping
Recompute.
When the computation process is completed, the message and the Recompute button
disappear.

108
 Add or Remove Manually Defined Wedge to the Database
You can add your user defined wedge to the database for future use.
To add user defined wedge to the database:
1. Manually define your wedge (see “Manually Defining your Wedge” on page 106)
2. Tap Wedge.
3. Select Database.
The wedge database window appears.
If the currently selected wedge is defined in the database, it is highlighted in blue. If it is a
newly defined probe, it will not appear in this list.
4. Tap Manage.
The wedge database manager window appears.

Figure 4-46 Wedge Database Manager Window

5. Tap Add.
The user defined wedge is added to the list and included in the wedge database.
6. To close the wedge database manager window and return to the wedge database listing,
tap Done.
or
To close the wedge data manager without saving your modifications and return to the
general user interface, tap Close.
Your manually defined wedge is now added to the wedge database and can be directly
selected in the database for future configurations.
You can also remove custom wedge from the wedge database manager window.
To remove a user defined probe from the database:
1. Tap Wedge.

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 2. Select Database.
The wedge database window appears.
3. Tap Manage.
The wedge database manager window appears.
4. Select the wedge to remove by tapping once on its row in the list.
5. Tap Delete.
Repeat steps 4 and 5 for all wedge to remove.
6. To close the wedge database manager window and return to the wedge database listing,
tap Done.
or
To close the wedge data manager without saving your modifications and return to the
general user interface, tap Close.
The deleted wedges are permanently removed from the wedge database.

110
4.3 Using the Calculator
This section describes how to setup and use the various features of the Calculator.
The Calculator allows you to design appropriate phased array UT, conventional UT or TOFD
probes for a given component or weld inspection, and to efficiently evaluate their coverage in
the target regions.
The following sections will focus on:
 Accessing the Calculator
 Defining focal laws for phased array UT configurations
 Implementation of the focal laws
 Defining parameters for conventional UT configurations
 Defining parameters for time-of-flight-diffraction (TOFD) configurations

Accessing the Calculator

Once a probe and wedge are selected for the current channel in phased array UT
configuration, the next step is to adjust the focal law parameters in order to create the
different beams needed for your inspection. These adjustments are performed with the
Calculator.
To access the Calculator:
1. Tap once on the Menu selection button and select Channel.
2. Tap Calculator.
The Calculator window appears.

111
Figure 4-47 Calculator Window for Phased Array Configurations
Multi-channel Display

View Selection

Interactive graphical feedback Calculator parameters

112
Figure 4-48 Calculator Window Graphical Feedback Features
Scan or Index reference
measurements

Focal Law Ray Coverage according to current

Timebase Start and Range

Locus
(Focal point localization curve)

Specimen Origin
(0,0,0)

113
 The Calculator is divided in two (2) sections:
 Calculator parameters list (right-side)
The list of parameters is divided in six (6) sections that defines the probe position and
orientation, the considered wave and focal law types (sweep), refracted angle parameters,
aperture specification, focusing parameters and current focal law. For more information
on the parameters convention, see “Calculator Parameters Convention” on page 316.
 Calculator interactive graphical feedback (left-side)
This graphic window provides a visual feedback based on the defined specimen and any
modifications done to the focal law parameters. You can also select particular beam rays
or by touching the wedge you can move it around the specimen (modifying probe
position parameters).
• Multi-Channel Display
This button allows you to display probes and beam rays from different channels in
order to review your scan plan coverage.
When in multi-channel display mode, you can switch back to single channel display by
tapping the same button that has changed appearance.

Figure 4-49 Multi-Channel Display

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 • View Selection
This button allows you to display probes and beam rays in a side/end or top view
orientation in order to view the location of your probe on your specimen and adjust its
location in three (3) dimensions.

Figure 4-50 Calculator View Selectioin

115
Phased Array UT Configurations - Defining Focal Laws
To define focal laws for the current channel:
1. Tap Calculator.
The Calculator window appears.
2. Define the probe orientation an position parameters:
2 a. Skew Angle (see “Total Skew Angle” on page 318).
2 b. Scan Reference and Index Reference.
The position value is in reference to the front of the wedge (distance from the front
of the wedge to the specimen origin).

Figure 4-51 Moving the Probe/Wedge Assembly

NOTE: If you tap on the specimen and swipe you finger in any direction, you will move the
specimen

3. Set your Wave Type: Shear or Longitudinal.

The selection of the wave type determines the sound velocity that will be considered for
focal law calculations.
4. Set your Sweep type:
• Azimuthal
The refracted angle varies.

116
Figure 4-52 Azimuthal laws
-35° 5° 35°

Acoustic Beam
Simulations

Graphical Representation of element delays used for beam (focal law) generation

• Linear
The primary aperture travels along the array.

117
Figure 4-53 Linear focal laws
Active elements

Delays

Beam

Aperture motion (along primary axis)

Time

118
 • Compound
Compound scanning is a combination of azimuthal and linear focal laws in one
channel configuration. The end result is to create a sweep that has a greater coverage
than what traditional linear or azimuthal scans are able to offer. With compound focal
laws, the refracted angle of the beam changes from one aperture to the next within your
phased array transducer.

Figure 4-54 Compound Focal Laws Example

As illustrated, the desired refracted angles are distributed on the different apertures
defined by the linear focal laws parameters and therefore defines the angular resolution
between each beam. For more information, see “Implementing Compound Focal
Laws” on page 122.
5. Define your inspection angle(s):
Angles are defined as refracted angle in the specimen to inspect.
• If you’ve selected Azimuthal:
5 a. Define Start Angle.
Specify the refracted angle of the first focal law to be generated for the current
channel.
5 b. Define Stop Angle.
Specify the refracted angle of the last focal law to be generated for the current
channel.
5 c. Define Resolution.
Define the step, in degrees, between each focal law to go from the start to the stop
angle.

119
 • If you’ve selected Linear:
You only have to define the refracted Angle for all the beams.
6. Define your Aperture.
The number of active probe elements that will be used to generate your ultrasound
beams.
7. Define the First Element.
Specify the first active element of the first aperture to be used.
8. Set the Reverse Probe status (Yes or No).
Defines if the probe as been placed with element #1 at the rear of the wedge or toward the
front of the wedge.
9. Define the Last Element (for Linear and Compound focal laws only)
Specify the last element of the last active aperture to be used.

CAUTION When defining the elements, make sure that the values respect the limitations of
your probe and instrument:
 Do not set an aperture larger the total number of elements on your
probe or more than what your equipment can handle.
 For Linear focal laws, make sure that when your aperture moves
along your linear array (when specify the aperture size, first and last
elements) it stays within the boundaries of the probe and the
equipment capabilities.

120
10. Set your Focal Point type:
• Half Path
All focal laws are focused at the same half path (distance - sound path) value.
• True Depth
All focal laws are focused at a constant depth value
• Projection
All focal laws are focused on a given vertical plane.
• Natural
All beams (focal laws) will be focused according to the natural near field length of the
considered aperture and angle.
Graphical representation of the parameters is available in “Focusing” on page 323.
11. For Half Path and True Depth focusing, specify the Position.
12. Define your Timebase:
Defines the start and stop for each a-scan to be recorded and allows for actual
visualization of the inspection coverage (in red) in the Calculator graphical feedback
section.
12 a. Define the Timebase Type: True Depth, Half Path or Distance.
12 b. Define the Timebase Start and Timebase Range or Timebase End (Distance).
You can review each individual focal law rays in the interactive graphical feedback section.
To select a specific beam ray in the calculator display:
1. Tap Current Law in the calculator parameters
The list of defined focal laws appears. The currently selected focal law is highlighted in
blue.
2. Tap once on the focal law you wish to select.
The list closes and the focal law is selected in the graphic display.
OR
You can select your focal law directly in the interactive graphic display by simply tapping and
dragging the focal point representation to the desired beam ray.

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Figure 4-55 Selecting a Focal Law

Implementing Compound Focal Laws

For Compound focal laws, the desired refracted angles are distributed on the different
apertures defined by the linear focal laws parameters and therefore defines the angular
resolution between each beam.
To define compound focal laws:
1. In the Calculator window, define your Skew Angle, Scan Reference, Index Reference
and Wave Type.
2. Tap Sweep and select Compound.
The parameter list of the Calculator window is modified.
3. Set your Beam Density:
• Sparse
Each law is an increment on the linear sweep and on the angle sweep. This means that
the exit point moves and the refracted angle changes between each laws. The angle
range, defined by Start Angle and Stop Angle, is evenly distributed over all exit points.
Therefore the angular resolution is automatically set by dividing the angular range by
the total number of apertures.
Motion of the aperture is defined by the Aperture, First Element and Last Element
parameters.
122
Figure 4-56 Sparse - Compound Focal Laws

• Dense
Each law is an increment on the linear sweep or on the angle sweep in alternation. This
means that the exit point moves or the refracted angle changes between each laws. This
creates a sweep that is denser than the sparse compound sweep. It also provides a sweep
with density similar or better than traditional Azimuthal or Linear sweep. The total
number of focal laws is two times higher than Sparse.
Motion of the aperture is defined by the Aperture, First Element and Last Element
parameters.

Figure 4-57 Dense - Compound Focal Laws

4. Set all other Calculator parameters.

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 In these examples, the following are the focal law specifications for the Compound sweep.

Table 3 Focal Specifications for Compound Sweep

Start Angle 40 degrees

Stop Angle 70 degrees

Aperture 16

First Element 1

Last Element 19

When Beam Density is set to Sparse, the focal laws are defined as follows:

Table 4 Defined Focal Laws - Sparse

Refracted
Focal Law Id Aperture
Angle

1 1 to 16 40.00°

2 2 to 17 50.00°

3 3 to 18 60.00°

4 4 to 19 70.00°

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 When Beam Density is set to Dense, the focal laws are defined as follows:

Table 5 Defined Focal Laws - Dense

Refracted
Focal Law Id Aperture
Angle

1 1 to 16 40.00°

2 1 to 16 47.50°

3 2 to 17 47.50°

4 2 to 17 55.00°

5 3 to 18 55.00°

6 3 to 18 62.50°

7 4 to 19 62.50°

8 4 to 19 70.00°

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Compute and Implement Focal Laws
To compute and implement your focal laws:
1. Define your focal law settings.
See “Phased Array UT Configurations - Defining Focal Laws” on page 116.
2. In the Calculator window, tap Accept.
The window closes and the focal laws are implemented.
or
Tap Cancel, if you don’t want to compute and implement new focal laws.

Conventional UT Configurations - Calculator Settings

IMPORTANT: Make sure that the current channel is defined for a conventional UT configuration and that
you have selected or defined the probe and wedge to be used.

To define Calculator settings for the current channel (conventional UT):

1. Tap Calculator.
The Calculator window appears.
2. Define the probe orientation an position parameters:
2 a. Skew Angle (see “Total Skew Angle” on page 318).
2 b. Scan Reference and Index Reference.
3. Set your Wave Type: Shear or Longitudinal.
The selection of the wave type determines the sound velocity that will be considered for
the ultrasound axis ruler scale. This value is preset by your probe/wedge selection.
4. Validate your inspection Angle.
5. Define your Timebase Start and Timebase Stop.
These values can be changed in the General sub-menu of the UT Settings menu.
6. In the Calculator window, tap Accept.
The window closes and the conventional UT settings are implemented.
or
Tap Cancel, if you don’t want to implement new conventional UT settings.

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The Calculator is divided in two (2) sections:
 Calculator parameters list (right-side)
The list of parameters is divided in two (2) sections that defines the probe position and
orientation, the considered wave type and timebase parameters.
 Calculator interactive graphical feedback (left-side)
This graphic window provides a visual feedback based on the defined specimen and any
modifications done to the parameters.
• Multi-Channel Display
This button allows you to display probes and beam rays from different channels in
order to review your scan plan coverage.
When in multi-channel display mode, you can switch back to single channel display by
tapping the same button that has changed appearance.

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Conventional TOFD Configurations - Calculator Settings

IMPORTANT: Make sure that the current channel is defined for a conventional TOFD configuration and
that you have selected or defined the probes and wedges to be used.

To define TOFD calculator settings for the current channel:

1. Tap Calculator.
The Calculator window appears.
2. Define the probe orientation and position parameters:
2 a. Scan Offset and the Index Offset.
2 b. Probe Orientation (Perpendicular or Parallel).
2 c. PCS (Probe-Center-Separation)
Defines the distance between the probe exit points.
2 d. Crossover (linked to the PCS)
Defines the percentage of thickness where the emission and reception rays crosses.
2 e. Beam Field
3. In the Calculator window, tap Accept.
The window closes and the TOFD settings are implemented.

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 TOFD Configuration Information
Aside from implementing your TOFD inspection parameters, the Calculator provides you
with useful information in order to complete your inspection configuration.

Figure 4-58 Calculator Window Graphical Feedback Features for TOFD

Front of the Wedges Seperation

Near Surface Dead Zone End

Far Surface Dead Zone Start

Ray Crossover Depth Location

The calculator also provides a suggested Timebase Start and Stop for the defined
configuration. These values can be changes in the General sub-menu of the UT Settings
menu.
Specific information like the PCS and FWS (see Figure 4-58) are also available in the
Geometry sub-menu of the Channels menu.

Figure 4-59 Geometry Sub-Menu for TOFD Configurations

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130
5 Creating Inspection Configurations
The TOPAZ with its UltraVision Touch interface is a powerful tool that is ready to tackle a
number of inspection challenges. The following chapter provides a guide in order to prepare
inspection configurations for some basic applications.

5.1 One-Side Phased Array UT Weld Inspection

The following present a generic procedure to implement a phased array UT inspection of a
welded specimen using a single phased array UT probe.

Situation Shear wave inspection of a 1-inch (25.4 mm) carbon steel plate
with a V-weld using a AM-5MHz probe and a AM-55SW
wedge.

Scanning Method Manual (no encoder or scanning mechanism)

Recording Storing A-scan signals from scrolling B-scans (saving the last
“x” seconds of data).

To implement a one-side inspection configuration for welded plate specimen:

1. Define your Specimen.
(for more information, see “Creating your Specimen” on page 70)

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 1 a. Set the Shape Type to Plate.
1 b. Specify the dimensions of the plate (Length and Width)
1 c. Specify your specimen Thickness: 25.4mm (or 1in.)
1 d. Set your Weld Type to V.
1 e. Set your weld parameters (Cap Height, Gap and Upper Angle)
1 f. Define your Scan Orientation (see “Welded Specimen: Scan Orientation and Skew
Angle” on page 76 for more information). For this example, select Across Weld (the
general probe motion is perpendicular to the weld).
1 g. Tap Accept.
Your specimen shape is now defined.

Sets the number of overlay

representing your specimen

1 h. Set your Material to Steel.

This also defines the sound velocities that will be used for the focal law calculations.
2. Define your Channel settings.
Most of the time, a single side weld inspection carried out with only one probe requires a
single channel configuration. For more information, see “Defining your Channel
Settings” on page 84.

2 a. Set your Channel name.

It is your choice to either rename the channel or leave the default name.
2 b. Set your channel Configuration to Phased Array Pulse Echo.
2 c. Connect your phased array UT Probe for auto-detection.
(See “Phased Array UT Probe Auto-Detection” on page 91)
or
Select a Probe from the database (AM-5MHz).
(See “Selecting a Probe from the Database” on page 93.)
or
Manually define a Probe.

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 (See “Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT Probe” on page 95.)
2 d. Select a Wedge from the database (AM-55SW).
(See “Selecting a Wedge from the Database” on page 104.)
or
Manually define a Wedge.
(See “Manually Defining your Wedge” on page 106.)
2 e. Define your Calculator parameters.

2 f. Set your Skew Angle to 0° or 180° (depends on which side of the weld you will be
performing your inspection, see “Welded Specimen: Scan Orientation and Skew
Angle” on page 76.)

IMPORTANT: If you are going to record data from each side of the weld, it is important to properly
specify the skew angle; even if your are doing a manual inspection. It allows for proper
position of indication later on. For more information on the skew angle conventions, see
“Total Skew Angle” on page 318

2 g. Define your Scan Reference

In this particular situation, it is good practice to set the Scan Reference value in
order to position the probe as close as possible to the weld. See Figure 4-46 on
page 109 and “Specimen-related Conventions” on page 328 for more information.
2 h. Leave Index Reference to the default value.

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 During a manual inspection with a skew angle of 0° or 180°, this value does not have
a direct incidence on the position of indications. The default value is related to your
wedge dimensions and ensures that the beams exit points are located in the middle
of the secondary probe axis.
2 i. Set Wave Type to Shear.
Selecting the wave type defines the sound velocity used for the calculations which
comes from the material selection.
2 j. Set Sweep to Azimuthal.
2 k. Set the refracted angle parameters.
Start and Stop angles are largely dependent on your probe/wedge combination. In
this example, you can have a beam angle sweep from 40° to 70°.
2 l. Set the Aperture size to 16.
The selected probe has a total of 16 elements which gives a total active aperture of
9.6mm (0.378in).
2 m. Set your Focal Point to Half Path.
2 n. Set Position to 30.0mm (1.18in).
2 o. Set Timebase Type to Half Path or True Depth.
2 p. Define Timebase Start and Timebase Range.
2 q. Tap Accept.
3. In the Connection sub-menu, you can specify on which physical connection the first
element of the probe is connected, especially if you are using an adapter or splitter cable/
box. When the probe is connected directly to your unit, the first element of the probe is
usually connected to the pin #1.
4. In the Beam sub-menu, you can review individual beam (focal law) parameters.
You can change the current focal law by changing the Current Beam.
or
You can change the current focal law by using the Law cursor in the VC sectorial scan
view.

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Figure 5-1 How to Use the Law Cursor

NOTE: When using the Law cursor, information fields are automatically updated to reflect the
status of the currently selection beam.

5. Set your ultrasound settings (UT Settings menu) to optimize your signals.
5 a. Define the General settings (Gain, time base...).
5 b. Define the Pulser/Receiver settings (Voltage, Pulse Width, Rectification...)
5 c. Define the Digitizer parameters (Recurrence, Average...)

NOTE: The following steps are required in order to record scrolling data.

6. Set your Mechanical inspection sequence.

6 a. Set your Sequence Type to One Line.

6 b. The Scan Start and Scan Stop will define the total amount of time that will be
recorded. Usually, you leave the Scan Start value to 0 and modify the Scan Stop if
necessary.

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 7. Set your Encoder Scan parameters.

7 a. Set Encoder ID to Clock.

The Scan Position is now updated according to the internal clock of your unit. If the
position are changing too quickly, you can modify the speed of your internal clock by
changing the Acquisition Rate parameter (UT Settings/Digitizer).

You can change this value from Max to any custom value that will change the refresh rate
of your data. The acquisition rate to enter entirely depends on how comfortable you are
with the refresh rate of your display. You may have to try a few different values before
settling to one that suits your probe motion.
8. Adjust your display layout.
8 a. Tap in a view to display the View Settings Toolbar.

Figure 5-2 View Settings Toolbar

8 b. Tap layout selection.

8 c. Select the most appropriate layout for your application.
A basic one-side inspection configuration for welded specimen is now completed. For signal
calibration refer to “Performing a Calibration” on page 199 and for a guide to perform the
actual inspection, see “Performing the Inspection” on page 191.

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5.2 Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld Inspection
The following present a generic procedure to implement a phased array UT inspection of a
pipe-weld specimen using two (2) identical phased array UT probes, one probe on each side
of the weld. This configuration uses two (2) channels.

Situation Shear wave inspection of a carbon steel pipe (NPS 12in STD)
with a thickness of 9.53mm (0.375in.) with a V-weld using two
(2)AM-5MHz probes and AM-55SW wedges.

Scanning Method Encoded one line scan

Scanning mechanism: Manual Weld Crawler

Recording Storing full A-scan signals

(0,0,0)

(40° to 70°) SW

Scan axis

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 To implement a two-side inspection configuration for pipe-weld specimens:
1. Define your Specimen.
(for more information, see “Creating your Specimen” on page 70)

1 a. Set the Shape Type to Pipe.

1 b. Specify the dimensions of the plate (Length).
1 c. Specify your specimen Thickness: 9.53mm (or 0.375in.).
1 d. Specify your specimen Inside Diameter: 304.84mm (or 12.194in.).
1 e. Specify your specimen Outside Diameter: 323.9mm (or 12.752in.).
1 f. Set Inspection From OD
1 g. Define your Scan Orientation. For this example, the probes will perform a one line
scan around the pipe. Therefore, select Circular.
1 h. Define your Weld Orientation to Circular.
1 i. Set your Weld Type to V.
1 j. Set your weld parameters (Cap Height, Gap and Upper Angle)
1 k. Tap Accept.

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 Your specimen shape is now defined.

Sets the number of overlay

representing your specimen

1 l. Set your Material to Steel.

This also defines the sound velocities that will be used for the focal law calculations.
2. Probe connection: Unless both probes are wired within the same connector, you will to use
an adapter or splitter cable/box. Connect the adapter to your TOPAZ (see “Connecting
Multiple Phased Array UT Probes” on page 16 for more information).
3. Define your first Channel settings.
For more information, see “Defining your Channel Settings” on page 84.

3 a. Set your Channel name.

It is your choice to either rename the channel or leave the default name. However,
for multiple channel configuration, it is good practice to provide a meaningful name
using channel characteristics.
3 b. Set your channel Configuration to Phased Array Pulse Echo.
3 c. Select a Probe from the database (AM-5MHz).
(See “Selecting a Probe from the Database” on page 93.)
or
Manually define the Probe.
(See “Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT Probe” on page 95.)
3 d. Select a Wedge from the database (AM-55SW).
(See “Selecting a Wedge from the Database” on page 104.)
or
Manually define the Wedge.
(See “Manually Defining your Wedge” on page 106.)
3 e. In the Connection sub-menu, you can specify on which physical connection the
first element of the probe is connected to. Here the adapter splits as two connectors,
one for pins #1 to 64 and one for pins #65 to 128. The first probe is connected to the
1-to-64 connector; therefore, you leave transmitter probe to pin #1.
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 3 f. Define your Calculator parameters.

3 g. Set your Skew Angle to 90°.

IMPORTANT: If you are going to record data from each side of the weld, it is important to properly
specify the skew angle; even if your are doing a manual inspection. It allows for proper
position of indication later on. For more information on the skew angle conventions, see
“Total Skew Angle” on page 318

3 h. Define your Scan Reference

In this particular situation, it is defined for the lower angles to scan the weld cap and
the higher angles for the root. See Figure 4-39 on page 101 and “Specimen-related
Conventions” on page 328 for more information.
3 i. Leave Index Reference to the default value.
3 j. Set Wave Type to Shear.
Selecting the wave type defines the sound velocity used for the calculations which
comes from the material selection.
3 k. Set Sweep to Azimuthal.
3 l. Set the refracted angle parameters.
Start and Stop angles are largely dependent on your probe/wedge combination. In
this example, you can have a beam angle sweep from 40° to 70°.
3 m. Set the Aperture size to 16.

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 The selected probe has a total of 16 elements which gives a total active aperture of
9.6mm (0.378in).
3 n. Set your Focal Point to Half Path.
3 o. Set Position to 15.0mm (0.591in).
3 p. Set Timebase Type to Half Path or True Depth.
3 q. Define Timebase Start and Timebase Range.
3 r. Tap Accept.
4. Define your second Channel settings.
For more information, see “Defining your Channel Settings” on page 84.

4 a. Tap Current Channel and select New.

4 b. Set your Channel name.
It is your choice to either rename the channel or leave the default name. However,
for multiple channel configuration, it is good practice to provide a meaningful name
using channel characteristics.
4 c. Set your channel Configuration to Phased Array Pulse Echo.
4 d. Select a Probe from the database (AM-5MHz).
(See “Selecting a Probe from the Database” on page 93.)
or
Manually define a Probe.
(See “Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT Probe” on page 95.)
4 e. Select a Wedge from the database (AM-55SW).
(See “Selecting a Wedge from the Database” on page 104.)
or
Manually define a Wedge.
(See “Manually Defining your Wedge” on page 106.)

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 4 f. In the Connection sub-menu, you can specify on which physical connection the
first element of the probe is connected. Here the adapter splits as two connectors,
one for pins #1 to 64 and one for pins #65 to 128. The second probe is connected to
the 65-to-128 connector; therefore, you leave transmitter probe to pin #65.

4 g. Define your Calculator parameters.

4 h. Set your Skew Angle to 270°.

IMPORTANT: If you are going to record data from each side of the weld, it is important to properly
specify the skew angle. It allows for proper position of indication later on. For more
information on the skew angle conventions, see “Total Skew Angle” on page 318

4 i. Define your Scan Reference

In this particular situation, it is defined for the lower angles to scan the weld cap and
the higher angles for the root. See Figure 4-46 on page 109 and “Specimen-related
Conventions” on page 328 for more information.
4 j. Leave Index Reference to the default value.

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4 k. Set Wave Type to Shear.
Selecting the wave type defines the sound velocity used for the calculations which
comes from the material selection.
4 l. Set Sweep to Azimuthal.
4 m. Set the refracted angle parameters.
Start and Stop angles are largely dependent on your probe/wedge combination. In
this example, you can have a beam angle sweep from 40° to 70°.
4 n. Set the Aperture size to 16.
The selected probe has a total of 16 elements which gives a total active aperture of
9.6mm (0.378in).
4 o. Set your Focal Point to Half Path.
4 p. Set Position to 15.0mm (0.591in).
4 q. Set Timebase Type to Half Path or True Depth.
4 r. Define Timebase Start and Timebase Range.
4 s. Visualize your total coverage.

4 t. Tap Accept.

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 5. Set your ultrasound settings (UT Settings menu) to optimize your signals.
5 a. Define the General settings (Gain, time base...).
5 b. Define the Pulser/Receiver settings (Voltage, Pulse Width, Rectification...)
5 c. Define the Digitizer parameters (Recurrence, Average...)
For signal calibration refer to “Performing a Calibration” on page 199 and for a guide to
perform the actual inspection, see “Performing the Inspection” on page 191.

NOTE: The following steps are required in order to define your inspection sequence.

6. Set your Mechanical inspection sequence.

6 a. Set your Sequence Type to One Line.

6 b. Set the Scan Start at 0mm.

6 c. Set the Scan Stop at 1018mm (40.08in.). It represent the OD circumference of your
pipe.
7. Set your Scan Encoder parameters.

7 a. Set Encoder ID to 1.
This value really depends on how your scanning cabling has been done. If you don’t
see the scan position changing when you move the scanner, change the Encoder ID
parameter and see if the problem is solved.
7 b. Set the Scan Encoder Resolution.

NOTE: If you don’t know the encoder resolution of your scanning device, you can always
manually calibrate the encoder. You will need to move your scanning mechanism over a
known distance for the system to properly compute the resolution. See “Encoder Signal
Calibration” on page 235.

A basic phased array UT configuration is now completed for a two (2) sides weld inspection
of a pipe.

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Display Layout Update with Current Channel
If you want to see your display layout change according to the current channel:
1. Tap in a view to display the View Settings Toolbar.

Figure 5-3 View Settings Toolbar

2. Tap View Properties.

The View Properties window appears.

Figure 5-4 View Properties Window

In the View Properties window, you can change parameters in order to customize your view
(reverse axis, accuracy of cursor readings, applied color palette...). Refer to the “Glossary” on
page 367 for full description of the View Properties parameters that you can find in
alphabetical order.
3. Set Active Channel to Yes.
4. For all views you want to see modified when changing channel, repeat these steps.

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5.3 TOFD Weld Inspection with Conventional UT
Probes
The following presents a generic procedure to implement a TOFD inspection of a pipe-weld
specimen.

Situation TOFD inspection of a carbon steel pipe (NPS 12in. STD) with a
thickness of 9.53mm (0.375in.) with a V-weld using two
(2)10MHz conventional UT probes (3mm) and 60° wedges.

Scanning Method Encoded one line scan

Scanning mechanism: Manual Weld Crawler

Recording Storing full A-scan signals

To implement a TOFD inspection configuration for pipe-weld specimens:

1. Define your specimen (follow step 1 a. to 1 k. of “Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld
Inspection” on page 137).
2. For the TOFD channel, the conventional UT probes will be connected using the LEMO
Pulser/Receiver connectors of the TOPAZ.

3. Define your Channel parameters.

3 a. Set your Channel name.

It is your choice to either rename the channel or leave the default name. However,
for multiple channel configuration, it is good practice to provide a meaningful name
using channel characteristics.
3 b. Set your Configuration to Conventional-TOFD.
3 c. Select or define your Probe and Wedge.

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 3 d. Define your Calculator parameters.

3 e. In the Connection sub-menu, set the transmitter and receiver probes connections.
Specify the conventional UT connectors used.

4. In the Pulser/Receiver sub-menu (UT Settings menu), set the Rectification to RF.

NOTE: The following steps are required in order to define your inspection sequence.

5. Set your Mechanical inspection sequence.

5 a. Set your Sequence Type to One Line.

5 b. Set the Scan Start at 0mm.

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 5 c. Set the Scan Stop at 1018mm (40.08in.). It represent the OD circumference of your
pipe.
6. Set your Encoder Scan parameters.

6 a. Set Encoder ID to 1.
This value really depends on how your scanning cabling has been done. If you don’t
see the scan position changing when you move the scanner, change the Encoder ID
parameter and see if the problem is solved.
6 b. Set the Scan Encoder Resolution.

NOTE: If you don’t know the encoder resolution of your scanning device, you can always
manually calibrate the encoder. You will need to move your scanning mechanism over a
known distance for the system to properly compute the resolution. See “Encoder Signal
Calibration” on page 235.

7. Change your display layout.

7 a. Tap in a view to display the View Settings toolbar.

Figure 5-5 View Settings Toolbar

7 b. Tap layout selection.

A dedicated layout of this configuration is predefined.

A basic TOFD inspection for a pipe-weld specimen is now completed. For signal calibration
refer to “Performing a Calibration” on page 199 and for a guide to perform the actual
inspection, see “Performing the Inspection” on page 191.
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5.4 Two-Side Phased Array UT and TOFD Weld
Inspection
The following presents a generic procedure to implement a phased array UT and TOFD
inspection of a pipe-weld specimen using two (2) identical phased array UT probes, one
probe on each side of the weld and two (2) conventional UT probes for TOFD. This
configuration uses two (2) channels.

Situation Inspection of a carbon steel pipe (NPS 12in STD) with a

thickness of 9.53mm (0.375in.) with a V-weld using two
(2)AM-5MHz probes and AM-55SW wedges and two
(2)10MHz conventional UT with wedges (60°) for TOFD.

Scanning Method Encoder one line scan

Scanning mechanism: Manual Weld Crawler

Recording Storing full A-scan signals

To implement a phased array UT and TOFD inspection configuration for pipe-weld

specimens:
1. Define your specimen (follow step 1 a. to 1 k. of “Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld
Inspection” on page 137).
2. Follow the steps 2 to 5 from “Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld Inspection” on page 137 to
create your 2 phased array UT channels.
3. Add a new Channel.
4. Follow the steps 2 to 6 from “TOFD Weld Inspection with Conventional UT Probes” on
page 146 to specify the TOFD channel parameters and the inspection sequence.
5. Change your display layout.
5 a. Tap in a view to display the View Settings toolbar.

Figure 5-6 View Settings Toolbar

5 b. Tap layout selection.

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 A dedicated layout of this configuration is predefined.

Your phased array UT and TOFD inspection configuration is now complete.

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5.5 Inspection with Motorized Scanner (WELD
CRAWLER)
To go from a manually-driven examination to an automated inspection, you can add motors
to ZETEC’s WELD CRAWLER. Your inspection sequence and data acquisition can be controlled
using your TOPAZ user interface.
To automate your examination:
1. Mount the motors on your scanner.
To avoid unwanted drifting of you scanner due to a single-side traction, you have to
mount two motors on each side of your WELD CRAWLER.
Forward Motion

Encoder 1 Motor 2

Motor 2

Motor 1 Encoder 2
Encoder 2

Motor 1

Forward Motion

Encoder 1

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IMPORTANT: Make sure that the encoders are still attached to the scanner. Data acquisition will be
triggered using this encoder signal. It has the benefit of providing actual position feedback
even if the motorized traction slips. Also the motion controller will use their position
feedback to determine is the motorized traction wheels are slipping.

Caution For the motorization to work properly, ensure that the motors and encoders are
positioned on the WELD CRAWLER as indicated in the image of step 1. Refer to WELD
CRAWLER user manual for more information.

2. Connect the ZMC4, the scanner and your TOPAZ together.

Figure 5-7 Connecting a Motorized Scanning Mechanism to the TOPAZ

Motor 2 Cable Dedicated
ZMC4 - Motor Control Unit Ethernet Cable

Motor 1 Cable
Encoder 1 Cable

Encoder 2 Cable Encoder Out to

Encoder In

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 Caution When connecting the system together, make sure that the Emergency stop
button is push down and this until you have properly configured the controls in
the user interface.

WARNING Do not use AC power adapters of your instruments (TOPAZ, ZMC4 and Irrigation pump)
in wet areas or when couplant management is difficult in order to avoid electrical
shock.
It is recommended to operated your instruments on batteries.

NOTE: The Encoder 2 connector of the ZMC4 is used for a 2-axis motorized scanner (second
encoder).

3. Turn On the ZMC4 and the TOPAZ.

4. When properly connected, additional sub-menus and functions related to motorization
control are available in the Mechanical and Inspections menus.

5. Create an inspection configuration (following the guidelines of the previous sections).

6. When the scanner is properly connected, the automatic detection process sets essential
variables such as the encoder resolution as well as the PID parameters (KP, KI and KD)
for servomotor control defined in the Motors sub-menu of the Mechanical menu.
7. Using the commands from the Inspection menu, you can move your scanner and adjust
the motion speed of each axis.

7 a. Set Speed to Low, Med or Max.

Max
Maximum allowed motion speed determined by your system maximum acquisition
rate.
Med
Represent 2/3 of the maximum allowed motion speed.
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 Low
Represent 1/3 of the maximum allowed motion speed.
8. Define your inspection sequence in the Mechanical menu.
9. To start your inspection when using a motorized scanner:
9 a. Go to Inspection menu.

9 b. Define Action On Start.

9 c. You can manually reset the encoder positions by tapping Reset.

9 d. You can review your current data Throughput and maximum Scanning Speed.

The maximum Scanning Speed value takes into account the current inspection
configuration (time base, number of channels/focal laws, digitalization
parameters...).
9 e. Tap Start.
Your TOPAZ is now in recording mode (data acquisition) and the scanning
sequence starts automatically.
9 f. The data acquisition will stop automatically when the end of the inspection is
reached.
You have performed a completely automated examination of your pipe-weld.

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5.6 Using Propose Setup
With an Advanced software license, your TOPAZ can propose inspection configuration as
per your defined specimen. The selected proposed setup is automatically implemented.

Warning The Propose Setup function is an inspection configuration assistant providing

basic examination setup based on your defined specimen. It is the responsibility
of the operator to validate and approve the proposed setup, i.e. all essential
variables of your inspection.

To use a proposed setup:

1. Define your Specimen.
The Propose Setup function is only enabled when you define a welded specimen.
2. Once your specimen is created, tap Propose Setup.
The Setup Creator window appears.

Proposed Setup List

3. Tap Setup to view a proposed setup list.

4. For each proposed setup, review the Setup Definition.
Validate that you have access to necessary hardware for the selected proposed setup.
5. Tap Accept.

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 An information window appears providing you with position information for the probe
holders of your WELD CRAWLER as well as the proposed channel names.

5 a. Position the probe holders according to information window.

Probe Forks
locking/unlocking

Main Support Rail

with Ruler
6. Tap OK.
A warning message appears.

7. Tap Yes to implement the proposed setup or No to cancel the implementation.

8. Review all essential parameters.

156
IMPORTANT: It is the operator’s responsibility to validate all essential parameters and that the proposed
inspection configuration is valid for the component to inspect.

Your proposed setup is now implemented.

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5.7 Using the Video Cameras and Laser
It is important to be able to visualize the behavior of your probes and/or the surface
condition during data acquisition. Therefore, you can attach to the main support rail a pair of
video cameras as well as a laser that allows you to monitor possible drift from the weld center
line as well as review surface conditions of the inspected area.
To implement video camera feed and laser pointer:
1. Mount the video camera and laser base to the main support rail of your scanner.
Position the video cameras and laser in a manner that provides relevant visual
information for your inspection.
Video Cameras

Laser

The laser is normally used to provide a visual reference to the weld center line.

158
 2. To get the video feed in your TOPAZ user interface, connect the video camera cables to
the junction box and connect the output cables to the USB port of your unit.

Dedicated Video Feed

USB Cables

Video Cables

Laser - power cable

Once connected, your TOPAZ will detect the video feed and provide access to dedicated
features.

IMPORTANT: The video cameras are powered through the USB connectors of your TOPAZ. The laser is
powered by connecting it to the cable from the encoders

3. To display the video feed from one of the cameras:

3 a. In the Channels menu, tap Current Channel in the Camera sub-menu.
3 b. Select New.
3 c. Enter the video feed channel name.

Video camera parameters are now enabled.

3 d. Specify the port of the current camera: A or B.

3 e. Specify the camera Mode:

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 Off
Video feed is turned OFF and can’t be viewed.
or
Preview Only
Video feed can be displayed but will not be stored during data acquisition.
Snapshots
Video feed can be displayed and will be recorded during data acquisition.
3 f. Define your Overlay setting:
Off
No overlay to be displayed on top of video feed.
Select Image File for Overlay
Allows you to select an image (GIF, TIFF, PNG or BMP file) to be used as an overlay
to be displayed on top of the video feed.

IMPORTANT: Your TOPAZ defines the “transparent” color of your overlay image by analyzing the color of
the first pixel in the image (top-left corner).

3 g. Tap Level and select the video feed image parameter to adjust if necessary:
- Brightness
- Contrast
- Saturation
- Hue
- Horizontal Center
- Vertical Center
- Overlay Opacity
4. To display your video feed:
4 a. Modify your display layout in order to add one empty pane per video feed.
4 b. For the new empty pane, open the View Properties and set View Type to Snapshot
Scan and the Current Channel to the desired video feed channel.

4 c. Tap Close.
You can now visualize the video feed during the setup or data acquisition. If you’ve selected
Snapshots mode, you can also review the captured video feed during data analysis.

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Figure 5-8 Video Feed Example

Laser Pointer

In analysis mode, the stored video is linked to the data cursor position in the current active
view.

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5.8 Defining a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)
With your Advanced license, you can now specify the HAZ when defining your specimen in
order to visualize its coverage.

Figure 5-9 Heat Affected Zone Parameters - Shape Editor Window

You can define the general profile of the heat affected zone as:
 Follow Weld
Limits of the HAZ follow the weld profile defined by the Weld Type parameter.
HAZ Offset

 Vertical
Limits of the HAZ are a vertical cut along the defined weld.
HAZ Offset

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5.9 Phased Array UT Thickness Measurement
Using a long phased array UT probe allows you to perform thickness measurements over
larger area, faster. The following present a generic procedure to implement thickness
measurement configuration using a phased array UT probe.

Situation Thickness inspection of a carbon steel plate with a nominal

thickness of 25.4mm (1.0in.) using one (1)LL-5MHz probe and
LL-0LW wedges.

Scanning Method Encoded raster scan

Scanning mechanism: X-Y Scanner

Recording Storing C-scan amplitude and position signals

To implement a thickness measurement configuration using a phased array UT probe:

1. Define your Specimen.
(for more information, see “Creating your Specimen” on page 70)

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 1 a. Set the Shape Type to Plate.
1 b. Specify the dimensions of the plate (Length).
1 c. Specify your specimen Thickness: 25.4mm (or 1.0in.).
1 d. Tap Accept.
Your specimen shape is now defined.

Sets the number of overlay

representing your specimen

1 e. Set your Material to Steel.

This also defines the sound velocities that will be used for the focal law calculations.
2. Define your first Channel settings.
For more information, see “Defining your Channel Settings” on page 84.

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2 a. Set your Channel name.
It is your choice to either rename the channel or leave the default name. However,
for multiple channel configuration, it is good practice to provide a meaningful name
using channel characteristics.
2 b. Set your channel Configuration to Phased Array Pulse Echo.
2 c. Select a Probe from the database (LL-5MHz).
(See “Selecting a Probe from the Database” on page 93.)
or
Manually define the Probe.
(See “Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT Probe” on page 95.)
2 d. Select a Wedge from the database (LL-0LW).
(See “Selecting a Wedge from the Database” on page 104.)
or
Manually define the Wedge.
(See “Manually Defining your Wedge” on page 106.)
2 e. In the Connection sub-menu, you can specify on which physical connection the
first element of the probe is connected. In this case, you leave transmitter probe to
pin #1.
2 f. Define your Calculator parameters.

2 g. Set your Skew Angle to 90°. For more information on the skew angle conventions,
see “Total Skew Angle” on page 318
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 2 h. Define your Scan Reference
In this particular situation, it defines the exit point of each beam as being in the
middle of your probe element secondary axis. See Figure 4-46 on page 109 and
“Specimen-related Conventions” on page 328 for more information.
2 i. Set Index Reference to 0mm.
As the situation drawing suggested, we are using the edges of the plate as the
location of our scan- and index-axis. In this particular case, the “left-back corner” of
the wedge will be placed at the origin at the start of the inspection.
2 j. Set Wave Type to Longitudinal.
Selecting the wave type defines the sound velocity used for the calculations which
comes from the material selection.
2 k. Set Sweep to Linear.
2 l. Set the refracted Angle to 0°
2 m. Set the Aperture size to 16.
2 n. Set the First Element to 1.
First element used by the first active aperture.
2 o. Set the Second Element to 128.
Last element used by the last active aperture.
2 p. Set your Focal Point to Half Path.
2 q. Set Position to 20.0mm (0.591in).
2 r. Set Timebase Type to Half Path or True Depth.
2 s. Define Timebase Start and Timebase Range.
2 t. Tap Accept.
This configuration creates 113 different beams by literally moving the active aperture (16
elements) along the array. This is also called electronic scanning.
3. Adjust your ultrasound settings (UT Settings menu).
3 a. Set your General parameters (Gain, time base...).
3 b. Set your Pulser & Receiver parameters (Voltage, Pulse Width, Rectification, Filter
and Smoothing).
4. To create C-scan data, define your Gates parameters.
4 a. Tap Gate and select Gate 1.

4 b. Set State to On.

4 c. Define the gate Start, Range and Threshold.

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 Adjust these parameters in order to monitor the inside of the plate (without the
nominal backwall location).
4 d. Set the detection mode of the gate (Trigger): Crossing or Maximum.
In this example we selected crossing for all gates
4 e. Tap Gate and select Gate 2.

4 f. Set State to On.

4 g. Define the gate Start, Range and Threshold.
Adjust these parameters in order to monitor the nominal backwall echo location.
4 h. Tap Gate and select Gate 3.

4 i. Set State to On.

4 j. Define the gate Start, Range and Threshold.
Adjust these parameters in order to monitor up to the second backwall.
5. Change your display layout.
5 a. Tap in a view to display the View Settings Toolbar.

Figure 5-10 View Settings Toolbar

5 b. Tap Layout selection.

A dedicated layout of this configuration is predefined.

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 A basic thickness measurement configuration is now completed. For signal calibration refer
to “Performing a Calibration” on page 199 and for a guide to perform the actual inspection,
see “Performing the Inspection” on page 191.

NOTE: The following steps are required to only store C-scan data; i.e. not record any A-scan
signals.

6. In the UT Settings menu, go to the Digitizer sub-menu.

7. Set Record Condition to C-Scan.

Your configuration will now only record C-scan data information.

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5.10Thickness Measurement Using Homing Gates
The following present a generic procedure to implement thickness measurement
configuration using a phased array UT probe with a water column.

Situation Thickness inspection of a carbon steel plate with a nominal

thickness of 25.4mm (1.0in.) using one (1)LL-5MHz probe and
25.4mm water column.

Scanning Method Encoded raster scan

Scanning mechanism: X-Y Scanner

Recording Storing C-scan amplitude and position signals

For some specific applications, it can be necessary to change the start position of a detection
gate according to the detection status of another. For example, if you are required to monitor
the thickness of a component with a changing inside surface profile; it becomes valuable that
a detection gate picks-up only inner defects (porosities, pitting corrosion…) without
triggering on the backwall echo, especially when performing your inspection in immersion.

Figure 5-11 Inspection Setup Example

To implement a thickness measurement configuration synchronized on the surface echo

using a phased array UT probe:
1. Define your Specimen.
(for more information, see “Creating your Specimen” on page 70)

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 1 a. Set the Shape Type to Plate.
1 b. Specify the dimensions of the plate (Length).
1 c. Specify your specimen Thickness: 25.4mm (or 1.0in.).
1 d. Tap Accept.
Your specimen shape is now defined.

Sets the number of overlay

representing your specimen

1 e. Set your Material to Steel.

This also defines the sound velocities that will be used for the focal law calculations.
2. Define your first Channel settings.
For more information, see “Defining your Channel Settings” on page 84.

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2 a. Set your Channel name.
It is your choice to either rename the channel or leave the default name. However,
for multiple channel configuration, it is good practice to provide a meaningful name
using channel characteristics.
2 b. Set your channel Configuration to Phased Array Pulse Echo.
2 c. Select a Probe from the database (LL-5MHz).
(See “Selecting a Probe from the Database” on page 93.)
or
Manually define the Probe.
(See “Manually Defining your 1D Linear Phased Array UT Probe” on page 95.)
2 d. Select a Contact for the wedge
2 e. In the Connection sub-menu, you can specify on which physical connection the
first element of the probe is connected. In this case, you leave transmitter probe to
pin #1.
2 f. Define your Calculator parameters.

2 g. Set your Skew Angle to 90°. For more information on the skew angle conventions,
see “Total Skew Angle” on page 318
2 h. Define your Scan Reference
In this particular situation, it defines the exit point of each beam as being in the
middle of your probe element secondary axis. See Figure 4-46 on page 109 and
“Specimen-related Conventions” on page 328 for more information.

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 2 i. Set Index Reference to 0mm.
As the situation drawing suggested, we are using the edges of the plate as the
location of our scan- and index-axis. In this particular case, the “left-back corner” of
the wedge will be placed at the origin at the start of the inspection.
2 j. Set Wave Type to Longitudinal.
Selecting the wave type defines the sound velocity used for the calculations which
comes from the material selection.
2 k. Set Sweep to Linear.
2 l. Set the refracted Angle to 0°
2 m. Set the Aperture size to 16.
2 n. Set the First Element to 1.
First element used by the first active aperture.
2 o. Set the Second Element to 128.
Last element used by the last active aperture.
2 p. Set your Focal Point to Half Path.
2 q. Set Position to 20.0mm (0.591in).
To optimize the focal point when performing an inspection with a water column,
some basic calculation must be made in order to consider the average water column
height in the beam forming process.
2 r. Set Timebase Type to Half Path or True Depth.
2 s. Define Timebase Start and Timebase Range.
2 t. Tap Accept.
This configuration creates 113 different beams by literally moving the active aperture (16
elements) along the array. This is also called electronic scanning.
3. Adjust your ultrasound settings (UT Settings menu).
3 a. Set your General parameters (Gain, time base...).
3 b. Set your Pulser & Receiver parameters (Voltage, Pulse Width, Rectification, Filter
and Smoothing).
4. To create C-scan data, define your Gates parameters.
4 a. Tap Gate and select Synchro.

4 b. Set State to On (True Depth).

Gate Start and Range will consider values as true depth locations.

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4 c. Define the gate Start, Range and Threshold.
Adjust these parameters in order to monitor the surface echo.
4 d. Set the detection mode of the gate (Trigger): Crossing or Maximum.
In this example we’ve selected crossing.
4 e. Set Sync to On Echo.
Data acquisition will be synchronized with the surface echo location.
4 f. Tap Gate and select Gate 1.

4 g. Set State to On (True Depth).

Gate Start and Range will consider values as true depth locations.
4 h. Define the gate Start, Range and Threshold.
Adjust these parameters in order to monitor the far surface (backwall echo) of the
plate.
4 i. Set the detection mode of the gate (Trigger): Crossing or Maximum.
In this example we selected crossing for all gates.
4 j. Set Sync to None.
4 k. Tap Gate and select Gate 2.

4 l. Set State to On.

4 m. Define the gate Start, Range and Threshold.
Adjust these parameters in order to monitor the inside of the plate
4 n. Set the detection mode of the gate (Trigger): Crossing or Maximum.
In this example we selected crossing for all gates.
4 o. Set Sync to Gate 1.
The Start of Gate 2 is now synchronized with the echo crossing position in Gate 1.

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 This configuration allows you to better characterize depth of an indication from the ID
surface with varying geometry.

Limitation With an inspection configuration similar to Figure 5-11, it is important that the
A-scan length (time base Range) must be long enough to include all detection
gates end-to-end, even if they overlap. In our example, the total time base length
should be greater than:
Time base Range >
("Gate 2 Start" - Time base Start) + "Gate 1 Width" + "Gate 2 Width"

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5.11Wall Thickness Measurements with NDT
PaintBrush™
With the NDT PaintBrush scanner, you get an enhanced experience for large surface
specimen examination. The following section provides a guide in order to prepare a wall
thickness examination with the NDT PaintBrush scanner.
Paintbrush can accommodate a wide variety of probes. The following example presents a
generic procedure to implement thickness measurement using TOPAZ.

Situation Thickness inspection of a carbon steel plate with a nominal

thickness of 12.7mm (0.5in.) using one (1) LM-5MHz probe
and LM-0LW wedges.

Scanning Method Encoded PaintBrush scan

Scanning mechanism: NDT PaintBrush Scanner

Recording Storing C-scan amplitude and position signals

To implement a thickness measurement configuration:

1. Connect your NDT PaintBrush scanner to your TOPAZ.
The auto-detection window will appear and display the newly connected scanner.

2. Tap Accept.
Encoder resolution and wheel diameters hard-coded in the NDT PaintBrush scanner are
implemented.
3. Define your Specimen.

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 3 a. Set the Shape Type to Plate.
3 b. Specify the dimensions of the plate (Length and Width).
3 c. Specify your specimen Thickness: 12.7mm (or 0.5in.).
3 d. Tap Accept.
Your specimen shape is now defined.
3 e. Set your Material to Steel.
This also defines the sound velocities that will be used for the focal law calculations.
4. Define your first Channel settings.
4 a. Set your Channel name.
It is your choice to either rename the channel or leave the default name. However,
for multiple channel configuration, it is good practice to provide a meaningful name
using channel characteristics.
4 b. Set your channel Configuration to Phased Array Pulse Echo.
4 c. Connect your phased array UT probe for auto-detection (with a 0° wedge) or select a
Probe from the database (LM-5MHz) and select a Wedge from the database (LM-
0LW Low Profile).

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4 d. Define your Calculator parameters.

4 e. Set your Skew Angle to 90°.

4 f. Define your Scan Reference
4 g. Set Index Reference to 0mm.
4 h. Set Wave Type to Longitudinal.
Selecting the wave type defines the sound velocity used for the calculations which
comes from the material selection.
4 i. Set Sweep to Linear.
4 j. Set the refracted Angle to 0°
4 k. Set the Aperture size to 16.
4 l. Set the First Element to 1.
First element used by the first active aperture.
4 m. Set the Last Element to 64.
Last element used by the last active aperture.
4 n. Set your Focal Point to Half Path.
4 o. Set Position to 10.0mm (0.393in).
4 p. Set Timebase Type to Half Path or True Depth.
4 q. Define Timebase Start and Timebase Range.
4 r. Tap Accept.

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 This configuration creates 49 different beams by literally moving the active aperture (16
elements) along the array. This is also called electronic scanning.
5. Adjust your ultrasound settings (UT Settings menu).
5 a. Set your General parameters (Gain, time base...).
5 b. Set your Pulser & Receiver parameters (Voltage, Pulse Width, Rectification, Filter
and Smoothing).
6. To create C-scan data, define your Gates parameters.
6 a. Tap Gate and select Gate 1.

6 b. Set State to On.

6 c. Define the gate Start, Range and Threshold.
Adjust these parameters in order to monitor the inside of the plate (without the
nominal back-wall location).
6 d. Set the detection mode of the gate (Trigger): Crossing or Maximum.
back-wall echo location.
7. In the UT Settings menu, go to the Digitizer sub-menu.

8. Set Record Condition to C-Scan.

Your configuration will now only record C-scan data information.
9. To define your NDT PaintBrush inspection sequence, go to the Mechanical menu.
10. In the Sequence tab, select Paintbrush.

11. In the Sequence tab, you can now define the Scan Start, Stop and Resolution.
12. In the Sequence tab, you can now define the Index Start, Stop and Resolution.
13. To position your NDT PaintBrush scanner to its start location on your specimen:

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 13 a. Go to the Paintbrush tab.
13 b. Tap Position.
The Paintbrush Position window appears.

13 c. Define Fork Offset.

The Fork Offset value depends on the wedge holder design. It is the distance
between the front of the scanner and the probe/wedge reference point (the exact
value is written on your ZETEC probe holder).
13 d. Define the Orientation Preset.
Orientation of the scanner according to the scan and index axes (see Figure 5-12).
13 e. Define the Scan Preset.
Distance between the scanner reference point and the origin of scan/index
coordinate system along the scan axis (see Figure 5-12).
13 f. Define the Index Preset.
Distance between the scanner reference point and the origin of scan/index
coordinate system along the index axis (see Figure 5-12).

IMPORTANT: It is important that your defined positioning is exactly where you will start your inspection
for your data to be properly mapped on your C-scan. Scan Reference Offset and Index
Reference Offset are automatically defined from the values above. These values are
defined per the probe/wedge assembly reference point (green dot on the front of the
scanner).

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Figure 5-12 Paintbrush Position Example

Index Preset

Scan Preset

Orientation Preset

13 g. Tap Accept once your start location and orientation are correctly defined.
Your configuration will now only record C-scan data information while freely moving the
NDT PaintBrush over the component to be examined.

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Positioning your NDT PaintBrush™ Scanner
In order for the data mapping to match how you actually moved the NDT PaintBrush over
your specimen, it is important that you define the start position and orientation of the
scanner.
To define a Paintbrush inspection sequence:
1. Go to the Mechanical menu.
2. In the Sequence tab, select Paintbrush.

In the Paintbrush tab, you have access to the Position function that provides a user-friendly
interface to define all mechanical offsets.

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Figure 5-13 Paintbrush Position Dialog box

The default location of your NDT PaintBrush scanner is in-line with the scan axis origin (left
scanner wheel) and in-line with the index axis origin (back of the scanner).
For offsets calculation, the software uses the point in the middle of wheels as a reference.

182
Figure 5-14 Paintbrush Reference Position

Scanner Reference Position

To position your NDT PaintBrush scanner, you can either enter preset and offsets values or
use your finger to tap on different locations.
If you tap the specimen corners, the NDT PaintBrush scanner will automatically be
positioned there and the offsets will be changed accordingly.

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Figure 5-15 Quick Positioning Example

If you click on the scanner itself, it will rotate clockwise by 90°. Each additional tap, rotates
the scanner 90° and the preset and offsets values are adjusted automatically.

Figure 5-16 Scanner Rotation Example

You can also invert the scan/index representation by modifying the Inverted Representation
parameter.

184
Figure 5-17 Inverted Representation Example

As previously mentioned, you can manually change the different parameters to position your
scanner/probe/wedge assembly on your specimen.

185
Figure 5-18 Paintbrush Position Example: Orientation Preset, Scan Preset and Index Preset

Index Preset

Scan Preset

Orientation Preset

186
Figure 5-19 Paintbrush Position Example: Fork Offset, Scan Reference Offset and Index Reference
Offset

Index
Reference Offset

Fork Offset
Scan Reference Offset

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Adjusting Encoder Resolution for New Wheel Diameters
The process that allows the coverage calculations to follow the NDT PaintBrush motion over
your specimen requires precise wheel diameter input (with an accuracy of 0.1mm).
To adjust your NDT PaintBrush wheel diameters:
1. Go to the Mechanical menu.
2. Select the Paintbrush tab.
3. Tap Calibrate.
The Calibrate Wheels dialog box appears.

4. Enter the Left and Right wheel diameters.

5. New Encoder Resolution shows the computed resolution for the new wheel (for Left and
Right).
6. Tap Accept.
The new encoder resolutions are burned in the memory chip of your NDT PaintBrush
scanner.

IMPORTANT: It is important to validate your encoder resolution base on the applicable code for your
examination.

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Using the Probe Position Marker
The probe position marker is a live cursor that displays the probes’ position in real time
during the inspection. It provides a reliable and constant visual feedback for encoded
scanning sequences and is the perfect tool to ensure complete examination coverage when
using your NDT PaintBrush™ scanner.
The probe cursor is displayed as a pink marker in your volumetric views (Top, Side and End).

Figure 5-20 Probe Cursor on VC-Top (C) Display for a Focal Law

Probe Cursor

Probe Location

The orientation and length of the Probe Cursor, in the displayed view, is computed based on
the selected focal law beam orientation (refracted and skew angles). By default, the probe
cursor is always displayed in your Top, Side and End views.
To change the Probe Cursor properties:
1. Tap in the desired view (Top, Side or End) to display the View Settings toolbar.

2. Tap View Properties.

The View Properties window appears.
3. Tap Probe Cursor to display the different options.

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Figure 5-21 View Properties Window - Probe Cursor Options

4. Select between:
• Always
To always display the Probe Cursor (in setup and acquisition mode).
• Acquisition Only
To display the Probe Cursor only during data acquisition.
• Hide
To hide the Probe Cursor.
You can now adjust the Probe Cursor settings to better fit your application.

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5.12Performing the Inspection
This section describes how to record ultrasound data with the TOPAZ acquisition units. The
ultrasound data will be stored into a .UVData file, which also contains by default the
hardware setup of the acquisition unit (.UVSetup file) and the display setup (.UVDisplay file).
Ultrasound data are available for analysis by retrieving your data from the TOPAZ’s hard disk
at any time or by transferring the data files to a remote computer.

Preparing your Inspection Setup

To prepare the inspection setup:
1. Start your TOPAZ.
2. Define your inspection configuration parameters.
OR
Load an inspection setup file (.UVSetup), see “Opening Setup Files” on page 51.
3. Select the appropriate display layout for your inspection.
4. Calibrate your system, see “Phased Array UT Signal Calibration - Complete” on page 199.
5. Position your scanner or transducer on the specimen at the start position of your
inspection sequence.
6. Adjust the Scan and Index encoder positions to match the actual position of your
scanning mechanism.
7. Review your ultrasound parameters.

Defining the File Naming Options

When it comes to saving your data files, the behavior of the software interface depends on the
selected options for the file names.
To define the file naming options:
1. In the Other sub-menu of the File menu, tap Naming Option.
The File Naming window appears.

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Figure 5-22 File Naming Window

2. Set the Action on save:

• Ask for name
At data acquisition stop, a standard Save window appears and the operator must enter a
file name for data storage.
• Confirm name
At data acquisition stop, a standard Save window appears and the operator is asked to
confirm the automated file name as defined with the Naming option function.
• Save with provided name
At data acquisition stop, the data is stored automatically with the automated file name
defined with the Naming option function.
3. Validate storage Directory.
When tapping on Directory a standard browsing window appears; it allows you to select
the destination directory for the saved files.
4. Enter the Base Name.
Tap once to display the Base Name window and manually enter the “prefix” part of the
data file name.
OR
Tap Propose Name.
Your TOPAZ automatically propose a file name based on the currently defined
configuration (specimen type and thickness, selected probe, general focal law
configuration, etc.).

192
Figure 5-23 Propose Name Example

5. Specify if other information are to be included with the file name:

• Sequence Info
Adds inspection sequence information to the file name.

Propose name Sequence Information

• Append Date
Adds the date information (file save) to the file name
• Append Time
Adds the time of file save to the file name
• Append Incremental
Adds an increment value for repeated inspection.

Figure 5-24 Example of File Name

Propose name Date Time

Sequence Information Increment

6. Tap Accept.
Your file naming selection will be applied at each data acquisition stop.

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Starting and Saving Acquisition
To start the acquisition:
1. Go to Inspection menu.

Figure 5-25 Inspection Menu

2. Define Action On Start.

• None
No particular action will be performed at acquisition start.
• Reset Encoder
Encoder positions will be set at their preset position (Mechanical menu).
• External

3. You can manually reset the encoder positions by tapping Reset.

4. You can review your current data Throughput and maximum Scanning Speed.

The maximum Scanning Speed value takes into account the current inspection
configuration (time base, number of channels/focal laws, digitalization parameters...).
5. Tap Start.
Your TOPAZ is now in recording mode (data acquisition).
6. To stop the data acquisition, Tap Stop.
A Save Data window appears.

194
Figure 5-26 Save Data Window

7. Enter a filename or leave the default name and tap Accept to return to the setup mode.
or
Tap Cancel to discard the stored data and return to the setup mode.

Interrupting an Acquisition (Pause)

The TOPAZ allows you to momentarily interrupt your data acquisition in order to review
acquired data.
 Tap Pause in the Inspection menu.
When paused, encoder position recording and data acquisition is suspended. If needed,
you can pause your inspection sequence and review currently stored data using the Data
cursor in Top (C), Side (B)and End (D) views to refresh A-scan and sectorial scan views.
 To resume, tap Resume in the Inspection menu.

Using the Shortcut Buttons

The inspection commands (Start, Stop, Reset, Save Data...) are available in the shortcut
section of the UltraVision Touch user interface.

195
Using the Action Buttons
The inspection commands (Start, Stop, Pause, Resume...) are available in the action buttons
located on the right-side of the TOPAZ interface.

Figure 5-27 Actions Buttons

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5.13Managing Alarms
Your TOPAZ is equipped with alarm signals (the front panel LEDs) that can be configured
from the Alarms sub-menu of the UT Settings menu.

Figure 5-28

To use the alarms, you have to define a set of conditions based on the status of the signal
within a defined detection gate.
For each alarm, you can define up to three (3) conditions that have to be met before the
alarm is turned on.
Each condition that sets the alarm status can be defined as:
 None
Associated condition is not used for alarm status determination.
 Not Gate i
No signals crossing the associated gate threshold.
 Gate i
A signal is crossing the associated gate threshold.

IMPORTANT: Condition 1 must be first defined before Condition 2 is enabled. Condition 3 will be
enabled only when Condition 2 is defined.

You can also set the interpretation logic:

 Normal
Alarm status (red or green light) is determine by the normal interpretation of the defined
conditions.
 Inverted
Alarm status (red or green light) is determine by the inverted interpretation of the
defined conditions.

197
198
6 Performing a Calibration
The UltraVision Touch interface offers dedicated tools to perform online ultrasound signals
calibration as well as position encoder signals calibration according to your application needs
and procedure requirements.
Calibration can be performed through interfaces adapted to single beam or multi-beam/
multi-channel calibration as well as for TOFD configurations.
This chapter focuses on the available calibration tools.

6.1 Phased Array UT Signal Calibration - Complete

Phased array UT calibration is performed through the Calibration menu.

Figure 6-1 Calibration Menu

The Calibration menu contains the following sub-menus:

 Laws

Velocity
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate your sound velocity to set your
timebase, i.e. properly define the view rulers.
Wedge Delay
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate your wedge delay, i.e. refine the
wedge delay value for each individual beam.
Sensitivity
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate the sensitivity, i.e. setting the
signal amplitude of a reflector to be the same for all beams.
TCG
Selecting this option allows you to set TCG points for all considered beams.
Or

DAC
Selecting a DAC option in the TCG/DAC sub-menu of the UT Settings menu
allows you to set DAC points for all considered beams.

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  Other

Element Check
Selecting this feature allows you to perform individual element verification of
phased array probes.

200
Generic Phased Array UT Signal Calibration Procedure
For each type of calibrations, the steps to perform are fairly the same:
1. Create your inspection configuration.
2. Select an appropriate calibration block.
3. Go in the Calibration menu.
4. Select the type of calibration you wish to perform.

Each calibration process have distinctive parameters to define. However, the

manipulations of the search unit (transducer) are similar.
5. Specify the different parameters for the calibration (reflector type, target value,
tolerances, time base range to locate reflector...).
6. Clear the current signal envelope.
7. Scan your calibration block in order that all beams “see” an optimized response
(maximum amplitude) from the selected reflector (radius, backwall, side-drilled-hole...).

201
Figure 6-2 Example: Scanning a Radius (Wedge Delay Calibration)

Caution When performing a calibration, you should pay attention to the following:
 Coupling
Make sure that you have sufficient and constant coupling for the
calibration.
 Probe skewing and holding “pressure”
When manually scanning a calibration block, make sure you limit
the probe skewing due to hand motion and that you apply constant
pressure on your probe.

8. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary modifications to either adjust individual focal law
gain or wedge delay.
9. To complete the calibration process:
• Tap Accept.
Your unit returns to the setup mode and fully implements the modification accepted
with the calibration process.
• Tab Reset.
The modifications done by the current calibration are erased (undo). You can restart
the calibration process for better results.
• Tap Cancel.
Your unit returns to the setup mode without applying the modifications of the current
calibration process (undo).

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Calibration Status Indicators
In the device status information area, the TOPAZ displays five (5) calibration indicators
providing you with current status of ultrasound signal calibration.

Figure 6-3 Calibration Status Indicators

Each of these indicators makes a direct reference to a calibration setting:

Reference Gain (Ref):

Provides indication if a reference gain has been set in your current setup:
 [Gray]: No reference gain has been defined.
 [Green]: A reference gain is defined.
Sound Velocity Calibration (V):
Provides indication if a sound velocity calibration has been performed in your
current setup:
 [Gray]: No sound velocity calibration has been done.
 [Yellow]: Sound velocity calibration is done but at least one
channel has not been calibrated yet.
 [Green]: Sound velocity calibration is done for all existing
channels.
Wedge Delay Calibration (us):
Provides indication if a wedge delay calibration has been performed in your
current setup:
 [Gray]: No wedge delay calibration has been done.
 [Yellow]: Wedge delay calibration is done but at least one
channel has not been calibrated yet.
 [Green]: Wedge delay calibration is done for all existing
channels.

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 Sensitivity Calibration (dB):
Provides indication if a sensitivity calibration has been performed in your
current setup:
 [Gray]: No sensitivity calibration has been done.
 [Yellow]: Sensitivity calibration is done but at least one channel
has not been calibrated yet.
 [Green]: Sensitivity calibration is done for all existing
channels.
TCG Calibration (TCG):
Provides indication if a TCG curve calibration has been performed in your
current setup:
 [Gray]: No TCG curve calibration has been done.
 [Yellow]: TCG curve calibration is done but cat least one
channel has not been calibrated yet.
 [Green]: TCG curve calibration is done for all existing channels.

With a multiple channel configuration, you can view the exact status of each by tapping on
the calibration status indicator.

Figure 6-4 Individual Channel Calibration Status

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Calibration Display Layout
After you’ve selected the type of calibration, your display layout is automatically changed to
the calibration layout.

Figure 6-5 Calibration Layout for a Phased Array UT Channel

Start & Stop
(Range) of
seach area

Current A-scan
Current Focal (selected focal
law Cursor law)
(black)

Amplitude
Cursor (red)
Target area
(amplitude or
depth with
Amplitude tolerance limits)
or
Distance Calibration
(Half path/ view
true depth)

Beam axis
(focal laws)
Absolute maximum Current maximum amplitude
amplitude location curve location curve
(red - amplitude or distance) (blue - amplitude or distance)

The calibration display layout contains the following:

 Live ultrasound signal views:
• VC sectorial scan view (in phased array):
Display the live signal of all the focal laws.
- Current focal Law cursor (black):
This cursor is used to select the current focal law and therefore the associated A-Scan
signal displayed.
- Amplitude cursor (red):
This cursor indicates the beam (focal law) with the highest amplitude.
- Search area (red dashed lines):
These dashed lines show the area where the calibration tool will search for the
reflector signal. This area is defined by the Start and Range parameters.

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 • Linked online A-scan view:
Displays the A-scan signal of the currently selected focal law.
 Calibration view
This live view displays the general behavior of the signal for the current calibration
process.
• Vertical axis:
This axis displays either an amplitude or distance (in half path or true depth) according
to the current calibration process.
• Horizontal axis (Beam axis):
This axis displays the beams of the current channel.
• Blue curve:
This curve displays the current maximum amplitude location (amplitude value or
distance). The curve is updated by any change in signal amplitude within the defined
search area.
• Red curve:
This curve represent the absolute maximum amplitude location (amplitude value or
distance). This curve is constructed with the maximum amplitude reached by the blue
curve for each beam during the scanning of the calibration reflector.
• Tolerance area:
This rectangle represents the target value, either in amplitude (for sensitivity
calibration or TCG creation) or distance (half path or true depth for wedge delay or
velocity calibration) and the limits set by the tolerances.

206
Performing a Sound Velocity Calibration
The sound velocity calibration process is used to set the velocity considered for the ultrasound
axis ruler scales when the ruler is set in distance. A sound velocity calibration process
requires the definition of 2 different reflectors.
To perform a velocity calibration:
1. In the Calibration menu, select Velocity.

Figure 6-6 Velocity Calibration: Reflector 1

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define:

2 a. Reflector Type.
- Depth
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same true depth (ex.: calibration using a
side-drilled-hole).
- Radius
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same half path, i.e. sound path (ex.:
calibration using a backwall echo coming from a curved calibration block).
2 b. Detection Mode: Manual (both Cursors) or Maximum Amplitude.
2 c. Search area: Start and Range.
These values are either defined in true depth or half path (i.e. sound path) according
to the Reflector Type.
2 d. Detection Threshold.
Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection.
2 e. For depth reflectors (such as side-drilled-holes), you have to define their Diameter.
2 f. Target.
Defines the nominal position of the reflector.

Figure 6-7 Velocity Calibration: Reflector 2

3. Define your Reflector 2, in the same manner you have defined the Reflector 1.

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 4. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define:

Figure 6-8 Velocity Calibration: Calibration

4 a. Select the beam that will be used for the calibration (Current Beam).
It is good practice to select a beam that provides the best signal response from the
selected reflectors.
4 b. Adjust the general channel Gain, if necessary, to avoid saturation.
4 c. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
4 d. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector 1 (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
4 e. Tap Compute 1.
4 f. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector 2 (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
4 g. Tap Compute 2.
The TOPAZ computes the sound velocity in order to position both reflectors’
maximum amplitude at their target position.
5. You can re-scan the reflectors to verify that their location is within the tolerance and tap
Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

208
Performing Wedge Delay Calibration
The wedge delay calibration process is used to set the individual focal law wedge delay in
order that each beam provides the same depth location (true depth or sound path) for a
reflector.
To perform a wedge delay calibration:
1. In the Calibration menu, select Wedge Delay.

Figure 6-9 Wedge Delay Calibration Parameters

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define:

2 a. Reflector Type.
- Depth
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same true depth (ex.: calibration using a
side-drilled-hole).
- Radius
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same half path, i.e. sound path (ex.:
calibration using a backwall echo coming from a curved calibration block).
2 b. Search area: Start and Range.
These values are either defined in true depth or half path (i.e. sound path) according
to the Reflector Type.
2 c. Detection Threshold.
Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection.
2 d. Target.
Defines the nominal location of the reflector; therefore the target location used for
the computation of the individual wedge delays.
2 e. Tolerance.
Defines the lower and upper limit the reflector location can reach according to your
procedure. These limits are useful for calibration check. In the information field
area, a Tolerance status is displayed according to those settings and actual signal
amplitude.
2 f. Diameter.
For Depth reflector, specify the diameter of the calibration reflector. This value is
taken into account during the computation.

209
Figure 6-10 Wedge Delay Calibration/Calibrate Parameters

3. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

3 a. Adjust the general channel Gain, if necessary, to avoid saturation.
3 b. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
3 c. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
3 d. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary wedge delay modification for each individual
focal laws.
4. You can re-scan the reflector to verify that the location of the reflector is within the
tolerance and tap Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

210
Performing Sensitivity Calibration
The sensitivity calibration process is used to set the individual focal law gain in order that
each beam provides the same amplitude for a reflector.
To perform a sensitivity calibration:
1. In the Calibration menu, select Sensitivity.

Figure 6-11 Sensitivity Calibration Parameters

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define:

2 a. Reflector Type.
- Depth
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same true depth (ex.: calibration using a
side-drilled-hole).
- Radius
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same half path, i.e. sound path (ex.:
calibration using a backwall echo coming from a curved calibration block).
2 b. Search area: Start and Range.
These values are either defined in true depth or half path (i.e. sound path) according
to the Reflector Type.
2 c. Detection Threshold
Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection.
2 d. Target.
Defines the signal amplitude for the reflector.
2 e. Tolerance.
Defines the lower and upper limit the amplitude can reach according to your
procedure. These limits are useful for calibration check. In the information field
area, a Tolerance status is displayed according to those settings and actual signal
amplitude.

Figure 6-12 Sensitivity Calibration/Calibrate Parameters

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 3. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;
3 a. Adjust the general channel Gain, if necessary, to avoid saturation.
3 b. Tap Sector to define which focal laws will use the current reflector for the sensitivity
calibration.
3 c. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
3 d. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
3 e. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary gain modification for each individual focal
laws.
4. You can re-scan the reflector to verify that the amplitude of the reflector is within the
tolerance and tap Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

212
Creating a TCG
The TCG creation process is used to define the gain correction applied to the signal of each
individual beam in order to get the same amplitude response for reflectors located at different
depths.
To create a TCG:
1. In the Calibration menu, select TCG.

Figure 6-13 TCG Parameters

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define:

2 a. Reflector Type.
- Depth
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same true depth (ex.: calibration using a
side-drilled-hole).
- Radius
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same half path, i.e. sound path (ex.:
calibration using a backwall echo coming from a curved calibration block).
2 b. Detection Threshold.
Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection.
2 c. Target.
Amplitude value used as target for gain adjustment.
2 d. Tolerance.
Defines the lower and upper limits the amplitude can reach according to your
procedure. These limits are useful for calibration check. In the information field
area, a Tolerance status is displayed according to those settings and actual signal
amplitude.

Figure 6-14 TCG/Calibrate Parameters

3. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

213
 3 a. Tap Sector to select the focal laws that will use the desired reflector for the
calibration.
3 b. Search area: Start and Range.
These values are either defined in true depth or half path (i.e. sound path) according
to the Reflector Type.
3 c. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
3 d. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
3 e. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary gain modification for each individual focal
laws.
4. You can re-scan the reflector to verify that the amplitude is within the tolerance.
5. Tap Confirm if the amplitude of the reflector is satisfactory.
6. Repeat these steps for all TCG points to create.
7. Tap Accept when all TCG points are defined.

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Using the TCG Auto Calibration
The TCG Auto calibration allows you to create multiple TCG points in one single scan, using
one detection gate with the appropriate start and range to cover all reflectors.
To create a TCG using TCG Auto feature:
1. In the Calibration menu, select TCG.
The TCG Auto Calibration menu appears.
2. In the Parameters tab, set:
2 a. 0
2 b. Reflector Type
2 c. Detection gate Threshold
2 d. Signal amplitude Target
2 e. Verification Tolerance for signal amplitude
2 f. Detection Blanking
It defines the minimum distance between the reflectors in true depth.
3. In the Calibration tab, set:
3 a. Sector
3 b. Start and Range of the detection gate
Ensure that these values allows the detection gate to cover all reflectors.
4. Scan the reflectors by moving your probe over your calibration specimen.
5. Tap Compute.
All your TCG points are now created.
6. Tap Accept if TCG points are acceptable.

215
Creating a DAC
The DAC creation process is used to establish a graphic reference level sensitivity as a function
of sound path on your A-scan display.
To create a DAC:
1. Go to the UT Settings menu.
2. Select TCG/DAC sub-menu.
3. Select the appropriate option for the Mode parameter.
• TCG
See “Creating a TCG” on page 213 for more information.
• DAC
Creation of a standard DAC curve.
• ASME 3 DAC
Creation of a DAC curve according to ASME code for ultrasonic inspection.
• JIS DAC
Creation of a DAC curve according to Japanese Industrial Standard for ultrasonic
inspection.
• CNDAC
Creation of a DAC curve according to Chinese industrial standard for ultrasonic
inspection.
4. In the Calibration menu, select DAC.

Figure 6-15 DAC Parameters

5. In the Reflector sub-menu, define:

5 a. Reflector Type.
- Depth
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same true depth (ex.: calibration using a
side-drilled-hole).
- Radius
Reflector maximum amplitude will be at the same half path, i.e. sound path (ex.:
calibration using a backwall echo coming from a calibration block).
5 b. Detection Threshold.

216
 Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection.
5 c. Target.
Amplitude value used as target for gain adjustment.
5 d. Tolerance.
Defines the lower and upper limits the amplitude can reach according to your
procedure. These limits are useful for calibration check. In the information field
area, a Tolerance status is displayed according to those settings and actual signal
amplitude.

Figure 6-16 TCG/Calibrate Parameters

6. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

6 a. Tap Sector to select the focal laws that will use the desired reflector for the
calibration.
6 b. Search area: Start and Range.
These values are either defined in true depth or half path (i.e. sound path) according
to the Reflector Type.
6 c. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
6 d. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
6 e. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary gain modification for each individual focal
laws.
7. You can re-scan the reflector to verify that the amplitude is within the tolerance.
8. Tap Confirm if the amplitude of the reflector is satisfactory.
9. Repeat these steps for all DAC points to create.
10. Tap Accept when all DAC points are defined.

217
Phased Array UT Probe - Individual Element Check
The ELEMENT CHECK process is used to validate that each piezo-electric crystals of your
phased array UT probe are working within specific parameter range. This process can be
performed with the probe directly in contact with a component or mounted on a wedge.
To perform an ELEMENT CHECK:
1. In the Other sub-menu of the Calibration menu, select Element Check.
Your TOPAZ unit automatically creates linear focal laws using only one (1) element as the
active aperture. It allows you to monitored the signal response of each individual probe
element in the Element check display layout.

Figure 6-17 Element Check Display Layout

VC sectorial scan

Individual Probe
Element Signal
Response from
Reflector

2. Select the Reflector Type:

• Auto
Your system automatically identifies highest amplitude signal for each element.
• Depth
Allows you to manually define a Start and Range to the detection gate in order to
monitor a specific signal.
3. Set the Sensitivity Drop.
Defines the overall amplitude response variation.

218
 4. Enter the total number of Accepted Elements.
Defines the total number of elements that will not meet the criteria but will still be
acceptable for the probe operation.
5. Set the number of Consecutive Element
Defines the number of consecutive elements that can fail the test but will still be
acceptable for the probe operation.
6. In the Check sub-menu, adjust the Gain setting.
7. Tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the element check view.
8. Tap Compute.
During the computation process, your TOPAZ will validate the possible orientation of
the your probe on a wedge. If the probe is placed in reverse, the following message will
appear.

Figure 6-18 Probe Reversal Warning

9. Click Yes if you want to set the Reverse Probe parameter to “yes” in the Calculator.
10. If you are satisfied with the element check process, tap Accept.
When the element check is successful according to your defined criteria, the element check
status indicator, located in the device status information area, becomes green.

Figure 6-19 Calibration Status Indicators and Element Check Status Indicators

219
6.2 Phased Array UT Signal Calibration - Single
Law
Phased array UT signal calibration can be performed as presented in “Phased Array UT
Signal Calibration - Complete” on page 199 or you have the option to validate the signal of a
single focal law (1 beam) and apply relevant modifications to all implemented focal laws in
the current channel.
To enable this option:
1. Go to the Tools menu.

2. Tap Options.
The Options window appears.

Figure 6-20 Options Window

3. Select Calibration.
4. Tap Calibration Level.
You have the choice between:
• Laws Only
Default calibration option that allows complete signal calibration of all focal laws (see
“Phased Array UT Signal Calibration - Complete” on page 199).
• Channel and Laws
Allows to choose between the complete signal calibration and single law validation/
calibration.
5. Select Channel and Laws.
6. Tap Accept.

220
 Additional calibration buttons are now available in the Calibration menu (Channel sub-
menu).

Figure 6-21 Calibration Menu - Channel and Laws Options

Single Law Calibration Buttons

When Channel and Laws is selected, you can perform wedge delay, sensitivity and TCG
calibration base on the signal of a single focal law.

221
Performing Wedge Delay Calibration - Single Law
The wedge delay calibration process using signal from one focal law is used to define a wedge
delay to be applied to all beams in the current channel; i.e. the same delay correction is
applied to all beams.
To perform a wedge delay calibration:
1. Select the Current Beam to use for calibration.
It is good practice when performing a angle beam examination (Azimuthal focal laws) to
select the beam that represent the nominal refracted angle when considering the wedge
angle.
2. In the Calibration menu, select Wedge Delay (single law).

Figure 6-22 Wedge Delay Calibration Parameters

3. In the Reflector sub-menu, define calibration parameters in the same manner as shown
in “Performing Wedge Delay Calibration” on page 209 for complete calibration.

Figure 6-23 Wedge Delay Calibration Parameters

4. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

4 a. Adjust the general channel Gain, if necessary, to avoid saturation.
4 b. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
4 c. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
4 d. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary wedge delay modification for selected focal law
and applies it to all focal laws in the channel.
5. You can re-scan the reflector to verify that the location of the reflector is within the
tolerance and tap Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

222
Performing Sensitivity Calibration - Single Law
The sensitivity calibration process using signal from one focal law is used to define a focal law
gain offset to be applied to all beams in the current channel; i.e. the same gain correction is
applied to all beams.
To perform a sensitivity calibration:
1. In the Calibration menu, select Sensitivity.

Figure 6-24 Sensitivity Calibration Parameters

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define calibration parameters in the same manner as shown
in “Performing Sensitivity Calibration” on page 211 for complete calibration.

Figure 6-25 Sensitivity Calibration/Calibrate Parameters

3. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

3 a. Adjust the general channel Gain, if necessary, to avoid saturation.
3 b. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
3 c. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
3 d. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary gain modification for selected focal law and
applies it to all focal laws in the channel.
4. You can re-scan the reflector to verify that the amplitude of the reflector is within the
tolerance and tap Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

Creating a TCG - Single Law

The TCG calibration process using signal from one focal law is used to define the gain
corrections to be applied to all beams in the current channel.
To create a TCG:
1. In the Calibration menu, select TCG.
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Figure 6-26 TCG Parameters

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define calibration parameters in the same manner as shown
in “Creating a TCG” on page 213 for complete calibration.

Figure 6-27 TCG/Calibrate Parameters

3. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

3 a. Search area: Start and Range.
These values are either defined in true depth or half path (i.e. sound path) according
to the Reflector Type.
3 b. Position the transducer on the calibration block and tap Clear Envelope.
This clears the signal memory buffer and current curves in the calibration view.
3 c. Move the transducer in order to scan the reflector (as shown in Figure 6-2 on
page 202).
3 d. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary gain modification and applies the same gain
offset to all focal laws in the current channel at the same location (half path or true
depth).
4. You can re-scan the reflector to verify that the amplitude is within the tolerance.
5. Tap Confirm if the amplitude of the reflector is satisfactory.
6. Repeat these steps for all TCG points to create.
7. Tap Accept when all TCG points are defined.

224
6.3 Conventional UT Signal Calibration
Conventional UT calibration is performed through the Calibration menu.

Figure 6-28 Calibration Menu

The Calibration menu contains the following:

Velocity
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate your sound velocity to set your
timebase, i.e. properly define the view rulers.
Wedge Delay
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate your wedge delay, i.e. refine the
wedge delay.
Sensitivity
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate the sensitivity, i.e. setting the
signal amplitude of a reflector.
TCG
When selecting this option allows you to set TCG points.

225
Generic Conventional UT Signal Calibration Procedure
For each type of calibrations, the steps to perform are fairly the same:
1. Create your inspection configuration.
2. Select an appropriate calibration block.
3. Go in the Calibration menu.
4. Select the type of calibration you wish to perform.

Each calibration process have distinctive parameters to define. However, the

manipulations of the search unit (transducer) are similar.
5. Specify the different parameters for the calibration (reflector type, target value,
tolerances, time base range to locate reflector...).
6. Clear the current signal envelope.
7. Scan your calibration block in order that all beams “see” an optimized response
(maximum amplitude) from the selected reflector (radius, backwall, side-drilled-hole...).
For each type of calibration, the procedure to follow is similar to the one in phased array UT
with the exception that only one beam is being calibrated. For more information, review
“Phased Array UT Signal Calibration - Complete” on page 199.

226
6.4 TOFD Signal Calibration
TOFD calibration is performed through the Calibration menu.

Figure 6-29 Calibration Menu

The Calibration menu contains the following:

Sensitivity TOFD
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate your sound velocity to set your
timebase, i.e. properly define the view rulers.
WD TOFD
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate your wedge delay and set your
calibrated ultrasound ruler.
Complete TOFD
Selecting this calibration allows you to calibrate the wedge delay and another
parameter (PCS, Velocity or part Thickness) according to known parameters.

227
Generic TOFD Signal Calibration Procedure
For each type of calibrations, the steps to perform are fairly the same:
1. Create your inspection configuration.
2. Select an appropriate calibration block.
3. Position your TOFD search unit in order to visualize lateral wave and backwall signals in
an area free of indications/reflectors (unless otherwise specified by your inspection
procedure).
4. Go in the Calibration menu.
5. Select the type of calibration you wish to perform.

6. Specify the different parameters for the calibration (reflector type, target value...).
7. Maximize the signal used for calibration.
8. Tap Compute.
Your TOFD signal will be calibrated according to the actions performed.

228
Performing a TOFD Sensitivity Calibration
To perform a sensitivity calibration:
1. In the Calibration menu, select Sensitivity TOFD.

Figure 6-30 Sensitivity Calibration Parameters

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define:

2 a. Reflector Type.
- Lateral Wave
The lateral wave signal (usually considered the zero position in depth) is used for the
calibration. Gate 1 is automatically positioned over the expected lateral wave signal
area.
- Backwall
The backwall signal (usually considered the 100% thickness) is used for the
calibration. The Gate 1 is automatically positioned over the expected backwall signal
area.
- Custom
Allows you to modify the Start and Range of Gate 1 for the calibration process
2 b. Target.
Defines the signal amplitude for the reflector. The default amplitude target value
can be specified in the Amplitude section of the Options window (Tools menu).

2 c. Detection Threshold

229
 Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection. The
threshold is an absolute value; therefore the gate considers both positive and
negative signals.

Figure 6-31 Sensitivity Calibration/Calibrate Parameters

3. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

3 a. Adjust the general channel Gain, if necessary.
3 b. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary channel gain modification.
4. Tap Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

230
Performing a TOFD Wedge Delay Calibration
The wedge delay TOFD calibration process is used to set the ultrasound ruler scale with the
correct range and increments.
To perform a wedge delay calibration:
1. In the Calibration menu, select WD TOFD.

Figure 6-32 WD Calibration Parameters

2. In the Reflector sub-menu, define:

2 a. Reflector Type.
- Lateral Wave
The lateral wave signal (usually considered the zero position in depth) is used for the
calibration. Gate 1 is automatically positioned over the expected lateral wave signal
area. The target Depth is automatically set at 0 and can’t be modified.
- Backwall
The backwall signal (usually considered the 100% thickness) is used for the
calibration. The Gate 1 is automatically positioned over the expected backwall signal
area. The target Depth is automatically set at the nominal thickness of the specimen
and can’t be modified.
- Custom
Allows you to modify the Start and Range of Gate 1 for the calibration process as
well as defining the actual Depth of the selected signal.
2 b. Detection Threshold
Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection. The
threshold is an absolute value; therefore the gate considers both positive and
negative signals.
2 c. Detection Mode.
Defines the gate detection mode:
- First Peak
The first signal peak above the gate threshold is considered for the calibration
process.

231
 - Zero Crossing
For the first peak crossing the gate threshold, it considers the location where the
signal amplitude will cross zero (0%).
- Maximum Amplitude
The maximum amplitude peak location above the gate threshold is considered for
the calibration process.
- Manual (Ref. Cursor)
The Reference cursor position is considered for the calibration process. This red
cursor should be positioned at a relevant signal location for calibration.

Figure 6-33 WD TOFD Calibration/Calibrate Parameters

3. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

3 a. Verify the basic parameters:
- Velocity
- PCS
- Nominal Thickness
3 b. Adjust the general channel Gain if necessary.
3 c. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary channel wedge delay in order to provide a
calibrated ultrasound axis scale.
4. Tap Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

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Performing Complete TOFD Calibration
A complete TOFD calibration allows you to either perform:
 Wedge Delay and Velocity calibration (WD + Velocity)
 Wedge Delay and Thickness (WD + Thickness)
 Wedge Delay and Probe-Center-Separation calibration (WD + PCS)
You select the calibration type according to the known parameters. Each of these calibrations
require the use of two (2) reflectors).
To perform a complete TOFD calibration:
1. In the Calibration menu, select WD TOFD.

Figure 6-34 Complete TOFD Calibration Parameters

2. In the Reflector 1 sub-menu, define:

2 a. Reflector Type.
- Lateral Wave
The lateral wave signal (usually considered the zero position in depth) is used for the
calibration. Gate 1 is automatically positioned over the expected lateral wave signal
area. The target Depth is automatically set at 0 and can’t be modified.
- Backwall
The backwall signal (usually considered the 100% thickness) is used for the
calibration. The Gate 1 is automatically positioned over the expected backwall signal
area. The target Depth is automatically set at the nominal thickness of the specimen
and can’t be modified.
- Custom
Allows you to modify the Start and Range of Gate 1 for the calibration process as
well as defining the actual location (Target) of the selected signal.
2 b. Detection Threshold
Value of the gate threshold used for calibration reflector signal detection. The
threshold is an absolute value; therefore the gate considers both positive and
negative signals.

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 2 c. Detection Mode.
Defines the gate detection mode:
- First Peak
The first signal peak above the gate threshold is considered for the calibration
process.
- Zero Crossing
For the first peak crossing the gate threshold, it considers the location where the
signal amplitude will cross zero (0%).
- Maximum Amplitude
The maximum amplitude peak location above the gate threshold is considered for
the calibration process.
- Manual (Ref. Cursor)
The Reference cursor position is considered for the calibration process. This red
cursor should be positioned at a relevant signal location for calibration.
3. In the Reflector 2 sub-menu, define the parameters in the same manner as for
Reflector 1. Note that Gate 2 is assigned to the second reflector.

Figure 6-35 Complete TOFD Calibration/Calibrate Parameters

4. In the Calibrate sub-menu, define;

4 a. Verify the basic parameters:
- Velocity
- PCS
- Nominal Thickness
4 b. Adjust the general channel Gain if necessary.
4 c. Define the type of calibration:
- Wedge Delay and Velocity calibration (WD + Velocity)
- Wedge Delay and Thickness (WD + Thickness)
- Wedge Delay and Probe-Center-Separation calibration (WD + PCS)
4 d. Tap Compute.
The TOPAZ computes the necessary channel wedge delay in order to provide a
calibrated ultrasound axis scale.
5. Tap Accept if the result of the calibration is satisfactory.

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6.5 Encoder Signal Calibration
To calibrate an encoder, you must determine the number of steps necessary for a movement
of 1 millimeter, 1 inch, or 1 degree. This is done by moving the encoder for a known distance
and adjusting the Resolution parameter until the correct distance traveled is displayed.
To calibrate encoders:
1. In the Mechanical menu, make sure you have properly define an inspection sequence
that requires encoders.
See “Configuring a One Line Scan Inspection Sequence” on page 237 and “Configuring a
Raster Inspection Sequence” on page 238 for more information on configuring
inspection sequences.
2. In the Encoder Scan or Encoder Index sub-menu, tap Calibrate.
The Calibrate Encoder window appears.

Figure 6-36 Calibrate Encoder Window

3. Position your encoder at a reference start position.

4. Tap the start position button.
5. Move your scanning mechanism over a known distance.
Stop Position field is updated with the position according to the current encoder
resolution.
6. Tap the stop position button.

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 7. Enter Range (distance traveled).
Resolution field is updated with the computed encoder resolution.
8. Tap Accept to implement the computed encoder resolution.
9. Repeat steps 2 through 8 for the second encoder (Encoder Index) if necessary.
If you wish to redo a calibration, you just tap the Clear button and repeat steps 3 to 8.

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Configuring a One Line Scan Inspection Sequence
For «one line scan» inspection sequences, only one position encoder is used to determine the
position during the acquisition.
«One line scans» are one-dimensional and proceed mostly along a linear path. The settings
that must be provided are the limits along the scan axis and spacing between the acquisitions.

Figure 6-37 One Line Scan Inspection Sequence

Scan Axis
Resolution
Sequence Start

Scan axis

Probe motion parallel to the Scan axis

The Resolution therefore defines the size of the acquisition pixel along the scan axis.
When selecting a one line scan inspection sequence, the Encoder Scan sub-menu parameters
are enabled.

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Configuring a Raster Inspection Sequence
The raster inspection sequence identifies a bidimensional surface-scan sequence, also called
a bidirectional scan. To determine the position during the acquisition, two position encoders
are used, on two mechanical axes, and can be driven by two motors or manually.
A surface scan uses two axes:
 Scan axis: Mechanical axis of the scanning lines.
 Index axis: Mechanical axis of the movement between the scanning lines.
At the end of each motion along the scan axis, an increment is added to the position along
the index axis. Data acquisition for bidirectional sequences is carried out in both the forward
and backward directions along the scan axis.

Figure 6-38 Raster Inspection Sequence

Index axis

Scan axis

You must supply the limits of the inspection surface as well as the spacing between the
acquisition.

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Figure 6-39 Raster Inspection Sequence Parameters
Index axis
Index
Resolution

Start
Stop

Index
Scan dimension
Resolution

Scan
Scan axis
dimension

When selecting a bidirectional inspection sequence, the Sequence tab is modified to display
this particular sequence parameters.

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240
7 Analysis and Reporting
The UltraVision Touch user interface offers a wide range of tools that allows you to review
your data information, perform data analysis and reporting.

7.1 Using Information Fields

Information fields allow you to display relevant information about the displayed data. They
are very helpful when analyzing data but also when validating live data signals. For the
complete list of information fields and their description, see “Information Fields” on
page 347.

Figure 7-1 Information Fields

To modify the list of displayed information fields:

1. Tap in the information fields area.

Figure 7-2 Information Fields Selection Window

Default Information Fields

groups

Information field definitions of

the currently selected group

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 2. Select the group of information fields most suited to your application.
or
Tap Define Custom to select the information fields to be used in the Custom group.
Depending on your selection, these fields will be updated according to cursor positions,
signal within a detection gate or configuration parameters.

Figure 7-3 Custom Group Editor Window

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7.2 Views: Single Plane and Projection
The following section presents an explanation for the single plane and projection mode of
specific views.

Single Plane
A single plane is a slice of your data. For example, a displayed Sectorial scan view is updated
according to the position of the Data cursor along the scan- and index-axis. In other words, it
shows the Sectorial scan as recorded when your probe was at a specific location. It is the slice
of data at that position.

Projection
As its name may hint, a view in projection mode shows the total amount of data in a 3D
volume reported in a 2D view.

Figure 7-4 Side (B) Projection with Displayed Projection Gate Selectors

Projection Selection Button

Projection gate selectors

The projection gate selectors help you select the depth of projection along the third axis.

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Figure 7-5 Side (B) Projection with Displayed Projection Gate Selectors

Projection gate selectors

For the Index axis

Projected Side (B) view

(Scan- and Ultrasound-axis)

In Figure 7-5, the resulting Side (B) view is the projection of data contained within the
volume defined by the scan axis, the ultrasound axis and the defined projection along the
index axis.
The projection gate positions can be linked to the Reference and Measurement ursors.

Position of the projection gate selectors are independent from cursors position.

Position of the projection gate selectors are defined by the location of the
Reference and Measurement cursors.

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Using the Soft Gates Features
All the manipulations of the gate selectors can be performed using the features of the Soft
Gates sub-menu of the Layout menu.

Figure 7-6 Soft Gates Sub-Menu

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7.3 Analysis Tools
Your TOPAZ provides advanced analysis features:
 Indication table
 Volumetric Merge
Theses functions allow you to push the analysis a step further.

Working with the Indication Table

Indications are recorded signals that can be defined as potential anomalies. You can list
found indications in an indication table with user selected information columns that you can
configure as needed.
Creating an Indication Table

To create an indication table:

1. Go in the Analysis menu.
2. Select the Indication sub-menu.
3. Tap Field List.
The information field selection window appears. You can select the information fields that
will be included in the indication table. For more information on the available
information fields, see “Information Fields” on page 347.
4. Tap Display/Hide.
A section of the display layout is now allocated to the indication table.
5. According to your selected information fields, position your measurement tools.
6. Tap Add.
An entry is added to the indication table.

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Figure 7-7 Indication Table Example

Indication table
area

Each time a new indication is added, the identification number (Id) is incremented by
one (1).
7. To remove an indication from the table:
7 a. To select the indication, tap directly on it in the table.
or
Tap Indications and select its identification number in the displayed list.
Refer to the indication table for the right identification number.
7 b. Tap Delete.
You will be given the choice to either Reset table (delete all indications in the table)
or Delete current indication.
8. To export the content of the indication table to a text file:
8 a. Tap Export To Txt.

The content of the indication table is also available as a report section.

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Performing a Volumetric Merge
In data analysis mode, the volumetric merge function allows you to merge ultrasonic data
acquired with various acoustic beams, as generated by the corresponding channels and/or
focal laws. This merging process compares the amplitude obtained at each point of the
inspected volume with the considered channels and/or focal laws, and creates a new data
group from the maximum amplitude obtained at each position in the inspected volume.
Merge Results Example
As mentioned, the volumetric merge function allows you to visualize all the data of all the
focal laws and channels within one set of views. For example, you made 2-side weld
inspection similar to “Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld Inspection” on page 137.

Figure 7-8 Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld Data Example

When performing a volumetric merge, it creates a new channel of processed data from the
maximum amplitude obtained at each position in the inspected volume when all beam
signals are compared.

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Figure 7-9 Two-Side Phased Array UT Weld Data Example: Resulting Merge

Merging All the Acquired Data

To perform a volumetric merge of all the data (all channels/all beams):

1. Go in the Analysis menu.
2. Select the Processing sub-menu.
3. Tap Merge All.
A Progress window appears.
When the computation is completed, the Progress window disappears and the views now
display the merged data channel.
Custom Merging of Selected Data

To perform a volumetric merge of a selected group of data:

1. Go in the Analysis menu.
2. Select the Processing sub-menu.
3. Tap Merge Custom.
The Merge Custom window appears.

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Figure 7-10 Merge Custom Window

4. Tap Merge Type and select:

4 a. Channels.
It will allow you to select channels to be merged.
4 b. Beams.
It will allow you to select the beams to be merged within the current channel.
5. Set the First Channel or First Beam to be used for the merge.
6. Set the Last Channel or Last Beam to used for the merge.
Steps 5 and 6 define the range of data that will be used for the computation.
7. Tap Rebound Processing.
You have the choice between Yes and No. If you select Yes, the specimen geometry (shape
and thickness) is taken into account during the merge process for possible rebounds with
the far surface.
8. Tap Channel Name to enter a new name for the volumetric merge data channel that will
be created.
9. Set the merge resolution for each axis:
• Scan Resolution
• Index Resolution
• Ultrasound Resolution
Default values are based on your digitization and scan sequence definition.

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 10. Tap Accept.
The Merge Custom window closes and Progress window appears.
When the computation is completed, the Progress window disappears and the views now
display the merged data channel.
You can repeat this merge process for a new range of data.

Using Volumetric Merge Interpolation Option

The volumetric Merge function now includes the use of sectorial interpolation, which fills
the empty spaces in merged views. Those empty spaces are a typical result when performing
volumetric merges of data acquired with azimuthal focal laws (multiple refracted angles).

Figure 7-11 Volumetric Merge Without Interpolation

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 To modify the use of the interpolation option:
1. In the Processing sub-menu of the Analysis menu, tap Merge Custom.
The Merge Custom window appears.
2. Tap Use Interpolation to select:

• Yes
To use the interpolation during the volumetric merge processing.
• No
To disable the interpolation during the volumetric merge processing.

Figure 7-12 Volumetric Merge With Interpolation

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7.4 Creating Soft C-Scan
Your TOPAZ allows you to create C-scan data from previously recorded data. This process
creates both position and amplitude C-scan data group.
The created C-scan data can be saved with the Extension files (.UVExtension). Thus, if
deemed necessary, the previously created C-scan data are immediately available upon
reopening the data file (.UVData).
Creation of C-scan in analysis mode is performed through the Gates sub-menu that can be
accessed from the Ultrasound menu.
To create soft C-scan data:
1. Open a data file.
2. Review your data to evaluate the required detection gate location and threshold level.
3. Select your Gate (Gate 1, Gate 2, Gate 3 or Gate 4).
4. Define the State of the selected gate:
• On (True Depth)
Defines the Start and Range value of the detection gate will be set in true depth values.
• On (Half Path)
Defines the Start and Range value of the detection gate will be set in half path values.
• On (Time of Flight)
Defines the Start and Range value of the detection gate will be set in time of flight
values.
5. Set Start and Range of the detection gate.
6. Define detection gate Threshold.
7. Define the type of detection gate (for position information) to be taken into account
when creating the soft C-scan (Maximum or Crossing).
8. Tap Compute.
9. The newly generated C-scan data can be visualized by using the data display settings. For
more information, see “Data Display Settings” on page 52.

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7.5 Performing C-Scan Stitching
When performing the examination of large surfaces, it is sometime useful to divide your
zone coverage in several inspection patches, i.e. creating multiple data files, for a more
efficient site deployment. When acquiring C-scan data you can merge those signals into one
consolidated file and easily reconstruct the entire inspection, i.e. creating a complete
mapping of the examined surface.
The C-Scan Stitching feature allows you to adjust the position of the data on the surface and
correct angular misalignment that might have occurred during the scanning process.
To perform C-Scan Stitching:
1. Perform a file merge (Analysis menu):
1 a. Tap File Merger.
1 b. In the File to merge window, click Add.
1 c. In the Select file to merge window, identify the files to merge.
1 d. Select one file and tap Accept.
1 e. Repeat steps 1 a. to 1 d. until all relevant files are selected.
1 f. In the File to merge window, review your selection.
1 g. Tap Merge.
1 h. In the File Merger window, enter a name for the merged data file and tap Accept.
The merged data file is now created with the different original files being divided in
different channels in the new file. The next step is to perform the stitching process.
2. In the File menu, tap Open Data.
3. In the Open Data window, browse to find the DataFileMerger directory.
4. Select the appropriate merged file and tap Accept.
5. In Processing sub-menu, tap C-Scan Stitching.
The C-Scan Stitching window appears.

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Figure 7-13 C-Scan Stitching Window

6. On the right side of the window, the C-Scan data shows the available c-scan data
channels available in the merged file. Select a c-scan data channel to include in the
stitching.
7. For the selected data, define the Data type (Amplitude or Position).
8. In Gates, select the detection gate of the C-scan data you wish to stitch.
9. In Method, define if you want to Keep minimum or Keep maximum values of the C-
scan data in the case of data overlap.
10. Tap Add.
The C-scan data is now added to the C-scan display on the left.

Figure 7-14 C-Scan Stitching Window with C-Scan Data Added

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 To visualize the data, you might have to move the display by clicking and dragging (up/
down and/or left/right) and zoom/unzoom the display.
The Scan Start, Scan Stop, Index Start and Index Stop show the actual location of the
data.
11. You can now modify the location and orientation of the selected C-scan data.

11 a. Specify if you need to flip the data along the scan-axis or index-axis (Flip Scan and
Flip Index).
11 b. Change the start location of the selected c-scan along the scan and index axes by
modifying the Scan and Index parameters.
To modify the location of the data, you can use the Position direction-pad to move
the data up/down and left/right or use your finger to move the selected c-scan on
the display.

11 c. Change the orientation of the c-scan data by modifying the Rotate parameter (in
degrees).
To modify the orientation of the data, you can use the Rotation pad to turn the
selected data clockwise or counter-clockwise.

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Figure 7-15 C-Scan Data Rotation Example

12. Repeat steps 6. to 11. for all C-scan channel to be stitched.

13. Tap Merge.
14. The New stitching name window appears, enter a name for the new channel with the
stitched data.
15. Tap Accept.
Your C-scan data is now stitched.

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Figure 7-16 Stitched C-Scan Data Example

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7.6 TOFD Data Processing
Your TOPAZ allows you to perform advanced analysis using typical TOFD cursors and an
algorithm for lateral wave synchronization (straightening - available with your standard
TOPAZ license), lateral removal and SAFT algorithm.
It is important to mention that, although the functionality and mathematical correctness of
all processing algorithms have been thoroughly checked and validated, no guarantees in
terms of flaw detection and sizing performances can be given. The performance
enhancement provided by a processing algorithm is definitely related to the specificity of
each application and, as such, is your responsibility.

IMPORTANT: It is strongly recommended to apply the lateral wave synchronization algorithm on a

calibrated TOFD channel.

TOFD Cursors
When the ultrasound axis is calibrated, the Reference and Measurement cursors are now set
for TOFD; i.e. show the standard parabolic shape and displays both depth and time-of-flight
(TOF ) values.

Figure 7-17 TOFD Cursor (Reference)

Depth Reading

TOF Reading

Lateral Wave Synchronization

To synchronize the lateral wave of a TOFD channel:
1. In an uncorrected side (B) view, position the scan reference cursor to select a reference A-
scan in a flawless zone.
2. In the same side view, position the ultrasound Reference and Measurement cursors on
either side of the lateral wave signal.

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Figure 7-18 Selection of reference A-scan
Representative A-scan

Ultrasound reference
Scan reference cursor and measurement
cursors

3. Tap LW Sync in the TOFD sub-menu of the Analysis menu.

A new channel is created with the suffix “_LWRES” with the process data.

Figure 7-19 TOFD data after lateral wave synchronization

The new processed channel can be saved in the .UVExtension file associated with the data
file.

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Lateral Wave Removal
To remove the lateral wave of a TOFD channel:
1. In an uncorrected side (B) view, position the scan reference cursor to select a reference A-
scan in a flawless zone.
2. In the same side view, position the ultrasound Reference and Measurement cursors on
either side of the lateral wave signal.
3. Tap LW Removal in the TOFD sub-menu of the Analysis menu.
A new channel is created with the suffix “_LWRem” with the process data. The new
processed channel can be saved in the .UVExtension file associated with the data file.

SAFT Algorithm
To perform a SAFT algorithm on a TOFD channel:
1. Tap SAFT in the TOFD sub-menu of the Analysis menu.
2. In the SAFT aperture calculator, define the SAFT aperture and tap Enter.
A processing window appears and displays the computation progress. When completed, a
new channel is created with the suffix “_SAFT” with the process data. The new processed
channel can be saved in the .UVExtension file associated with the data file.

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7.7 Reviewing Video Snapshots
When the video camera channels are set in Snapshots mode, the video feed is recorded and
stored in the data file (.UVData) as part of the raw data. When you open a data file, the
recorded video feed is available in the same manner as the your ultrasonic data.
As mentioned in “Using the Video Cameras and Laser” on page 158, you can display the
recorded snapshots by modifying your display layout to include Snapshot Scan display.
To review the recorded video feed:
1. Open a recorded data file (.UVData) containing stored video snapshots.

2. Move the Data cursor along the Scan axis to update the video display.
The image in the Snapshot Scan is linked to the Data cursor location in the last active
ultrasonic data view.
3. Use the cursor bumper to either update the snapshot display through coarse motion
Data Cursor Bumper

Or

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In the Cursors sub-menu of the Layout menu, tap the arrows in order to Move Left,
Move Right, Move Down or Move Up the selected cursor (Type parameter) and
according to the number of samples (data pixels) defined at the Step.

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7.8 Reporting
Once you have completed your inspection setup or data analysis, you can generate reports
showing the configuration information and inspection results.
For both conventional and phased array (PA) inspection configuration, you can generate
reports with the following information:
 Instrument information
Provide you with your acquisition unit information such has your TOPAZ serial number
and manufacturer calibration date as well as embedded software version and license.
 Specimen configuration
Displays your specimen information such as material characteristics, shape and
dimensions.
 Ultrasound settings (UT Settings)
Provides the list of ultrasound parameter settings in a Light or Complete format.
 Probes parameters
Provides a list of information about the probes used in your configuration (Light or
Complete format).

IMPORTANT: For the information to be accurate, make sure that the probe in each channel is properly
defined.

 Wedges parameters
Provides a list of information about the wedges used in your configuration (Light or
Complete format).

IMPORTANT: For the information to be accurate, make sure that the wedge in each channel is properly
defined.

 Beams information (focal laws)

Displays the list of all beams with their main characteristics.
 Mechanical Settings (inspection sequence)
Provides the list of mechanical settings defining your inspection sequence.
 Calibration information
Provides the result of a calibration check for each beam.
 Indication table

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 Displays the list of indications in the active table with the results associated with the
selected information fields.
Generated reports are saved in the Report directory of your TOPAZ unit hard-drive as a PDF
file with a company logo and areas for relevant signature.

Creating a Report
To create a report:
1. Go in the Reports menu.
2. Tap Type and select the type of report you want to create.

Figure 7-20 Report Types

3. Tap Save.
A Save window appears.
4. Enter a name for the report.
5. Tap Accept.
Your report is now saved in the report directory of your unit.

Creating a Custom Report

To create a custom report:
1. Go in the Reports menu.
2. Tap Type and select Custom Report.
3. Tap Sections.
The Printed Sections window appears.

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Figure 7-21 Printed Sections Window

4. For each item, select if you want them included in your custom report.
5. Tap Accept.
The Printed Sections window closes.
6. Tap Save.
A Save window appears.
7. Enter a name for the report.
8. Tap Accept.
Your report is now saved in the report directory of your unit.

Changing the Report Logo

To change the report logo:
1. Using the TOPAZ File Manager, place your logo (.png, .jpg, .bmp) in the Report directory
of the unit.
2. Go to the Options window.
3. Select the Report section.

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4. Tap Logo and select Select File.

5. An Open file window appears.

6. Select your company logo file and tap Accept.
The new logo is added to the report. The selected logo is automatically resized to fit the
allowed area in the report.

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Report Contents
The following presents the content of the reports.
Report Header
Each report has a header that contains general information such as the report title, the date,
file information as well as your instrument and on-board software information.

Figure 7-22 Report Header

Report “Footer”
At the end of each report, there is “footer” with appropriate signature space for the examiner,
the reviewer and the customer.

Scan Plan Report

The scan plan report contains the following information:
 Specimen information
All the parameters related to the material, shape, weld and scan orientation.
 UT Settings information
For each channel:
• Calculator graphical feedback view with all focal law rays displayed.
• Channel information
- General Calculator settings
- General ultrasound settings (Gain, Time base, Reference Gain)
- Pulser & Receiver settings
- Digitizer settings
- Gates settings
 Probes and Wedges information
 Mechanical Settings (inspection sequence)

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Figure 7-23 Scan Plan Report Example

Settings Report
The settings report contains the same information as the scan plan report (see “Scan Plan
Report” on page 268) with an additional section detailing the individual beam characteristics
for each channel.

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Figure 7-24 Settings Report Example

270
 Detailed Report
The detailed report is similar to the scan plan report without the Calculator graphical
feedback for each channel (see “Scan Plan Report” on page 268).The detailed report also
contains the list of indications, if any, contained in the indication table.

Figure 7-25 Detailed Report Example

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 Summary Report
As its name indicates, the summary report is a shorter version of the detailed report where
the ultrasound settings for each channel as been removed.

Figure 7-26 Summary Report Example

Custom Reports: Complete or Light

As mentioned in “Creating a Custom Report” on page 265, you can add or remove sections of
information and for some, you can have a complete or light version.
You can select between complete or light for the following set of information:
 UT Settings
 Probes
 Wedges
 Indications
The following shows a few examples of complete and light report versions.

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Figure 7-27 UT Settings Example

Complete Light

Figure 7-28 Probes Example

Complete Light

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Figure 7-29 Wedges Example

Complete Light

Figure 7-30 Indications Example

Complete Light

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Creating and Editing User Fields
Your TOPAZ allows you to create and edit custom information fields (i.e. user fields) in order
to manually record specific information related to your inspection, such as:
 Technician on-site
 Project identification
 Site identification
 Component Part Number
 Etc.
You can use up to 6 different pages that can contain a number of user fields to fit your needs.
User Fields parameters can be accessed through the Report menu.

Figure 7-31 User Fields Sub-menu

Defining User Fields

To define user fields:

1. Tap Define.
The User Fields Definition window appears.

Figure 7-32 User Fields Definition Window

2. For the Default page, you can either Rename or Delete fields when you select them (on
the right side).

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 3. The other pages can be renamed and create new fields by selecting <Create new> and
enter an appropriate name.

Figure 7-33 Create New

4. Repeat these steps for all user fields you need to create.

Editing User Fields

To assign a value to your user fields:

1. Tap Edit.
The User Fields Edition window appears.

Figure 7-34 User Fields Edition Window

2. Select the page and the user field to edit and enter the value/text.

Figure 7-35 User Field Edition

3. Repeat these steps for all user fields you need to create.

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Exporting and Importing User Fields
You can export a created user field list in order to re-use it on a other TOPAZ system.
To export your user field list:
1. Tap Export.
2. A standard “save” window opens, allowing you to export the user field list content.

To import your user field list:

1. Tap Import.
2. A standard “load” window opens, allowing you to import the user field list content.

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How to Visualize your Reports
Reports are saved in the report directory of your unit and they are saved in a standard PDF
format. You can access them using the File Manager tool. The File Manager allows you to
either copy the report to a USB memory stick for review on your workstation or directly open
it on your TOPAZ unit.
To visualize a stored report on your TOPAZ unit:
1. Tap Load in Report menu.
The Load window appears and displays the stored reports in the Reports directory of
your TOPAZ unit.
2. Select your report.
3. Tap Accept.
Your report is displayed in a standard Adobe Reader for PDF files.

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8 Specifications
You will find in the following pages the specifications of the TOPAZ 32/128PR.

8.1 General
This section contains the general physical specifications for the TOPAZ.

Housing

Size (W x H x D) 32.6 cm x 26.0 cm x 13.2 cm

(12.8 in. x 10.3 in. x 5.2 in.)
Net weight 6.3kg (13.8 lb)
(With one battery)

Display

Display size 26.4 cm (10.4 in) (diagonal)

Resolution 1024 pixels x 768 pixels
Brightness 600 cd/m2
Number of colors 262,000
Type TFT LCD

Operating System

Operating system Microsoft Windows POSREADY 7 embedded

Data Storage

Embedded hard drive 120 GB (Solid State Drive)

Maximum data file size 700 MB

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Environment

Operating temperature 0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F)

Storage temperature -40°C to 70°C (-40°F to 158°F)
Operating humidity (max.) 80% up to 31°C
Decreasing to 50% at 40°C and remaining at 50% thereafter
Altitude Up to 2000 m
Rated Pollution Degree 2

IMPORTANT: Unit shall always be protected from strong water jets.

Connectors

Phased array connector Custom Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) with latch
UT channel connectors 4 LEMO 00 for 2 pulse-echo or 2 pitch-&-catch channels

I/O Ports

USB ports 3 x USB 2.0 and 1 x USB 3.0 (Max. current: 100mA)
Intended for light peripherals such as keyboards and mouses.
Ethernet interface Gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-T)
Ethernet cable: Category 6, 100 m (328 ft.), max.
Video output Video out (DVI-I: analog and digital), VGA and HDMI
with adapter. (Max. length: 2m).
I/O Connector 2-axis encoder line;
Alarm output;
Power output line (5V, 0.5A max)

280
Power supply

Voltage 100-120 VAC / 220-240 VAC

Main supply voltage fluctuations up to ±10% of the nominal
voltage
DC IN 15 V / 6.7 A
Frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Maximum power 100 VA
Battery type Li-ion battery (Rechargeable pack)
Voltage 10.8V
Capacity 7800mAh
Only approved battery must be used.
Number of batteries up to 2 (battery chamber can hold 2 hot-swappable
batteries)
Battery life Up to 6 hours with two batteries (depending on duty cycle)
300 charge/discharge cycles

281
8.2 Operating Specifications
This section details the operating specifications of the TOPAZ.

Data Acquisition

A-scan length Up to 8,192 points (stand alone)

Acquisition time
Acquisition mode
Synchronization
Real-time averaging
Compression
A-scan recording
C-scan data
Data throughput
Up to 16,384 points (remote - UltraVision 3)
100 ns to 163 μs at 100 MHz (increments of 10 ns)
Max in remote only
Free running, encoder position, external signal
Pulser, surface echo, external trigger
1, 2, 4, 8, and 16
1, 2, 4, 8, and 16
10,000 A-scans/s (512 samples of 16-bit)
Up to 20 kHz
Up to 10 MB/s

Pulser

Pulser width 25 ns to 500 ns ±5ns at increments of 5 ns

Pulse amplitude (50 Ω load) 35 V to 75 V ±10%, step 5 V (phased array channels)
50 V to 200 V ±10%, step 5V (conventional UT channels)
Maximum pulse repetition 12 kHz
frequency
Output impedance < 20 (PA); < 5 (UT)
Fall time ≤ 10 ns @ 75 V in 50 Ω (10 % – 90 %)
Rise time ≤ 10 ns @ 75 V in 50 Ω (10 % – 90 %)
Instantaneous power 112.5 W / peak per pulser (PAUT)
800 W / peak per pulser (conventional UT)
Maximum Average Pulsing 0.11 W per pulser (PAUT)
Power 0.8 W per pulser (conventioanl UT)
Pulse type Negative unipolar square wave

282
 Receiver

Full-scale input voltage 4 dBm (1 V pp in 50 Ω) on receiver connector

Input impedance 50 Ω ± 10%
Gain setting range 70 dB
Overall system bandwidth 500 kHz to 18 MHz (at –3 dB)
Input filters Analog / Digital (FIR)
2, 5, 10 MHz (low pass)
1, 2, 5 MHz (high pass)
1 MHz to 5 MHz (band pass)
2 MHz to 10 MHz (band pass)
5 MHz to 10 MHz (band pass)
5 MHz to 18 MHz (band pass)
10 MHz to 18 MHz (band pass)
See filters characteristics in the table below
Smoothing filters Digital
1.00 MHz
2.00 MHz
4.00 MHz
5.00 MHz
7.50 MHz
10.00 MHz
Noise level at input ≤ 80 nV/ Hz
Crosstalk ≥50 dB at 10 MHz
Rectification Digital

Table 6 Input Filter Characteristics

High Pass Frequency Low Pass Frequency

Filter Name
(FH) (FL)

None 0.55MHz 18.0MHz

Low Pass: LP 2MHz 0.50MHz 2.0MHz

Low Pass: LP 5MHz 0.55MHz 5.0MHz

Low Pass: LP 10MHz 0.55MHz 10.0MHz

High Pass: HP 1MHz 1.0MHz 18.0MHz

283
Table 6 Input Filter Characteristics

High Pass Frequency Low Pass Frequency

Filter Name
(FH) (FL)

High Pass: HP 2MHz 2.0MHz 18.0MHz

High Pass: HP 5MHz 5.0MHz 18.0MHz

Band Pass: BP 1MHz - 5MHz 1.0MHz 5.0MHz

Band Pass: BP 2MHz - 10MHz 2.0MHz 10.0MHz

Band Pass: BP 5MHz - 10MHz 5.0MHz 10.0MHz

Band Pass: BP 5MHz - 18MHz 5.0MHz 18.0MHz

Band Pass: BP 10MHz - 18MHz 10.0MHz 18.0MHz

Phased Array

Maximum number of active Up to 32

channels
Total number of channels Up to 128
Pulser delay 0 to 20,000 ns ± 5 ns
Receiver delay 0 to 20,000 ns ± 5 ns (in increments of 5 ns)

284
TGC

Maximum dynamic range 30 dB

(assuming more than 4 elements in the active aperture)
Maximum slope 20 dB / μs
Resolution 0.25 dB
Trigger Pulser, echo
Number of points 16

Digitizer

Digitizing rate 25 MHz, 50 MHz or 100 MHz

Summed data amplitude 16-bit
resolution

Data Type

A-scan RF, rectified

Gates Four (4) gates (amplitude and time-of-flight for maximum
and crossing C-scan), and a synchronization gate (time of
flight of the echo)
Encoder 2 × 32-bits encoder,
Maximum frequency: 200 kHz Interface
mode: 2 quadrature, clock dir, up, down

285
286
9 Maintenance
You will find in the following pages the basic maintenance that you can perform on the
TOPAZ to keep it in good working conditions. Keep in mind that, by design, the TOPAZ
requires only minimal maintenance.

9.1 Cleaning the Instrument

The TOPAZ external surfaces (housing and front panel) can be cleaned when needed.
To clean the instrument:
1. Make sure the instrument is turned OFF and the power cord is disconnected. As well, you
should remove all the batteries from the compartment.
2. To bring the instrument back to its original finish, clean the housing and the front panel
with a soft cloth.«

Caution Do not clean the instrument with a water jet, spray can, or spray bottle. The
connector contacts could stay wet and produce a short circuit when plugging
cables.

3. To get rid of persistent stains, use a damp cloth with a soft soapy solution. Do not use
abrasive products or powerful solvents that might damage the finish.

Caution The display and touch panel can be cleaned as described above. However, the
instrument must never be submerged or overly damped (by water or cleaning
products) which can cause the detachment of the touch panel.

4. Wait until the instrument dries completely before placing the batteries in their
compartment and/or plugging in the power cord and cables.

Caution Never try to clean the inside of the battery compartment with liquid. Contact
ZETEC if you have any questions.

287
9.2 Performing a TOPAZ Self Test
You can generate an automatic self-diagnostic report of your TOPAZ. This report shows
information about the unit (configuration, serial number, calibration date) and an overall
status of the equipment (functional tests, basic noise level measurements, etc.).

IMPORTANT: When generating a self-test report, no probe should be connected to the instrument.

To launch a self test:

1. From Tools menu, tap Self Test in the System sub-menu.
A progress bar appears, showing the progress of the diagnostic.

Figure 9-1 TOPAZ Diagnostic Progress Window

2. Once the test is finished, tap View to open the report.

The Diagnostic Report provides the Pass or Failed of 34 tests performed during the self test.

9.3 Factory Maintenance

In the System sub-menu of the Tools menu, a Maintenance feature is available for your
ZETEC’s after-sales service team. Access to these functionalities of the Maintenance tool
requires a factory implemented password and is to be used only by ZETEC’s after-sales service
team.

9.4 Licensing
Your TOPAZ unit has a license feature that allows you to get access to function and feature
packages dedicated to specific applications. To add or remove a license, go to the Tools menu
and tap License in the System sub-menu.
When adding a license, connect a USB memory stick with the KEY file provided by ZETEC to
your TOPAZ and tap Accept. The new license is installed and you get access to new functions
and features according to your license specifications.

288
10 Connector References
In the following pages, you will find all the relevant connector information.

10.1Pulser/Receiver Connectors
The TOPAZ allows to connect both phased array UT probes and conventional UT probes.

TOPAZ Phased Array UT Probe Connector

Description TOPAZ phased array UT probe connector, female

Suggested cable Contact ZETEC for more information
connector

Figure 10-1 Phased Array UT Pulser/Receiver Connector

289
LEMO Connectors
The LEMO connectors found on the front panel of the TOPAZ are used to connect
conventional UT probes.

Warning! The voltage present on the LEMO connector can be dangerous. The connector
produces short pulses that can reach an amplitude of up to 200 V. Any probe
connected to it must have reinforced insulation to ensure safe operation.

Description Female, coaxial

Manufacturer, number LEMO 00, EPE.00.250.NTN
Equivalent:
W.W. Fischer, WDE.101.A004 DG/SL/NB
ZETEC, Inc., 21AB0056
Suggested cable LEMO 00, FFc.00.250.CTAC31
connector Equivalent:
W.W. Fischer, S.101.A004/3.0 DG/SL/NB
ZETEC, Inc., 21AB0016

Figure 10-2 LEMO 00 Connector

290
10.2Gigabyte Ethernet Connector
Since the GIGABYTE ETHERNET port on the TOPAZ is auto-configuring, you can use any type
of CAT6 Ethernet cable to link the instrument to the workstation (cross-over or not).

Description RJ-45, female connector

Suggested cable Stewart Connector, 940SP-360808
connector ZETEC, Inc., 21AI0079

Figure 10-3 Gigabyte Ethernet connector

Table 7 RJ-45 Ethernet cable parameters and specifications

Parameters Specifications

Description Four pairs (RJ-45), shielded, Category 6

cable

Maximum trunk length 100 m (328 ft.)

291
10.3USB Port Connector
The TOPAZ is equipped with 3 USB 2.0 ports and 1 USB 3.0 port that allow you to connect
accessories such as keyboard, mouse, USB memory stick, etc.

Description USB port, female connector

Max. cable length 5m (USB 2.0 or 3.0 standard)

292
Digital Video Interface (DVI) Connector
The DVI connector allows you to connect your TOPAZ to a display device, such as a
computer monitor or projector.

Description Digital video interface integrated female connector with single

link (DVI-I).

Figure 10-4 DVI-I Dual Link Connector

NOTE: The DVI connector provides digital video signals. With a DVI cable, it allows analog or
digital display to be cloned to an external monitor or projector. Two (2) adapters are
provided for the video devices without DVI ports: DVI to VGA for analog and DVI to HDMI
for digital.

293
10.4I/O Interface Connector
Description HD-15, female connector
Suggested cable ZETEC, Inc., 21AE0052
connector

Figure 10-5 I/O Interface Connector

Warning This connector is dedicated to input and output signals, e.g. scanning mechanism
encoder signals. Do not connect a video cable (VGA) for monitor display or
projector.

Table 8 Pinout for the I/O interface connector

Pin I/O Signal Name Current Type

1 In Preset 1 Axis 1 Preset / Digital Input 1 / - TTL

PaintBrush Start Button

2 In Preset 2 Axis 2 Preset / Digital Input 2 / - TTL

PaintBrush Stop Button

3 Out +5V External power supply 500 mA

4 - - - - -

5 In Gen in General Input / Special 1 - Wire for - TTL

Scanner / Clicker Input

6 Out Pace Out Pace Output 200 mA OC

7 In Pace In Pace Input - TTL

294
Table 8 Pinout for the I/O interface connector

Pin I/O Signal Name Current Type

8 Out Gen Out General Output / Special 1- Wire 200 mA OC

for Scanner

9 In PhA axis 1 Encoder 1 Phase A - TTL

10 In PhB axis 1 Encoder 1 Phase B - TTL

11 In PhA axis 2 Encoder 2 Phase A - TTL

12 In PhB axis 2 Encoder 2 Phase B - TTL

13 - - KEY (Pin disabled)

14 Out Alarm Out Alarm Output (selectable) / Pump 200 mA OC

Disable

15 - Gnd Ground - -

295
296
11 Problem with Your ZETEC
Instrument
Here at ZETEC, we understand that, even though we apply the most stringent quality
assurance procedures in the business, there are times when problems may arise. Should you
ever encounter a situation where your ZETEC instrument is not performing as it should or as
it has been, we strongly encourage you to follow the simple procedure below. This will assure
you the best service and fastest resolution of your problem.
1. Read this user manual thoroughly, since it contains all the information that you need to
properly operate the instrument.
2. If you cannot find the information you need in the operation chapters of this manual,
review “Basic Troubleshouting” on page 298
3. Finally, if you do not find an answer in the troubleshooting chapter, do not hesitate to
send us an e-mail at customerservice@zetec.com, or to call us at one of the phone
numbers below:
Canada France

875 Blvd. Charest Ouest, Suite 100 Mini Parc du Verger, BAT G
Québec (Québec) 1, rue de Terre Neuve
G1N 2C9 Les Ulis
Canada 91967 COURTABOEUF Cedex
Phone: 1-418-266-3020 France
Fax: 1-418-263-3742 Phone: 00 (33) 1 60 92 39 39
Fax: 00 (33) 1 60 92 39 40

United States (Snoqualmie, WA) United States (Houston, TX)

ZETEC Headquarters USON Building

8226 Bracken Place SE, Suite 100 8640 N Eldridge Pkwy
Snoqualmie, WA 98065 Houston, TX 77041
U.S.A. U.S.A.
Phone: 1-425-974-2700 Phone: 1-281-671-2065
Fax: 1-425-974-2701 Fax: 1-281-671-2001

297
11.1Basic Troubleshouting
The troubleshooting guide has been developed assuming that the instrument has not been
modified, and that the cables and connectors are those provided and documented by
ZETEC, Inc.

Table 9 Basic troubleshooting

Problem Cause Solution

This instrument does not turn No charged batteries or Insert properly charged batteries in
ON. AC power the compartment or plug the
AC/DC adapter.

Battery does not charge Battery is in an end-of- Replace battery with a new one.
life cycle

Temperature exceeds Batteries will not charge for

45°C security reasons. When unit cools
down, the charging process will re-
start.

Communication problems
occur between the
workstation and the TOPAZ
The workstation and Make sure that you use a Cat 6
the TOPAZ are not Ethernet cable for the connection.
connected with the You can also verify that your
proper type of Ethernet workstation network card is
cable. negotiating the link speed for
gigabyte Ethernet connections.

Encoder signals are not Wrong connector Verify pin-out and type of
detected pin-out/type or encoders used or refer to user
improper setup manuals for proper inspection
configuration configuration. Also verify that the
encoder signals are TTL type.

External fan is not working Internal temperature of Make sure that the connector is
unit is lower than 50°C. properly inserted.
External fan connector
is not properly inserted.

Instrument turns off by itself Instrument temperature Let the instrument cool down and
is outside of operating return to normal operating
range temperature.

298
Table 9 Basic troubleshooting

Problem Cause Solution

Touch screen is not Display is dirty or there Clean the display as indicated in
responding is excess water. “Cleaning the Instrument” on
page 287.

Instrument does not start There is a wrong power Shutdown the unit and try
up sequence or a fault restarting. If the problem persists,
during boot up contact ZETEC.

Display shows a blue screen or The TOPAZ has not Try restarting the instrument. If
it is frozen booted properly or the problem persists, contact
there is a component ZETEC.
failure

Using the TOPAZ as a remote The TOPAZ can’t be Insert a valid protection key in an
acquisition unit with used as a software active USB port or upgrade your
UltraVision 3, a software license protection key site license with the information
license error message appears. for UltraVision 3. provided by ZETEC, Inc.

299
300
Appendix A – Accessories
A variety of accessories are available for the TOPAZ. These accessories help mainly with
instrument connectivity or handling. You will find an alphabetical list of available accessories
in the following pages.

A.1 AC Power Adapter

ZETEC provides an AC adapter with all TOPAZ units. It is a AC/DC adapter (15 VDC - 100
W). You can get an additional adapter by ordering ZETEC item #10046759.

A.2 Batteries
ZETEC can provide you with additional approved battery packs (10.8 V, 6600mAh or 10.8V,
7800mAh batteries). Simply order ZETEC item #10039222 (6600mAh) or # 10048725
(7800mAh) to get one (1) additional battery. Two (2) batteries are provided standard with
every TOPAZ kit.

A.3 Battery Charger

ZETEC can provide you with an additional TOPAZ battery charger (two bays). Simply order
ZETEC item # 10036098. One battery charger is provided standard with every TOPAZ.

A.4 Carrying Case

Your TOPAZ comes with a standard transport case. You can get an additional carrying case
by simply ordering ZETEC item #10046287.

A.5 Connection Adapters and Splitters

ZETEC offers a series of connection adapters which allows operation of its standard PA
probes on different hardware platforms or of other PA probes on ZETEC’s equipment. In
order to allow simultaneous operation of multiple PA probes, we also offer a series of splitter
cables.
Should you need special connection solutions, don’t hesitate to contact us for any custom
design.

301
Table 10 Adapters and Splitters

Adapter/Splitter Part number Description

# 10037252 Adapter Box - Connect one DYNARAY compatible

PA probe connector (Hypertronics) to the ZIRCON
(ZIRCON male connector to DYNARAY female
connector, 128 connections)

# 10037251 Adapter Box - Connect one Omni-type PA probe

connector to the ZIRCON (ZIRCON male connector
to Omni-type female connector, 128 connections)

# 10038282 Splitter Box - Connect simultaneously 2 ZIRCON

compatible PA probes to the ZIRCON (ZIRCON
male connector to 2 ZIRCON female connectors,
1-64 and 65-128)

# 10037253 Splitter Cable - Connect simultaneously 2

DYNARAY compatible PA probes (Hypertronics) to
the ZIRCON (ZIRCON male connector to 2
DYNARAY female connectors, 1-64 and 65-128)

A.6 Ethernet Cable

ZETEC can provide you with an additional 2-meter Ethernet cables. These are Category 6
shielded Ethernet cables. Simply order ZETEC item #10039986. One Ethernet cable is
provided standard with every TOPAZ.

302
A.7 Harness
You can get a harness by simply ordering ZETEC item # 10046172.

A.8 TOPAZ User Manual

Your TOPAZ comes with a printed copy of its user manual. You can get an additional printed
copy of this manual by simply ordering ZETEC item # 10046055.

303
304
Appendix B – Using the Touch
Controls
The TOPAZ brings together the best of UltraVision performance and productivity tools with
the enhanced user experience of a multi-touch display. The following pages provides you
with a description of the basic gestures and their functions.

B.1 Using the Touch Screen

Element Selection: The One-Finger Tap
The one-finger tapping is used to select an element of the interface (sub-menu tabs,
parameters, functions...).

Figure B-1 The One-Finger Tap

305
Scroll Between Items: The One-Finger Swipe (Flick)
To scroll through a list of parameters (changing sub-menus) or move a cursor, slide your
finger on the screen right and left and/or up and down according to the display element to
move. This motion is also known as flicking.

Figure B-2 The One-Finger Swipe

306
Zoom In and Zoom Out
To zoom in and out of a data view, slide your fingers apart to zoom in or together to zoom
out.

Figure B-3 Zoom In

307
Figure B-4 Zoom Out

308
Fit Data in View: The Two-Finger Tap
To fully zoom out a view, to fit all the data in a specific display pane, use two fingers to
perform a simple tap.

Figure B-5 Full Zoom Out: Fit Data in View

309
Pan Zoom Data: The Two-Finger Swipe
To pan zoomed data, slide two fingers on the screen right and left and/or up and down to
move the data inside the view.

Figure B-6 Pan Zoom Data: The Two-Finger Swipe

310
B.2 Touch-Knob and Control Buttons
Aside from the touch-screen user interface, your TOPAZ can be entirely controlled using the
touch-knob and the control buttons.

Figure B-7 Touch-Knob and Control Buttons

Swap Section

Touch-Knob

Cancel

Accept

The touch-knob and control buttons allow you to perform the following task:

Pressing this button allows you to swap between the different user interface
areas.

Touch- The touch-knob allows to scroll between the elements of a specific section as well
Knob as a mean to adjust parameters values (scrolling up and down a list or
increasing/decreasing values). To do so, swipe you fingers in a clockwise or
counter-clockwise motion on the touch-knob.
This key allows you to validate entered values or accept a specific selection
made.

Press this button to cancel a selection or the application of an entered value.

311
B.3 Action Buttons
Action buttons help provide an easier and quicker method of navigating the interface. Those
shortcut keys offer you access to popular features during the course of an inspection. The
following presents the description of those shortcut buttons
The shortcut buttons allow you to perform the following task:

This key allows you to load a setup file.

Press this button to toggle between the color themes.

This key allows you to reset the encoders and data memory buffer prior to
starting the actual inspection.

Press this button to toggle the unit in inspection mode (inspection Start) or the
Stop the inspection.

This key allows you to pause the inspection mode, i.e. temporally stop the data
upload to the unit. While in this “freeze” mode, you can review the acquired data
up to this point.
Press this button to save the currently stored data.

This key allows you to swap between the different channels you have created in
your setup.

For an inspection configuration with multiple focal laws, this button allows you
to scroll through all the focal laws and select one in particular.

312
Appendix C – Specimen and
Calculator Conventions
This section describes the various parameter conventions to be used with the Shape Editor
(specimen) and the Calculator (probe and wedge).

C.1 Welded Specimens Parameters Convention

Welded specimens are made of at least two (2) different parts welded together. When
defining these specimens, you need to know the specimen’s dimensions, the material from
which it is made of and characteristics of the weld itself.

Supported Weld Types

There are five (5) types of welds supported, and each has its own parameters.

NOTE: The weld types illustrated in the following figures have been modified to emphasize their
various parameters and do not pretend to be accurate representations of actual welds.

Figure C-1 X-type weld

Upper Lower
weld weld
angle angle

Weld cap height

Vertical extent of Segment Height

lower cut-away

Gap between
components

313
Figure C-2 J-type weld
Upper Lower
weld weld
angle angle

Weld cap height

Vertical extent of
lower cut-away

Radius of
curved section

Gap between
components

Figure C-3 V-type weld

Upper
weld
angle

Weld cap height

Gap between
components

314
Figure C-4 Modified V-type weld
Upper Lower
weld weld
angle angle

Weld cap height

Vertical extent of
lower cut-away

Gap between
components

Figure C-5 K-type weld

Lower Upper
weld weld
angle angle

Weld cap height

Segment Height
Vertical
extent of

Gap between
components

315
C.2 Calculator Parameters Convention
To generate focal laws for phased arrays in the most efficient and accurate way, you should
take into account the generic conventions regarding probes, wedges and specimen geometry,
such as orientation and positive directions of axes, reference points and signs of offsets and
definition and signs of angles.

Probe-related Conventions
Probe-related conventions address five different parameters:
 Axes
 First element
 Refracted angle
 Total skew angle
 Focusing
Axes
 1D LINEAR ARRAYS
The axes convention for 1D linear arrays is illustrated below.

Figure C-6 1D Probe axis definition

Secondary axis
First element
Secondary axis width

Primary axis

Primary axis pitch

316
  2D MATRIX ARRAYS
The axes convention for 2D matrix arrays is illustrated below.

Figure C-7 2D Probe axis definition

First element Secondary axis

Secondary axis pitch

Primary axis

Primary axis pitch

First Element
The first element is used as the basic information for the definition of a number of
parameters used by the Calculator for the computation of the focal laws.
For a 1D linear array, the first element used to construct the wedge according to the specified
offsets, probe separation and wedge angles, is always defined as the element located at the
rear end of the wedge (see Figure C-6). It does not take into account the numbering of the
individual elements nor the internal and external wiring of the probe.
For a 2D matrix array, the first element, used to construct the wedge according to the
specified offsets, probe separation and wedge angles, is always defined as the element located
at the rear left corner of the wedge. It does not take into account the numbering of the
individual elements or the internal and external wiring of the probe.
Refracted Angle
The refracted angle of an ultrasound beam is defined as the angle between the central ray of
the ultrasound beam in the material and the normal on the surface at the exit point (from the
wedge), it can be referred to as the entrance point of the central ray. The actual refracted
angle is determined by the Snell’s law. The refracted angle can have a value between -89.9
and 89.9.

317
Figure C-8 Refracted angle on a flat (top) and cylindrical (bottom) specimen
Incident Angle

Refracted Angle

Refracted Angle

Total Skew Angle

The total skew angle is the sum of two components: the beam skew angle (see “Beam Skew
Angle” on page 318) and the probe skew angle (see “Probe Skew Angle” on page 320). Skew
angles can have a value between 0and 359.9.
 BEAM SKEW ANGLE
The beam skew angle is defined as the angle between the ultrasound beam (central ray)
projection on the scanning surface and the primary axis of the array. It can have values
between -180and 180.
A 1D linear array has no skewing capabilities but, depending on the configuration, it can
generate both positive and negative refracted angles. By definition, a positive refracted angle
has a beam skew angle of 0. A negative refracted angle, is basically the same positive
refracted angle but with a beam skew angle of 180

318
Figure C-9 Example 1 of beam skew angle 1D linear array

Primary Axis

Beam Skew Angle = 0

Beam Skew Angle = 180

Also depending on your probe-wedge assembly configuration, you can produce focal laws
with multiple beam skew angles.

Figure C-10 Example 2 of beam skew angle 1D linear array

Beam skew angle = 70°

Beam skew angle = 110° Beam skew angle = 80°

Beam skew angle = 100° Beam skew angle = 90°

319
 A 2D matrix array probe has the capability to skew the beam.

Figure C-11 Example of beam skew angle 2D matrix array

Beam skew angle = –30°

Beam skew angle = –20°

Beam skew angle = –10°

Beam skew
angle = 0°

Beam skew angle = 10°

Beam skew angle = 20°

Beam skew angle = 30°

 PROBE SKEW ANGLE

The probe skew angle is defined as the angle between the probe primary axis and the scan
axis. It can have values between 0and 359.9.
The angle is obtained by a rotation around a normal of the surface through the mechanical
reference point (origin).
The following figures show examples of probe skew angles for 1D linear array and 2D matrix
array probes.

320
Figure C-12 Example of probe skew angle 1D linear array
scan scan

index
index
Probe skew angle = 0° Probe skew angle = 45°

Primary axis

Rotation point Rotation point

Primary axis

Probe skew Probe skew

Rotation point angle = 90° angle = 135°
scan scan
index

index
Rotation
point
Primary axis Primary axis

321
Figure C-13 Example of probe skew angle 2D matrix array
Probe skew angle = 45°

Probe skew angle = 0°

Primary axis Rotation point

Rotation point
Primary axis

Rotation point Probe skew angle = 135°

Rotation point
Primary axis
Primary axis
Probe skew angle = 90°

322
 Focusing
There are four (4) types of focusing available with your TOPAZ.
 Half path
 True depth
 Projection
 Natural
The following provides a graphical representation of those focusing types.
 HALF PATH
All focal laws are focused at the same half path.

Figure C-14 Half path focusing

 TRUE DEPTH
All focal laws are focused at the same depth in your specimen.

Figure C-15 True depth focusing

323
  PROJECTION
All focal laws are focused on a user defined vertical plane.

Figure C-16 Projection focusing

 NATURAL
All focal laws are defined in order to let the beams focus at the aperture natural near field
length.

324
Wedge-related Conventions
In the wedge database, the different parameters which characterize the wedge are defined as
follows:
Wedge Definition Mode
When defining your wedge characteristics, you now have two different modes available:
 Legacy
This mode allows you to define the height of the first element using the back left corner of
the wedge as the reference. Historically, this mode was the one used in previous software
releases.

Figure C-17 Legacy Wedge Definition Example - Height of First Element

 Fixed Wedge Path

This new mode allows you to define the height of the first element using the middle of the
wedge front edge as the reference.

325
Figure C-18 Fixed Wedge Path Definition Example - Height of First Element

For plate examination, there is no difference between the two modes, this only affects wedge
definition for pipe-like or curved surface specimens.

IMPORTANT: When relevant, the following parameters definition are given assuming the wedge
definition mode is set to Legacy.

Wedge Angle
The wedge angle is the angle between the primary axis of the probe and the flat projection of
the specimen surface along the mechanical axes (scan or index). The wedge angle is obtained
by a rotation around a line parallel to the secondary axis of the probe, and through the
middle of the first element, and can have values between 0 and 89.9.

326
Figure C-19 Wedge angle definition
Primary Axis
Center of first element

Wedge Angle > 0

Surface Projection

Roof Angle
The roof angle is the angle between the secondary axis of the probe and the flat projection of
the specimen surface along the mechanical axes (scan or index). It is obtained by a rotation
around a line parallel to the primary axis of the probe, and through the middle of the first
element, and can have values between -89.9 and 89.9.

Figure C-20 Roof angle definition

Secondary Axis
Center of first element

Roof Angle > 0

Surface Projection

Probe Separation
This parameter must be defined for Pitch and Catch configurations. The probe separation
defines the spacing (center-to-center distance) between the first element of the transmitting
array and the first element of the receiving array.
The first element of the transmitting array, as previously defined, is always located at the rear
left corner of the wedge. For Pitch and Catch configurations, the first element of the receiving
array is obtained by applying a symmetry along the probe symmetry axis.

327
Figure C-21 Probe separation defnition

Probe Separation (1D linear array)

Squint Angle
This parameter must be defined for Pitch and Catch configurations. The squint angle is
defined as half angle between the primary axes of the transmitting and receiving arrays. The
squint angle is defined as the rotation around a normal on the surface through the center of
the first element of the transmitting array. A symmetrical rotation is automatically applied to
the receiving array.

IMPORTANT: Squint angles are currently not supported.

Specimen-related Conventions
To increase the flexibility with regards to selection of reference points, the Calculator
considers two different points:
 The wedge reference point is the intrinsic reference point used by the Calculator and is
always located at the rear left corner of the wedge. The probe is then positioned with
regards to the wedge reference by specifying the parameters’ First Element Primary Axis
Offset, First Element Secondary Axis Offset, and First Element Height.
 The mechanical reference point is an arbitrary reference point that can be used by the
operator to define the position of the intrinsic wedge reference point relative to an
alternative wedge reference (for example, the front of the wedge) or a reference point on
the scanning mechanism. The wedge reference is positioned with regards to the
mechanical reference by specifying parameters’ Scan Offset or Index Offset.
 When using values of Scan Offset and/or Index Offset reference different from 0, the
Calculator will take these values into account for the scan and/or index offset values.
For cylindrical specimens (pipe OD or pipe ID), it is important to notice that, by definition,
the wedge is considered as centered on the center of the pipe.
Similar conventions apply to a pipe OD and pipe ID with curvature along the secondary axis,
with the only differences being that Distance between contact points represents the wedge
width.

328
Figure C-22 Flat specimen: Offset definitions

Scan Offset > 0 Wedge reference

Secondary axis offset of the First Element Secondary

middle of the first element > 0 Axis Offset< 0

scan
index

First Element Primary Axis

Offset > 0
Mechanical reference

First Element
Height

First Element Primary Axis

Offset

329
Figure C-23 Cylindrical specimen (Pipe OD) with a curvature along the primary axis: Offset definitions

Scan Offset > 0 Wedge reference

First Element Secondary Axis Index Offset < 0

Offset > 0

scan
index

First Element Primary Axis

Offset > 0
Mechanical reference

First Element Height

he
t of t nt:
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Prim dle of th long a s
id
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ct
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330
Figure C-24 Cylindrical specimen (Pipe ID) with a curvature along the primary axis: Offset definitions

Scan Offset > 0

Wedge
reference
First Element Secondary Axis
Offset > 0
Index Offset < 0

scan
index

Mechanical First Element Primary Axis

reference Offset > 0

the t:
s e t of emen t line
off e l gh
xis first trai
a ry a f the ng a s
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First Element Height

Distance between contact points (wedge length)

331
 For 2D matrix array probes, the definition of those parameters is similar with respect to the
position of the first element.

332
Appendix D – Views Conventions
The following sections explain how the views are constructed and their relative meaning
when compared to the inspected specimen.

D.1 Color Coded Amplitude

Online or off-line data representation such as sectorial scan, side (B), end (D), top (C) and
also with UltraVision 3D data display rely on the conversion of the A-scan signal amplitude
variations to a defined color scale.

A-Scan Digitalization
To build the colored 2D data representation, the analog A-scan signal must first be converted
to digital, an operation performed swiftly by your instrument.

Figure D-1 A-scan signal digitalization

Analog signal Application of digitizer Samples location

Each sample is then assigned a color according to its own amplitude level by the software.

333
Figure D-2 Amplitude color scale on non rectified signal

Color coded A-scan

The amplitude color scale, referred to as the Color Palette can be selected from a list in order
to fit your application.

334
D.2 2D Data Representations
Classic ultrasound inspection used analog systems to display the inspection signal. A UT
qualified operator had to look at the amplitude variations over a surface to determine the
presence of a flaw-like indication. With signal digitizer, the possibility of representing those
amplitude variations with colors and associating it to specific position on the inspection grid
became a great improvement over previous data display.
Such color encoding of the A-scan signal amplitude and the use of position feedback scanners
allows for the generation of 2D views. This gives the analyst the opportunity to look at the
data as if he was looking at the specimen from its Top, Side or End face.

335
Top View (C-Scan)
The top (C) view is a two-dimensional graphical presentation of the inspected data where the
rulers represent the actual scanned area. It is by itself a map of your specimen, where every
pixel provides you with either amplitude and/or depth information as well as its position
from a reference point, usually the start position of the scan.
From the digitized A-scan signal, a mapping can be constructed in order to visualize the
inspected surface of the specimen.

Figure D-3 Top view

Index axis

Scan axis

336
Side View (B-Scan)
The side (B) view is a two-dimensional graphical presentation of the inspected data but
contrary to the top view, it is not mapping of the inspected specimen. The rulers of the side
view are related to one of the scanning axes (the Scan axis) and the other is the ultrasound
axis (either a measure of sound path and/or true depth) – this view allows getting depth
position from an indication. The side view is built by putting the color encoded A-scan side-
by-side per Scan axis positions.

Figure D-4 Side view

Ultrasound axis
Scan axis

337
End View (D-Scan)
The end (D) view is a two-dimensional graphical presentation of the inspected data but
contrary to the top view, it is not mapping of the inspected specimen. The rulers of the side
view are related to one of the scanning axes (the Index axis) and the other is the ultrasound
axis (either a measure of sound path and/or true depth) – this view allows getting depth
position from an indication. The End view is built by putting the color encoded A-scan side-
by-side per Index axis positions.

Figure D-5 End view

Index axis

Ultrasound axis

338
D.3 2D View Axes: Colors Convention
The data views proposed by your TOPAZ user interface are displayed with colored rulers that
allow you to quickly identify key characteristics of your layout. Each rulers have assigned
colors that are determined by the view settings.
The following section present for each axis ruler:
 Views and units
 Assigned colors and signification

Signal Amplitude Ruler

Table 11 Amplitude Ruler Characteristics

Assigned Views  A-Scan

Provides received signal height measurements.
 FFT display
Provides weight measurements of frequency content of the
signal.

Unit selection  Percentage (%)

Provides measurements as a percentage (%) of full screen
height (FSH).
 Decibel (dB)
Provides measurement on a logarithmic scale (dB).
 Samples (# of)
Provides measurement as a number of amplitude samples
based on a 16-bit resolution (0 to 65535 samples, i.e. 0 to
100% FSH).

Ruler Colors  Percentage - Yellow:

 Decibel - Yellow:

 Samples - Yellow:

339
Ultrasound Axis Ruler

Table 12 Ultrasound Ruler Characteristics

Assigned Views  A-Scan

Provides sound path or depth measurement of received
signal.
 Sectorial display (i.e. VC sectorial scan)
Provides sound path or depth measurement of received
signals for all generated focal laws in the current channel
 Side (B)
Provides sound path or depth measurement of received
signal.
 End (D)
Provides sound path or depth measurement of received
signal.
 Scrolling (B)
Provides sound path or depth measurement of received
signal.

340
Table 12 Ultrasound Ruler Characteristics

Unit selection  True Depth (mm or in.)

Provides true depth location of received signals. Location is
corrected for beam angles (refracted and skewing).
 True Depth PC (mm or in.)
When using a Pitch-&-Catch inspection configuration with
linear sweep, the ultrasound true depth scale has a correction
that takes into account your probe separation and probe
configuration (wedge and roof angle, etc.).
 Half Path (mm or in.)
Provides sound path location (from probe to indication) of
received signals.
 Full Path (mm or in.)
Provides sound path location (from probe to indication and
back to probe) of received signals.
 Time (s)
Provides sound flight time location (from probe to indication
and back to probe) of received signals.
 Time/2 (s)
Provides sound flight time location (from probe to
indication) of received signals.
 TOFD (mm or in.)
Provides true depth location of received signals for TOFD
configuration. Ruler scale is not linear after calibration.
 Samples (# of)
Provides location of received signal in samples based on
signal digitalization along the ultrasound axis.

341
Table 12 Ultrasound Ruler Characteristics

Ruler Colors  True Depth - Purple:

 True Depth PC - Purple:

 Half Path - Pink:

 Time - Pale Pink:

 Time/2 - Pale Pink:

 TOFD - Dark Pink:

 Samples - Pale Pink:

342
Scan Axis Ruler

Table 13 Scan Ruler Characteristics

Assigned Views  Sectorial display (i.e. VC sectorial scan)

Provides location of received signals along the scan axis for
all generated focal laws in the current channel.
 Side (B)
Provides location of received signals along the scan axis.
 Top (C)
Provides location of received signals along the scan axis.

Unit selection  Distance (mm or in.)

Provides location of received signals along the scan axis
corrected for beam angles (refracted and skew) and scan axis
offsets (beam and probe).
 Samples (# of)
Provides location of received signal in samples based on scan
axis range and resolution.

Ruler Colors  Distance (Volume Corrected) - Dark Blue:

 Distance (Uncorrected) - Light Blue:

 Samples - Dark Blue:

343
Index Axis Ruler

Table 14 Index Ruler Characteristics

Assigned Views  Sectorial display (i.e. VC sectorial scan)

Provides location of received signals along the index axis for
all generated focal laws in the current channel.
 End (D)
Provides location of received signals along the index axis.
 Top (C)
Provides location of received signals along the index axis.

Unit selection  Distance (mm or in.)

Provides location of received signals along the index axis
corrected for beam angles (refracted and skew) and index
axis offsets (beam and probe).
 Samples (# of)
Provides location of received signal in samples based on
index axis range and resolution.

Ruler Colors  Distance (Volume Corrected) - Dark Green:

 Distance (Uncorrected) - Light Green:

 Samples - Dark Green:

344
D.4 2D Data Interpretation
The top-, side- and end-views allows the analyst to mentally reconstruct the specimen in 3D
like representation.

Figure D-6 3D like view reconstruction

345
D.5 UltraVision 3: 3D Data Visualization
UltraVision 3 allows you to merge your data (acoustic beam simulation and/or actual
acquired inspection data) with a CAD-like drawing of your specimen. Allowing you to
efficiently see inside your component.

Figure D-7 3D Data visualization in UltraVision 3

346
Appendix E – Information Fields
The following provides you with a list of available information fields divided by category, as
in the instrument interface. Additional descriptions are added for specific fields in order to
clarify some concepts.

Table 15 Settings Information Fields

Gain (ch) Instrument gain for current channel

Gain (ref) Reference gain for current channel

Channel Current channel name

Law Current focal law name

Scan Offset Probe scan offset

Index Offset Probe index offset

Skew(probe) Skew angle of the current channel

R angle Refracted angle of current focal law/beam

Wedge Delay Wedge delay

PCS Probe center seperation

Gain(soft) Software gain for current channel

Scan Resol Scan axis resolution

Index Resol Index axis resolution

Max Speed Maximum scanning speed

Velocity Current sound velocity

IsTOFD Current channel mode

TOFD Ori. TOFD Orientation

347
Table 16 Cursors Information Fields

USound  U-sound delta between measurement and reference cursors

Difference in position along the ultrasound axis between the

Measurement and Reference cursors. The value is given as a
function of the ultrasound axis ruler mode (half path, true depth, full
path, time, time/2...).

Usound 

% Amplitude delta between measurement and reference cursors

intersection

Difference in amplitude values between a signal at the Measurement

cursor position and a signal at the Reference cursor position. Values
are refreshed when an A-scan view is the currently selected data
display..

%

348
Table 16 Cursors Information Fields

D Position delta between Measurement and Reference cursors

intersection

Difference in position (ultrasound axis) between a signal at the

Measurement cursor position and a signal at the Reference cursor
position. Values are refreshed when an A-scan view is the currently
selected data signal display.

D

Scan  Scan delta between Measurement and Reference cursors

Difference in position along the scan axis between the Measurement

and Reference cursors.

Index  Index delta between Measurement and Reference cursors

Difference in position along the index axis between the

Measurement and Reference cursors.

Amplitude  Amplitude delta between Measurement and Reference cursors

Difference in position along the amplitude axis between the

Measurement and Reference cursors.

Usound(Ref) U-sound position of Reference cursor

Position of the Reference cursor along the ultrasound axis.

Scan(Ref) Scan position of Reference cursor

Position of the Reference cursor along the scan axis.

349
Table 16 Cursors Information Fields

Index (Ref) Index position of Reference cursor

Position of the Reference cursor along the index axis.

Amplitude(Ref) Amplitude position of Reference cursor

Position of the Reference cursor along the amplitude axis.

%(Ref) Amplitude at Reference cursor intersection

D(Ref) Position at Reference cursor intersection

Usound(Meas) U-sound position of Measurement cursor

Position of the Measurement cursor along the ultrasound axis.

Scan(Meas) Scan position of Measurement cursor

Position of the Measurement cursor along the scan axis.

Index (Meas) Index position of Measurement cursor

Position of the Measurement cursor along the index axis.

Amplitude(Meas) Amplitude position of Measurement cursor

Position of the Measurement cursor along the amplitude axis.

%(Meas) Amplitude at Measurement cursor intersection

D(Meas) Position at Measurement cursor intersection

Scan(Data) Scan position of Data cursor

Index(Data) Index position of Data cursor

P.Scan(Data) Probe scan position of Data cursor

P.Index(data) Probe index position of Data cursor

Law(Max%) Auto-law cursor

Provides you with the current focal law (beam) having the maximum
amplitude according to the Auto Detect Max Law setting.

350
Table 17 Thickness Information Fields

Thick(Ref) Thickness at Reference cursor location

Thick(Meas) Thickness at Measurement cursor location

ThickMin(C) Minimum thickness in contour

ThickMax(C) Maximum thickness in contour

TMinSPos(C) Minimum thickness position in scan inside contour

TMaxSPos(C) Maximum, thickness position in scan inside contour

TMinIPos(C) Minimum thickness position in index inside contour

TMaxIPos(C) Maximum, thickness position in index inside contour

Threshold Thickness threshold

A thickness or amplitude value used for statistic computations of

other information fields. Threshold value is defined in the
Thickness sub-menu of the Analysis menu.

Thickness Specimen thickness

TScan 1(C-) Scan start of first point under threshold in contour

Provides the position along the scan axis of the first thickness or
amplitude measurement value that is below the threshold in the
defined contour.

TScan 2(C-) Scan start of last point under threshold in contour

Provides the position along the scan axis of the last thickness or
amplitude measurement value that is below the threshold in the
defined contour.

TScan  (C-) Scan length under threshold in contour

Provides the length along the scan axis between the first and last
thickness or amplitude measurement value that is below the
threshold in the defined contour.

351
Table 17 Thickness Information Fields

TIndex 1(C-) Index start of first point under threshold in contour

Provides the position along the index axis of the first thickness or
amplitude measurement value that is below the threshold in the
defined contour.

TIndex 2(C-) index start of last point under threshold in contour

Provides the position along the index axis of the last thickness or
amplitude measurement value that is below the threshold in the
defined contour.

TIndex  (C-) Index length under threshold in contour

Provides the length along the index axis between the first and last
thickness or amplitude measurement value that is below the
threshold in the defined contour.

Thick%(C-) % of thickness under threshold in contour

Provides the percentage of area with the defined contour where the
thickness is under the threshold value.

Thick%(C+) % of thickness above threshold in contour

Provides the percentage of area with the defined contour where the
thickness is above the threshold value.

352
Table 17 Thickness Information Fields

ThickArea(C+) Area of thickness above threshold in contour

Provides the area (mm2 or in.2) within the defined contour where the
thickness is above the threshold value.

ThickArea(C-) Area of thickness under threshold in contour

Provides the area (mm2 or in.2) within the defined contour where the
thickness is under the threshold value.

MatLoss(Ref) The material loss is the result of the part thickness minus the value in
the T field

Provides the material loss value as the result of the part thickness
minus the thickness measurement value at the Reference cursor
intersection.

Table 18 Drop Sizing Information Fields

S1 (C -6 dB) Scan start at -6 dB in Contour

S2 (C -6 dB) Scan stop at -6 dB in Contour

Refer to “S1 (C -6 dB)” for graphical representation

I1 (C -6 dB) Index start at -6 dB in Contour

Refer to “S1 (C -6 dB)” for graphical representation

353
Table 18 Drop Sizing Information Fields

I2 (C -6 dB) Index stop at -6 dB in Contour

Refer to “S1 (C -6 dB)” for graphical representation

U1 (C -6 dB) U-sound start at -6 dB in Contour

U2 (C -6 dB) U-sound stop at -6 dB in Contour

S(C -6 dB) Scan length at -6 dB in Contour

Scan length is calculated as S=|S2 - S1|.

I(C -6 dB) Index length at -6 dB in Contour

Index length is calculated as I=|I2 - I1|.

U(C -6 dB) U-soud length at -6 dB in Contour

Index length is calculated as U=|U2 - U1|.

% (Max C) Maximum amplitude in Contour

354
Table 18 Drop Sizing Information Fields

Scan (Max C) Scan position of maximum amplitude in Contour

Index (Max C) Index position of maximum amplitude in Contour

Refer to “Scan (Max C)” for graphical representation

U-Sound (Max C) U-sound position of maximum amplitude in Contour

355
Table 19 Gates Information Field

%(G1) Peak amplitude of the signals in gate 1

%(G1)

/(G1) Position of the signal in gate 1

/(G1)

%(G2) Peak amplitude of the signals in gate 2

%(G2)

356
Table 19 Gates Information Field

/(G2) Position of the signal in gate 2

/(G2)

%(G3) Peak amplitude of the signals in gate 3

%(G3)

/(G3) Position of the signal in gate 3

/(G3)

357
Table 19 Gates Information Field

%(G4) Peak amplitude of the signals in gate 4

%(G4)

/(G4) Position of the signal in gate 4

/(G4)

%(synchro) Peak amplitude of the signals in gate synchro

%(synchro)

358
Table 19 Gates Information Field

/(syncrho) Position of the signal in gate synchro

/(synchro)

P(G1) Projected distance of indication in Gate 1 to wedge front face

Gate 1

P(G2) Projected distance of indication in Gate 2 to wedge front face

Gate 2

359
Table 19 Gates Information Field

D(G1) Depth of indication in Gate 1

Gate 1

D(G2) Depth of indication in Gate 2

Gate 2

Scan(G1) Scan position of indication in Gate 1

Scan(G2) Scan position of indication in Gate 2

Index(G1) Index position of indication in Gate 1

Index(G2) Index position of indication in Gate 2

360
Table 19 Gates Information Field

S(G1) Sound path of indication in Gate 1

S = S1 + S2

S1 Gate 1

S2

S(G2) Sound path of indication in Gate 2

S = S1 + S2

S1 Gate 2

S2

Reflector 1 Complete TOFD Calibration Reflector 1

Reflector 2 Complete TOFD Calibration Reflector 2

Lateral Current position of maximum amplitude in the search area

Amp Peak amplitude of the signals in gate 1

361
Table 20 FFT Inspection Frequency

FreqMin Minimum frequency at -6dB in MHz

FreqMin

FFT Curve

FreqMax Maximum frequency at -6dB in MHz

FreqMax

FFT Curve

Bandwidth Bandwidth in %

Provides a description of the width of the frequency spectrum of a

received signal expressed as a percentage of the reference frequency.

362
Table 20 FFT Inspection Frequency

FreqRef Reference frequency in MHz

Frequency with the highest acoustic energy.

FreqRef

FFT Curve

FreqCenter Central frequency of the FFT relative to reference

Computed central frequency of the received signal using the

FreqMin and FreqMax values.

PulseDur Pulse duration according to FFT

Computed duration of the received signal pulse.

363
Table 21 DAC Table

DAC%(G1) Peak DAC amplitude of the signals in gate 1

DAC%(G2) Peak DAC amplitude of the signals in gate 2

DAC%(G3) Peak DAC amplitude of the signals in gate 3

DAC%(G4) Peak DAC amplitude of the signals in gate 4

DAC dB(G1) Peak DAC amplitude drop versus reference level in gate 1

DAC dB(G2) Peak DAC amplitude drop versus reference level in gate 2

DAC dB(G3) Peak DAC amplitude drop versus reference level in gate 3

DAC dB(G4) Peak DAC amplitude drop versus reference level in gate 4

Class(G1) Class of DAC amplitude of the signals in Gate 1

Indication classification according to Japanese Industry Standard

(JIS) or Chinese Industry Standard (CNDAC).

DAC Target Level The amplitude target used to display the DAC

DAC Ref Gain The reference gain used to display the DAC

DAC Calibrated Indicates of the DAC has been calibrated

DAC Source The source of the DAC calibration

Table 22 Statistics

Missed Pts Ratio The ratio between the quantity of missed acquisition points and all
the acquired points.

Max Cons. Missed The biggest quantity of consecutive missed acquisition points.
Pts

364
Table 23 Indication Table

Id Identification number of the indication table entry.

CVolMax Amp Maximum amplitude inside a define volumetric contour.

Contour are defined using the measurement and reference cursors

(“Contour” on page 372).

365
366
Appendix F – Glossary
This glossary is intended to assist TOPAZ users in their operation of the unit. The definitions
represent the meanings as referenced in your ZETEC system.

Acquisition Rate The rate at which the unit can acquire signals. When an inspection
configuration is made of multiple beams/channels, the acquisition rate
defines how many complete set (all beam signals) of data your unit can
store in one (1) second. The acquisition rate is one of the parameters that
defines the maximum possible scan speed.

The TOPAZ provides two possible settings for the acquisition rate:
 Max
Your unit automatically computes the maximum acquisition
rate according to your inspection configuration settings.
 Custom value
You can enter a custom value, with the upper limit being the
auto “Max” value. It can be useful to modify the acquisition
rate value when performing an inspection using the internal
clock of the system as an encoder in order to match your
scanning speed with the recording rate of the unit.

Action On Start Defines the action that your system will automatically perform at the
(Inspection menu) start of an inspection (going into data acquisition mode).

You can select:

 None
No specific action will be performed at the start of the
acquisition.
 Reset Encoder
Position encoders (scan- and index-axis) information will be
reset to the positions specified in the Scan Preset and Index
Preset fields in the Mechanical menu.

Active Channel Defines if your current view will change (Yes) or not (No) when selecting
(View Properties window) a new active channel (Current Channel).

Add For the creation of an indication table, this action increases the table
(Analysis/Indications) length by one row, i.e. adding a new indication to the table.

367
Alarm Signals generated by your system informing you that the current signal is
either breaking, or complying with, specific user defined conditions.
Status of each alarm can be monitored through the alarm LEDs (S, 1, 2, 3
and 4) located on the front panel of your TOPAZ.

Alarm Duration Defines the time during which the alarm state is maintained after the
(UT Settings/Alarm) signal no longer meets the alarm conditions. It can be specified between
0.005 and 1 second.

Amplitude Title of the Options window section where you can define amplitude
(Options window) related options.

Amplitude This field allows you to define the amplitude ruler units:
(View Properties window)  Percentage (%)
 Decibel (dB)
 Samples

Amplitude This option allows you to define how you will be able to use the 16-bit
Manipulation Mode amplitude resolution of the TOPAZ.
(Options window)
 Soft-Gain
Use software gain amplification to increase or decrease
signal amplitude. The software gain can be used instead of
actual hardware gain in order to avoid signal saturation. It
can be returned to 0 dB in analysis to visualize the raw signal
acquired.
 FSH
In this mode, you can define the amplitude scale limits in
percentage (%) of Full Screen Height. In this mode, the
Software Gain/Color Palette toolbar is modified to allow
you to select the color palette and amplitude ruler scaling
limits.

Amplitude Range Allows you to define the amplitude range of your unit, i.e. the signal
(Options window) amplitude lower and upper limits considered by the system. It defines the
maximum signal amplitude the TOPAZ can read and store.

Angle Defines the refracted angle, according to the Snell’s law, for linear focal
(Calculator window) laws. For Azimuthal focal laws, the notion of angle is still the same;
however, you need to define Start and Stop Angles.

Aperture Defines the number of elements within a phased array UT probe that will
(Calculator window) be used for the beam generation.

368
A-Scan It is a 2-dimensional data display where the received pulse amplitude is
(View Type) represented as a displacement along one axis and the travel time of the
ultrasound pulse as a displacement along the other.

 Amplitude
The signal amplitude is usually represented as either:
• Percentage (%) of FSH
• Decibel (dB)
• Samples
Represent the number of amplitude levels resulting from
signal digitalization. On a 16-bit system, you have up to
(216= 65536) levels.
 Ultrasound travel time
The pulse travel time can be express either by:
- True Depth (mm or in.)
- Half Path (mm or in.)
- Full Path (mm or in.)
- Time (s)
- Time/2 (s)
- TOFD (mm or in.)
- Samples (# of)

Auto Detect Max Law View option that allows you to track which beam has the highest
(View Properties window) amplitude signal within the Full A-Scan range or within a specified
detection gate (Gate 1, Gate 2,...).

Autoset Automatically sets channel gain in order to set a signal amplitude to a

(UT Settings/General) specific Autoset Target value. The signal to be considered depends on
the selected Autoset Source option.

Autoset Source Defines the source of the signal to be considered by the Autoset function
(Options window) for channel gain adjustment:
 Gate 1
 Gate 2
 Gate 3
 Gate 4
 Between Cursors (Measurement and Reference cursors)

369
Autoset Target Defines the amplitude target value for the Autoset function.
(Options window)

Average Defines the number of A-scans acquired for each A-scan that is returned.
(UT Settings/Digitizer) An acquisition is obtained by calculating for each sample the average
amplitude value (for a specific travel time) over all the acquired A-scans.

The possible values, depending on your acquisition unit, for the

averaging are: 2, 4, 8 and 16.

Averaging reduces the effect of random noise; however, using a large

number of acquisitions for the averaging decreases the maximum
acquisition rate, and therefore the scanning speed.

Azimuthal Focal law sweep type where multiple beams are generated with different
(Calculator) refracted angles within the same channel.

Balanced A color palette to be applied to 2D data representation where the

(View Properties/Palette) amplitude scale varies from blue (lower scale limit) to white (middle of
the scale) to red (upper scale limit).

Beam Angle Defines the refracted beam angle in conventional UT configuration for
(Channels/Geometry) the current channel.

Beam Field Defines the width of the beams (in dB) considered for the graphical
(Channels/TOFD feedback display for TOFD configurations.
Calculator)

Calculator The Calculator window is the interface where you can define the focal
(Channels/Configuration) laws in order to compute the trigger delays (when each individual
element are fired) to create beams.

Calibrate Opens the Calibrate Encoder window. This interface allows you to
(Mechanical/Encoders) perform an encoder calibration; i.e. define the encoder resolution
(steps/mm or steps/in.).

370
CCW This button realigns the scanner by turning left (counter-clockwise) in
(Inspection/Motor order to correct a motion drift to the right.
Controller)

Channel A channel is a group of beams that share some common characteristics

and settings parameters. In conventional UT, a channel corresponds to
one specific probe (or two for pitch-&-catch techniques); additional
probes are assigned to additional channels. In phased array UT, a channel
is usually a group of beams generated from the same type of sweep and
focal point type & position. Additional channels can be created, even
when using a single phased array UT probe, when the generated beams
are from different sweep type or focal points.

Clear Envelope Removes from the system memory the Envelope used for signal
(Calibration) calibration.

Close Data Closes the current data file and returns the system to its setup mode.

Compression Compression is used to set the digitizer compression ratio. The

(UT Settings/Digitizer) compression allows you to reduce the sample quantity along the
ultrasound axis, and thus the final data file size, by keeping the position
of the first sample and assigning it the maximum amplitude of the
considered group of samples. In the figure below, you see an example of
compression by 4.

Compression reduces your ultrasound axis resolution and has the same
effect on signal as defining a maximum number of points (samples) for
your A-scan on other portable PA systems.

Compute Performs a calculation for the current calibration process according to

(Calibration) the calibration Envelope.

Condition i (i=1, 2 or 3) Defines the state that sets the alarm ON or OFF. Theses conditions are
(UT Settings/Alarm) related to signal status within the range of a specified detection Gate.

371
Configuration Defines the inspection configuration (phased array UT, conventional UT
(Channels/Configuration) or TOFD) of your current channel.

Consecutive Hit How many times the alarm conditions must be met before actually
(UT Settings/Alarm) activating the associated alarm.

Contour A frame-shaped defined by the position of the Measurement and

Reference cursors in the volumetric views (top, side & end views). It is
used to define an area of data in order to encircle an indication and get
statistical information on the selected area.

Defined contour

Conventional TOFD Defines the current channel configuration for Time-of-flight diffraction
(Channels/Configuration) (TOFD) technique where the probes are connected to the conventional UT
connectors of the unit.

Conventional TOFD (on Defines the current channel configuration for Time-of-flight diffraction
PA) (TOFD) technique where the probes are connected to the phased array UT
(Channels/Configuration) connectors of the unit (using a splitter cable/box to connect a set of UT
probes).

Conventional- Defines the current channel configuration for pitch-&-catch technique

Pitch&Catch where the 2 probes (one transmitter and one receiver) are connected to
(Channels/Configuration) the conventional UT connectors of the unit.

Conventional- Defines the current channel configuration for pitch-&-catch technique

Pitch&Catch (on PA) where the 2 probes (one transmitter and one receiver) are connected to
(Channels/Configuration) the phased array UT connectors of the unit (using a splitter cable/box to
connect a set of UT probes).

Conventional-Pulse Defines the current channel configuration for pulse-echo technique

Echo where the probe is connected to a conventional UT connector of the unit.
(Channels/Configuration)

Conventional-Pulse Defines the current channel configuration for pulse-echo technique

Echo (on PA) where the probe is connected to the phased array UT connectors of the
(Channels/Configuration) unit using an adapter cable.

372
C-Scan Amplitude It is a 2-dimensional data display where the received pulse amplitudes,
(View Type) within a detection gate, are shown as a projection on top of the test
specimen. One of the axes is the scan axis; the other is the index axis.
Each displayed point corresponds to a color-coded amplitude.

At a given position on the projected image, the color corresponds to the

maximum amplitude of the signal that was above the associated gate
threshold.

C-Scan Position It is a 2-dimensional data display where the received pulse positions
(View Type) within a detection gate are shown as a projection on top of the test
specimen. One of the axes is the scan axis; the other is the index axis.
Each displayed point corresponds to a color-coded amplitude.

At a given position on the projected image, the color corresponds to the

location (depth) of the signal that either first crossed the associated gate
threshold or the peak amplitude location (if above gate threshold).

Current Beam Specifies the current beam selected.

Current Channel Specifies the current channel selected.

Current Channel Defines the channel used to display the data in the current view.
(View Properties window)

Current Gate Defines the detection gate used to display the data in the current view
(View Properties window) (limited to C-Scan Amplitude and C-Scan Position views).

Current Law Shows the currently selected focal law in the calculator feedback display.
(Calculator window)

Cursors View property field that allows to either Show or Hide the measurement
(View Properties window) and reference cursors in the selected view.

CVolMax Amp Maximum amplitude inside a define volumetric contour. Contour is

(Indication Table) defined using the measurement and reference cursors.

CW This button realigns the scanner by turning right (clockwise) in order to

(Inspection/Motor correct a motion drift to the left.
Controller)

373
dB “dB” is the abbreviation for decibel which is the unit used to measure the
(Status Indicator) intensity of received signal (when using logarithmic scale) or the unit
used to measured the gain applied to received signals (hardware or soft-
gain).

As a calibration status indicator on your TOPAZ, it defines the sensitivity

calibration status.

DAC Distance Amplitude Correction

Graphic reference level sensitivity as a function of sound path, i.e. impact
of material attenuation, on your A-scan display.

DAC Set the TCG/DAC mode in order to create a standard DAC curve.
(UT Settings/TCG/DAC)

DAC: ASME 3 DAC Creation of a DAC curve according to ASME code for ultrasonic
(UT Settings/TCG/DAC) inspection.

DAC: CNDAC Creation of a DAC curve according to Chinese industrial standard for
(UT Settings/TCG/DAC) ultrasonic inspection.

DAC: JIS DAC Creation of a DAC curve according to Japanese Industrial Standard for
(UT Settings/TCG/DAC) ultrasonic inspection.

Delete Removes the currently selected indication from the indication table.
(Analysis/Indications)

Delete View Removes the currently selected view from the layout. Remaining views
(Layout) are automatically rearranged to fill the added space.

DHCP The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an auto-

(Network Configuration) configuration protocol used on IP networks.

By default, this option is disabled which implicates that you have to

manually set the IP address of your TOPAZ card to be compatible with
your workstation network card.

When enabled, the IP address will be set by the network you will be
connected to.

374
Digitizing Frequency Sets the frequency at which the analog signals are converted into digital
(UT Settings/Digitizer) signals. With other digitizer parameters, it defines the ultrasound axis
resolution. The digitalization process transforms the received ultrasound
signals into a set of discrete points (a.k.a. samples). The resolution is the
distance (in sound travel time or translated in sound path) between two
(2) consecutive points.

With other parameters remaining constant:

 If you increase the digitizing frequency:
• Number of samples per A-scan is increased.
• Ultrasound axis resolution is improved.
• Final data file size is increased.
• Maximum scanning speed may be reduced.
 If you decrease the digitizing frequency:
• Number of samples per A-scan is decreased.
• Ultrasound axis resolution is reduced.
• Final data file size is decreased.
• Maximum scanning speed may increase.

Display/Hide During analysis, you can display or hide the indication table:
(Analysis/Indications)  Display the indication table to define the content: specify the
information fields, add or remove indication.
 Hide the indication table to review your data, position
cursors for new indication, etc.

Distance Allows to define the ultrasonic timebase (length of each A-scan) Start
(Calculator/Timebase and Stop as a measured distance from reference point.
Type)

Timebase Start Timebase Stop

(Distance) (Distance)

Distance Sets the associated axis ruler units as a distance value (mm or in.).
(View Properties window)

375
Drop Sizing Indication sizing technique based on signal amplitude variation. The
amplitude delta (“drop”) is express in decibels (dB), e.g. -6dB drop sizing
technique.
Your TOPAZ allow you to perform amplitude drop sizing by creating a
contour (see “Contour” on page 372), i.e. boxing an indication between
the Reference and Measurement cursors.

Empty View Removes the data display from the selected view without deleting the
(Layout) associated view area. You can display a new view using the functions of
the View Properties window.

Enabled Turns the TCG function ON or OFF

(UT Settings/TCG)

Encoder Shows the encoder assign axis for the current encoder calibration
(Calibrate Encoder process.
window)

Encoder Id Defines which encoder signal is assigned to the current axis. Your
(Mechanical/Encoder) TOPAZ unit supports up to two (2) encoders.

End (D) Two-dimensional graphical presentation of signal data corrected for the
(View Type) refracted angle and delay, displayed as a projection on a plane defined by
the index axis and ultrasound axis in true depth unit.

End Merge (D) Two-dimensional graphical presentation of merged signal data corrected
(View Type) for the refracted angle and delay, displayed as a projection on a plane
defined by the index axis and ultrasound axis in true depth unit. This
view allows you to look at merge data without using the merge process.
This view is available online (setup and inspection) as well as offline
(analysis).

Envelope It represent the stored information of the maximum signal amplitude

(Calibration process) within the search area. When performing a calibration, the calibration
function searches for the maximum amplitude signal within a specific
search area, the envelope present a visual feedback of the calibration
information (signal amplitude or location) for the absolute maximum
amplitude signal seen by each beam. The calibration process uses the
stored envelope information for the adjustment of parameters (law gain,
individual wedge delay...).

376
Envelope A signal envelope curve is built during a scanning process (manual or
(View Properties window) automated scan) from the maximum amplitude for each individual
sample along the ultrasound axis. It is a way to look at your signal echo
dynamic. An envelope can only be displayed on an A-Scan view.
Signal Envelope Curve

Current A-scan
Signal

In the View Properties window, you Show or Hide the signal envelope
curve.

Exchange Axis Interchanges the vertical and horizontal axis of the selected view. It
(View Properties window) basically rotates your view by 90°.

Exit Properly launches the shutdown procedure of your TOPAZ:

(File)  Verifies if current file content (setup or data) has been
modified and allows you to save them.
 Closes the open files.
 Closes the UltraVision Touch application and shutdowns
your unit.
Modifications to data files are saved in a .UVExtension file, leaving the
raw data untouched.

FFT It is a 2-dimensional representation of the frequency content of a non-

(View Type) rectified A-scan to which a Fast Fourier Transform was applied. This view
is useful when characterizing probe frequencies. A FFT view displays the
strength of frequencies as a displacement along one axis and the
frequency content as a displacement along the other.

Field List Provides access to the information fields that can be used as “columns”
(Analysis/Indications) for the indication table.

File Manager Interface through which you can perform file management task: copy,
(Tools) move, delete files...

377
Filter A filter is a signal processing device that blocks a specific part of the
(UT Settings/Pulser & received signal frequency spectrum in order to remove electronic and/or
Receiver) acoustic noise. The TOPAZ allows you to use:
 Low-Pass filters (LP)
Block signals frequencies higher than the selected filter
value.
 High-Pass filters (HP)
Block signals frequencies lower than the selected filter value.
 Band-Pass filters (BP)
Block signals frequencies outside of the selected filter value
frequency.
 Auto filter
Automatically selects the band-pass filter according to your
probe nominal frequency. Band-pass selection filter is done
by trying to keep the probe frequency in the middle of the
band-pass filter range.
 None
No filtering is applied to the signal.

First Element Defines the first element of the active aperture along the primary axis.
(Calculator) For linear focal laws, you have to define the first element of the first active
aperture and the Last Element of the last active aperture along the
primary axis as well as the element steps between each aperture
(Resolution).

378
Focal Point Defines the focusing characteristics of the ultrasound beams (for phased
(Calculator) array UT configuration). Three (3) types of focusing:
 Half path
All the focal laws are focused at the same half path (distance,
metal path) value.

 True depth
All focal laws are focused at a constant depth.

 Projection
All focal laws are focused on a given vertical plane.

 Natural
Focal laws are computed in order to let each individual beam
focus its acoustic energy at the natural focal point (aperture
near field length).

379
Fork Offset Distance between the front of the NDT PaintBrush scanner and the
(Mechanical/Paintbrush/ probe/wedge reference point.
Position)

FSH Full Screen Height - Reference for signal amplitude measurements.

(Tools/Options)
FSH is also an amplitude manipulation mode to take advantage of the
16-bit signal amplitude resolution. This particular mode allows you to set
the amplitude range (% of FSH) that can be recorded without suffering
from the effects of signal saturation (i.e. signals over 100% FSH).

FWS Front Wedge Separation, i.e. distance between the front of the two (2)
(Channels/TOFD wedges used for your TOFD inspections. It’s value is usually dependent on
Calculator) your angle selection and crossover depth.
Front Wedge Separation

Gain Defines the degree to which a signal has been amplified for the current
(UT Settings/General) channel.

Gain Displays the total gain applied for the selected TCG point
(UT Settings/TCG) (i.e. channel gain + TCG correction gain).

Gate Gates are used to extract information from an A-scan signal in order to
create C-scan data, turn ON or OFF an alarm signal, obtain information
(signal amplitude, location...) or set a signal synchronization.

Gates Gates can be displayed on a specific view as reference. You can either
(View Properties window) Show or Hide the defined gates.

Geometry Defines the shape of the specimen, i.e. component to be inspected.

380
Gray Color palette to be applied to 2D data representation where the amplitude
(View Properties window) scale varies from black (lower scale limit) to white (upper scale limit).

HAZ Heat Affected Zone

(Specimen/Geometry) Area of the base material which is not melted but had its microstructure
with Weld Solution and properties altered by welding operations.
License

HAZ Offset Location of the heat affected zone limits in reference to the weld center
(Specimen/Geometry) line.
with Weld Solution HAZ Offset
License

HAZ Profile Define the general profile of the heat affected zone:
(Specimen/Geometry)  Follow Weld
with Weld Solution Limits of the HAZ follow the weld profile defined by the
License Weld Type parameter.
HAZ Offset

 Vertical
Limits of the HAZ are a vertical cut along the defined weld.
HAZ Offset

I Status indicator that provides index encoder position.

(Status Indicator)

Id Identification number of the indication table entry.

(Indication Table)

381
Index Defines the index ruler units:
(View Properties window)  Distance (mm or in.)
 Rotation (deg.)
For pipe-like specimen.
 Samples

Index Encoder Defines the index axis position encoder resolution in steps/mm or
Resolution steps/in.
(Mechanical/Encoder
Index)

Index Offset Focal law exit point location from a probe/wedge assembly reference
(Channels/Beams) point along the index axis.

Index Offset Distance between the wedge reference point (back left corner) and the
(Channels/Calculator) mechanical reference along the scan axis.

Scan Offset > 0 Wedge reference

First Element Secondary Axis Index Offset < 0

Offset > 0

scan
index

First Element Primary Axis

Offset > 0
Mechanical reference

Index Position Provides the current index encoder position

(Mechanical/Encoder
Index)

Index Preset Defines the preset value for the index axis encoder. When the Reset
(Mechanical/Encoder function is used, the encoder position is changed to the preset value.
Index)

382
Index Preset Distance between the scanner reference point and the origin of scan/
(Mechanical/Paintbrush/ index coordinate system along the scan axis (in blue). PaintBrush scanner
Position) reference is set in the middle of the scanner wheels.

Index Reference Distance from the front of the wedge location and the mechanical
(Channels/Calculator) reference along the index axis.
Offset
Reference

Index Resolution Defines the increment steps along the index axis for the mechanical
(Mechanical/Sequence) inspection sequence.

Index Start Defines the start position along the index axis for the mechanical
(Mechanical/Sequence) inspection sequence.

Index Stop Defines the stop position along the index axis for the mechanical
(Mechanical/Sequence) inspection sequence.

Indications Signal information showing evidence of a discontinuity in the specimen.

Inside Diameter Defines the inside diameter of a pipe-like specimen.

(Shape Editor window)

Inspection From Defines if you are inspecting your pipe-like specimen from:
(Shape Editor window)  ID
From the inside diameter of the specimen.
 OD
From the outside diameter of the specimen.

383
Interface When using the TOPAZ in remote control mode with UltraVision 3, it
(Options window) allows you to toggle between the standard UltraVision 3 user interface
and the UltraVision Touch interface.

Invert Defines how the encoder step signals are counted to update the position
(Mechanical/Encoder) of your scanning mechanism. When choosing Inverted, the positive and
negative encoder count directions are reversed.

IP address A unique string of numbers that identifies your TOPAZ network card.
(Network Configuration) When connected to a workstation (remote control), it provides a
communication address for commands to reach your unit and be
executed. The IP address of the workstation is used in the same manner,
i.e. allowing signals to find their way to your computer.

KD Motorization control coefficient:

(Mechanical/Motors) Derivative term of the system compensation PID filter for motorization
with Weld Solution control. Derivative action is normally introduced to increase the damping
License of the motorization control system. In effect, it applies the «brakes», in an
attempt to prevent overshoot or undershoot.

KI Motorization control coefficient:

(Mechanical/Motors) Integrator term of the system compensation PID filter for motorization
with Weld Solution control. Integral control is used to provide the required accuracy for the
License motorization control system.

KP Motorization control coefficient:

(Mechanical/Motors) Proportional gain term of the system compensation PID filter for
with Weld Solution motorization control. Proportional control is pure gain adjustment acting
License on the error signal to provide driving input to the process. The KP term
in the PID controller is used to adjust the speed of the system.

Last Element Defines the last element of the last active aperture.
(Calculator) For linear focal laws, you have to define the first element of the first active
aperture and the Last Element of the last active aperture along the
primary axis as well as the element steps between each aperture
(Resolution).

Law Gain Defines the degree to which a signal has been amplified for the current
(Channels/Beams) focal law. The total gain applied for a specific focal is a sum of the channel
gain and the law gain.

Layout A data display area view setup, i.e. organization of different views to
visualize your data. You have access to multiple predefined layouts as well
as functions to customize your own layout.

384
Linear Focal law sweep type where multiple beams are generated with different
(Channels/Calculator) aperture location within the same probe at the same angle for all beams.

Load Setup Opens a dedicated user interface allowing to select setup files (inspection
configuration settings).

Locus (Focal point) Graphical representation of the location of the desired focal point for all
(Channels/Calculator) the displayed rays (focal laws).

Logic Defines the logic (Normal or Inverted) of the conditions used to define
(UT Settings/Alarms) the alarm.

LW Removal Lateral wave removal is used on TOFD (Time of Flight Diffraction) signal
(Analysis/TOFD) to remove the lateral front wave of the signal. It uses a reference A-Scan
obtained using the reference cursor scan position and will look for a
lateral front wave between Reference and Measurement cursors
ultrasound position for the reference A-Scans. The algorithm will then
subtract the wave signal from all A-Scans at exact same ultrasound
position. Thus it is imperative that a lateral wave synchronization is
performed before this operation.

It is also important to select a reference A-Scan that has representative

lateral front wave.

LW Sync Lateral wave synchronization is used on TOFD (Time of Flight

(Analysis/TOFD) Diffraction) signal to align the front wave of all A-Scans of a given
channel. It uses a reference A-Scan obtained using the Reference cursor
scan position and will look for a lateral front wave between Reference and
Measurement cursors ultrasound position for all A-Scans. Once found
the highest maximum value of each lateral front wave will be aligned on
the reference A-Scan. Thus it is imperative to select a reference A-Scan
that has representative lateral front wave.

Lateral Wave Synchronization functionality will generate a new

processed data that can be analyzed separately.

LW Velocity Longitudinal wave velocity of the selected material

(Specimen)

Material Name of the specimen material.

(Specimen)

Merge All Volumetric merge process that takes into account all the available data in
(Analysis/Processing) the data file.

385
Merge Custom Volumetric merge process that takes into account only the selected data
(Analysis/Processing) in the data file.

Mode Defines the unit mode used to set the time base:
(UT Settings/General)  True Depth
Start and Range values are set as depth values according to
the current beam.
 Half Path
Start and Range values are set as sound path values
according to the current beam.
 Time of flight
Start and Range values are set as time of flight values
according to the current beam.

Network adapter Provides the name of the currently available network card of your unit for
(Network Configuration) remote control connection.

One Line Inspection sequence where only one encoder is used to determine the
(Mechanical/Encoder) position during the acquisition.

Open Data Opens a dedicated user interface allowing to select data files for analysis.

Orientation Preset Orientation of the scanner according to the scan and index axes.
(Mechanical/Paintbrush/
Position)
Index Preset

Preset

Orientation Preset

Outside Diameter Defines the outside diameter of a pipe-like specimen.

(Shape Editor window)

Overlay Drawing representing your defined specimen that is place over the data
(Specimen) views.

Palette Sets the general appearance of acquired data in a view. Three (3) color
(View Properties window) palettes are available: Rainbow, Balanced and Gray.

386
Pause While in inspection mode, the data acquisition can be interrupted in
(Inspection) order to review the data.

PCS Probe Center Separation, i.e. distance between the beam wedge exit
(Channels/TOFD points for TOFD inspections. It’s value is usually dependent on your angle
Calculator) or (Channels/ selection and crossover depth.
Geometry) Probe Center Separation

Phased Array- Defines the current channel configuration for pitch-&-catch technique
Pitch&Catch where the 2 phased array UT probes (one transmitter and one receiver
(Channels/Configuration) side-by-side) are connected to the phased array UT connectors of the unit
(using an appropriate splitter cable/box).

Phased Array-Pulse Defines the current channel configuration for pulse-echo technique
Echo where the phased array UT probe is connected to phased array UT
(Channels/Configuration) connector of the unit.

Polar Two-dimensional representation of the data in a realistic cylindrical

(View Type) geometry.

Position Defines the location of the focal point.

(Calculator)

387
Probe Ultrasonic transducer:
 Conventional UT: transducer containing only one
piezoelectric element.
 Phased array UT: transducer containing multiple
piezoelectric elements in the same housing.

Probe Index Offset Probe/wedge assembly location along the index axis from the specimen
(Channels/Geometry) reference point.

Probe Orientation Defines the orientation of ultrasound beam for TOFD in reference to the
(Channels/TOFD scan axis motion. The beam is Perpendicular or Parallel to the scan axis
Calculator) or (Channels/ motion.
Geometry)

Probe Scan Offset Probe/wedge assembly location along the scan axis from the specimen
(Channels/Geometry) reference point.

Probe Skew Probe/wedge assembly orientation in the scan- and index axis coordinate
(Channels/Geometry) system.

Produce A-Scan A-scan signals can be discarded when only detection gate C-scan data is
(UT Settings/Digitizer) required.

Propose Setup Software feature that proposes inspection configurations based on your
(Specimen) welded specimen definition. Using the Propose Setup function opens the
with Weld Solution Setup Creator window that displays the proposed configuration.
License

Pulse Width Defines the width of the excitation pulse. You can choose:
(UT Settings/Pulser &  Auto
Receiver) Automatically selects the pulse width according to your
probe nominal frequency.
 Custom value
Pulse width can be manually in order to optimize a
configuration.

Rainbow Color palette to be applied to 2D data representation where the amplitude

(View Properties window) scale varies from white (lower scale limit) to red (upper scale limit) with
multiple other colors in between.

Range Defines the actual distance traveled during the encoder calibration
(Calibrate Encoder process. This is then used for the computation of the encoder resolution
window) (steps/mm or steps/in.)

388
Range Defines the range of your data acquisition time base. The range value is
(UT Settings/General) set according to the time base Mode:
 True Depth
Range value is set as depth values according to the current
beam.
 Half Path
Range values is set as sound path values according to the
current beam.
 Time of flight
Range value is set as time of flight values according to the
current beam.

Raster The raster inspection sequence identifies a bidimensional surface-scan

(Mechanical/Sequence) sequence, also called a bidirectional scan. To determine the position
during the acquisition, two position encoders are used, on two
mechanical axes.

Receiver Probe Defines on which actual connector pin the first element of a receiver
Connection probe is connected for pitch-&-catch configurations.
(Channels/Connection)

Rectification Status of A-scan signal rectification:

(UT Settings/Pulser &  Bipolar
Receiver) The negative part of the A-scan signal is brought back in the
positive part (i.e. giving an absolute value of the signal). All
signal amplitudes are positive.
 RF
The A-scan signal is displayed without any rectification (i.e.
with alternative positive and negative amplitude peaks)
 Unipolar pos
Only the positive part of the A-scan signal is kept.
 Unipolar neg
Only the negative part of the A-scan signal is kept.

Recurrence The recurrence is the firing recurrence frequency (pulse repetition

(UT Settings/Digitizer) frequency, or PRF). The recurrence is independent on each channel.

389
Ref “Ref ” is the abbreviation for reference which refers to a reference gain
(Status Indicator) value.

As a status indicator on your TOPAZ, it specifies if a reference gain as

been set.

Ref. Gain Reference gain.

(UT Settings/General)
When set, the reference gain takes the value of the current channel gain
and channel gain is set to 0 dB.

Reflector Type Defines the type of reflector used for calibration:

(Calibration)  Depth
Used for reflectors that are located at the same depth for all
beams (e.g. side-drilled-holes, flat-bottom-holes...).
 Radius
Used for reflectors that will have the same sound path for all
beams (e.g. radius, backwall...)

Remote mode Operation mode of the TOPAZ unit where it is controlled remotely by a
workstation.

Reset Action that erase the unit memory buffer as well as changing the encoder
(Inspection) positions to their respective preset value.

Resolution Indicates the step (in degrees) between two consecutive focal laws when
(Calculator) the sweep type is set to Azimuthal.

Resolution Measurement of the number of encoder steps per unit distance travel
(Encoder) (mm or in.).

Reverse Axis 1 Reverses the ruler direction of axis 1.

(View Properties window)

Reverse Axis 2 Reverses the ruler direction of axis 2.

(View Properties window)

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Reverse Probe Defines the orientation of the probe elements (primary axis orientation)
when placed on a wedge.

Reverse Probe = No Reverse Probe = Yes

S Status indicator that provides scan encoder position.

(Status Indicator)

SAFT SAFT stands for “Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique” where the
(Analysis/TOFD) volume scanned by the ultrasound waves during the scanning process is
divided into a pixel grid in which the echo signals are arranged according
to their time of flight and angle. SAFT is used on TOFD (Time of Flight
Diffraction) signal to clear out indications from the background giving
cleaner and hopefully more precise results. In order to use SAFT you
must have a correctly calibrated and synchronized TOFD signal. SAFT
functionality will generate a new processed data that can be analyzed
separately.

Note that incorrect TOFD parameters, bad calibration or absence of

synchronization can lead to signal deterioration in resulting processed
data.

Sample Size Sample is a data point. The sample size (8-bit or 16-bit) defines the
(UT Settings/Digitizer) amplitude resolution (number of amplitude levels) for data storage.
Also, the total number of samples in an A-scan is displayed between
parenthesis “(xyz samples)”.

Save Data Opens a dedicated window allowing to save the acquired data to a file for
future review.

Save Screen This function takes a snapshot of your current interface and saves it as a
(Tools) PNG file.

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Save Setup Opens a dedicated user interface allowing to save the inspection
configuration settings.

Scan This field allows to define the scan ruler units:

(View Properties window)  Distance (mm or in.)
 Rotation (deg.)
For pipe-like specimens.
 Samples

Scan Encoder Defines the scan axis position encoder resolution in steps/mm or
Resolution steps/in.
(Mechanical/Encoder
Index)

Scan Offset Focal law exit point location from a probe/wedge assembly reference
(Channels/Beams) point along the scan axis.

Scan Offset Distance between the wedge reference point (back left corner) and the
(Channels/Calculator) mechanical reference along the scan axis.

Scan Offset > 0 Wedge reference

Secondary axis offset of the First Element Secondary

middle of the first element > 0 Axis Offset< 0

scan
index

First Element Primary Axis

Offset > 0
Mechanical reference

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Scan Orientation Defines the scan axis orientation in reference to the weld of your
(Shape Editor window) specimen.
 Across
The scanning motion is parallel to the weld center line and
scanning increments are perpendicular to the weld.
 Along
The scanning motion is perpendicular to the weld center
line and scanning increments are parallel to the weld.

Scan Position Provides the current scan encoder position.

(Mechanical/Encoder
Scan)

Scan Preset Defines the preset value for the scan axis encoder. When the Reset
(Mechanical/Encoder function is used, the encoder position is changed to the preset value.
Scan)

Scan Preset Distance between the scanner reference point and the origin of scan/
(Mechanical/Paintbrush/ index coordinate system along the scan axis (in blue). NDT PaintBrush
Position) scanner reference is set in the middle of the scanner wheels.

Scan Reference Distance from the front of the wedge location and the mechanical
(Channels/Calculator) reference along the scan axis.
Offset
Reference

Scan Resolution Defines the increment steps along the scan axis for the mechanical
(Mechanical/Sequence) inspection sequence.

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Scan Start Defines the start position along the scan axis for the mechanical
(Mechanical/Sequence) inspection sequence.

Scan Stop Defines the stop position along the scan axis for the mechanical
(Mechanical/Sequence) inspection sequence.

Scanning Speed Provides the maximum inspection speed that can be reached without
(Inspection) creating data gaps. Its value is computed by taking into account your
inspection configuration settings and capability of the instrument to
process the received signals.

Scrolling (B) In a scrolling (B) view, the a-scan is represented by a line on which the
(View Type) amplitude is color-coded. The lines are stacked consecutively in real time.
The view shows real time against the time-of-flight of the received
ultrasonic signals. The refresh rate of this view is determine by the overall
acquisition rate.

Sections Groups of information fields and parameters that can be included in

(Reports) reports.

Sector A subset of beams of the current channel to be used for the ongoing
(Calibration) calibration. This allows using different reflectors for specific beams
within the same channel.

Sectorial The sectorial scan view is only available for phased array data signals. In
(View Type) this view, the A-scan of each focal law is represented by a line on which
the amplitude is color-coded.
This view shows all beams corrected for delay, refracted angle, and true
depth. The available axes depend on the geometry of the displayed
signals. One axis is the true-depth ultrasound path; the other can
alternate between the scan axis and the index axis.

Sensitivity The sensitivity calibration is a way to ensure that the selected beams of
(Calibration) the same channel return the same signal amplitude for the same reflector.

Setup Creator Interface that provides the description of the proposed inspection
(Specimen/Proposed configuration. Clicking Accept implements the configuration.
Setup)

Side (B) Two-dimensional graphical presentation of signal data corrected for the
(View Type) refracted angle and delay, displayed as a projection on a plane defined by
the scan axis and ultrasound axis in true depth unit.

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Side Merge (B) Two-dimensional graphical presentation of merged signal data corrected
(View Type) for the refracted angle and delay, displayed as a projection on a plane
defined by the scan axis and ultrasound axis in true depth unit. This view
allows you to look at merge data without using the merge process. This
view is available online (setup and inspection) as well as offline (analysis).

Single Point A single point inspection is usually used to perform static acquisition (no
(Sequence) position encoder feedback). This means that your unit is not considering
any encoders input.
For single point inspection, data display are refreshed according to
specified acquisition rate.

Skew Angle It is a measurement of the beam orientation as it relates to the scan- and
index-axis. The total skew angle is the sum of two components: the beam
skew angle and the probe skew angle.

 Beam Skew Angle

The beam skew angle is defined as the angle between the
ultrasound beam (central ray) projection on the scanning
surface and the primary axis of the array. It can have values
between -180° and 180°.
 Probe Skew Angle
The probe skew angle is defined as the angle between the
probe primary axis and the scan axis. It can have values
between 0° and 359.9°. The angle is obtained by a rotation
around a normal of the surface through the mechanical
reference point (origin).

Total skew angles can have a value between 0and 359.9.

Skew Angle Defines the primary axis of your 1D linear phased array transducer
(Calculator) orientation with regards to the scan axis (a.k.a. Probe Skew Angle)

Smoothing Signal filtering process applied to a rectified signal to smooth the curve.
The smoothing function creates an envelope on the rectified signal to
eliminate the effects of the original RF signal (alternating positive and
negative amplitudes).

Soft C-Scan Function that allows you to create C-scan from previously recorded data.
(Analysis)

Soft-Gain A signal amplification obtained through software processing that does

not affect the hardware signal amplification (general Gain parameter).

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Soft-Gain Soft-Gain is also an amplitude manipulation mode to take advantage of
(Tools/Options) the 16-bit signal amplitude resolution. This particular mode allows you
to increase the effective dynamic range of your unit amplifiers.

Soft Gate Detection gate used by the Soft C-Scan feature for creation of C-scan data
(Analysis/Soft C-Scan) in analysis mode.

Start Sets your TOPAZ unit in acquisition mode, i.e. your system is now in
(Inspection) recording mode.

Start Defines the start of your data acquisition time base. The start value is set
(UT Settings/General) according to the time base Mode:
 True Depth
Start value is set as depth values according to the current
beam.
 Half Path
Start values is set as sound path values according to the
current beam.
 Time of flight
Start value is set as time of flight values according to the
current beam.

Start Angle For Azimuthal sweep, it defines the first refracted angle to be generated.
(Calculator)

Start Position Current encoder position used as the start position for the encoder
(Calibrate Encoder) calibration process.

State Determines if the current detection gate is used or not (ON or OFF ).
(UT Settings/Gates)

Stop Stops your signal acquisition process and returns your TOPAZ to setup
(Inspection) mode. It also allows to save the acquired data to a file.

Stop Angle For Azimuthal sweep, it defines the last refracted angle to be generated.
(Calculator)

Stop Position Current encoder position (according to current encoder resolution) after
(Calibrate Encoder) moving the scanning mechanism over a known distance. It is used as the
last position for the encoder calibration process.

Subnet mask A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to.
(Network)

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SW Velocity Shear (transverse) wave velocity of the selected material
(Specimen)

Sweep Defines the focal laws type (Azimuthal, Linear or Compound).

(Calculator)

Sync Determines the synchronization state which relates to the defined gate.
(UT Settings/Gates) For Synchro gate, you can choose:
 None
Data acquisition is synchronized with triggering pulse.
 On Echo
Data acquisition is synchronized on a signal that crosses the
Synchro gate.

System Update Function that allows software update of your unit.

(Tools)

TCG “TCG” is the abbreviation for time-corrected-gain which is the gain

(Status Indicator) compensation for increased signal attenuation with ultrasound path.

As a calibration status indicator on your TOPAZ, it defines the TCG

calibration status.

T. Corr. Transfer correction in dB.

(UT Settings/TCG/DAC) Value of gain correction when transferring from calibration block to
component to inspect.

Theme Screen display setting for indoor or outdoor (Toggle Theme).

(Tools)

Threshold Numerical value (position or amplitude) used for thickness information

(Analysis/Thickness) fields calculation. For example, percentage (%) of inspected area with a
thickness above the threshold value (Thick%(C+)).

Threshold Detection gate level below which no gate related data is stored.
(UT Settings/Gate)

Throughput Data transfer rate according to your inspection configuration settings.

(Inspection)

Timebase Range Defines the range of your beam coverage in the graphical feedback of the
(Calculator) Calculator (beam rays are displayed in red). The range value is set
according to the timebase type.

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Timebase Start Defines the start of your beam coverage in the graphical feedback of the
(Calculator) Calculator (beam rays are displayed in red). The start value is set
according to the timebase type.

Timebase Type Defines the unit mode used to set the timebase in the calculator for the
(Calculator) graphical feedback (beam rays are displayed in red):
 True Depth
Start and Range values are set as depth values.
 Half Path
Start and Range values are set as sound path values.
 Distance
Start and Range values are set as a distance from the weld
center line.
 Time of flight
Start and Range values are set as time of flight values.

TOFD Time-of-flight diffraction technique.

(Channel/Configuration)

Tolerance Upper and lower limits range within which a signal calibration check
(Calibration) result is defined as meeting amplitude or location requirements.

Top (C) Two-dimensional graphical presentation of the signal data displayed as a

(View Type) projection on top of the test specimen. One of the axes is the scan axis;
the other is the index axis.

Top Merge (C) Two-dimensional graphical presentation of the merged signal data
(View Type) displayed as a projection on top of the test specimen. One of the axes is
the scan axis; the other is the index axis. This view allows you to look at
merge data without using the merge process. This view is available online
(setup and inspection) as well as offline (analysis).

Transmitter Probe Defines on which actual connector pin the first element of a transmitter
Connection probe is connected for pitch-&-catch configurations or multiple probe
(Channels/Connections) inspection using adapter cable or splitter box.

Trigger For the current gate, defines if the detection gate data will take into
(UT Settings/Gates) account the crossing threshold location or the maximum peak location
within the gate.

Type Define the content of the report to be generated.

(Reports)

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us “us” or “s” is the abbreviation for microsecond as it relates to signal
(Status Indicator) “flight time”.

As a calibration status indicator on your TOPAZ, it defines the wedge

delay calibration status.

Usound It is the abbreviation for ultrasound as it related to the ultrasound ruler.

(View Properties)

V “V” is the abbreviation for velocity.

(Status Indicator)
As a calibration status indicator on your TOPAZ, it defines the
ultrasound velocity calibration status.

View Type Defines the type of data view in the selected view display.
(View Properties)

Voltage Defines the amplitude of the voltage pulse that will be sent to the
(UT Settings/Pulser & individual probe elements for the generation of the ultrasound beam.
Receiver) Your TOPAZ unit offers three (3) different settings:
 High: 75V (maximum pulse voltage)
 Medium: 50V
 Low: 35V (minimum pulse voltage)
 Custom value
You can select the current voltage value and manually enter a
new one according to your unit specifications.

Volume Corrected Defines if the current data view is corrected for beam angle, and all
(View Properties) offsets (beam and probe).

Wave Type Defines the type of wave considered for the focal law computation.
(Calculator) Selecting a wave type defines the sound velocity considered for law
calculation.

Wedge Apparatus used to adapt a straight beam transducer for use in a specific
type of testing (angle beam, curved surface inspection, delay lines).

Wedge Delay Amount of time the ultrasound beams travels within the wedge.

Wedge Delay A calibration process that modifies the individual beam “in wedge travel
(Calibration) time” in order to adjust a reflector location signal to its true position.

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Wedge Separation Same as FWS: Front Wedge Separation, i.e. distance between the font of
(Channels/Geometry) the two (2) wedges used for your TOFD inspections. It’s value is usually
dependent on your angle selection and crossover depth.
Front Wedge Separation

Weld Type Definition of the general weld characteristics for your specimen.
(Shape Editor)

WD TOFD Wedge delay calibration algorithm that takes into account the
(TOFD Calibration) characteristics of a TOFD inspection.

Zero Crossing Location where a detected peak (crossing a detection gate threshold) will
(TOFD Calibration) cross the 0% amplitude line.
Detection Gate

400